1
|
Guo C, Jiang X, Guo X, Ou L. An Evolutionary Review of Hemoperfusion Adsorbents: Materials, Preparation, Functionalization, and Outlook. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3599-3611. [PMID: 38776416 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of pathogenic factors in the blood may cause irreversible damage and may even be life-threatening. Hemoperfusion is an effective technique for eliminating pathogenic factors, which is widely used in the treatment of various diseases including liver failure, renal failure, sepsis, and others. Hemoperfusion adsorbents are crucial in this process as they specifically bind and remove the target pathogenic factors. This review describes the development of hemoperfusion adsorbents, detailing the different properties exhibited by inorganic materials, organic polymers, and new materials. Advances in natural and synthetic polymers and novel materials manufacturing techniques have driven the expansion of hemoperfusion adsorbents in clinical applications. Stimuli-responsive (smart responsive) adsorbents with controllable molecular binding properties have many promising and environmentally friendly biomedical applications. Knowledge gaps, future research directions, and prospects for hemoperfusion adsorbents are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinbang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lailiang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kang YR, Jiao YT, Zhao CF, Zhang XW, Huang WH. Electroactive polymer tag modified nanosensors for enhanced intracellular ATP detection. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 38757525 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ATP plays a crucial role in cell energy supply, so the quantification of intracellular ATP levels is particularly important for understanding many physio-pathological processes. The intracellular quantification of this non-electroactive molecule can be realized using aptamer-modified nanoelectrodes, but is hindered by the limited quantity of modification and electroactive tags on the nanosized electrodes. Herein, we developed a simple but effective electrochemical signal amplification strategy for intracellular ATP detection, which replaces the regular ATP aptamer-linked ferrocene monomer with a polymer, thus greatly magnifying the amounts of electrochemical reporters linked to one chain of the aptamer and enhancing the signals. This ferrocene polymer-ATP aptamer was further immobilized onto Au nanowire electrodes (SiC@C@Au NWEs) to achieve accurate quantification of intracellular ATP in single cells, presenting high electrochemical signal output and high specificity. This work not only provides a powerful tool for quantifying intracellular ATP but also offers a simple and versatile strategy for electrochemical signal amplification in the detection of broader non-electroactive molecules involved in different kinds of intracellular physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Kang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Ting Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Chen-Fei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu X, Yin R, Jeong J, Matyjaszewski K. Robust Miniemulsion PhotoATRP Driven by Red and Near-Infrared Light. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13417-13426. [PMID: 38691625 PMCID: PMC11099965 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced polymerization techniques have gathered significant attention due to their mild conditions, spatiotemporal control, and simple setup. In addition to homogeneous media, efforts have been made to implement photopolymerization in emulsions as a practical and greener process. However, previous photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) in heterogeneous media has relied on short-wavelength lights, which have limited penetration depth, resulting in slow polymerization and relatively poor control. In this study, we demonstrate the first example of a highly efficient photoinduced miniemulsion ATRP in the open air driven by red or near-infrared (NIR) light. This was facilitated by the utilization of a water-soluble photocatalyst, methylene blue (MB+). Irradiation by red/NIR light allowed for efficient excitation of MB+ and subsequent photoreduction of the ATRP deactivator in the presence of water-soluble electron donors to initiate and mediate the polymerization process. The NIR light-driven miniemulsion photoATRP provided a successful synthesis of polymers with low dispersity (1.09 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.29) and quantitative conversion within an hour. This study further explored the impact of light penetration on polymerization kinetics in reactors of varying sizes and a large-scale reaction (250 mL), highlighting the advantages of longer-wavelength light, particularly NIR light, for large-scale polymerization in dispersed media owing to its superior penetration. This work opens new avenues for robust emulsion photopolymerization techniques, offering a greener and more practical approach with improved control and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Serkhacheva NS, Prokopov NI, Lysenko EA, Kozhunova EY, Chernikova EV. Modern Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1408. [PMID: 38794601 PMCID: PMC11125046 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful and versatile technique for producing colloidal dispersions of block copolymer particles with desired morphologies. Currently, PISA can be carried out in various media, over a wide range of temperatures, and using different mechanisms. This method enables the production of biodegradable objects and particles with various functionalities and stimuli sensitivity. Consequently, PISA offers a broad spectrum of potential commercial applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of rational synthesis of block copolymer particles with diverse morphologies using various PISA techniques and mechanisms. The discussion begins with an examination of the main thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural aspects of block copolymer micellization, followed by an exploration of the key principles of PISA in the formation of gradient and block copolymers. The review also delves into the main mechanisms of PISA implementation and the principles governing particle morphology. Finally, the potential future developments in PISA are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Serkhacheva
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, pr. Vernadskogo, 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nickolay I. Prokopov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, pr. Vernadskogo, 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgenii A. Lysenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Kozhunova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Chernikova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeong J, Hu X, Yin R, Fantin M, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Nucleic Acid-Binding Dyes as Versatile Photocatalysts for Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13598-13606. [PMID: 38691811 PMCID: PMC11100002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-binding dyes (NuABDs) are fluorogenic probes that light up after binding to nucleic acids. Taking advantage of their fluorogenicity, NuABDs have been widely utilized in the fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology for diagnostic and analytical applications. We demonstrate the potential of NuABDs together with an appropriate nucleic acid scaffold as an intriguing photocatalyst for precisely controlled atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Additionally, we systematically investigated the thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of the dyes, providing insights into the mechanism that drives the photopolymerization. The versatility of the NuABD-based platform was also demonstrated through successful polymerizations using several NuABDs in conjunction with diverse nucleic acid scaffolds, such as G-quadruplex DNA or DNA nanoflowers. This study not only extends the horizons of controlled photopolymerization but also broadens opportunities for nucleic acid-based materials and technologies, including nucleic acid-polymer biohybrids and stimuli-responsive ATRP platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu S, Shi G, He Y, Qiao X, Pang X. BaTiO 3 Catalyzed Ultrasonic-Driven Piezoelectric-Induced Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization in Aqueous Media. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400235. [PMID: 38742492 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Compared with normal stimulus such as light and heat, ultrasonic possesses much deeper penetration into tissues and organs and has lower scattering in heterogeneous systems as a noninvasive stimulus. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT) in aqueous media is performed in a commercial ultrasonic wash bath with 40 kHz frequency ultrasonic, in the presence of piezoelectric tetragonal BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles. Owing to the electron transfer from BTO under the ultrasonic action, the water can be decomposed to produce hydroxyl radical (HO•) and initiate the RAFT polymerization (piezo-RAFT). The piezo-RAFT polymerization exhibits features of controllable and livingness, such as linear increase of molar mass and narrow molar mass distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.20). Excellent temporal control of the polymerization and the chain fidelity of polymers are illustrated by "ON and OFF" experiment and chain extension, separately. Moreover, this ultrasonic-driven piezoelectric-induced RAFT polymerization in aqueous media can be directly used for the preparation of piezoelectric hydrogel which have potential application for stress sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junle Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Fiber Preparation and Modification, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hughes RW, Marquez JD, Young JB, Garrison JB, Zastrow IS, Evans AM, Sumerlin BS. Selective Electrochemical Modification and Degradation of Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403026. [PMID: 38416815 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that electrochemical-induced decarboxylation enables reliable post-polymerization modification and degradation of polymers. Polymers containing N-(acryloxy)phthalimides were subjected to electrochemical decarboxylation under mild conditions, which led to the formation of transient alkyl radicals. By installing these redox-active units, we systematically modified the pendent groups and chain ends of polyacrylates. This approach enabled the production of poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) and poly(propylene-co-methyl acrylate) copolymers, which are difficult to synthesize by direct polymerization. Spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques reveal these transformations are near-quantitative on several polymer systems. Electrochemical decarboxylation also enables the degradation of all-methacrylate poly(N-(methacryloxy)phthalimide-co-methyl methacrylate) copolymers with a degradation efficiency of >95 %. Chain cleavage is achieved through the decarboxylation of the N-hydroxyphthalimide ester and subsequent β-scission of the backbone radical. Electrochemistry is thus shown to be a powerful tool in selective polymer transformations and controlled macromolecular degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys W Hughes
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Joshua D Marquez
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - James B Young
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - John B Garrison
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Isabella S Zastrow
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Espuche B, Moya SE, Calderón M. Nanogels: Smart tools to enlarge the therapeutic window of gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123864. [PMID: 38309484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy can potentially treat a great number of diseases, from cancer to rare genetic disorders. Very recently, the development and emergency approval of nucleic acid-based COVID-19 vaccines confirmed its strength and versatility. However, gene therapy encounters limitations due to the lack of suitable carriers to vectorize therapeutic genetic material inside target cells. Nanogels are highly hydrated nano-size crosslinked polymeric networks that have been used in many biomedical applications, from drug delivery to tissue engineering and diagnostics. Due to their easy production, tunability, and swelling properties they have called the attention as promising vectors for gene delivery. In this review, nanogels are discussed as vectors for nucleic acid delivery aiming to enlarge gene therapy's therapeutic window. Recent works highlighting the optimization of inherent transfection efficiency and biocompatibility are reviewed here. The importance of the monomer choice, along with the internal structure, surface decoration, and responsive features are outlined for the different transfection modalities. The possible sources of toxicological endpoints in nanogels are analyzed, and the strategies to limit them are compared. Finally, perspectives are discussed to identify the remining challenges for the nanogels before their translation to the market as transfection agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Espuche
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mapfumo PP, Solomun JI, Becker F, Moek E, Leiske MN, Rudolph LK, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Vitamin B3 Containing Polymers for Nanodelivery. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400002. [PMID: 38484731 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with an integrated dual delivery system enable the controlled release of bioactive molecules and drugs, providing therapeutic advantages. Key design targets include high biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and encapsulating efficiency. In this study, a polymer library derived from niacin, also known as vitamin B3 is synthesized. The library comprises poly(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl nicotinate) (PAEN), poly(2-acrylamidoethyl nicotinate) (PAAEN), and poly(N-(2-acrylamidoethyl)nicotinamide) (PAAENA), with varying hydrophilicity in the backbone and pendant group linker. All polymers are formulated, and those with increased hydrophobicity yield NPs with homogeneous spherical distribution and diameters below 150 nm, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation studies utilizing a model drug, neutral lipid orange (NLO), reveal the influence of polymer backbone on encapsulation efficiency. Specifically, efficiencies of 46% and 96% are observed with acrylate and acrylamide backbones, respectively. Biological investigations showed that P(AEN) and P(AAEN) NPs are non-toxic up to 300 µg mL-1, exhibit superior cellular uptake, and boost cell metabolic activity. The latter is attributed to the cellular release of niacin, a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a central coenzyme in metabolism. The results underline the potential of nutrient-derived polymers as pro-nutrient and drug-delivery materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prosper P Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Friedrich Becker
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moek
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Meike N Leiske
- Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lenhard K Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan X, Li J, Li Z, Li Q, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Tuning the Mechanical Properties of 3D-printed Objects by the RAFT Process: From Chain-Growth to Step-Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318564. [PMID: 38230985 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced 3D printing based on the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process has emerged as a robust method for creating diverse functional materials. However, achieving precise control over the mechanical properties of these printed objects remains a critical challenge for practical application. Here, we demonstrated a RAFT step-growth polymerization of a bifunctional xanthate and bifunctional vinyl acetate. Additionally, we demonstrated photoinduced 3D printing through RAFT step-growth polymerization with a tetrafunctional xanthate and a bifunctional vinyl acetate. By adjusting the molar ratio of the components in the printing resins, we finely tuned the polymerization mechanism from step-growth to chain-growth. This adjustment resulted in a remarkable range of tunable Young's moduli, ranging from 7.6 MPa to 997.1 MPa. Moreover, post-functionalization and polymer welding of the printed objects with varying mechanical properties opens up a promising way to produce tailor-made materials with specific and tunable properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang H, Yan R, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhong X, Liu S, Xie R, Ren L. Functional nano drug delivery system with dual lubrication and immune escape for treating osteoarthritis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:2167-2179. [PMID: 37730470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery via inter-articular injection offers a promising scenario to treat the most common joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA), which is closely associated with the increased friction or cartilage degeneration and the inflammatory syndrome of synovium. Therefore, it is quite necessary to improve the retention of drug delivery system within synovial joint, simultaneously restore the lubrication of degraded cartilage and meanwhile alleviate the inflammation. In this study, we propose a hydrophilic coating modified nano-liposome drug carrier (PMPC-Lipo) to achieve these functions. A modified chain transfer agent was utilized to polymerize 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), the obtained polymer, combined with lecithin and cholesterol, formed a liposome (PMPC-Lipo) where poly (MPC) acted as hydrophilic coating. PMPC-Lipo was found to restore the lubrication of mechanically damage cartilage (mimicking OA conditions) to the level like healthy cartilage due to the hydration lubrication. Additionally, due to the presence of poly (MPC), we also found PMPC-Lipo avoid the recognition of macrophage and thus escape from the phagocytosis to prolong its retention in synovial joint. Furthermore, after encapsulating gallic acid (GA) into PMPC-Lipo, the obtained GA-PMPC-Lipo can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species and restore the imbalance of matrix secretion in inflammatory chondrocytes. Collectively, the proposed GA-PMPC-Lipo may provide a new idea for osteoarthritis treatment by providing both long-term effective drug action and excellent lubrication properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuyi Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - XiuPeng Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sa Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vasylyshyn T, Patsula V, Filipová M, Konefal RL, Horák D. Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-encapsulated upconverting nanoparticles prepared by miniemulsion polymerization: morphology, chemical stability, antifouling properties and toxicity evaluation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6979-6989. [PMID: 38059042 PMCID: PMC10697003 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00793f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In this report, upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles (UCNPs) were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide chlorides and encapsulated in poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMMA). The UCNP surface was first treated with hydrophobic penta(propylene glycol) methacrylate phosphate (SIPO) to improve colloidal stability and enable encapsulation by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer miniemulsion polymerization (RAFT) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in water, followed by its hydrolysis. The resulting UCNP-containing PGMMA particles (UCNP@PGMMA), hundreds of nanometers in diameter, were thoroughly characterized by transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), infrared (FTIR) and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in terms of particle morphology, size, polydispersity, luminescence, and composition. The morphology, typically raspberry-like, depended on the GMA/UCNP weight ratio. Coating of the UCNPs with hydrophilic PGMMA provided the UCNPs with antifouling properties while enhancing chemical stability and reducing the cytotoxicity of neat UCNPs to a non-toxic level. In addition, it will allow the binding of molecules such as photosensitizers, thus expanding the possibilities for use in various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taras Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Rafal Lukasz Konefal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 162 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen H, Borjigin T, Regeard C, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. 5,12-Dihydroindolo[3,2-a]Carbazole Derivatives-Based Water Soluble Photoinitiators for 3D Antibacterial Hydrogels Preparation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300772. [PMID: 36866501 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Indolo[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids have drawn a growing interest in recent years owing to their potential electrical and optical properties. With 5,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole serving as the scaffold, two novel carbazole derivatives are synthesized in this study. Both compounds are extremely soluble in water, with solubility surpassing 7% in weight. Intriguingly, the introduction of aromatic substituents contributed to drastically reduce the π-stacking ability of carbazole derivatives, while the presence of the sulfonic acid groups enables the resulting carbazoles remarkably soluble in water, allowing them to be used as especially efficient water-soluble PIs in conjunction with co-initiators, i.e., triethanolamine and the iodonium salt, respectively, employed as electron donor and acceptor. Surprisingly, multi-component photoinitiating systems based on these synthesized carbazole derivatives could be used for the in situ preparation of hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles via laser write procedure with a light emitting diode (LED)@405 nm as light source, and the produced hydrogels display antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timur Borjigin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Regeard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS-CEA, Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma Q, Qiao GG, An Z. Visible Light Photoiniferter Polymerization for Dispersity Control in High Molecular Weight Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314729. [PMID: 37814139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymers with high molecular weights, controlled sequence, and tunable dispersities remains a challenge. A simple and effective visible-light controlled photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported here to realize this goal. Key to this strategy is the use of switchable RAFT agents (SRAs) to tune polymerization activities coupled with the inherent highly living nature of photoiniferter RAFT polymerization. The polymerization activities of SRAs were in situ adjusted by the addition of acid. In addition to a switchable chain-transfer coefficient, photolysis and polymerization kinetic studies revealed that neutral and protonated SRAs showed different photolysis and polymerization rates, which is unique to photoiniferter RAFT polymerization in terms of dispersity control. This strategy features no catalyst, no exogenous radical source, temporal regulation by visible light, and tunable dispersities in the unprecedented high molecular weight regime (up to 500 kg mol-1 ). Pentablock copolymers with three different dispersity combinations were also synthesized, highlighting that the highly living nature was maintained even for blocks with large dispersities. Tg was lowered for high-dispersity polymers of similar MWs due to the existence of more low-MW polymers. This strategy holds great potential for the synthesis of advanced materials with controlled molecular weight, dispersity and sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307329. [PMID: 37429822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization induced microphase separation (PIMS) is a strategy used to develop unique nanostructures with highly useful morphologies through the microphase separation of emergent block copolymers during polymerization. In this process, nanostructures are formed with at least two chemically independent domains, where at least one domain is composed of a robust crosslinked polymer. Crucially, this synthetically simple method is readily used to develop nanostructured materials with the highly coveted co-continuous morphology, which can also be converted into mesoporous materials by selective etching of one domain. As PIMS exploits a block copolymer microphase separation mechanism, the size of each domain can be tightly controlled by modifying the size of block copolymer precursors, thus providing unparalleled control over nanostructure and resultant mesopore sizes. Since its inception 11 years ago, PIMS has been used to develop a vast inventory of advanced materials for an extensive range of applications including biomedical devices, ion exchange membranes, lithium-ion batteries, catalysis, 3D printing, and fluorescence-based sensors, among many others. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the PIMS process, summarize latest developments in PIMS chemistry, and discuss its utility in a wide variety of relevant applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tanimoto T, Uchiyama M, Kamigaito M. Cationic β-Scission of C-H and C-C Bonds for Selective Dimerization and Subsequent Sulfur-Free RAFT Polymerization of α-Methylstyrene and Isobutylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307791. [PMID: 37527192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of exo-olefin compounds ((CH3 )2 C(PhY)-CH2 C(=CH2 )PhY) were prepared by selective cationic dimerization of α-methylstyrene (αMS) derivatives (CH2 =C(CH3 )PhY) with p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) via β-C-H scission. They were subsequently used as reversible chain transfer agents for sulfur-free cationic RAFT polymerization of αMS via β-C-C scission in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts such as SnCl4 . In particular, exo-olefin compounds with electron-donating substituents, such as a 4-MeO group (Y) on the aromatic ring, worked as efficient cationic RAFT agents for αMS to produce poly(αMS) with controlled molecular weights and exo-olefin terminals. Other exo-olefin compounds (R-CH2 C(=CH2 )(4-MeOPh)) with various R groups were prepared by different methods to examine the effects of R groups on the cationic RAFT polymerization. A sulfur-free cationic RAFT polymerization also proceeded for isobutylene (IB) with the exo-olefin αMS dimer ((CH3 )2 C(Ph)-CH2 C(=CH2 )Ph). Furthermore, telechelic poly(IB) with exo-olefins at both terminals was obtained with a bifunctional RAFT agent containing two exo-olefins. Finally, block copolymers of αMS and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared via mechanistic transformation from cationic to radical RAFT polymerization using exo-olefin terminals containing 4-MeOPh groups as common sulfur-free RAFT groups for both cationic and radical polymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanimoto
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Haktaniyan M, Sharma R, Bradley M. Size-Controlled Ammonium-Based Homopolymers as Broad-Spectrum Antibacterials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37627740 PMCID: PMC10452032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium group containing polymers possess inherent antimicrobial properties, effectively eliminating or preventing infections caused by harmful microorganisms. Here, homopolymers based on monomers containing ammonium groups were synthesized via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) and evaluated as potential antibacterial agents. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive (M. luteus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium). Three polymers, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), and poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride), were examined to explore the effect of molecular weight (10 kDa, 20 kDa, and 40 kDa) on their antimicrobial activity and toxicity to mammalian cells. The mechanisms of action of the polymers were investigated with dye-based assays, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed collapsed and fused bacterial morphologies due to the interactions between the polymers and components of the bacterial cell envelope, with some polymers proving to be bactericidal and others bacteriostatic, while being non-hemolytic. Among all the homopolymers, the most active, non-Gram-specific polymer was poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 16 and 64 µg/mL, showing a bactericidal mode of action mediated by disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. This homopolymer could be useful in biomedical applications such as surface dressings and in areas such as eye infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Haktaniyan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Richa Sharma
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, Empire House, London E1 1HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Santha Kumar ARS, Allison-Logan S, Finnegan JR, Singha NK, Ashokkumar M, Qiao G. Visible Light-Accelerated Photoiniferter Polymerization in Ionic Liquid. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1012-1018. [PMID: 37428477 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ionic liquids on the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization mediated by a visible-light-induced photoiniferter mechanism was investigated. N,N-Dimethyl acrylamide was polymerized by photoiniferter polymerization in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [EMIM][EtSO4] ionic liquid. We observed a considerable increase in the polymerization rate constants in ionic liquids (ILs), as well as in the mixed solvent of water and the IL, compared to those observed with water alone as the solvent. To demonstrate the robustness of the process, block copolymers with varying block ratios were synthesized with precise control over their molecular weight and mass dispersity (Đ). The very high chain-end fidelity provided by the photoiniferter polymerization in IL was described by using MALDI-ToF MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunjunai R S Santha Kumar
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, WB, India
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - John R Finnegan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Nikhil K Singha
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, WB, India
| | | | - Greg Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
William N, Mangan S, Ben RN, Acker JP. Engineered Compounds to Control Ice Nucleation and Recrystallization. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:333-362. [PMID: 37104651 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082222-015243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest concerns in the subzero storage of cells, tissues, and organs is the ability to control the nucleation or recrystallization of ice. In nature, evidence of these processes, which aid in sustaining internal temperatures below the physiologic freezing point for extended periods of time, is apparent in freeze-avoidant and freeze-tolerant organisms. After decades of studying these proteins, we now have easily accessible compounds and materials capable of recapitulating the mechanisms seen in nature for biopreser-vation applications. The output from this burgeoning area of research can interact synergistically with other novel developments in the field of cryobiology, making it an opportune time for a review on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishaka William
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Sophia Mangan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rob N Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Thompson SW, Rho JY, Perrier S, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via RAFT emulsion polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3438-3469. [PMID: 37093560 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A multiblock copolymer is a polymer of a specific structure that consists of multiple covalently linked segments, each comprising a different monomer type. The control of the monomer sequence has often been described as the "holy grail" of synthetic polymer chemistry, with the ultimate goal being synthetic access to polymers of a "perfect" structure, where each monomeric building block is placed at a desired position along the polymer chain. Given that polymer properties are intimately linked to the microstructure and monomer distribution along the constituent chains, it goes without saying that there exist seemingly endless opportunities in terms of fine-tuning the properties of such materials by careful consideration of the length of each block, the number and order of blocks, and the inclusion of monomers with specific functional groups. The area of multiblock copolymer synthesis remains relatively unexplored, in particular with regard to structure-property relationships, and there are currently significant opportunities for the design and synthesis of advanced materials. The present review focuses on the synthesis of multiblock copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization implemented as aqueous emulsion polymerization. RAFT emulsion polymerization offers intriguing opportunities not only for the advanced synthesis of multiblock copolymers, but also provides access to polymeric nanoparticles of specific morphologies. Precise multiblock copolymer synthesis coupled with self-assembly offers material morphology control on length scales ranging from a few nanometers to a micrometer. It is imperative that polymer chemists interact with physicists and material scientists to maximize the impact of these materials of the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- MACROARC, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Steven W Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Julia Y Rho
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Imrie P, Diegel O, Jin J. Direct-ink-write 3D printing of “living” polymer hydrogels via type I photoinitiated RAFT polymerization. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
22
|
Bagheri A. Application of RAFT in 3D Printing: Where Are the Future Opportunities? Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bagheri
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xue T, Wei Y, Yu C, Zhou Z, Zhang F. RAFT polymerization of MMA in channels of different mesoporous materials. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
24
|
Thien GSH, Chan KY, Marlinda AR. The Role of Polymers in Halide Perovskite Resistive Switching Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051067. [PMID: 36904308 PMCID: PMC10007671 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, halide perovskites (HPs) are gaining traction in multiple applications, such as photovoltaics and resistive switching (RS) devices. In RS devices, the high electrical conductivity, tunable bandgap, good stability, and low-cost synthesis and processing make HPs promising as active layers. Additionally, the use of polymers in improving the RS properties of lead (Pb) and Pb-free HP devices was described in several recent reports. Thus, this review explored the in-depth role of polymers in optimizing HP RS devices. In this review, the effect of polymers on the ON/OFF ratio, retention, and endurance properties was successfully investigated. The polymers were discovered to be commonly utilized as passivation layers, charge transfer enhancement, and composite materials. Hence, further HP RS improvement integrated with polymers revealed promising approaches to delivering efficient memory devices. Based on the review, detailed insights into the significance of polymers in producing high-performance RS device technology were effectively understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Soon How Thien
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Yoong Chan
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ab Rahman Marlinda
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Z, Debuigne A. Radical Polymerization of Methylene Heterocyclic Compounds: Functional Polymer Synthesis and Applications. POLYM REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2023.2181819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Chemistry Department, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Chemistry Department, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang H, Zhao R, Lu Z, Xiao L, Hou L. Recognition of “Oxygen-/Water-Fueled” PET-RAFT Protocol Matched to Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Xiao
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li R, Kong W, An Z. Controlling Radical Polymerization with Biocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li XL, Ma K, Xu F, Xu TQ. Advances in the Synthesis of Chemically Recyclable Polymers. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201167. [PMID: 36623942 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials. However, the accumulation of polymer materials and their evolution in the environment causes not only serious environmental problems, but also waste of resources. Although physical processing can be used to reuse polymers, the properties of the resulting polymers are significantly degraded. Chemically recyclable polymers, a type of polymer that degrades into monomers, can be an effective solution to the degradation of polymer properties caused by physical recycling of polymers. The ideal chemical recycling of polymers, i. e., quantitative conversion of the polymer to monomers at low energy consumption and repolymerization of the formed monomers into polymers with comparable properties to the original, is an attractive research goal. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the design of recyclable polymers, enabling the regulation of the "polymerization-depolymerization" equilibrium and closed-loop recycling under mild conditions. This review will focus on the following aspects of closed-loop recycling of poly(sulfur) esters, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyolefins, and poly(disulfide) polymer, illustrate the challenges in this area, and provide an outlook on future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Kai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Effects of UV energy on photo-initiated RAFT process of N-vinyl pyrrolidone. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
30
|
Yu C, Song J, Kim TI, Lee Y, Kwon Y, Kim J, Park J, Choi J, Doh J, Min SK, Cho S, Kwon MS. Silver Sulfide Nanocrystals as a Biocompatible and Full-Spectrum Photocatalyst for Efficient Light-Driven Polymerization under Aqueous and Ambient Conditions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yungyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang Y, Zhu H, Chen J, Ma Q, Liao S. Linear Cyclobutane-Containing Polymer Synthesis via [2 + 2] Photopolymerization in an Unconfined Environment under Visible Light. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1336-1342. [PMID: 36394547 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photopolymerization of diolefinic monomers is an appealing approach for the construction of polymeric materials. Herein, we demonstrate that the establishment of an effective donor-acceptor conjugation by introducing electron-donating alkoxy groups at appropriate positions of the benzene ring could activate p-phenylenediacrylate (PDA), thus enabling the development of the first solution [2 + 2] photopolymerization of such monomers under the irradiation of visible light. Variation on the alkoxy groups and the ester parts could allow access to a series of linear cyclobutane-containing polymer products with high molecular weight (up to 140 kDa) and good solubility in common solvents. Further, temporal control and postpolymerization modification with preinstalled pendant C═C bonds via thiol-ene click reaction are also demonstrated with this [2 + 2] photopolymerization system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
MUTLUTÜRK E, ÇAYKARA T. Synthesis and kinetic analysis of poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) brushes via surface initiated RAFT polymerization. Turk J Chem 2022; 47:185-195. [PMID: 37720872 PMCID: PMC10504005 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer brushes are promising many applications as smart materials and biocompatible surfaces. Surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is one of the most effective techniques for synthesis of well-defined polymer brushes. Herein, a biocompatible, uniform and stable poly(N-acryloylmorpholine)-silicon hybrid system was achieved using surface-initiated RAFT polymerization. Evidence of a well-controlled surface-initiated RAFT polymerization was confirmed by a linear increase of number average molecular weight (Mn) with overall monomer conversions. Water contact angle, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy verified the presence of poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) (poly(NAM)) on silicon wafers. The grafting density (σ) and the average distance between grafting points (D) were estimated to be 0.58 chains/nm2 and 1.5 nm, respectively. The ratio of D value to radius of gyration (Rg) value is smaller than 1 (D/2Rg < 1), which corresponds to the brush regime of all grafted poly(NAM) films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esma MUTLUTÜRK
- Department of Chemistry, Polatlı Faculty of Science and Letters, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Tuncer ÇAYKARA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara,
Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nazari S, Abdelrasoul A. Impact of Membrane Modification and Surface Immobilization Techniques on the Hemocompatibility of Hemodialysis Membranes: A Critical Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1063. [PMID: 36363617 PMCID: PMC9698264 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant research efforts, hemodialysis patients have poor survival rates and low quality of life. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are the core of hemodialysis treatment, acting as a barrier for metabolic waste removal and supplying vital nutrients. So, developing a durable and suitable membrane that may be employed for therapeutic purposes is crucial. Surface modificationis a useful solution to boostmembrane characteristics like roughness, charge neutrality, wettability, hemocompatibility, and functionality, which are important in dialysis efficiency. The modification techniques can be classified as follows: (i) physical modification techniques (thermal treatment, polishing and grinding, blending, and coating), (ii) chemical modification (chemical methods, ozone treatment, ultraviolet-induced grafting, plasma treatment, high energy radiation, and enzymatic treatment); and (iii) combination methods (physicochemical). Despite the fact that each strategy has its own set of benefits and drawbacks, all of these methods yielded noteworthy outcomes, even if quantifying the enhanced performance is difficult. A hemodialysis membrane with outstanding hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility can be achieved by employing the right surface modification and immobilization technique. Modified membranes pave the way for more advancement in hemodialysis membrane hemocompatibility. Therefore, this critical review focused on the impact of the modification method used on the hemocompatibility of dialysis membranes while covering some possible modifications and basic research beyond clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Nazari
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Amira Abdelrasoul
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang H, Wang J, Feng J, Rao Y, Xu Z, Zu J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Chen H. Artificial Extracellular Matrix Composed of Heparin-Mimicking Polymers for Efficient Anticoagulation and Promotion of Endothelial Cell Proliferation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50142-50151. [PMID: 36302722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-mimicking polymers have emerged as an alternative to heparin to construct effective and safe anticoagulant surfaces. However, the present heparin-mimicking polymers are usually limited to the combinations of glucose and sulfonic acid units, and the structure origin of their anticoagulant properties remains vague. Inspired by the structure of natural heparin, we synthesized a series of novel heparin-mimicking polymers (named GSAs) composed of three units, glucose, sulfonic acid, and carboxylic acid. Then, we constructed artificial extracellular matrices composed of GSAs and two typical cationic polymers, polyethyleneimine and chitosan, to investigate the anticoagulation and endothelialization of GSAs. By changing the ratio of the three units, their functions in the matrices were studied systematically. We found that an increase in the sulfonic acid content enhanced surface anticoagulant activity, an increase in glucose and sulfonic acid content promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells, and an increase in the carboxylic acid content inhibited the adherence of human umbilical vein vascular smooth muscle cells. This work uncovers the important role of the GSAs structure to the anticoagulation properties, which sheds new light on the design and preparation of heparin-mimicking polymers for practical engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- The SIP Biointerface Engineering Research Institute, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - ZiYing Xu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - JunYi Zu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
- The SIP Biointerface Engineering Research Institute, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A Multi − Site initiation reversible Addition − Fragmentation Chain − Transfer electrochemical cocaine sensing. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Taylor NG, Reis MH, Varner TP, Rapp JL, Sarabia A, Leibfarth FA. A dual initiator approach for oxygen tolerant RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2022; 13:4798-4808. [PMID: 37799166 PMCID: PMC10552776 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00603k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations are privileged approaches for the synthesis of functional and hybrid materials. A bottleneck for conducting these processes is the need to maintain oxygen free conditions. Herein we report a broadly applicable approach to "polymerize through" oxygen using the synergistic combination of two radical initiators having different rates of homolysis. The in situ monitoring of the concentrations of oxygen and monomer simultaneously provided insight into the function of the two initiators and enabled the identification of conditions to effectively remove dissolved oxygen and control polymerization under open-to-air conditions. By understanding how the surface area to volume ratio of reaction vessels influence open-to-air polymerizations, well-defined polymers were produced using acrylate, styrenic, and methacrylate monomers, which each represent an expansion of scope for the "polymerizing through" oxygen approach. Demonstration of this method in tubular reactors using continuous flow chemistry provided a more complete structure-reactivity understanding of how reaction headspace influences PTO RAFT polymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marcus H Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Travis P Varner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Johann L Rapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexis Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wanasinghe SV, Sun M, Yehl K, Cuthbert J, Matyjaszewski K, Konkolewicz D. PET-RAFT Increases Uniformity in Polymer Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1156-1161. [PMID: 36069541 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron/energy transfer (PET)-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and conventional photoinitiated RAFT were used to synthesize polymer networks. In this study, two different metal catalysts, namely, tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N]iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)3) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP), were selected to generate two different catalytic pathways, one with Ir(ppy)3 proceeding through an energy-transfer pathway and one with ZnTPP proceeding through an electron-transfer pathway. These PET-RAFT systems were contrasted against a conventional photoinitated RAFT process. Mechanically robust materials were generated. Using bulk swelling ratios and degradable cross-linkers, the homogeneity of the networks was evaluated. Especially at high primary chain length and cross-link density, the PET-RAFT systems generated more uniform networks than those made by conventional RAFT, with the electron transfer-based ZnTPP giving superior results to those of Ir(ppy)3. The ability to deactivate radicals either by RAFT exchange or reversible coupling in PET RAFT was proposed as the mechanism that gave better control in PET-RAFT systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwanka V Wanasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Mingkang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kocaarslan A, Kaya K, Jockusch S, Yagci Y. Phenacyl Bromide as a Single‐Component Photoinitiator: Photoinduced Step‐Growth Polymerization of
N
‐Methylpyrrole and
N
‐Methylindole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208845. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kocaarslan
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department King Abdulaziz University 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
From controlled radical polymerization of vinyl ether to polymerization-induced self-assembly. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Yang Z, Chen J, Liao S. Monophosphoniums as Effective Photoredox Organocatalysts for Visible Light-Regulated Cationic RAFT Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1073-1078. [PMID: 35984378 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-regulated metal-free polymerizations have attracted considerable attention for macromolecular syntheses in recent years. However, few organic photocatalysts show high efficiency and strict photocontrol in cationic polymerizations. Herein, we introduce monophosphonium-doped polycyclic arenes as an organic photocatalyst, which features the high tunability, broad redox window, long excited state lifetime, and excellent temporal control in the cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers. A correlation of the catalytic performance and the photophysical and electrochemical properties of photocatalysts is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao B, Li J, Li Z, Lin X, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Photoinduced 3D Printing through a Combination of Cationic and Radical RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Lin
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lohmann V, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling size, shape, and charge of nanoparticles via low-energy miniemulsion and heterogeneous RAFT polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
43
|
Kocaarslan A, Kaya K, Jockusch S, Yagci Y. Phenacyl Bromide as a Single‐Component Photoinitiator: Photoinduced Step‐Growth Polymerization of
N
‐Methylpyrrole and
N
‐Methylindole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kocaarslan
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department King Abdulaziz University 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bennett MR, Moloney C, Catrambone F, Turco F, Myers B, Kovacs K, Hill PJ, Alexander C, Rawson FJ, Gurnani P. Oxygen-Tolerant RAFT Polymerization Initiated by Living Bacteria. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:954-960. [PMID: 35819106 PMCID: PMC9387098 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Living organisms can synthesize a wide range of macromolecules
from a small set of natural building blocks, yet there is potential
for even greater materials diversity by exploiting biochemical processes
to convert unnatural feedstocks into new abiotic polymers. Ultimately,
the synthesis of these polymers in situ might aid the coupling of
organisms with synthetic matrices, and the generation of biohybrids
or engineered living materials. The key step in biohybrid materials
preparation is to harness the relevant biological pathways to produce
synthetic polymers with predictable molar masses and defined architectures
under ambient conditions. Accordingly, we report an aqueous, oxygen-tolerant
RAFT polymerization platform based on a modified Fenton reaction,
which is initiated by Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34,
a bacterial species with iron-reducing capabilities. We show the synthesis
of a range of water-soluble polymers under normoxic conditions, with
control over the molar mass distribution, and also the production
of block copolymer nanoparticles via polymerization-induced self-assembly.
Finally, we highlight the benefits of using a bacterial initiation
system by recycling the cells for multiple polymerizations. Overall,
our method represents a highly versatile approach to producing well-defined
polymeric materials within a hybrid natural-synthetic polymerization
platform and in engineered living materials with properties beyond
those of biotic macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mechelle R Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Catrambone
- School of Life Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turco
- School of Pharmacy, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Myers
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Kovacs
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Hill
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Han S, Zheng Y, Sarkar J, Niino H, Chatani S, Goto A. Reversible Complexation Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (RCMP) Using Tetraalkylammonium Chloride Catalysts. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200468. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yichao Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Niino
- Hiroshima R&D Center Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 20–1 Miyuki‐cho Otake Hiroshima 739‐0693 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Hiroshima R&D Center Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 20–1 Miyuki‐cho Otake Hiroshima 739‐0693 Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Controlling polymer molecular weight distributions by light through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐hetero‐Diels–Alder click conjugation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
47
|
Preparation of C-Terminal Epitope Imprinted Particles Via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization and Zn2+ Chelating Strategy: Selective Recognition of Cytochrome c. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
48
|
Sifri RJ, Ma Y, Fors BP. Photoredox Catalysis in Photocontrolled Cationic Polymerizations of Vinyl Ethers. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1960-1971. [PMID: 35771008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusAdvances in photocontrolled polymerizations have expanded the scope of polymer architectures and structures that can be synthesized for various applications. The majority of these polymerizations have been developed for radical processes, which limits the diversity of monomers that can be used in macromolecular design. More recent developments of photocontrolled cationic polymerizations have taken a step toward addressing this limitation and have expanded the palette of monomers that can be used in stimuli-regulated polymerizations, enabling the synthesis of previously inaccessible polymeric structures. This Account will detail our group's studies on cationic polymerization processes where chain growth is regulated by light and highlight how these methods can be combined with other stimuli-controlled polymerizations to precisely dictate macromolecular structure.Photoinitiated cationic polymerizations are well-studied and important processes that have control over initiation. However, we wanted to develop systems where we had spatiotemporal control over both polymer initiation and chain growth. This additional command over the reaction provides the ability to manipulate the growing polymer with an external stimulus during a polymerization, which can be used to control structure. To achieve this goal, we set out to develop a method to photoreversibly generate a cation at a growing chain end that could participate in a controlled polymerization process. We took inspiration from previous work on cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerizations of vinyl ethers that used thiocarbonylthio chain transfer agents. These polymerizations were initiated by a strong acid and gave well-defined poly(vinyl ether)s. We posited that we could remove the acid initiator in these systems and reversibly oxidize the thiocarbonylthio chain ends in these reactions with a photocatalyst to give a photocontrolled cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. This Account will focus on our journey to discover cationic photocontrolled polymerizations. We will summarize our initial developments and detail our mechanistic understanding of these reactions using both organic and inorganic based photocatalysts, and we will outline more recent efforts to expand cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerizations to other thioacetal initiators. Finally, we will detail how these photocontrolled cationic polymerizations can be used to switch monomer selectivity in situ using light to control polymer structure. At the end of the Account, we will discuss our vision for future potential applications of these photocontrolled cationic polymerizations in the synthesis of novel block copolymers and next generation cross-linked networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Sifri
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuting Ma
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brett P Fors
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li R, Kong W, An Z. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202033. [PMID: 35212121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis has been increasingly utilized in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) on account of its mildness, efficiency, and sustainability. In this Minireview we discuss the key roles enzymes play in RDRP, including their ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities. We use selected examples to highlight applications of Enz-RDRP in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis. We also give our reflections on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Farh MK, Gruschwitz FV, Ziegenbalg N, Abul-Futouh H, Görls H, Weigand W, Brendel JC. Dual Function of β-hydroxy Dithiocinnamic Esters: RAFT Agent and Ligand for Metal Complexation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200428. [PMID: 35751415 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) process has become a versatile tool for the preparation of defined polymers tolerating a large variety of functional groups. Several dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, xanthates, or dithiocarbamates have been developed as effective chain transfer agents (CTA), but only few examples have been reported, where the resulting end groups are directly considered for a secondary use besides controlling the polymerization. We here demonstrate that β-hydroxy dithiocinnamic esters represent a hitherto overlooked class of materials, which were originally designed for the complexation of transition metals but might as well act as reversible CTA. Modified with a suitable leaving group (R-group), these vinyl conjugated dithioesters indeed provide reasonable control over the polymerization of acrylates, acrylamides, or styrene via the RAFT process. Kinetic studies revealed linear evolutions of molar mass with conversion, while different substituents on the aromatic unit had only a minor influence. Block extensions prove the livingness of the polymer chains, although extended polymerization times may lead to side reactions. The resulting dithiocinnamic ester end groups are still able to form complexes with platinum, which verifies that the structural integrity of the end group is maintained. These findings open a versatile new route to tailor-made polymer bound metal complexes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheal K Farh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Abul-Futouh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Helmar Görls
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|