1
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Xu G, Zhang W, Zhu G, Xia H, Zhang H, Xie Q, Jin P, Zhang H, Yi C, Zhang R, Ji L, Shui T, Moloto N, She W, Sun Z. Potential Gradient-Driven Dual-Functional Electrochromic and Electrochemical Device Based on a Shared Electrode Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401948. [PMID: 38769650 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The integration of electrochromic devices and energy storage systems in wearable electronics is highly desirable yet challenging, because self-powered electrochromic devices often require an open system design for continuous replenishment of the strong oxidants to enable the coloring/bleaching processes. A self-powered electrochromic device has been developed with a close configuration by integrating a Zn/MnO2 ionic battery into the Prussian blue (PB)-based electrochromic system. Zn and MnO2 electrodes, as dual shared electrodes, the former one can reduce the PB electrode to the Prussian white (PW) electrode and serves as the anode in the battery; the latter electrode can oxidize the PW electrode to its initial state and acts as the cathode in the battery. The bleaching/coloring processes are driven by the gradient potential between Zn/PB and PW/MnO2 electrodes. The as-prepared Zn||PB||MnO2 system demonstrates superior electrochromic performance, including excellent optical contrast (80.6%), fast self-bleaching/coloring speed (2.0/3.2 s for bleaching/coloring), and long-term self-powered electrochromic cycles. An air-working Zn||PB||MnO2 device is also developed with a 70.3% optical contrast, fast switching speed (2.2/4.8 s for bleaching/coloring), and over 80 self-bleaching/coloring cycles. Furthermore, the closed nature enables the fabrication of various flexible electrochromic devices, exhibiting great potentials for the next-generation wearable electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Guangjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Hanning Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Chengjie Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ruqian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lingfeng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Tao Shui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Nosipho Moloto
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Wei She
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - ZhengMing Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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2
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Li W, Zhang X, Yan D, Wang L, Sun W, Li Z, Deng J, Zhao J, Li Y. Rejuvenation of Electrochromic Devices. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300850. [PMID: 37727054 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are a hot pot due to their significant energy-saving effect in green buildings. However, the ECDs suffer from degradation induced by ion trapping during cycling, which restricts their further development. Here, it is demonstrated that the electrochromic performance of the degraded ECDs can be rejuvenated by heat treatment method The release mechanism of trapped ions in films is simulated and validated using three types of ECDs. The semi-solid-state ECD evinces a state of near-failure at low temperatures can regain its initial performance by heating. All-solid-state ECDs, including amorphous WO3 (a-WO3 ECD) and crystalline WO3 (c-WO3 ECD) as the electrochromic layer, can also release the trapped ions and regain the performance (97.3% and 95.5% of initial optical modulation) by annealing, regardless of the way of degradation. The research has extended the lifespan of multiple ECDs, providing significant practical value and promoting sustainable, and eco-friendly development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, P. R. China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dukang Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lebin Wang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wenhai Sun
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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3
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Abstract
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With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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4
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Guo X, Chen J, Eh ALS, Poh WC, Jiang F, Jiang F, Chen J, Lee PS. Heat-Insulating Black Electrochromic Device Enabled by Reversible Nickel-Copper Electrodeposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20237-20246. [PMID: 35467337 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An electrochromic device (ECD), which can switch between black and transmissive states under electrical bias, is a promising candidate for smart windows due to its color neutrality and excellent durability. Most of the black ECDs are achieved through a reversible electrodeposition and dissolution mechanism; however, they typically suffer from relatively poor cycling stability and a slow coloration/bleaching time. Herein, we present a heat-insulating black ECD with a gel electrolyte that operates via reversible Ni-Cu electrodeposition and dissolution. With the adoption of a Cu alloying strategy and a compatible gel electrolyte, this two-electrode ECD (5.0 cm × 2.5 cm) can achieve a cycling stability of 1500 cycles with transmittance modulation up to 55.2% in short coloration (6.2 s) and bleaching times (13.2 s) at a wavelength of 550 nm. Additionally, the ECD can be switched from the transparent state (visible light transmittance: 0.566) to the opaque state (visible light transmittance: 0.003) within 1 min, reaching transmittance less than 5% across the visible-near-infrared spectrum (400-2000 nm) to efficiently block solar heat. Besides, in the voltage-off state, the black Ni-Cu alloy film can be sustained for more than 60 min (at room temperature, λ = 550 nm). Under infrared irradiation (170 W/m2) for 30 min, the black ECD blocks up to 35.0% of infrared radiation, which not only effectively prevents the heat transmission for energy management but also finds potential applications for promoting indoor human health and indoor farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Alice Lee-Sie Eh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Wei Church Poh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Juntong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
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5
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Wang L, Jiao X, Chen D, Wang T. A Solar Water-Heating Smart Window by Integration of the Water Flow System and the Electrochromic Window Based on Reversible Metal Electrodeposition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104121. [PMID: 34962109 PMCID: PMC8867160 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various smart windows with dynamic modulation of the light transmittance have been developed rapidly in recent years. However, current design of the smart windows can only modulate the indoor solar irradiation instead of effectively utilize them. Here, a solar water-heating (SWH) smart window is proposed by the integration of the traditional electrochromic window and the water flow system, which can not only provide dynamic daylight modulation but also harvest the solar energy and store them by heating water. In the SWH window, the reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) not only provides daylight modulation but also provides metal layer working as a flat-plate solar collector for energy harvesting. Compared with traditional electrochromic windows, the SWH window with a water flow system can more effectively modulate the indoor temperature, owing to the significantly enhanced tunability of the thermal irradiation from the window. Compared with water-flow windows, the RME provide a metallic layer for efficient light harvesting, up to 42% solar energy can be effectively harvested and stored as hot water. Such an SWH smart window is promising to reduce the heating, lighting, and air conditioning energy consumption, which may bring new insights in the design of the next-generation green buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Xiuling Jiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Dairong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
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6
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Gong H, Ai J, Li W, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Jin Y, Wang H. Self-Driven Infrared Electrochromic Device with Tunable Optical and Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50319-50328. [PMID: 34637271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) exhibiting tunable optical and thermal modulation in the infrared (IR) region have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their attractive application prospects in both military and civilian settings. However, considering the continuous energy supply needed for driving the device operation, it is desired to develop advanced IR-ECDs with low energy consumption. Herein, a flexible self-driven IR-ECD is constructed for achieving variable optical and thermal management in a low-energy mode. In this device, a built-in potential difference of 1.36 V exists between the EC polyaniline cathode and the aluminum foil anode. Consequently, there is a rapid and obvious increase in the IR reflectance of the device after connecting the two electrodes. Such a self-driven reflectance contrast is over 20% at the wavelength of 1500 nm, and the coloration efficiency of the device reaches up to 93.6 cm2 C-1. Meanwhile, the maximum apparent temperature modulation on the surface of the device reaches up to 5.6 °C. Then, the self-driven IR-ECD could recover to its original state driven by a solar cell, indicating good reversibility and stability. We anticipate that this work may provide a new insight into developing advanced self-driven IR-ECDs for applications in dynamic military camouflage and commercial thermal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Ai
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Wanzhong Li
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jingbing Liu
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
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7
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Santra DC, Mondal S, Yoshida T, Ninomiya Y, Higuchi M. Ru(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer with Tetrakis( N-methylbenzimidazolyl)bipyridine for a Durable, Nonvolatile, and Electrochromic Device Driven at 0.6 V. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31153-31162. [PMID: 34176261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage operation, high durability, and long memory time are demanded for electrochromic (EC) display device applications. Metallo-supramolecular polymers (MSPs), composed of a metal ion and ditopic ligand, are one of the recently developed EC materials, and the ligand modification is expected to tune the redox potential of MSP. In order to lower the redox potential of MSP, tetrakis(N-methylbenzimidazolyl)bipyridine (LBip) was designed as an electronically rich ligand. Ru-based MSP (polyRu-LBip) was successfully synthesized by 1:1 complexation of RuCl2(DMSO)4 with LBip. The molecular weight (Mw) was high (8.8 × 106 Da) enough to provide a simple 1H NMR spectrum, of which the proton peaks could be assigned by the comparison with the spectrum of the corresponding mono-Ru complex. The redox potential (E1/2) between Ru(II/III) was 0.51 V versus Ag/Ag+, which was much lower than the redox potential of previously reported Ru-based MSP with bis(terpyridyl)benzene (0.95 V vs Ag/Ag+). The polymer film exhibited reversible, distinct color changes between violet and light green-yellow upon applying very low potentials of 0 and 0.6 V vs Ag/Ag+, respectively. The appearance and disappearance of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption by the electrochemical redox between Ru(II/III) were confirmed using in situ spectro-electrochemical measurement. A solid-state EC device with polyRu-LBip was revealed to have large optical contrast (ΔT 54%), fast response time (1.37 s for bleaching and 0.67 s for coloration), remarkable coloration efficiency (571 cm2/C), and high durability for the repeated color changes more than 20,000 cycles. The device also showed a long optical memory time of up to 19 h to maintain 40% to the initial contrast under the open circuit conditions. It is considered that the stabilization of the Ru(III) state by LBip suppressed the self-coloring to Ru(II) inside the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dines Chandra Santra
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Lu Z, Zhong X, Liu X, Wang J, Diao X. Energy storage electrochromic devices in the era of intelligent automation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14126-14145. [PMID: 34164640 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current intelligent automation society faces increasingly severe challenges in achieving efficient storage and utilization of energy. In the field of energy applications, various energy technologies need to be more intelligent and efficient to produce, store, transform and save energy. In addition, many smart electronic devices facing the future also require newer, lighter, thinner and even transparent multi-functional power supplies. The unique properties of electrochromic energy storage devices (ECESDs) have attracted widespread attention. In the field of energy applications, they have high potential value and competitiveness. This review focuses on the electrochromic basic principles, and the latest technological examples of ECESDs, which are related to materials and device structures. Simultaneously, this review makes a detailed comparison and summary of example performances. Moreover, the review compares the current mainstream energy storage devices: lithium batteries and supercapacitors, and the main challenges of ECESDs are discussed. Finally, the future development directions in the field of electrochromic energy storage are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Lu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolan Zhong
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Jinliang Wang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xungang Diao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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