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Yoo H, Mahato M, Oh W, Ha J, Han H, Ahn CW, Oh IK. Exploring role of microbatteries in enhancing sustainability and functionality of implantable biosensors and bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116419. [PMID: 38830292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Microbatteries are emerging as a sustainable, miniaturized power source, crucial for implantable biomedical devices. Their significance lies in offering high energy density, longevity, and rechargeability, facilitating uninterrupted health monitoring and treatment within the body. The review delves into the development of microbatteries, emphasizing their miniaturization and biocompatibility, crucial for long-term, safe in-vivo use. It examines cutting-edge manufacturing techniques like physical and chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition, essential for the precision manufacture of the microbatteries. The paper contrasts primary and secondary batteries, highlighting the advantages of zinc-ion and magnesium-ion batteries for enhanced stability and reduced reactivity. It also explores biodegradable batteries, potentially obviating the need for surgical extraction post-use. The integration of microbatteries into diagnostic and therapeutic devices is also discussed, illustrating how they enhance the efficacy and sustainability of implantable biosensors and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Yoo
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Manmatha Mahato
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jawon Ha
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Han
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Won Ahn
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Bilal M, Syed NN, Jamil Y, Tariq A, Khan HR. Powering the future: Exploring self-charging cardiac implantable electronic devices and the Qi revolution. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 47:542-550. [PMID: 38407386 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have risen over the last few decades worldwide, resulting in a cost burden to healthcare systems and increasingly complex procedures. Among many strategies for treating heart diseases, treating arrhythmias using cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has been shown to improve quality of life and reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death. The battery-powered CIEDs have the inherent challenge of regular battery replacements depending upon energy usage for their programmed tasks. Nanogenerator-based energy harvesters have been extensively studied, developed, and optimized continuously in recent years to overcome this challenge owing to their merits of self-powering abilities and good biocompatibility. Although these nanogenerators and others currently used in energy harvesters, such as biofuel cells (BFCs) exhibit an infinite spectrum of uses for this novel technology, their demerits should not be dismissed. Despite the emergence of Qi wireless power transfer (WPT) has revolutionized the technological world, its application in CIEDs has yet to be studied well. This review outlines the working principles and applications of currently employed energy harvesters to provide a preliminary exploration of CIEDs based on Qi WPT, which may be a promising technology for the next generation of functionalized CIEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Bilal
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Yumna Jamil
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Areesha Tariq
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Habib Rehman Khan
- Division of Cardiology, London Health Sciences, Schulich Medical School, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Yue O, Wang X, Xie L, Bai Z, Zou X, Liu X. Biomimetic Exogenous "Tissue Batteries" as Artificial Power Sources for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices Manufacturing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307369. [PMID: 38196276 PMCID: PMC10953594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Implantable bioelectronic devices (IBDs) have gained attention for their capacity to conformably detect physiological and pathological signals and further provide internal therapy. However, traditional power sources integrated into these IBDs possess intricate limitations such as bulkiness, rigidity, and biotoxicity. Recently, artificial "tissue batteries" (ATBs) have diffusely developed as artificial power sources for IBDs manufacturing, enabling comprehensive biological-activity monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy. ATBs are on-demand and designed to accommodate the soft and confining curved placement space of organisms, minimizing interface discrepancies, and providing ample power for clinical applications. This review presents the near-term advancements in ATBs, with a focus on their miniaturization, flexibility, biodegradability, and power density. Furthermore, it delves into material-screening, structural-design, and energy density across three distinct categories of TBs, distinguished by power supply strategies. These types encompass innovative energy storage devices (chemical batteries and supercapacitors), power conversion devices that harness power from human-body (biofuel cells, thermoelectric nanogenerators, bio-potential devices, piezoelectric harvesters, and triboelectric devices), and energy transfer devices that receive and utilize external energy (radiofrequency-ultrasound energy harvesters, ultrasound-induced energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Ultimately, future challenges and prospects emphasize ATBs with the indispensability of bio-safety, flexibility, and high-volume energy density as crucial components in long-term implantable bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Zhongxue Bai
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xiaoliang Zou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering EducationShaanxi University of Science &TechnologyXi'anShaanxi710021China
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Zhang T, Li CH, Li W, Wang Z, Gu Z, Li J, Yuan J, Ou-Yang J, Yang X, Zhu B. A Self-Healing Optoacoustic Patch with High Damage Threshold and Conversion Efficiency for Biomedical Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:122. [PMID: 38372850 PMCID: PMC10876513 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Compared with traditional piezoelectric ultrasonic devices, optoacoustic devices have unique advantages such as a simple preparation process, anti-electromagnetic interference, and wireless long-distance power supply. However, current optoacoustic devices remain limited due to a low damage threshold and energy conversion efficiency, which seriously hinder their widespread applications. In this study, using a self-healing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Fe-Hpdca-PDMS) and carbon nanotube composite, a flexible optoacoustic patch is developed, which possesses the self-healing capability at room temperature, and can even recover from damage induced by cutting or laser irradiation. Moreover, this patch can generate high-intensity ultrasound (> 25 MPa) without the focusing structure. The laser damage threshold is greater than 183.44 mJ cm-2, and the optoacoustic energy conversion efficiency reaches a major achievement at 10.66 × 10-3, compared with other carbon-based nanomaterials and PDMS composites. This patch is also been successfully examined in the application of acoustic flow, thrombolysis, and wireless energy harvesting. All findings in this study provides new insight into designing and fabricating of novel ultrasound devices for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhongya Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapu Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Junru Yuan
- School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ou-Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Benpeng Zhu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Lee JC, Kim SY, Song J, Jang H, Kim M, Kim H, Choi SQ, Kim S, Jolly P, Kang T, Park S, Ingber DE. Micrometer-thick and porous nanocomposite coating for electrochemical sensors with exceptional antifouling and electroconducting properties. Nat Commun 2024; 15:711. [PMID: 38331881 PMCID: PMC10853525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of coating technologies for electrochemical sensors that consistently exhibit antifouling activities in diverse and complex biological environments over extended time is vital for effective medical devices and diagnostics. Here, we describe a micrometer-thick, porous nanocomposite coating with both antifouling and electroconducting properties that enhances the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. Nozzle printing of oil-in-water emulsion is used to create a 1 micrometer thick coating composed of cross-linked albumin with interconnected pores and gold nanowires. The layer resists biofouling and maintains rapid electron transfer kinetics for over one month when exposed directly to complex biological fluids, including serum and nasopharyngeal secretions. Compared to a thinner (nanometer thick) antifouling coating made with drop casting or a spin coating of the same thickness, the thick porous nanocomposite sensor exhibits sensitivities that are enhanced by 3.75- to 17-fold when three different target biomolecules are tested. As a result, emulsion-coated, multiplexed electrochemical sensors can carry out simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid, antigen, and host antibody in clinical specimens with high sensitivity and specificity. This thick porous emulsion coating technology holds promise in addressing hurdles currently restricting the application of electrochemical sensors for point-of-care diagnostics, implantable devices, and other healthcare monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Chan Lee
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeon Song
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hyowon Jang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanul Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Pawan Jolly
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeongi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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6
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Chen P, Cheng C, Yang X, Sha TT, Zou X, Zhang F, Jiang W, Xu Y, Cao X, You YM, Luo Z. Wireless Deep Brain Stimulation by Ultrasound-Responsive Molecular Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25625-25637. [PMID: 38096441 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Implantable neural stimulation devices are becoming prevalent in bioelectronic medicine for the precise treatment of various clinical diseases. Nevertheless, the limited lifespan and buckling size of the implanted devices remain significant obstacles for chronic clinical application. In this study, we developed an ultrasound-driven battery-free neurostimulator based on a high-performance mini-sized nanogenerator and demonstrated its successful application for the deep-brain-stimulation (DBS) therapy of Parkinson's disease in a rat model. This soft piezoelectric-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerators (PTNG) are made of porous thin-films of molecular piezoelectric materials, which have great advantages of facile, scalable, low-temperature, and flexible processing. Without any bucky accessory control circuits, the subcutaneously implanted soft PTNG can function as a wirelessly powered neurostimulator, allowing for the adjustment of stimulation parameters through external programmable ultrasound pulses. This DBS electroceutical application of energy-harvesting thin-film devices based on molecular piezoelectric materials provides valuable insight into the development of a soft high-performance bioelectronic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tai-Ting Sha
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Xianghui Zou
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fuchi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu-Meng You
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Che Z, O'Donovan S, Xiao X, Wan X, Chen G, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Yin J, Chen J. Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Cardiovascular Healthcare. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207600. [PMID: 36759957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant traction in recent years in the bioengineering community. With the potential for expansive applications for biomedical use, many individuals and research groups have furthered their studies on the topic, in order to gain an understanding of how TENGs can contribute to healthcare. More specifically, there have been a number of recent studies focusing on implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (I-TENGs) toward self-powered cardiac systems healthcare. In this review, the progression of implantable TENGs for self-powered cardiovascular healthcare, including self-powered cardiac monitoring devices, self-powered therapeutic devices, and power sources for cardiac pacemakers, will be systematically reviewed. Long-term expectations of these implantable TENG devices through their biocompatibility and other utilization strategies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Che
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah O'Donovan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Wan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xun Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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8
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Sheng H, Jiang L, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Ma H, Bi H, Yuan J, Shao M, Li F, Li W, Xie E, Liu Y, Xie Z, Wang J, Yu C, Lan W. A soft implantable energy supply system that integrates wireless charging and biodegradable Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8083. [PMID: 37967195 PMCID: PMC10651135 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The advent of implantable bioelectronic devices offers prospective solutions toward health monitoring and disease diagnosis and treatments. However, advances in power modules have lagged far behind the tissue-integrated sensor nodes and circuit units. Here, we report a soft implantable power system that monolithically integrates wireless energy transmission and storage modules. The energy storage unit comprises biodegradable Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors that use molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanosheets as cathode, ion-crosslinked alginate gel as electrolyte, and zinc foil as anode, achieving high capacitance (93.5 mF cm-2) and output voltage (1.3 V). Systematic investigations have been conducted to elucidate the charge storage mechanism of the supercapacitor and to assess the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the materials. Furthermore, the wirelessly transmitted energy can not only supply power directly to applications but also charge supercapacitors to ensure a constant, reliable power output. Its power supply capabilities have also been successfully demonstrated for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zongwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yurong Lv
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Huasheng Bi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Mingjiao Shao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenquan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Erqing Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Youdi Liu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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9
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He E, Ren J, Wang L, Li F, Li L, Ye T, Jiao Y, Li D, Wang J, Wang Y, Gao R, Zhang Y. A Mitochondrion-Inspired Magnesium-Oxygen Biobattery with High Energy Density In Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304141. [PMID: 37478834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Implantable batteries are urgently needed as a power source to meet the demands of the next generation of biomedical electronic devices. However, existing implantable batteries suffer from unsatisfactory energy density, hindering the miniaturization of these devices. Here, a mitochondrion-inspired magnesium-oxygen biobattery that achieves both high energy density and biocompatibility in vivo is reported. The resulting biobattery exhibits a recorded energy density of 2517 Wh L-1 /1491 Wh kg-1 based on the total volume/mass of the device in vivo, which is ≈2.5 times higher than the current state-of-the-art, and can adapt to different environments for stable discharges. The volume of the magnesium-oxygen biobattery can be as thin as 0.015 mm3 and can be scaled up to 400 times larger without reducing the energy density. Additionally, it shows a stable biobattery/tissue interface, significantly reducing foreign body reactions. This work presents an effective strategy for the development of high-performance implantable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junye Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lie Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangyan Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luhe Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiding Jiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanzhen Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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10
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Yan B, Zhao Y, Peng H. Tissue-Matchable and Implantable Batteries Toward Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300501. [PMID: 37469190 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Implantable electronic devices can realize real-time and reliable health monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of human body, which are expected to overcome important bottlenecks in the biomedical field. However, the commonly used energy supply devices for them are implantable batteries based on conventional rigid device design with toxic components, which both mechanically and biologically mismatch soft biological tissues. Therefore, the development of highly soft, safe, and implantable tissue-matchable flexible batteries is of great significance and urgency for implantable bioelectronics. In this work, the recent advances of tissue-matchable and implantable flexible batteries are overviewed, focusing on the design strategies of electrodes/batteries and their biomedical applications. The mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and electrochemical performance in vitro and in vivo of these flexible electrodes/batteries are then discussed. Finally, perspectives are provided on the current challenges and possible directions of this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Institute of Flexible Electronics and Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics and Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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11
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Lyu S, He Y, Li X, Wang H, Yao Y, Peng Z, Ding Y, Wang Y. Skin Thermal Management for Subcutaneous Photoelectric Conversion Reaching 500 mW. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306903. [PMID: 37535425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite possessing higher tissue transmittance and maximum permissible exposure power density for skin relative to other electromagnetic waves, second near-infrared light (1000-1350 nm) is scarcely applicable to subcutaneous photoelectric conversion, owing to the companion photothermal effect. Here, skin thermal management is conceived to utmostly utilize the photothermal effect of a photovoltaic cell, which not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency but also eliminates skin hyperthermia. In vivo, the output power can be higher than 500 mW with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 9.4%. This output power is promising to recharge all the clinically applied implantable devices via wireless power transmission, that is, clinical pacemakers (6-200 µW), drug pumps (0.5-2 mW), cochlear (5-40 mW), and wireless endo-photo cameras (≈100 mW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonglin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - HaoYi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yuge Yao
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhimin Peng
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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12
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Van de Steene T, Tanghe E, Martens L, Garripoli C, Stanzione S, Joseph W. Optimal Frequency and Wireless Power Budget for Miniature Receivers in Obese People. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8084. [PMID: 37836914 PMCID: PMC10574982 DOI: 10.3390/s23198084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates wireless power transfer for deep in-body receivers, determining the optimal frequency, power budget, and design for the transmitter and receiver. In particular, the focus is on small, in-body receivers at large depths up to 20 cm for obese patients. This enables long-term monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract for all body types. Numerical simulations are used to investigate power transfer and losses as a function of frequency and to find the optimal design at the selected frequency for an obese body model. From all ISM-frequencies in the investigated range (1 kHz-10 GHz), the value of 13.56 MHz yields the best performance. This optimum corresponds to the transition from dominant copper losses in conductors to dominant losses in conductive tissue. At this frequency, a transmitting and receiving coil are designed consisting of 12 and 23 windings, respectively. With a power transfer efficiency of 2.70×10-5, 18 µW can be received for an input power of 0.68 W while still satisfying exposure guidelines. The power transfer is validated by measurements. For the first time, efficiency values and the power budget are reported for WPT through 20 cm of tissue to mm sized receivers. Compared to WPT at higher frequencies, as commonly used for small receivers, the proposed system is more suitable for WPT to large depths in-body and comes with the advantage that no focusing is required, which can accommodate multiple receivers and uncertainty about receiver location more easily. The received power allows long-term sensing in the gastrointestinal tract by, e.g., temperature, pressure, and pH sensors, motility sensing, or even gastric stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van de Steene
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmeric Tanghe
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Martens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Luo T, Zheng L, Chen D, Zhang C, Liu S, Jiang C, Xie Y, Du D, Zhou W. Implantable microfluidics: methods and applications. Analyst 2023; 148:4637-4654. [PMID: 37698090 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable microfluidics involves integrating microfluidic functionalities into implantable devices, such as medical implants or bioelectronic devices, revolutionizing healthcare by enabling personalized and precise diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and regeneration of targeted tissues or organs. The impact of implantable microfluidics depends heavily on advancements in both methods and applications. Despite significant progress in the past two decades, continuous advancements are still required in fluidic control and manipulation, device miniaturization and integration, biosafety considerations, as well as the development of various application scenarios to address a wide range of healthcare issues. In this review, we discuss advancements in implantable microfluidics, focusing on methods and applications. Regarding methods, we discuss progress made in fluid manipulation, device fabrication, and biosafety considerations in implantable microfluidics. In terms of applications, we review advancements in using implantable microfluidics for drug delivery, diagnostics, tissue engineering, and energy harvesting. The purpose of this review is to expand research ideas for the development of novel implantable microfluidic devices for various healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lican Zheng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Sirui Liu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chongjie Jiang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yu Xie
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Dan Du
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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14
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Wang P, Fu J, Jin P, Zeng J, Miao X, Wang H, Ma Y, Feng X. A soft, bioinspired artificial lymphatic system for interactive ascites transfer. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10567. [PMID: 37693063 PMCID: PMC10486333 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-flow removal of refractory ascites is critical to treating cirrhosis and digestive system tumor, and thus, commercial ascites pump emerged lately. The rigid structure of clinically available pumps rises complication rate and lack of flow rate monitoring hinders early warning of abnormalities. Herein, a soft artificial system was proposed inspired by lymph for interactive ascites transfer with great biocompatibility. The implantable system is composed of pump cavity, valves and tubes, which are soft and flexible made by silica gel. Therefore, the system possesses similar modulus to tissues and can naturally fit surrounding tissues. The cavity with magnetic tablet embedded is driven by extracorporeal magnetic field. Subsequently, the system can drain ascites with a top speed of 23 mL min-1, much higher than that of natural lymphatic system and state-of-art devices. Moreover, integrated flexible sensors enable wireless, real-time flow rate monitoring, serving as proof of treatment adjustment, detection and locating of malfunction at early stage. The liver function of experimental objects was improved, and no severe complications occurred for 4 weeks, which proved its safety and benefit to treatment. This artificial lymphatic system can serve as a bridge to recovery and pave the way for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ji Fu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Peng Jin
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jin Zeng
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaohui Miao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Heling Wang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Yinji Ma
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xue Feng
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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15
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Hua J, Su M, Sun X, Li J, Sun Y, Qiu H, Shi Y, Pan L. Hydrogel-Based Bioelectronics and Their Applications in Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:696. [PMID: 37504095 PMCID: PMC10377104 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Flexible bioelectronics exhibit promising potential for health monitoring, owing to their soft and stretchable nature. However, the simultaneous improvement of mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and signal-to-noise ratio of these devices for health monitoring poses a significant challenge. Hydrogels, with their loose three-dimensional network structure that encapsulates massive amounts of water, are a potential solution. Through the incorporation of polymers or conductive fillers into the hydrogel and special preparation methods, hydrogels can achieve a unification of excellent properties such as mechanical properties, self-healing, adhesion, and biocompatibility, making them a hot material for health monitoring bioelectronics. Currently, hydrogel-based bioelectronics can be used to fabricate flexible bioelectronics for motion, bioelectric, and biomolecular acquisition for human health monitoring and further clinical applications. This review focuses on materials, devices, and applications for hydrogel-based bioelectronics. The main material properties and research advances of hydrogels for health monitoring bioelectronics are summarized firstly. Then, we provide a focused discussion on hydrogel-based bioelectronics for health monitoring, which are classified as skin-attachable, implantable, or semi-implantable depending on the depth of penetration and the location of the device. Finally, future challenges and opportunities of hydrogel-based bioelectronics for health monitoring are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Hua
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mengrui Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xidi Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuqiong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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16
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Shao M, Sheng H, Lin L, Ma H, Wang Q, Yuan J, Zhang X, Chen G, Li W, Su Q, Xie E, Wang J, Zhang Z, Lan W. High-Performance Biodegradable Energy Storage Devices Enabled by Heterostructured MoO 3 -MoS 2 Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205529. [PMID: 36508711 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable implantable devices are of growing interest in biosensors and bioelectronics. One of the key unresolved challenges is the availability of power supply. To enable biodegradable energy-storage devices, herein, 2D heterostructured MoO3 -MoS2 nanosheet arrays are synthesized on water-soluble Mo foil, showing a high areal capacitance of 164.38 mF cm-2 (at 0.5 mA cm-2 ). Employing the MoO3 -MoS2 composite as electrodes of a symmetric supercapacitor, an asymmetric Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor, and an Mg primary battery are demonstrated. Benefiting from the advantages of MoO3 -MoS2 heterostructure, the Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors deliver a high areal capacitance (181.86 mF cm-2 at 0.5 mA cm-2 ) and energy density (30.56 µWh cm-2 ), and the Mg primary batteries provide a stable high output voltage (≈1.6 V) and a long working life in air/liquid environment. All of the used materials exhibit desirable biocompatibility, and these fabricated devices are also fully biodegradable. Demonstration experiments display their potential applications as biodegradable power sources for various electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Shao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hongwei Sheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Liqi Lin
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Wenquan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Qing Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Erqing Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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17
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Jia X, Ma X, Zhao L, Xin M, Hao Y, Sun P, Wang C, Chao D, Liu F, Wang C, Lu G, Wallace G. A biocompatible and fully erodible conducting polymer enables implanted rechargeable Zn batteries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2123-2130. [PMID: 36845924 PMCID: PMC9944696 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06342e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Implanted rechargeable batteries that can provide energy over a sufficient lifetime and ultimately degrade into non-toxic byproducts are highly desirable. However, their advancement is significantly impeded by the limited toolbox of electrode materials with a known biodegradation profile and high cycling stability. Here we report biocompatible, erodible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) grafted with hydrolyzable carboxylic acid pendants. This molecular arrangement combines the pseudocapacitive charge storage from the conjugated backbones and dissolution via hydrolyzable side chains. It demonstrates complete erosion under aqueous conditions in a pH-dependent manner with a predetermined lifetime. The compact rechargeable Zn battery with a gel electrolyte offers a specific capacity of 31.8 mA h g-1 (57% of theoretical capacity) and outstanding cycling stability (78% capacity retention over 4000 cycles at 0.5 A g-1). Subcutaneous implantation of this Zn battery into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats demonstrates complete biodegradation in vivo and biocompatibility. This molecular engineering strategy presents a viable avenue for developing implantable conducting polymers with a predetermined degradation profile and high energy storage capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xuenan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University130021China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University130021China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Danming Chao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China .,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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18
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Shafique H, de Vries J, Strauss J, Khorrami Jahromi A, Siavash Moakhar R, Mahshid S. Advances in the Translation of Electrochemical Hydrogel-Based Sensors. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201501. [PMID: 36300601 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel biomaterials for bio- and chemical sensing applications have gained considerable traction in the diagnostic community with rising trends of using biocompatible and lowly cytotoxic material. Hydrogel-based electrochemical sensors have become a promising candidate for their swellable, nano-/microporous, and aqueous 3D structures capable of immobilizing catalytic enzymes, electroactive species, whole cells, and complex tissue models, while maintaining tunable mechanical properties in wearable and implantable applications. With advances in highly controllable fabrication and processability of these novel biomaterials, the possibility of bio-nanocomposite hydrogel-based electrochemical sensing presents a paradigm shift in the development of biocompatible, "smart," and sensitive health monitoring point-of-care devices. Here, recent advances in electrochemical hydrogels for the detection of biomarkers in vitro, in situ, and in vivo are briefly reviewed to demonstrate their applicability in ideal conditions, in complex cellular environments, and in live animal models, respectively, to provide a comprehensive assessment of whether these biomaterials are ready for point-of-care translation and biointegration. Sensors based on conductive and nonconductive polymers are presented, with highlights of nano-/microstructured electrodes that provide enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in biocompatible matrices. An outlook on current challenges that shall be addressed for the realization of truly continuous real-time sensing platforms is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Shafique
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Justin de Vries
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Julia Strauss
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | | | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
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19
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Proto A, Rufer L, Basrour S, Penhaker M. Modeling and Measurement of an Ultrasound Power Delivery System for Charging Implantable Devices Using an AlN-Based pMUT as Receiver. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2127. [PMID: 36557427 PMCID: PMC9788435 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound power delivery can be considered a convenient technique for charging implantable medical devices. In this work, an intra-body system has been modeled to characterize the phenomenon of ultrasound power transmission. The proposed system comprises a Langevin transducer as transmitter and an AlN-based square piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducer as receiver. The medium layers, in which elastic waves propagate, were made by polydimethylsiloxane to mimic human tissue and stainless steel to replace the case of the implantable device. To characterize the behavior of the transducers, measurements of impedance and phase, velocity and displacement, and acoustic pressure field were carried out in the experimental activity. Then, voltage and power output were measured to analyze the performance of the ultrasound power delivery system. For a root mean square voltage input of approximately 35 V, the power density resulted in 21.6 µW cm-2. Such a result corresponds to the data obtained with simulation through a one-dimensional lumped parameter transmission line model. The methodology proposed to develop the ultrasound power delivery (UPD) system, as well as the use of non-toxic materials for the fabrication of the intra-body elements, are a valid design approach to raise awareness of using wireless power transfer techniques for charging implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Proto
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 2172/15, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Rufer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Skandar Basrour
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marek Penhaker
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 2172/15, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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20
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Conductive fibers for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:343-364. [PMID: 36311045 PMCID: PMC9588989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectricity has been stated as a key factor in regulating cell activity and tissue function in electroactive tissues. Thus, various biomedical electronic constructs have been developed to interfere with cell behaviors to promote tissue regeneration, or to interface with cells or tissue/organ surfaces to acquire physiological status via electrical signals. Benefiting from the outstanding advantages of flexibility, structural diversity, customizable mechanical properties, and tunable distribution of conductive components, conductive fibers are able to avoid the damage-inducing mechanical mismatch between the construct and the biological environment, in return to ensure stable functioning of such constructs during physiological deformation. Herein, this review starts by presenting current fabrication technologies of conductive fibers including wet spinning, microfluidic spinning, electrospinning and 3D printing as well as surface modification on fibers and fiber assemblies. To provide an update on the biomedical applications of conductive fibers and fiber assemblies, we further elaborate conductive fibrous constructs utilized in tissue engineering and regeneration, implantable healthcare bioelectronics, and wearable healthcare bioelectronics. To conclude, current challenges and future perspectives of biomedical electronic constructs built by conductive fibers are discussed.
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Gai Y, Wang E, Liu M, Xie L, Bai Y, Yang Y, Xue J, Qu X, Xi Y, Li L, Luo D, Li Z. A Self-Powered Wearable Sensor for Continuous Wireless Sweat Monitoring. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200653. [PMID: 36074976 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wireless wearable sweat analysis devices can monitor biomarkers at the molecular level continuously and in situ, which is highly desired for personalized health care. The miniaturization, integration, and wireless operation of sweat sensors improve the comfort and convenience while also bringing forward new challenges for power supply technology. Herein, a wireless self-powered wearable sweat analysis system (SWSAS) is designed that effectively converts the mechanical energy of human motion into electricity through hybrid nanogenerator modules (HNGMs). The HNGM shows stable output characteristics at low frequency with a current of 15 mA and a voltage of 60 V. Through real-time on-body sweat analysis powered by HNGM, the SWSAS is demonstrated to selectively monitor biomarkers (Na+ and K+ ) in sweat and wirelessly transmit the sensing data to the user interface via Bluetooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Gai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Engui Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lirong Xie
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Bai
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiangtao Xue
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuecheng Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Xi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linlin Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dan Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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22
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Owida HA, Al-Ayyad M, Al-Nabulsi JI. Emerging Development of Auto-Charging Sensors for Respiration Monitoring. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:7098989. [PMID: 36071953 PMCID: PMC9444417 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7098989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of biomedical monitoring systems, including respiration monitoring systems, has been accelerated. Wearable and implantable medical devices are becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and management of disease and illness. Respiration can be monitored using a variety of biosensors and systems. Auto-charged sensors have a number of advantages, including low cost, ease of preparation, design flexibility, and a wide range of applications. It is possible to use the auto-charged sensors to directly convert mechanical energy from the airflow into electricity. The ability to monitor and diagnose one's own health is a major goal of auto-charged sensors and systems. Respiratory disease model output signals have not been thoroughly investigated and clearly understood. As a result, figuring out their exact interrelationship is a difficult and important research question. This review summarized recent developments in auto-charged respiratory sensors and systems in terms of their device principle, output property, detecting index, and so on. Researchers with an interest in auto-charged sensors can use the information presented here to better understand the difficulties and opportunities that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Abu Owida
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Al-Ayyad
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Jamal I. Al-Nabulsi
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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23
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Finkelstein‐Zuta G, Shitrit R, Gilead S, Rencus‐Lazar S, Gazit E. Controlled Deposition of a Functional Piezoelectric Ultra‐Aromatic Peptide Layer. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gal Finkelstein‐Zuta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Rotem Shitrit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Sharon Gilead
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Sigal Rencus‐Lazar
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
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24
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Li B, Liu S, Xu X, Yang H, Zhou Y, Yang D, Zhang Y, Li J. Grape‐clustered polyaniline grafted with carbon nanotube woven film as a flexible electrode material for supercapacitors. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Shi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Xixi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Haicun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Yinjie Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Pan Asian Microvent Tech (Jiangsu) Corporation Changzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Film Materials Changzhou China
| | - Jinchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials Changzhou University Changzhou China
- Changzhou University National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High‐Quality Utilization Changzhou China
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Advanced Implantable Biomedical Devices Enabled by Triboelectric Nanogenerators. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081366. [PMID: 35458075 PMCID: PMC9032723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Implantable biomedical devices (IMDs) play essential roles in healthcare. Subject to the limited battery life, IMDs cannot achieve long-term in situ monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. The proposal and rapid development of triboelectric nanogenerators free IMDs from the shackles of batteries and spawn a self-powered healthcare system. This review aims to overview the development of IMDs based on triboelectric nanogenerators, divided into self-powered biosensors, in vivo energy harvesting devices, and direct electrical stimulation therapy devices. Meanwhile, future challenges and opportunities are discussed according to the development requirements of current-level self-powered IMDs to enhance output performance, develop advanced triboelectric nanogenerators with multifunctional materials, and self-driven close-looped diagnosis and treatment systems.
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Abstract
Bio-photonic devices that utilize the interaction between light and biological substances have been emerging as an important tool for clinical diagnosis and/or therapy. At the same time, implanted biodegradable photonic devices can be disintegrated and resorbed after a predefined operational period, thus avoiding the risk and cost associated with the secondary surgical extraction. In this paper, the recent progress on biodegradable photonics is reviewed, with a focus on material strategies, device architectures and their biomedical applications. We begin with a brief introduction of biodegradable photonics, followed by the material strategies for constructing biodegradable photonic devices. Then, various types of biodegradable photonic devices with different functionalities are described. After that, several demonstration examples for applications in intracranial pressure monitoring, biochemical sensing and drug delivery are presented, revealing the great potential of biodegradable photonics in the monitoring of human health status and the treatment of human diseases. We then conclude with the summary of this field, as well as current challenges and possible future directions.
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