1
|
Yang M, Xu Y, Cheng Q, He Y, Xu Z, Mu C, Ge L, Li D. Injectable Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel with Glucose Responsiveness as an Immunoregulatory Platform for Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025. [PMID: 40402095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c06112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
Persistent excessive inflammatory response in diabetic wounds caused by the imbalance of the immune microenvironment leads to delayed or nonhealing of the wounds. Timely attenuation of inflammation through immunoregulation is a crucial strategy to accelerate diabetic wound closure. Here, the protocatechuic acid (PCA)- and deferoxamine (DFO)-loaded polysaccharide-based immunoregulatory hydrogel (POCP@D) was developed by the dual-cross-linking strategy of borate ester bonds and imine bonds to promote advanced healing of full-thickness diabetic wounds. The POCP@D hydrogel showed good tissue adhesiveness property, flexibility, mechanical strength, injectability, self-healing, and glucose-responsive drug release properties, besides strong broad-spectrum antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The POCP@D hydrogel acted as an immunoregulatory platform to remold the in vivo immune microenvironment of diabetic wounds by regulating the M2-type macrophage polarization and timely relieving wound inflammation, thus promoting collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and the development of diabetic wounds from the inflammatory stage to the proliferative stage and ultimately achieving high-quality skin tissue regeneration. Overall, our developed immunoregulatory hydrogel held great potential for refractory diabetic wound therapy in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
| | - Qingsu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Yiruo He
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhilang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang K, Sun H, Qian Y, Shen J, Zhang Z. Protein-Based Multifunctional Hydrogel Adhesive for Wound Healing. Macromol Biosci 2025:e00205. [PMID: 40394968 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and highly orchestrated biological process that encompasses four distinct stages including: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each stage is characterized by specific physiological responses and tissue repair mechanisms that collectively facilitate the restoration of tissue integrity. To achieve comprehensive wound management, the development of targeted hydrogel bioadhesives is of paramount importance. Hydrogel-based bioadhesives, characterized by their excellent physical properties and biocompatibility, have demonstrated significant potential in the field of wound treatment. However, the current research on protein-based hydrogel bioadhesives for wound healing remains limited. This review systematically examines the design principles of ideal hydrogel bioadhesives and their essential functions in wound repair. It provides an overview of the latest advancements multifunctional hydrogel bioadhesives derived from various proteins, including collagen, silk fibroin (SF), sericin, fibrin, gelatin (Gel), keratin, and casein. It also evaluates their performance in practical applications. Finally, the review highlights the primary challenges facing protein-based hydrogel bioadhesives in the field of wound healing and outlines prospective research directions, with the goal of advancing the development and clinical application of these technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Pump and Valve Engineering Research Institute, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Heyuan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Pump and Valve Engineering Research Institute, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yuna Qian
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhongke Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- Wenzhou Pump and Valve Engineering Research Institute, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang S, Zhou Q, Zhou M, Li C, Xu H, Tang H, Zhang W, Guo R, Wei X, Zhang R. Dual-step photo-induced self-assembled hydrogel for endogenous oral mucosal wound healing. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2025; 14:186. [PMID: 40368885 PMCID: PMC12078718 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
By introducing piezoelectric materials into hydrogel oral dressings, a microelectric field could be generated under stress stimulation, thus facilitating oral wound healing. However, to adapt to the moist and dynamic environment of the oral cavity, traditional "step-by-step" synthesis often requires the combination of materials with different functionalities. Given the property differences between these materials, this strategy typically involves complex experimental procedures and unnecessary energy consumption. In this study, with the concept of "integrated construction", we innovatively proposed a dual-step photo-induced method and successfully fabricated composite hydrogels with excellent performance. We introduced abundant oxygen vacancies into ZnO, leveraging the enhanced interface dynamics to achieve sustained photo-induced effect. With a double-network polymer framework as a template, this method could achieve the photo-induced spontaneous in-situ synthesis of polydopamine (PDA) within hydrogel without any extra special experimental conditions and complex operation procedures. We conducted a thorough analysis of the mechanism underlying this photo-induced method and applied the as-prepared hydrogel for the treatment of oral wounds, which significantly accelerated the healing process due to the outstanding comprehensive performance of hydrogel. These results suggest novel ideas and theoretical support for the facile construction of high-performance hydrogels based on photodynamic principles, demonstrating immense potential for future applications in wound dressings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Fang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Huaxing Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Hongyu Tang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo S, Yang M, Xu Z, Ge L, Mu C, Li D. Sandwich-like chitosan/collagen barrier membrane with passivated magnesium mesh as the skeleton. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 308:142590. [PMID: 40164252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Revised: 03/23/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is a standard therapy for reconstructing alveolar bone defects clinically, with the GBR membrane serving as the key medical device in this technique. However, the most commonly used collagen barrier membranes usually have poor mechanical properties and are prone to collapse during clinical use. Herein, a sandwich-like barrier membrane was developed with crosslinked chitosan as dense layer, crosslinked collagen as loose layer and passivated magnesium mesh as the skeleton. Surface modification has improved the corrosion resistance of magnesium mesh. Thanks to the introduction of magnesium mesh skeleton and crosslinking modification, the mechanical properties and supporting effects of barrier membrane have been improved. The dense layer of barrier membrane showed dense structure while the loose layer showed porous structure as expected. The barrier membrane showed good antibacterial performance against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria owing to the antibacterial activity of chitosan and the added chlorhexidine acetate. Furthermore, the barrier membrane met the requirements of biocompatibility for implanted biomaterials. Interestingly, the barrier membrane had good anti-inflammatory activity to accelerate the transition from inflammatory to proliferative stage and can promote osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Overall, the sandwich-like barrier membrane has a wide application prospect to guide bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Minxuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhilang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu J, Xia F, Wang S, Guan Y, Hu F, Yu F. Recent advances in nanomaterials and their mechanisms for infected wounds management. Mater Today Bio 2025; 31:101553. [PMID: 40182659 PMCID: PMC11966735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Wounds infected by bacteria pose a considerable challenge in the field of healthcare, particularly with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Traditional antibiotics often fail to achieve effective results due to limited penetration, resistance development, and inadequate local concentration at wound sites. These limitations necessitate the exploration of alternative strategies that can overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapies. Nanomaterials have emerged as a promising solution for tackling bacterial infections and facilitating wound healing, thanks to their distinct physicochemical characteristics and multifunctional capabilities. This review highlights the latest developments in nanomaterials that demonstrated enhanced antibacterial efficacy and improved wound healing outcomes. The antibacterial mechanisms of nanomaterials are varied, including ion release, chemodynamic therapy, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, electrostatic interactions, and delivery of antibacterial drugs, which not only combat bacterial infections but also address the challenges posed by biofilms and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, these nanomaterials create an optimal environment for tissue regeneration, promoting faster wound closure. By leveraging the unique attributes of nanomaterials, there is a significant opportunity to revolutionize the management of infected wounds and markedly improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Shuaifei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yan Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangying Yu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ullah S, Zainol I. Fabrication and applications of biofunctional collagen biomaterials in tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 298:139952. [PMID: 39824416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/20/2025]
Abstract
Collagen is extensively used in tissue engineering for various organ tissue regeneration due to the main component of human organ extracellular matrix (ECM) and their inherent nature bioactivity. Collagen various types naturally exist in different organ ECMs. Collagen fabricated with natural ECM mimics architecture, composition and mechanical properties for various organ tissue regeneration. Collagen fabrication with organ-specific biofunctionality facilitated organ tissue engineering as compared to unmodified collagen biomaterials. Collagen biofunctionality improved by subjecting collagen to synthesis, fibers and surface modifications, and blending with other components. Furthermore, collagen is loaded with bioactive molecules, growth factors, drugs and cells also enhancing the biofunctionality of collagen biomaterials. In this review, we will explore the recent advancements in biofunctional collagen biomaterials fabrication with organ-specific biofunctionality in tissue engineering to resolve various organ tissue engineering issues and regeneration challenges. Biofunctional collagen biomaterials stimulate microenvironments inside and around the implants to excellently regulate cellular activities, differentiate cells into organ native cells, enhanced ECM production and remodeling to regenerate organ tissues with native structure, function and maturation. This review critically explored biofunctional collagen biomaterials fabrication in resolving various organ tissue engineering issues and regeneration challenges, and opening new directions of biofunctional collagen biomaterials fabrication, design and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ullah
- Polymer Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Ismail Zainol
- Polymer Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghouri I, Demir M, Khan SA, Mansoor MA, Iqbal M. Unveiling the Potential of Protein-Based Sustainable Antibacterial Materials. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2025; 17:737-762. [PMID: 39422822 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
The surge in bacterial growth and the escalating resistance against a multitude of antibiotic drugs have burgeoned into an alarming global threat, necessitating urgent and innovative interventions. In response to this peril, scientists have embarked on the development of advanced biocompatible antibacterial materials, aiming to counteract not only bacterial infections but also the pervasive issue of food spoilage resulting from microbial proliferation. Protein-based biopolymers and their meticulously engineered composites are at the forefront of this endeavor. Their potential in combating this severe global concern presents an approach that intersects the domains of biomedicine and environmental science. The present review article delves into the intricate extraction processes employed to derive various proteins from their natural sources, unraveling the complex biochemical pathways that underpin their antibacterial properties. Expanding on the foundational knowledge, the review also provides a comprehensive synthesis of functionalized proteins modified to enhance their antibacterial efficacy, unveiling a realm of possibilities for tailoring solutions to specific biomedical and environmental applications. The present review navigates through their antibacterial applications; from wound dressings to packaging materials with inherent antibacterial properties, the potential applications underscore the versatility and adaptability of these materials. Moreover, this comprehensive review serves as a valuable roadmap, guiding future research endeavors in reshaping the landscape of natural antibacterial materials on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ghouri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muslum Demir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
- Materials Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adil Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Z, Lu D, Sun S, Cai M, Lin L, Zhu M. Material Design, Fabrication Strategies, and the Development of Multifunctional Hydrogel Composites Dressings for Skin Wound Management. Biomacromolecules 2025; 26:1419-1460. [PMID: 39960380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2025]
Abstract
The skin is fragile, making it very vulnerable to damage and injury. Untreated skin wounds can pose a serious threat to human health. Three-dimensional polymer network hydrogels have broad application prospects in skin wound dressings due to their unique properties and structure. The therapeutic effect of traditional hydrogels is limited, while multifunctional composite hydrogels show greater potential. Multifunctional hydrogels can regulate wound moisture through formula adjustment. Moreover, hydrogels can be combined with bioactive ingredients to improve their performance in wound healing applications. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels can respond specifically to the wound environment and meet the needs of different wound healing stages. This review summarizes the material types, structure, properties, design considerations, and formulation strategies for multifunctional hydrogel composite dressings used in wound healing. We discuss various types of recently developed hydrogel dressings, highlights the importance of tailoring their physicochemical properties, and addresses potential challenges in preparing multifunctional hydrogel wound dressings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, PR China
| | - Shuo Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Manqi Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Medical Imaging Equipment, Dongguan 523808, PR China
- Songshan Lake Innovation Center of Medicine & Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Mingning Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Medical Imaging Equipment, Dongguan 523808, PR China
- Songshan Lake Innovation Center of Medicine & Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong K, Lin W, Zhu T, Sun S, Zhang C, Xu C, Cao F, Chen X. NIR-Actuated Botanicals/Nanozymes Nanofibrous Membranes for Antibiotic-Free Triple-Synergistic Therapy Against Polymicrobial Wound Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2401657. [PMID: 39402765 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
Polymicrobial wound infection represents a significant contributor to infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality globally. Traditionally, the management of such infection relies heavily on high doses of antibiotics, often resulting in systemic side effects and exacerbating antibiotic resistance. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective platform for antibiotic-free treatment of polymicrobial wound infections. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) light-actuated nanofibrous membrane incorporating botanicals and nanozymes is presented for antibiotic-free triple-synergistic therapy against polymicrobial wound infections. The membrane integrates berberine hydrochloride (BBH)-loaded hollow zinc-doped carbon nanocubes into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membranes. Upon low-intensity 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (0.3 W cm-2), the membrane achieved a controlled release of BBH and enhanced peroxidase-like (POD-like) enzyme activity. This NIR light-actuated botanical/photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) system demonstrated high efficacy in eradicating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it mitigated inflammation and promoted wound healing in polymicrobial infection wounds, highlighting its potential as a promising alternative to antibiotic-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wenbo Lin
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shuwen Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian S, Bian W. Advanced biomaterials in pressure ulcer prevention and care: from basic research to clinical practice. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2025; 13:1535588. [PMID: 40035022 PMCID: PMC11872921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1535588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcers are a common and serious medical condition. Conventional treatment methods often fall short in addressing the complexities of prevention and care. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in advanced biomaterials for pressure ulcer management, emphasizing their potential to overcome these limitations. The study highlights the roles of biomaterials in enhancing wound healing, preventing infections, and accelerating recovery. Specific focus is placed on the innovation and application of multi-functional composite materials, intelligent systems, and personalized solutions. Future research should prioritize interdisciplinary collaboration to facilitate the clinical translation of these materials, providing more effective and tailored treatment approaches. These advancements aim to improve the quality of life and health outcomes for patients by offering more reliable, efficient, and patient-specific therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Tian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Q, Zhang Z, Yin J, Shen L, Zhu L, Redshaw C, Zhang Q. Block cationic copolymer/quaternary ammonium chitosan-based composite antibacterial hydrogel dressings with NIR photothermal effects for bacteria-infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 288:138716. [PMID: 39672433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
Wound infections caused by pathogenic bacteria can cause delayed wound healing and even threaten the life of patients. Drug resistance and effectiveness with regard to traditional wound dressings have become urgent issues which need to be addressed. The antibacterial effect of hydrogels, as novel wound dressings, is through contact-active antibacterial was limited by the contact area and time. In this paper, MXene (a 2D carbonitride) has been employed as the substrate and via the in-situ reduction of silver nanoparticles and the polymerization of dopamine on its surface the photothermal agent MXene-Ag-PDA was obtained. This was then introduced into the hydrogel matrix via the block cationic polymer (AM-VBIMBr-AAPBA), oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and quaternary ammonium chitosan (HACC). Multifunctional composite hydrogels (PNVAO/M-A-P) possessing photo-thermal effects and inherent antibacterial activity were obtained after crosslinking, and were employed as medical materials to promote the healing of infected wounds. The cationic groups contained in the PNVAO/M-A-P were capable of capturing and killing bacteria by electrostatic interactions, and produced local heat killing adsorption and residual bacteria in the surrounding solution under NIR irradiation, thereby shortening the antibacterial cycle and improving the sterilization efficiency. Meanwhile, the introduction of glycerin in the hydrogel improved its anti-freezing and anti-drying properties, enabling the hydrogel to function stably under extreme environments. PNVAO/M-A-P composite hydrogels based on chemical and dynamic crosslinking exhibited the desired mechanical strength, and via their self-healing ability can adapt to dynamic wounds. The hydrogel dressing showed excellent anti-freezing and anti-drying properties, high bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption capacity (308.17 mg·g-1), good biocompatibility (the cell viability exceeded 100 % after 48 h of incubation), antioxidant properties and excellent antibacterial activity (the sterilization rate can reach 99.9 %). Furthermore, the hydrogel was applied to infected wound treatment and was able to control the wound infection, reduce pro-inflammatory factor production, promote collagen deposition and neovascularization formation, and thus promote wound healing. Therefore, multifunctional composite hydrogels with synergistic antibacterial effects can be used as an novel dressing for the treatment of bacterial infected wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Biology and Engineering (School of Health Medicine Modern Industry), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jiang Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Lingli Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull Hu6 7RX, UK
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo W, Ren L, Hu B, Zhang H, Yang Z, Jin L, Zhang D. Recent Development of Fibrous Hydrogels: Properties, Applications and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2408657. [PMID: 39530645 PMCID: PMC11714238 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202408657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibrous hydrogels (FGs), characterized by a 3D network structure made from prefabricated fibers, fibrils and polymeric materials, have emerged as significant materials in numerous fields. However, the challenge of balancing mechanical properties and functions hinders their further development. This article reviews the main advantages of FGs, including enhanced mechanical properties, high conductivity, high antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, stimulus responsiveness, and an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like structure. It also discusses the influence of assembly methods, such as fiber cross-linking, interfacial treatments of fibers with hydrogel matrices, and supramolecular assembly, on the diverse functionalities of FGs. Furthermore, the mechanisms for improving the performance of the above five aspects are discussed, such as creating ion carrier channels for conductivity, in situ gelation of drugs to enhance antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and entanglement and hydrophobic interactions between fibers, resulting in ECM-like structured FGs. In addition, this review addresses the application of FGs in sensors, dressings, and tissue scaffolds based on the synergistic effects of optimizing the performance. Finally, challenges and future applications of FGs are discussed, providing a theoretical foundation and new insights for the design and application of cutting-edge FGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of HenanHenan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional MaterialsZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou466001P. R. China
| | - Liujiao Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of HenanHenan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional MaterialsZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou466001P. R. China
| | - Huali Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of HenanHenan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional MaterialsZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou466001P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityHangzhou311200P. R. China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of HenanHenan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional MaterialsZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou466001P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyBiomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nur MG, Rahman M, Dip TM, Hossain MH, Hossain NB, Baratchi S, Padhye R, Houshyar S. Recent advances in bioactive wound dressings. Wound Repair Regen 2025; 33:e13233. [PMID: 39543919 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Traditional wound dressings, despite their widespread use, face limitations, such as poor infection control and insufficient healing promotion. To address these challenges, bioactive materials have emerged as a promising solution in wound care. This comprehensive review explores the latest developments in wound healing technologies, starting with an overview of the importance of effective wound management, emphasising the need for advanced bioactive wound dressings. The review further explores various bioactive materials, defining their characteristics. It covers a wide range of natural and synthetic biopolymers used to develop bioactive wound dressings. Next, the paper discusses the incorporation of bioactive agents into wound dressings, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, alongside regenerative components like growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin and stem cells. The review also covers fabrication techniques for bioactive wound dressings, highlighting techniques like electrospinning, which facilitated the production of nanofibre-based dressings with controlled porosity, the sol-gel method for developing bioactive glass-based dressings, and 3D bioprinting for customised, patient-specific dressings. The review concludes by addressing the challenges and future perspectives in bioactive wound dressing development. It includes regulatory considerations, clinical efficacy, patient care protocol integration and wound healing progress monitoring. Furthermore, the review considers emerging trends such as smart materials, sensors and personalised medicine approaches, offering insights into the future direction of bioactive wound dressing research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Nur
- Center for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Textiles, Ministry of Textiles and Jute, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafijur Rahman
- Center for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Dyes and Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahady Dip
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Yarn Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasibul Hossain
- Department of Textile Engineering, International Standard University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Binta Hossain
- TJX Australia Pty Limited, Preston, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Environmental Science & Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajiv Padhye
- Center for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tian R, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Yang S, Jiang L, Sui X. Sacrificial hydrogen bonds enhance the performance of covalently crosslinked composite films derived from soy protein isolate and dialdehyde starch. Food Chem 2024; 456:140055. [PMID: 38876072 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Soy protein films have the advantage of being eco-friendly and renewable, but their practical applications are hindered by the mechanical properties. The exceptional tensile strength and fracture toughness of natural silk stem from sacrificial hydrogen bonds it contains that effectively dissipates energy. In this study, we draw inspiration from silk's structural principles to create biodegradable films based on soy protein isolate (SPI). Notably, composite films containing sodium lignosulfonate (LS) demonstrate exceptional strain at break (up to 153%) due to the augmentation of reversible hydrogen bonding, contrasted to films with the addition of solely dialdehyde starch (DAS). The enhancement of tensile strength is realized through a combination of Schiff base cross-linking and sacrificial hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the incorporation of LS markedly improves the films' ultraviolet (UV) blocking capabilities and hydrophobicity. This innovative design strategy holds great promise for advancing the production of eco-friendly SPI-based films that combine strength and toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tian
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yidan Fu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuyuan Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiaonan Sui
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bui HTD, You G, Lee M, Mao W, So C, Byeon C, Hong S, Mok H, Yoo HS. Milk exosome-infused fibrous matrix for treatment of acute wound. J Control Release 2024; 376:79-93. [PMID: 39366455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
To provide an advanced therapy for wound recovery, in this study, pasteurized bovine milk-derived exosomes (mEXO) are immobilized onto a polydopamine (PDA)-coated hyaluronic acid (HA)-based electrospun nanofibrous matrix (mEXO@PMAT) via a simple dip-coating method to formulate an mEXO-immobilized mesh as a wound-healing biomaterial. Purified mEXOs (∼82 nm) contain various anti-inflammatory, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis-related microRNAs (miRNAs), including let-7b, miR-184, and miR-181a, which elicit elevated mRNA expression of keratin5, keratin14, and collagen1 in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (HDF). The mEXOs immobilized onto the PDA-coated meshes are gradually released from the meshes over 14 days without burst-out effect. After treatment with HaCaT and HDF, the degree of in vitro cell migration increases significantly in the mEXO@PMAT-treated HaCaT and HDF cells compared to the unmodified or PDA-coated meshes-treated cells. Additionally, the mEXO@PMAT provides significantly faster wound closure in vivo without notable toxicity. Thus, the sustained liberation of bioactive mEXO from the meshes can effectively enhance cell proliferation in vitro and accelerate wound closure in vivo, which could be harnessed mEXO@PMAT as a promising wound-healing biomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoai-Thuong Duc Bui
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon You
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Lee
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon So
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chorok Byeon
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonki Hong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wen S, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Cao D, Liu M, Yang H, Zhang W. Multifunctional Nanofiber Membranes Constructed by Microfluidic Blow-Spinning to Inhibit Scar Formation at Early Intervention Stage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:53042-53059. [PMID: 39298643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Pathological scarring has been a challenge in skin injury repair since ancient times, and prophylactic treatment in the early stages of wound healing usually results in delayed wound healing. In this study, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and chitosan (CTS) were used as carrier materials to construct multifunctional pirfenidone (PFD)/CTS/PEO (PCP) nanofiber membranes (NFMs) loaded with PFD by microfluidic blow-spinning (MBS). MBS is a good method for quickly, safely, and greenly constructing large-area manufacturing of inexpensive NFMs. PCP NFMs were uniform in external morphology, with diameters ranging from 200 to 500 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug-loaded PCP NFMs was above 80%, which had a good slow release, visualization, water absorption, and biocompatibility. The inhibitory effect of PCP NFMs on normal human dermal fibroblasts was dose-dependent and inhibited the expression of the transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD family member 3 (TGF-β1/SMAD3) signaling pathway. PCP NFMs showed significant antibacterial effects against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the rabbit ear scar experiment, the wound healed about 70% on day 5 and almost completely on day 10 after PCP-3 NFMs treatment, with the thinnest scar tissue, skin color, tenderness close to normal tissue, and a Vancouver scar scale score of less than 5. PCP-3 NFMs had good effects on anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and collagen-I deposition reducing effects. In conclusion, PCP-3 NFMs can both promote wound healing and intervene to inhibit pathological scarring in advance, making them a potential multifunctional wound dressing for early prevention and treatment of pathological scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiu Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Hanqiang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Dadong Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Hongming Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Weifen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jin S, Mia R, Newton MAA, Cheng H, Gao W, Zheng Y, Dai Z, Zhu J. Nanofiber-reinforced self-healing polysaccharide-based hydrogel dressings for pH discoloration monitoring and treatment of infected wounds. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122209. [PMID: 38823899 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The escalating global health concern arises from chronic wounds induced by bacterial infections, posing a significant threat to individuals. Consequently, an imperative exist for the development of hydrogel dressings to facilitate prompt wound monitoring and efficacious wound management. To this end, pH-sensitive bromothymol blue (BTB) and pH-responsive drug tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) were introduced into the polysaccharide-based hydrogel to realize the integration of wound monitoring and controlled treatment. Polysaccharide-based hydrogels were formed via a Schiff base reaction by cross-linking carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on an oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) skeleton. BTB was used as a pH indicator to monitor wound infection through visual color changes visually. TH could be dynamically released through the pH response of the Schiff base bond to provide effective treatment and long-term antibacterial activity for chronically infected wounds. In addition, introducing polylactic acid nanofibers (PLA) enhanced the mechanical properties of hydrogels. The multifunctional hydrogel has excellent mechanical, self-healing, injectable, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the multifaceted hydrogel dressing under consideration exhibits noteworthy capabilities in fostering the healing process of chronically infected wounds. Consequently, the research contributes novel perspectives towards the advancement of intelligent and expeditious bacterial infection monitoring and dynamic treatment platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rajib Mia
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Md All Amin Newton
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongju Cheng
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weihong Gao
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuansheng Zheng
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zijian Dai
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao J, Li T, Yue Y, Li X, Xie Z, Zhang H, Tian X. Advancements in employing two-dimensional nanomaterials for enhancing skin wound healing: a review of current practice. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:520. [PMID: 39210430 PMCID: PMC11363430 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The two-dimensional nanomaterials are characterized by their ultra-thin structure, diverse chemical functional groups, and remarkable anisotropic properties. Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has attracted significant scientific interest due to its potential applications in various fields, including electronics, energy systems, and biomedicine. In medicine, graphene is used for designing smart drug delivery systems, especially for antibiotics, and biosensing. Skin trauma is a prevalent dermatological condition that increasingly contributes to morbidities and mortalities, thus representing a significant health burden. During tissue damage, rapid skin repair is crucial to prevent blood loss and infection. Therefore, drugs used for skin trauma must possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials possess remarkable physical, chemical, optical, and biological characteristics due to their uniform shape, increased surface area, and surface charge. Graphene and its derivatives, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorous (BP), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), MXene, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the commonly used 2D nanomaterials. Moreover, they exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the clinical approaches employed for wound healing treatment and explores the applications of commonly used 2D nanomaterials to enhance wound healing outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yajuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xina Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi R, Zhu Y, Lu W, Zhai R, Zhou M, Shi S, Chen Y. Nanomaterials: innovative approaches for addressing key objectives in periodontitis treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:27904-27927. [PMID: 39224639 PMCID: PMC11367407 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily caused by dental plaque, which is a significant global public health concern due to its high prevalence and severe impact on oral, and even systemic diseases. The current therapeutic plan focuses on three objectives: pathogenic bacteria inhibition, inflammation control, and osteogenic differentiation induction. Existing treatments still have plenty of drawbacks, thus, there is a pressing need for novel methods to achieve more effective treatment effects. Nanomaterials, as emerging materials, have been proven to exert their inherent biological properties or serve as stable drug delivery platforms, which may offer innovative solutions in periodontitis treatment. Nanomaterials utilized in periodontitis treatment fall into two categories, organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Organic nanomaterials are known for their biocompatibility and their potential to promote tissue regeneration and cell functions, including natural and synthetic polymers. Inorganic nanomaterials, such as metal, oxides, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, exhibit unique physicochemical properties that make them suitable as antibacterial agents and drug delivery platforms. The inorganic nanosurface provides terrain induction for cell migration and osteogenic regeneration at defect sites by introducing different surface morphologies. Inorganic nanomaterials also play a role in antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for eliminating pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity. In this review, we will introduce multiple forms and applications of nanomaterials in periodontitis treatment and focus on their roles in addressing the key therapeutic objectives, to emphasize their promising future in achieving more effective and patient-friendly approaches toward periodontal tissue regeneration and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijianghan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Weitong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Ruohan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chelu M, Calderon Moreno JM, Musuc AM, Popa M. Natural Regenerative Hydrogels for Wound Healing. Gels 2024; 10:547. [PMID: 39330149 PMCID: PMC11431064 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative hydrogels from natural polymers have come forth as auspicious materials for use in regenerative medicine, with interest attributed to their intrinsic biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ability to reassemble the extracellular matrix. This review covers the latest advances in regenerative hydrogels used for wound healing, focusing on their chemical composition, cross-linking mechanisms, and functional properties. Key carbohydrate polymers, including alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and polysaccharide gums, including agarose, carrageenan, and xanthan gum, are discussed in terms of their sources, chemical structures and specific properties suitable for regenerative applications. The review further explores the categorization of hydrogels based on ionic charge, response to physiological stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature) and particularized roles in wound tissue self-healing. Various methods of cross-linking used to enhance the mechanical and biological performance of these hydrogels are also examined. By highlighting recent innovations and ongoing challenges, this article intends to give a detailed understanding of natural hydrogels and their potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine and improve patient healing outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M. Calderon Moreno
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | | | - Monica Popa
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (A.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Liang L, Li J, Yu Y, Zeng J, He M, Wei X, Liu Z, Shi P, Li J. A comprehensive exploration of hydrogel applications in multi-stage skin wound healing. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3745-3764. [PMID: 38959069 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00394b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as an emerging biomaterial, have found extensive use in the healing of wounds due to their distinctive physicochemical structure and functional properties. Moreover, hydrogels can be made to match a range of therapeutic requirements for materials used in wound healing through specific functional modifications. This review provides a step-by-step explanation of the processes involved in cutaneous wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and reconstitution, along with an investigation of the factors that impact these processes. Furthermore, a thorough analysis is conducted on the various stages of the wound healing process at which functional hydrogels are implemented, including hemostasis, anti-infection measures, encouraging regeneration, scar reduction, and wound monitoring. Next, the latest progress of multifunctional hydrogels for wound healing and the methods to achieve these functions are discussed in depth and categorized for elucidation. Finally, perspectives and challenges associated with the clinical applications of multifunctional hydrogels are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Lu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuemin Wang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liang
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Jinrong Li
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Zeng
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Mingfang He
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Xipeng Wei
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhining Liu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Shi
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ju R, Wei G. Injectable and Near-Infrared Light-Controllable Fibrin Hydrogels with Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Properties for Infected Wound Healing. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0019. [PMID: 38938648 PMCID: PMC11210386 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of infected wounds poses a significant challenge due to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the urgent necessity to innovate and implement alternative therapeutic strategies. These strategies should be capable of eliminating bacterial infections in infected wounds while circumventing the induction of multi-drug resistance. In the current study, we developed an easily prepared and injectable fibrin gel (FG) loaded with nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibit antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties to facilitate the healing of infected wounds. Initially, a novel type of NP was generated through the electrostatic interaction between the photothermal agent, mPEG-modified polydopamine (MPDA), and the nitric oxide (NO) donor, S-nitrosocysteamine (SNO). This interaction resulted in the formation of NPs referred to as SNO-loaded MPDA (SMPDA). Subsequently, the SMPDA was encapsulated into the FG using a double-barreled syringe, thereby producing the SMPDA-loaded FG (SMPDA/G). Experimental results revealed that SMPDA/G could effectively eliminate bacterial infections and alter the immune microenvironment. This efficacy is attributed to the synergistic combination of NO therapy and photothermal therapy, along with the role of SMPDA in facilitating M2 macrophage polarization within the gel. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the SMPDA/G holds substantial promise for clinical application in infected wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering,
Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yongxian Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Affiliated Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering,
Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anand K, Sharma R, Sharma N. Recent advancements in natural polymers-based self-healing nano-materials for wound dressing. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35435. [PMID: 38864664 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The field of wound healing has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, driven by the pursuit of advanced wound dressings. Traditional dressing materials have limitations like poor biocompatibility, nonbiodegradability, inadequate moisture management, poor breathability, lack of inherent therapeutic properties, and environmental impacts. There is a compelling demand for innovative solutions to transcend the constraints of conventional dressing materials for optimal wound care. In this extensive review, the therapeutic potential of natural polymers as the foundation for the development of self-healing nano-materials, specifically for wound dressing applications, has been elucidated. Natural polymers offer a multitude of advantages, possessing exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. The intricate engineering strategies employed to fabricate these polymers into nanostructures, thereby imparting enhanced mechanical robustness, flexibility, critical for efficacious wound management has been expounded. By harnessing the inherent properties of natural polymers, including chitosan, alginate, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and so on, and integrating the concept of self-healing materials, a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge research in this emerging field is presented in the review. Furthermore, the inherent self-healing attributes of these materials, wherein they exhibit innate capabilities to autonomously rectify any damage or disruption upon exposure to moisture or body fluids, reducing frequent dressing replacements have also been explored. This review consolidates the existing knowledge landscape, accentuating the benefits and challenges associated with these pioneering materials while concurrently paving the way for future investigations and translational applications in the realm of wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jaberifard F, Almajidi YQ, Arsalani N, Ghorbani M. A self-healing crosslinked-xanthan gum/soy protein based film containing halloysite nanotube and propolis with antibacterial and antioxidant activity for wound healing. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124073. [PMID: 38569977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are the most threat to wound healing. Lower extremity wounds under diabetic conditions display a significant delay during the healing process. To overcome these challenges, the utilization of protein-based nanocomposite dressings is crucial in implementing a successful regenerative medicine approach. These dressings hold significant potential as polymer scaffolds, allowing them to mimic the properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). So, the objective of this study was to develop a nanocomposite film using dialdehyde-xanthan gum/soy protein isolate incorporated with propolis (PP) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) (DXG-SPI/PP/HNTs). In this protein-polysaccharide hybrid system, the self-healing capability was demonstrated through Schiff bonds, providing a favorable environment for cell encapsulation in the field of tissue engineering. To improve the properties of the DXG-SPI film, the incorporation of polyphenols found in PP, particularly flavonoids, is proposed. The synthesized films were subjected to investigations regarding degradation, degree of swelling, and mechanical characteristics. Additionally, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were introduced into the DXG-SPI/PP nanocomposite films as a reinforcing filler with varying concentrations of 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % by weight. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the proper embedding and dispersion of HNTs onto the DXG-SPI/PP nanocomposite films, leading to functional interfacial interactions. The structure and crystallinity of the synthesized nanocomposite films were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Moreover, the developed DXG-SPI/PP/HNTs nanocomposite films significantly improved cell growth of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells in the presence of PP and HNTs, indicating their cytocompatibility. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), which are commonly associated with wound infections. Overall, our findings suggest that the synthesis of DXG-SPI/PP/HNTs nanocomposite scaffolds holds great promise as a clinically relevant biomaterial and exhibits strong potential for numerous challenging biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Jaberifard
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasir Q Almajidi
- Baghdad College of Medical Sciences-Department of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nasser Arsalani
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Marjan Ghorbani
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, PO Box:14965/115, Tehran, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li W, Liu Z, Tan X, Yang N, Liang Y, Feng D, Li H, Yuan R, Zhang Q, Liu L, Ge L. All-in-One Self-Powered Microneedle Device for Accelerating Infected Diabetic Wound Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304365. [PMID: 38316147 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing remains a significant clinical challenge due to the complex microenvironment and attenuated endogenous electric field. Herein, a novel all-in-one self-powered microneedle device (termed TZ@mMN-TENG) is developed by combining the multifunctional microneedle carried tannin@ZnO microparticles (TZ@mMN) with the self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In addition to the delivery of tannin and Zn2+, TZ@mMN also effectively conducts electrical stimulation (ES) to infected diabetic wounds. As a self-powered device, the TENG can convert biomechanical motion into exogenous ES to accelerate the infected diabetic wound healing. In vitro experiment demonstrated that TZ@mMN shows excellent conductive, high antioxidant ability, and effective antibacterial properties against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (>99% antibacterial rates). Besides, the TZ@mMN-TENG can effectively promote cell proliferation and migration. In the diabetic rat full-thickness skin wound model infected with Staphylococcus aureus, the TZ@mMN-TENG can eliminate bacteria, accelerate epidermal growth (regenerative epidermis: ≈303.3 ± 19.1 µm), enhance collagen deposition, inhibit inflammation (lower TNF-α and IL-6 expression), and promote angiogenesis (higher CD31 and VEGF expression) to accelerate infected wound repair. Overall, the TZ@mMN-TENG provides a promising strategy for clinical application in diabetic wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zonghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Diyi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qianli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
You C, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Liu S, Hu K, Zhan Y, Aihemaiti S, Tao S, Chu Y, Fan L. Application of extracellular matrix cross-linked by microbial transglutaminase to promote wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131384. [PMID: 38580012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
One primary focus of skin tissue engineering has been the creation of innovative biomaterials to facilitate rapid wound healing. Extracellular matrix (ECM), an essential biofunctional substance, has recently been discovered to play a crucial role in wound healing. Consequently, we endeavored to decellularize ECM from pig achilles tendon and refine its mechanical and biological properties through modification by utilizing cross-linking agents. Glutaraldehyde (GA), 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), double aldol starch (DAS), and microbial transglutaminase (MTG) were utilized to produce crosslinked ECM variants (GA-ECM, EDC/NHS-ECM, DAS-ECM, and MTG-ECM). Comprehensive assessments were conducted to evaluate the physical properties, biocompatibility, and wound healing efficacy of each material. The results indicated that MTG-ECM exhibited superior tensile strength, excellent hydrophilicity, minimal cytotoxicity, and the best pro-healing impact among the four modified scaffolds. Staining analysis of tissue sections further revealed that MTG-ECM impeded the transition from type III collagen to type I collagen in the wound area, potentially reducing the development of wound scar. Therefore, MTG-ECM is expected to be a potential pro-skin repair scaffold material to prevent scar formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai You
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Yuandong Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, PR China
| | - Kangdi Hu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhan
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Shami Aihemaiti
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China.
| | - Yingying Chu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, PR China.
| | - Lihong Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Q, Gan Z, Wang X, Li X, Zhao L, Li D, Xu Z, Mu C, Ge L, Li D. Dissolving Hyaluronic Acid-Based Microneedles to Transdermally Deliver Eugenol Combined with Photothermal Therapy for Acne Vulgaris Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21595-21609. [PMID: 38635857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A microneedle transdermal drug delivery system simultaneously avoids systemic toxicity of oral administration and low efficiency of traditional transdermal administration, which is of great significance for acne vulgaris therapy. Herein, eugenol-loaded hyaluronic acid-based dissolving microneedles (E@P-EO-HA MNs) with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities are developed for acne vulgaris therapy via eugenol transdermal delivery integrated with photothermal therapy. E@P-EO-HA MNs are pyramid-shaped with a sharp tip and a hollow cavity structure, which possess sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin and achieve transdermal delivery, in addition to excellent in vivo biocompatibility. Significantly, E@P-EO-HA MNs show effective photothermal therapy to destroy sebaceous glands and achieve antibacterial activity against deep-seated Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) under near-infrared-light irradiation. Moreover, cavity-loaded eugenol is released from rapidly dissolved microneedle bodies to play a sustained antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy on the P. acnes infectious wound. E@P-EO-HA MNs based on a synergistic therapeutic strategy combining photothermal therapy and eugenol transdermal administration can significantly alleviate inflammatory response and ultimately facilitate the repair of acne vulgaris. Overall, E@P-EO-HA MNs are expected to be clinically applied as a functional minimally invasive transdermal delivery strategy for superficial skin diseases therapy in skin tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Derong Li
- People's Hospital of Lanshan District, Linyi 27600, P. R. China
| | - Zhilang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ouyang Y, Su X, Zheng X, Zhang L, Chen Z, Yan Q, Qian Q, Zhao J, Li P, Wang S. Mussel-inspired "all-in-one" sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel patch promotes healing of infected wound. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129828. [PMID: 38296135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely used as wound dressings to accelerate wound healing. However, due to the impaired skin barrier at the wound site, external bacteria can easily invade the wound and cause infection. In this study, we designed a dopamine-modified sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CPD) hydrogel, which was able to promote wound healing while preventing wound infection. Due to the high content of catechol groups, the CPD hydrogel exhibited good tissue adhesion ability and a significant scavenging ability for DPPH• and PTIO• radicals. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, the temperature of CPD hydrogel increased significantly, which significantly killed the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cell migration test confirmed that CPD hydrogel could promote the cell migration ratio. In the in vivo wound healing test for infected full-thickness skin defect, CPD hydrogel significantly inhibited bacterial proliferation and enhanced wound healing rate. Therefore, the multifunctional hydrogel is expected to be applied to wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Ouyang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Xiaoju Su
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qiling Yan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qinyuan Qian
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Ping Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jia J, Lin Z, Zhu J, Liu Y, Hu Y, Fang K. Anti-adhesive and antibacterial chitosan/PEO nanofiber dressings with high breathability for promoting wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129668. [PMID: 38278380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Wound dressings are crucial for wound healing. Ideal wound dressings should possess many functions such as wettability, antibacterial activity and anti-adherent property to promote wound healing. In the present study solution blown spinning (SBS) technology was applied to prepare chitosan/polyethylene oxide (CS/PEO) nanofiber dressings in high efficiency. The obtained nanofiber dressings were treated with anhydrous ethanol to improve the fiber structure and enhance the functionality of the fiber dressings. The results show that the treated nanofibers had higher crystallinities and higher CS contents. The CS/PEO nanofiber dressings fabricated by using no additives and crosslinking had excellent wettability, water stability and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached to over 99.99 %. In addition, the CS/PEO nanofiber dressings exhibited high breathability, antioxidant activity and anti-adhesion function. The in vivo animal experiment confirmed that the nanofiber dressings enhanced cell proliferation and significantly accelerated the wound healing within 10 days. The developed CS/PEO nanofiber dressings have great potential in the clinical field of wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Jia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jilin Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Shandong Xinyue Health Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Kuanjun Fang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Manufacturing Low Carbon and Functionalized Textiles in the Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory for Biofibers and Eco-textiles, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yan Y, Wang M, Zhao M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Gao X. pH Switchable Nanozyme Platform for Healing Skin Tumor Wound Infected with Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301375. [PMID: 37399839 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes capable of generating reactive oxygen species have recently emerged as promising treatments for wounds infected with drug-resistant bacteria, possessing a reduced possibility of inducing resistance. However, the therapeutic effect is limited by a shortage of endogenous oxy-substrates and undesirable off-target biotoxicity. Herein, a ferrocenyl coordination polymer (FeCP) nanozyme, featuring pH switchable peroxidase (POD)- and catalase (CAT)-like activity is incorporated with indocyanine green (ICG) and calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) to fabricate an H2 O2 /O2 self-supplying system (FeCP/ICG@CaO2 ) for precise treatment of bacterial infections. At the wound site, CaO2 reacts with water to generate H2 O2 and O2 . Acting as a POD mimic under an acidic bacterial microenvironment, FeCP catalyzes H2 O2 into hydroxyl radicals to prevent infection. However, FeCP switches to CAT-like activity in neutral tissue, decomposing H2 O2 into H2 O and O2 to prevent oxidative damage and facilitate wound healing. Additionally, FeCP/ICG@CaO2 shows photothermal therapy capability, as ICG can emit heat under near-infrared laser irradiation. This heat assists FeCP in fully exerting its enzyme-like activity. Thus, this system achieves an antibacterial efficiency of 99.8% in vitro for drug-resistant bacteria, and effectively overcomes the main limitations of nanozyme-based treatment assays, resulting in satisfactory therapeutic effects in repairing normal and special skin tumor wounds infected with drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Minyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zou Y, Zhou C, Li Z, Han X, Tong L, Liu T, Xiong L, Bai L, Liang J, Fan Y, Zhang X, Sun Y. Hydrophobic Tetracycline Immobilized in Fibrous Hyaluronan Regulates Adhesive Collagen-Based Hydrogel Stability for Infected Wound Healing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303414. [PMID: 37431206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-based hydrogels have a significant impact on wound healing, but they suffer from structural instability and bacterial invasion in infected wounds. Here, electrospun nanofibers of esterified hyaluronan (HA-Bn/T) are developed to immobilize the hydrophobic antibacterial drug tetracycline by π-π stacking interaction. Dopamine-modified hyaluronan and HA-Bn/T are employed simultaneously to stabilize the structure of collagen-based hydrogel by chemically interweaving the collagen fibril network and decreasing the rate of collagen degradation. This renders it injectable for in situ gelation, with suitable skin adhesion properties and long-lasting drug release capability. This hybridized interwoven hydrogel promotes the proliferation and migration of L929 cells and vascularization in vitro. It presents satisfactory antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The structure also retains the functional protein environment provided by collagen fiber, inhibits the bacterial environment of infected wounds, and modulates local inflammation, resulting in neovascularization, collagen deposition, and partial follicular regeneration. This strategy offers a new solution for infected wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhulian Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - TangJinhai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|