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Imai H, Suzuki J, Mizuno T, Takahashi S, Itagaki H, Yoshida M, Endo S, Kodama EN. The effect of antibiotic prescription in non-critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A Japanese inpatient database study. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0318803. [PMID: 40131900 PMCID: PMC11936251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic. Bacterial coinfections with COVID-19 occur in 3.5% of COVID-19 cases, with a higher incidence in severe cases. Although antibiotics have been prescribed to treat non-critically ill patients with COVID-19, their effect on non-critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from non-critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were older than 18 years between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2023. We performed propensity score matching analysis, evaluating in-hospital mortality with or without antibiotic prescription within 2 days of admission. Sensitivity analyses using inverse probability weighting and generalized estimating equation were also performed. RESULTS Eligible patients (n = 144,110) were divided into antibiotic prescription (n = 3,873) and control (n = 140,237) groups. One-to-one propensity score matching identified 3,861 pairs of patients who received antibiotic prescriptions within 2 days of admission. Following this, antibiotic prescription was associated with a decreased 28-day mortality rate (2.3% vs. 3.6%) and in-hospital mortality rate (4.0% vs. 5.0%) compared with the control group. Conversely, antibiotics increased Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) compared with the control group (0.6% vs. 0.1%). No statistical differences were observed between both groups regarding acute kidney injury (0.4% vs. 0.2%). Sensitivity analysis showed similar outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This multicenter observational study in Japan showed that antibiotic prescriptions were associated with lower 28-day and in-hospital mortalities and an increased CDI risk in non-critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Imai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Mizuno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shota Takahashi
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideya Itagaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Department of Social and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Makiko Yoshida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of the Crisis Management Network for Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shiro Endo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Department of Social and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of the Crisis Management Network for Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eiichi N. Kodama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Karuppaiah G, Vashist A, Nair M, Veerapandian M, Manickam P. Emerging trends in point-of-care biosensing strategies for molecular architectures and antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2023; 13:100324. [PMID: 36844889 PMCID: PMC9941073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a viral pandemic then ravaged many countries worldwide. In the recent years, point-of-care (POC) biosensors combined with state-of-the-art bioreceptors, and transducing systems enabled the development of novel diagnostic tools for rapid and reliable detection of biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2. The present review thoroughly summarises and discusses various biosensing strategies developed for probing SARS-CoV-2 molecular architectures (viral genome, S Protein, M protein, E protein, N protein and non-structural proteins) and antibodies as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19. This review discusses the various structural components of SARS-CoV-2, their binding regions and the bioreceptors used for recognizing the structural components. The various types of clinical specimens investigated for rapid and POC detection of SARS-CoV-2 is also highlighted. The importance of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in improving the biosensor performance for real-time and reagent-free monitoring the biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 is also summarized. This review also encompasses existing practical challenges and prospects for developing new POC biosensors for clinical monitoring of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Vashist
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Murugan Veerapandian
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ulinici M, Covantev S, Wingfield-Digby J, Beloukas A, Mathioudakis AG, Corlateanu A. Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:561. [PMID: 34198591 PMCID: PMC8231764 DOI: 10.3390/life11060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ulinici
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Discipline Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Serghei Covantev
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - James Wingfield-Digby
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (J.W.-D.); (A.G.M.)
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Alexander G. Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (J.W.-D.); (A.G.M.)
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
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Ulinici M, Covantev S, Wingfield-Digby J, Beloukas A, Mathioudakis AG, Corlateanu A. Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life11060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19.
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