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Zhang L, Qin J, Das P, Wang S, Bai T, Zhou F, Wu M, Wu ZS. Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene Additive-Free Inks for 3D Printing Customizable Monolithic Integrated Micro-Supercapacitors on a Large Scale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313930. [PMID: 38325888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology with enhanced fidelity can achieve multiple functionalities and boost electrochemical performance of customizable planar micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), however, precise structural control of additive-free graphene-based macro-assembly electrode for monolithic integrated MSCs (MIMSCs) remains challenging. Here, the large-scale 3D printing fabrication of customizable planar MIMSCs is reported utilizing additive-free, high-quality electrochemically exfoliated graphene inks, which is not required the conventional cryogenic assistance during the printing process and any post-processing reduction. The resulting MSCs reveal an extremely small engineering footprint of 0.025 cm2, exceptionally high areal capacitance of 4900 mF cm-2, volumetric capacitance of 195.6 F cm-3, areal energy density of 2.1 mWh cm-2, and unprecedented volumetric energy density of 23 mWh cm-3 for a single cell, surpassing most previously reported 3D printed MSCs. The 3D printed MIMSC pack is further demonstrated, with the maximum areal cell count density of 16 cell cm-2, the highest output voltage of 192.5 V and the largest output voltage per unit area of 56 V cm-2 up to date are achieved. This work presents an innovative solution for processing high-performance additive-free graphene ink and realizing the large-scale production of 3D printed MIMSCs for planar energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jieqiong Qin
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pratteek Das
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tiesheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
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2
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Jing Q, Liu J, Wang H, Wang Y, Xue H, Ren S, Wang W, Zhang X, Xu Z, Fu W. Ultrasensitive Biochemical Sensing Platform Enabled by Directly Grown Graphene on Insulator. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2305363. [PMID: 38105346 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To fabricate label-free and rapid-resulting semiconducting biosensor devices incorporating graphene, it is pertinent to directly grow uniform graphene films on technologically important dielectric and semiconducting substrates. However, it has long been intuitively believed that the nonideal disordered structures formed during direct growth, and the resulted inferior electrical properties will inevitably lead to deteriorated sensing performance. Here, graphene biosensor chips are constructed based on direct plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) grown graphene on a 4-inch silicon wafer with excellent film uniformity and high yield. To surprise, optimal operations of graphene biosensors permit ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleocapsid protein with dilutions down to sub-femtomolar concentrations. Such impressive limit of detection (LOD) is comparable to or even outperforms that of the state-of-the-art biosensor devices based on high-quality graphene. Further noise spectral characterizations and analysis confirms that the LOD is limited by molecular diffusion and/or known interference signals such as drift and instability of the sensors, rather than the electrical merits of the graphene devices along. Hence, result sheds light on processing directly grown PECVD graphene into high-performance sensor devices with important economic benefits and social significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Huanming Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Honglei Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shan Ren
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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3
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Sahoo S, Khan Z, Mannan S, Tiwari U, Ye Z, Krishnan NMA, Gosvami NN. Superlubricity and Stress-Shielding of Graphene Enables Ultra Scratch-Resistant Glasses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37886825 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Glasses, when subjected to scratch loading, incur damages affecting their optical and mechanical integrity. Here, it is demonstrated that silica glasses protected with mechanically exfoliated few-layer graphene sheets can exhibit remarkable improvement in scratch resistance. To this extent, the friction and wear characteristics of silica glasses with exfoliated graphene using atomic force microscopy (AFM) are explored. The friction forces recorded during AFM scratch tests of the graphene-glass surfaces at multiple loads exhibit ∼98% reduction compared to that of the bare silica glass, with the friction coefficient falling in the superlubricity regime. This dramatic reduction in friction achieved by the graphene sheets results in significantly lower wear of the graphene-glass surfaces postscratching. Further investigations employing atomistic simulations reveal that the stress-shielding mechanism is due to the reduced deformation of graphene-glass surfaces, thereby curtailing the overall damage. Altogether, the present work provides a new fillip toward the development of glasses with enhanced scratch resistance exploiting two-dimensional coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sahoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Zuhaa Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sajid Mannan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Utkarsh Tiwari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - N M Anoop Krishnan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nitya Nand Gosvami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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4
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Mei J, Qiu Z, Gao T, Wu Q, Zheng F, Jiang J, Liu K, Huang Y, Wang H, Li Q. Insights into the Conductive Network of Electrochemical Exfoliation with Graphite Powder as Starting Raw Material for Graphene Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4413-4426. [PMID: 36922738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical exfoliation starting with graphite powder as the raw material for graphene production shows superiority in cost effectiveness over the popular bulk graphite. However, the crucial conductive network inside the graphite powder electrode along with its formation and influence mechanisms remains blank. Here, an adjustable-pressure graphite powder electrode with a sandwich structure was designed for this. Appropriate encapsulation pressure is necessary and conducive to constructing a continuous and stable conductive network, but overloaded encapsulation pressure is detrimental to the exfoliation and graphene quality. With an initial encapsulation pressure (IEP) of 4 kPa, the graphite powders expand rapidly to a final stable expansion pressure of 49 kPa with a final graphene yield of 46.3%, where 84% of the graphene sheets are less than 4 layers with ID/IG values between 0.22 and 1.24. Increasing the IEP to 52 kPa, the expansion pressure increases to 73 kPa, but the graphene yield decreases to 39.3% with a worse graphene quality including higher layers and ID/IG values of 1.68-2.13. In addition, small-size graphite powders are not suitable for the electrochemical exfoliation. With the particle size decreasing from 50 to 325 mesh, the graphene yield decreases almost linearly from 46.3% to 5.5%. Conductive network and electrolyte migration synergize and constrain each other, codetermining the electrochemical exfoliation. Within an encapsulated structure, the electrochemical exfoliation of the graphite powder electrode proceeds from the outside to the inside. The insights revealed here will provide direction for further development of electrochemical exfoliation of graphite powder to produce graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mei
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zhian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Teng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Juantao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Kui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Youguo Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
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5
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Shi Z, Ci H, Yang X, Liu Z, Sun J. Direct-Chemical Vapor Deposition-Enabled Graphene for Emerging Energy Storage: Versatility, Essentiality, and Possibility. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11646-11675. [PMID: 35926221 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique has stimulated an enormous scientific and industrial interest to enable the conformal growth of graphene over multifarious substrates, which readily bypasses tedious transfer procedure and empowers innovative materials paradigm. Compared to the prevailing graphene materials (i.e., reduced graphene oxide and liquid-phase exfoliated graphene), the direct-CVD-enabled graphene harnesses appealing structural advantages and physicochemical properties, accordingly playing a pivotal role in the realm of electrochemical energy storage. Despite conspicuous progress achieved in this frontier, a comprehensive overview is still lacking by far and the synthesis-structure-property-application nexus of direct-CVD-enabled graphene remains elusive. In this topical review, rather than simply compiling the state-of-the-art advancements, the versatile roles of direct-CVD-enabled graphene are itemized as (i) modificator, (ii) cultivator, (iii) defender, and (iv) decider. Furthermore, essential effects on the performance optimization are elucidated, with an emphasis on fundamental properties and underlying mechanisms. At the end, perspectives with respect to the material production and device fabrication are sketched, aiming to navigate the future development of direct-CVD-enabled graphene en-route toward pragmatic energy applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Shi
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhong Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
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6
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Jia L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Jia B, Chen Z, Moss DJ. Fabrication Technologies for the On-Chip Integration of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101435. [PMID: 34994111 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable part of modern technological change and development. Recent advances in 2D layered materials with their unique structures and distinctive properties have motivated their on-chip integration, yielding a variety of functional devices with superior performance and new features. To realize integrated devices incorporating 2D materials, it requires a diverse range of device fabrication techniques, which are of fundamental importance to achieve good performance and high reproducibility. This paper reviews the state-of-art fabrication techniques for the on-chip integration of 2D materials. First, an overview of the material properties and on-chip applications of 2D materials is provided. Second, different approaches used for integrating 2D materials on chips are comprehensively reviewed, which are categorized into material synthesis, on-chip transfer, film patterning, and property tuning/modification. Third, the methods for integrating 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - David J Moss
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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7
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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8
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Yang F, Qiu M, Miao Z, Zhang T, Zhang S, Wu Z. N, P-Codoped Carbon Film Derived from Phosphazenes and Its Printing Integration with a Polymer Carpet Via "Molecular Welding" for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29894-29905. [PMID: 34128633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although high-performance graphene-based micro/nano flexible electronic devices have shown promising applications in numerous fields, there are still many problems in converting graphene into practical applications. Heteroatom-doped graphene materials are of huge importance because heteroatom doping can significantly change the electronic structure and introduce the active site, which benefits the integration with a promising substrate and achieves nondestructive transfer of carbon materials. Herein, we analyze in detail the pyrolysis gas composition of heteroatom-enriched phosphazenes with different structures and prepare a series of high-quality in situ N, P-codoped carbon-based films from phosphazene solid sources on a low-cost glass substrate by a convenient one-step method. The N, P-codoped carbon film shows reflectivity, good conductivity, and transparency. In addition, with the help of in situ "molecular welding", we achieve nondestructive transfer of a conductive carbon-based film from a glass substrate to promising layer-polyimide (PI) and prepare a flexible free-standing carbon/PI hybrid film with an excellent binding interface. The flexible conductive hybrid film shows excellent durability under an extremely low temperature environment and superior bending stability after 800 bending cycles. The results suggest that a phosphazene precursor is an amazing choice for constructing high-quality heteroatom-doped conductive carbon films. Besides, this work provides a promising way for nondestructive transfer of the conductive carbon-based films and large-scale preparation of large-area patterned conductive thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Munan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shuangkun Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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9
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Cai J, Cai R, Sun Z, Wang X, Wei N, Xu F, Shao Y, Gao P, Dou S, Sun J. Confining TiO 2 Nanotubes in PECVD-Enabled Graphene Capsules Toward Ultrafast K-Ion Storage: In Situ TEM/XRD Study and DFT Analysis. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:123. [PMID: 34138148 PMCID: PMC7770745 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has gained burgeoning attention for potassium-ion storage because of its large theoretical capacity, wide availability, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, the inherently poor conductivity gives rise to its sluggish reaction kinetics and inferior rate capability. Here, we report the direct graphene growth over TiO2 nanotubes by virtue of chemical vapor deposition. Such conformal graphene coatings effectively enhance the conductive environment and well accommodate the volume change of TiO2 upon potassiation/depotassiation. When paired with an activated carbon cathode, the graphene-armored TiO2 nanotubes allow the potassium-ion hybrid capacitor full cells to harvest an energy/power density of 81.2 Wh kg-1/3746.6 W kg-1. We further employ in situ transmission electron microscopy and operando X-ray diffraction to probe the potassium-ion storage behavior. This work offers a viable and versatile solution to the anode design and in situ probing of potassium storage technologies that is readily promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Cai
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Cai
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongti Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wei
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanlong Shao
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, People's Republic of China.
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Centre for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Dai Z, Hu G, Ou Q, Zhang L, Xia F, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Qiu CW, Bao Q. Artificial Metaphotonics Born Naturally in Two Dimensions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6197-6246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Francisco J. Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia−San Sebastian E-20018, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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11
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Shan J, Cui L, Zhou F, Wang R, Cui K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Ethanol-Precursor-Mediated Growth and Thermochromic Applications of Highly Conductive Vertically Oriented Graphene on Soda-Lime Glass. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11972-11978. [PMID: 32057228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct growth of vertically oriented graphene (VG) nanowalls on soda-lime glass has practical significance in extending the application of graphene to daily-life-related areas, such as gas sensors and conductive electrodes, via combining their complementary properties and applications. However, VG films derived by low-temperature deposition (e.g., on glass) usually present relatively low conductivity and optical transparency. To tackle this issue, an ethanol-precursor-based, radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) route for the synthesis of VG nanowalls is developed in this research, at around the softening temperature of soda-lime glass (∼600 °C) templates. The average sheet resistance, i.e., ∼2.4 kΩ·sq-1 (at transmittance ∼81.6%), is only one-half of that achieved by a traditional methane-precursor-based PECVD route. Based on the highly conductive and optically transparent VG/glass, as well as its scalable size up to 25 in. scale, high-performance reversible thermochromic devices were successfully constructed using VG/glass as transparent heaters. Hereby, this work should propel the scalable synthesis and applications of highly conductive VG films on glass in next-generation transparent electronics and switchable windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
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12
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Zhai Z, Shen H, Chen J, Li X, Li Y. Metal-Free Synthesis of Boron-Doped Graphene Glass by Hot-Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition for Wave Energy Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2805-2815. [PMID: 31867953 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Property modulation of graphene glass by heteroatom doping such as boron (B) and nitrogen (N) is important to extend its practical applications. However, unlike N doping, research studies about the metal-free synthesis of B-doped graphene on glass through the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method are rarely reported. Herein, we report a hot-filament CVD approach to prepare B-doped graphene glass using diborane (B2H6) as the B dopant. The synthesized B-doped graphene was uniform on a large-scale and composed of nanocrystalline graphene grains. By raising the B2H6 flow from 0 to 15 sccm, the B content of graphene was facilely modulated from 0 to 5.3 at. %, accompanied with the improvement of both transparency and conductivity. The B-doped graphene prepared on glass at 15 sccm B2H6 flow presented the optimal transparent conductive performance superior to those of most reported graphene glass fabricated by other state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, for the first time, the performance of graphene glass for wave energy harvesting has been elaborated. It was found that the output power produced by inserting graphene glass into 0.6 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution could be improved by more than 6 times through B doping. The significant enhancement resulted from the higher waving voltage and smaller resistance of B-doped graphene on glass than the pristine ones. In addition, the waving voltage inversed the polarity after B doping, which was due to the opposite variation of surface potential of pristine and B-doped graphene after NaCl immersion. This work would pave ways for the metal-free preparation and expand the energy-harvesting applications of B-doped graphene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhai
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , PR China
| | - Honglie Shen
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , PR China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , PR China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , PR China
| | - Xuemei Li
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , PR China
| | - Yufang Li
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , PR China
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13
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Xie H, Cui K, Cui L, Liu B, Yu Y, Tan C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. H 2 O-Etchant-Promoted Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene on Glass and Its Application in See-Through Thermochromic Displays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905485. [PMID: 31894647 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct growth of graphene on glass can bring an innovative revolution by coupling the complementary properties of traditional glass and modern graphene (such as transparency and conductivity), offering brand new daily-life related applications. However, preparation of high-quality graphene on nonmetallic glass is still challenging. Herein, the direct route of low sheet resistance graphene on glass is reported by using in situ-introduced water as a mild etchant and methane as a carbon precursor via chemical vapor deposition. The derived graphene features with large domain sizes and few amorphous carbon impurities. Intriguingly, the sheet resistance of graphene on glass is dramatically lowered down to ≈1170 Ω sq-1 at the optical transmittance ≈93%, ≈20% of that derived without the water etchant. Based on the highly conductive and optical transparent graphene on glass, a see-through thermochromic display is thus fabricated with transparent graphene glass as a heater. This work can motivate further investigations of the direct synthesis of high-quality graphene on functional glass and its versatile applications in transparent electronic devices or displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Congwei Tan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
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14
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Xie Y, Cheng T, Liu C, Chen K, Cheng Y, Chen Z, Qiu L, Cui G, Yu Y, Cui L, Zhang M, Zhang J, Ding F, Liu K, Liu Z. Ultrafast Catalyst-Free Graphene Growth on Glass Assisted by Local Fluorine Supply. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10272-10278. [PMID: 31430126 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-quality graphene film grown on dielectric substrates by a direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method promotes the application of high-performance graphene-based devices in large scale. However, due to the noncatalytic feature of insulating substrates, the production of graphene film on them always has a low growth rate and is time-consuming (typically hours to days), which restricts real potential applications. Here, by employing a local-fluorine-supply method, we have pushed the massive fabrication of a graphene film on a wafer-scale insulating substrate to a short time of just 5 min without involving any metal catalyst. The highly enhanced domain growth rate (∼37 nm min-1) and the quick nucleation rate (∼1200 nuclei min-1 cm-2) both account for this high productivity of graphene film. Further first-principles calculation demonstrates that the released fluorine from the fluoride substrate at high temperature can rapidly react with CH4 to form a more active carbon feedstock, CH3F, and the presence of CH3F molecules in the gas phase much lowers the barrier of carbon attachment, providing sufficient carbon feedstock for graphene CVD growth. Our approach presents a potential route to accomplish exceptionally large-scale and high-quality graphene films on insulating substrates, i.e., SiO2, SiO2/Si, fiber, etc., at low cost for industry-level applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadian Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ke Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Institute of Micro/Nano Photonic Materials and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Guang Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , China
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15
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Chen Z, Qi Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Direct CVD Growth of Graphene on Traditional Glass: Methods and Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803639. [PMID: 30443937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on catalytic metal surfaces is considered to be the most effective way to obtain large-area, high-quality graphene films. For practical applications, a transfer process from metal catalysts to target substrates (e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), glass, and SiO2 /Si) is unavoidable and severely degrades the quality of graphene. In particular, the direct growth of graphene on glass can avoid the tedious transfer process and endow traditional glass with prominent electrical and thermal conductivities. Such a combination of graphene and glass creates a new type of glass, the so-called "super graphene glass," which has attracted great interest from the viewpoints of both fundamental research and daily-life applications. In the last few years, great progress has been achieved in pursuit of this goal. Here, these growth methods as well as the specific growth mechanisms of graphene on glass surfaces are summarized. The typical techniques developed include direct thermal CVD growth, molten-bed CVD growth, metal-catalyst-assisted growth, and plasma-enhanced growth. Emphasis is placed on the strategy of growth corresponding to the different natures of glass substrates. A comprehensive understanding of graphene growth on nonmetal glass substrates and the latest status of "super graphene glass" production are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
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16
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Liu J, Fu L. Controllable Growth of Graphene on Liquid Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800690. [PMID: 30536644 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controllable fabrication of graphene is necessary for its practical application. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approaches based on solid metal substrates with morphology-rich surfaces, such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), suffer from the drawbacks of inhomogeneous nucleation and uncontrollable carbon precipitation. Liquid substrates offer a quasiatomically smooth surface, which enables the growth of uniform graphene layers. The fast surface diffusion rates also lead to unique growth and etching kinetics for achieving graphene grains with novel morphologies. The rheological surface endows the graphene grains with self-adjusted rotation, alignment, and movement that are driven by specific interactions. The intermediary-free transfer or the direct growth of graphene on insulated substrates is demonstrated using liquid metals. Here, the controllable growth process of graphene on a liquid surface to promote the development of attractive liquid CVD strategies is in focus. The exciting progress in controlled growth, etching, self-assembly, and delivery of graphene on a liquid surface is presented and discussed in depth. In addition, prospects and further developments in these exciting fields of graphene growth on a liquid surface are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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17
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Cui L, Chen X, Liu B, Chen K, Chen Z, Qi Y, Xie H, Zhou F, Rümmeli MH, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Highly Conductive Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Grown on Glass toward Electrochromic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32622-32630. [PMID: 30170490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of low sheet resistance graphene on glass can promote the applications of such intriguing hybrid materials in transparent electronics and energy-related fields. Chemical doping is efficient for tailoring the carrier concentration and the electronic properties of graphene that previously derived from metal substrates. Herein, we report the direct synthesis of 5 in. uniform nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene on the quartz glass through a designed low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) route. Ethanol and methylamine were selected respectively as precursor and dopant for acquiring predominantly graphitic-N-doped graphene. We reveal that by a precise control of growth temperature and thus the doping level the sheet resistance of graphene on glass can be as low as one-half that of nondoped graphene, accompanied by relative high crystal quality and transparency. Significantly, we demonstrate that this scalable, 5 in. uniform N-doped graphene glass can serve as excellent electrode materials for fabricating high performance electrochromic smart windows, featured with a much simplified device structure. This work should pave ways for the direct synthesis and application of the new type graphene-based hybrid material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark H Rümmeli
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
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18
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Lin L, Deng B, Sun J, Peng H, Liu Z. Bridging the Gap between Reality and Ideal in Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Graphene. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9281-9343. [PMID: 30207458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, in its ideal form, is a two-dimensional (2D) material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The richness in morphological, physical, mechanical, and optical properties of ideal graphene has stimulated enormous scientific and industrial interest, since its first exfoliation in 2004. In turn, the production of graphene in a reliable, controllable, and scalable manner has become significantly important to bring us closer to practical applications of graphene. To this end, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers tantalizing opportunities for the synthesis of large-area, uniform, and high-quality graphene films. However, quite different from the ideal 2D structure of graphene, in reality, the currently available CVD-grown graphene films are still suffering from intrinsic defective grain boundaries, surface contaminations, and wrinkles, together with low growth rate and the requirement of inevitable transfer. Clearly, a gap still exits between the reality of CVD-derived graphene, especially in industrial production, and ideal graphene with outstanding properties. This Review will emphasize the recent advances and strategies in CVD production of graphene for settling these issues to bridge the giant gap. We begin with brief background information about the synthesis of nanoscale carbon allotropes, followed by the discussion of fundamental growth mechanism and kinetics of CVD growth of graphene. We then discuss the strategies for perfecting the quality of CVD-derived graphene with regard to domain size, cleanness, flatness, growth rate, scalability, and direct growth of graphene on functional substrate. Finally, a perspective on future development in the research relevant to scalable growth of high-quality graphene is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Deng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , P. R. China
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19
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Muñoz R, Martínez L, López-Elvira E, Munuera C, Huttel Y, García-Hernández M. Direct synthesis of graphene on silicon oxide by low temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12779-12787. [PMID: 29946620 PMCID: PMC6130772 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03210f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Direct graphene growth on silicon with a native oxide using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition at low temperatures [550 °C-650 °C] is demonstrated for the first time. It is shown that the fine-tuning of a two-step synthesis with gas mixtures C2H2/H2 yields monolayer and few layer graphene films with a controllable domain size from 50 nm to more than 300 nm and the sheet resistance ranging from 8 kΩ sq-1 to less than 1.8 kΩ sq-1. Differences are understood in terms of the interaction of the plasma species - chiefly atomic H - with the deposited graphene and the native oxide layer. The proposed low temperature direct synthesis on an insulating substrate does not require any transfer processes and improves the compatibility with the current industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Muñoz
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, (ICMM) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Wang X, Li Q, Zhang L, Hu Z, Yu L, Jiang T, Lu C, Yan C, Sun J, Liu Z. Caging Nb 2 O 5 Nanowires in PECVD-Derived Graphene Capsules toward Bendable Sodium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800963. [PMID: 29761546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Na-HSCs) by virtue of synergizing the merits of batteries and supercapacitors have attracted considerable attention for high-energy and high-power energy-storage applications. Orthorhombic Nb2 O5 (T-Nb2 O5 ) has recently been recognized as a promising anode material for Na-HSCs due to its typical pseudocapacitive feature, but it suffers from intrinsically low electrical conductivity. Reasonably high electrochemical performance of T-Nb2 O5 -based electrodes could merely be gained to date when sufficient carbon content was introduced. In addition, flexible Na-HSC devices have scarcely been demonstrated by far. Herein, an in situ encapsulation strategy is devised to directly grow ultrathin graphene shells over T-Nb2 O5 nanowires (denoted as Gr-Nb2 O5 composites) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, targeting a highly conductive anode material for Na-HSCs. The few-layered graphene capsules with ample topological defects would enable facile electron and Na+ ion transport, guaranteeing rapid pseudocapacitive processes at the Nb2 O5 /electrolyte interface. The Na-HSC full-cell comprising a Gr-Nb2 O5 anode and an activated carbon cathode delivers high energy/power densities (112.9 Wh kg-1 /80.1 W kg-1 and 62.2 Wh kg-1 /5330 W kg-1 ), outperforming those of recently reported Na-HSC counterparts. Proof-of-concept Na-HSC devices with favorable mechanical robustness manifest stable electrochemical performances under different bending conditions and after various bending-release cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Wang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiucheng Li
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lianghao Yu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chenglin Yan
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Zhai Z, Shen H, Chen J, Li X, Jiang Y. Evolution of Structural and Electrical Properties of Carbon Films from Amorphous Carbon to Nanocrystalline Graphene on Quartz Glass by HFCVD. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17427-17436. [PMID: 29694019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct growth of graphene films on glass is of great importance but has so far met with limited success. The noncatalytic property of glass results in the low decomposition ability of hydrocarbon precursors, especially at reduced temperatures (<1000 °C), and therefore amorphous carbon (a-C) films are more likely to be obtained. Here, we report the hydrogen influence on the structural and electrical properties of carbon films deposited on quartz glass at 850 °C by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The results revealed that the obtained a-C films were all graphitelike carbon films. Structural transition of the deposited films from a-C to nanocrystalline graphene was achieved by raising the hydrogen dilution ratios from 10 to over 80%. On the basis of systematic structural and chemical characterizations, a schematic process with three steps including sp2 chain aggregation, aromatic ring formation, and sp3 bond etching was proposed to interpret the structural evolution. The nanocrystalline graphene films grown on glass by HFCVD exhibited good electrical performance with a carrier mobility of 36.76 cm2/(V s) and a resistivity of 5.24 × 10-3 Ω cm over an area of 1 cm2. Temperature-dependent electrical characterizations revealed that the electronic transport in carbon films was dominated by defect, localized, and extended states, respectively, when increasing the temperature from 75 to 292 K. The nanocrystalline graphene films presented higher carrier mobility and lower carrier concentration than those of a-C films, which was mainly attributed to their smaller conductive activation energy. The present investigation provides an effective way for direct growth of graphene films on glass at reduced temperatures and also offers useful insights into the understanding of structural and electrical relationship between a-C and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhai
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Honglie Shen
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , P. R. China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Ye Jiang
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
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Han Z, Feng X, Guo Z, Niu S, Ren L. Flourishing Bioinspired Antifogging Materials with Superwettability: Progresses and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704652. [PMID: 29441617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Antifogging (AF) structure materials found in nature have great potential for enabling novel and emerging products and technologies to facilitate the daily life of human societies, attracting enormous research interests owing to their potential applications in display devices, traffics, agricultural greenhouse, food packaging, solar products, and other fields. The outstanding performance of biological AF surfaces encourages the rapid development and wide application of new AF materials. In fact, AF properties are inextricably associated with their surface superwettability. Generally, the superwettability of AF materials depends on a combination of their surface geometrical structures and surface chemical compositions. To explore their general design principles, recent progresses in the investigation of bioinspired AF materials are summarized herein. Recent developments of the mechanism, fabrication, and applications of bioinspired AF materials with superwettability are also a focus. This includes information on constructing superwetting AF materials based on designing the topographical structure and regulating the surface chemical composition. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising breakthroughs in this field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
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23
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Zhu Y, Ji H, Cheng HM, Ruoff RS. Mass production and industrial applications of graphene materials. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Graphene is considered a promising material for industrial application based on the intensive laboratory-scale research in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering, and biology over the last decade. Many companies have thus started to pursue graphene materials on a scale of tons (for the flake material) or hundreds of thousands of square meters (for the film material) for industrial applications. Though the graphene industry is still in its early stages, very significant progress in mass production and certain industrial applications has become obvious. In this report, we aim to give a brief review of the mass production of graphene materials for some industrial applications and summarize some features or challenges for graphene in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, & iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hengxing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, & iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and School of Materials Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
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