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Lu SJ, Tang L, Xiao Z, Zhang M, Guo W, Tan M, Wan Y, Xiao FX, Lin Y. Synthesis of High-Quality Bulk Single-Crystal Black Phosphorus by the Circulating Vapor Growth Approach. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11092-11101. [PMID: 38843593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP), a promising two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor material, has gained enormous attention due to its impressive properties over the past several years. Although plenty of methods have been developed to synthesize high-quality BP, most of the currently available BP materials still suffer from unsatisfactory crystallization, purity, and stability in air, hindering their practical application. A facile approach to synthesizing ultrahigh-quality single-crystal BP is of significance to shed light on the nature of 2D semiconductor materials and their massive application. In this work, we present the facile and efficient circulating vapor growth approach to growing bulk single-crystal BP. The as-grown BP material features high crystallinity and ultrahigh purity (higher than 99.999 at %), exceeding those of all the previously reported and some commercially available BP crystals. It also maintains excellent stability in air and water after 15 consecutive days of test. Moreover, the as-synthesized BP material features good thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and excellent electrical properties, as well. This study provides a new approach for the fabrication of ultrahigh-quality BP material and thus promotes its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zechen Xiao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mingwu Tan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Yan Wan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Fang-Xing Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yangming Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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2
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Zarei M, Li M, Medvedeva EE, Sharma S, Kim J, Shao Z, Walker SB, LeMieux M, Liu Q, Leu PW. Flexible Embedded Metal Meshes by Sputter-Free Crack Lithography for Transparent Electrodes and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6382-6393. [PMID: 38279914 PMCID: PMC10859897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
A facile and novel fabrication method is demonstrated for creating flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-embedded silver meshes using crack lithography, reactive ion etching (RIE), and reactive silver ink. The crack width and spacing in a waterborne acrylic emulsion polymer are controlled by the thickness of the polymer and the applied stress due to heating and evaporation. Our innovative fabrication technique eliminates the need for sputtering and ensures stronger adhesion of the metal meshes to the PET substrate. Crack trench depths over 5 μm and line widths under 5 μm have been achieved. As a transparent electrode, our flexible embedded Ag meshes exhibit a visible transmission of 91.3% and sheet resistance of 0.54 Ω/sq as well as 93.7% and 1.4 Ω/sq. This performance corresponds to figures of merit (σDC/σOP) of 7500 and 4070, respectively. For transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, the metal meshes achieve a shielding efficiency (SE) of 42 dB with 91.3% visible transmission and an EMI SE of 37.4 dB with 93.7% visible transmission. We demonstrate the highest transparent electrode performance of crack lithography approaches in the literature and the highest flexible transparent EMI shielding performance of all fabrication approaches in the literature. These metal meshes may have applications in transparent electrodes, EMI shielding, solar cells, and organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zarei
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Medvedeva
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sooraj Sharma
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jungtaek Kim
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zefan Shao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - S. Brett Walker
- Electroninks
Incorporated, Austin, Texas 78744, United States
| | - Melbs LeMieux
- Electroninks
Incorporated, Austin, Texas 78744, United States
| | - Qihan Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Paul W. Leu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Azeem W, Shahzad MK, Wong YH. Rubidium zinc trioxide perovskite materials for photovoltaic solar cell applications: A first principle calculations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23818. [PMID: 38205339 PMCID: PMC10776992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite materials are the well-known of solar cell applications and have excellent characteristics to study and explain the photocatalytic research. Exchange generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof-PBE correlation functionals and density functional theory (DFT)-based Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) software are used to inspect the structural, electrical, mechanical, and the optical aspects of Zinc-based cubic perovskite RbZnO3. The compound is found to be in a stable cubic phase according to our study. The predicted elastic characteristics also satisfy the mechanical criterion for stability. Pugh's criterion indicates that RbZnO3 is brittle. The examination shows that the electronic band structure, RbZnO3 possesses an indirect bandgap (BG) that has 4.23eV. Findings of BG analysis agree with currently available evidence. Total and partial density of states (DOS) are used in the confirmation of degree of a localized electrons in special band. Optical transitions in compound are evaluated by adjusting damping ratio for the appropriate peaks of the notional dielectric functions. On one hand, the material is a semiconductor at absolute zero. On the other hand, the dielectric function's fictitious element dispersion illustrates the wide range of values for energy transparency. This substance might therefore be used in a solar cell to capture ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Azeem
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Khuram Shahzad
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Center of Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Yew Hoong Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shen X, Xing Y, Lu J, Yu F. Detection of surface defect on flexible printed circuit via guided box improvement in GA-Faster-RCNN network. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295400. [PMID: 38051736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial defect detection is a critical aspect of production. Traditional industrial inspection algorithms often face challenges with low detection accuracy. In recent years, the adoption of deep learning algorithms, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has shown remarkable success in the field of computer vision. Our research primarily focused on developing a defect detection algorithm for the surface of Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) boards. To address the challenges of detecting small objects and objects with extreme aspect ratios in FPC defect detection for surface, we proposed a guided box improvement approach based on the GA-Faster-RCNN network. This approach involves refining bounding box predictions to enhance the precision and efficiency of defect detection in Faster-RCNN network. Through experiments, we verified that our designed GA-Faster-RCNN network achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 91.1%, representing an 8.5% improvement in detection accuracy compared to the baseline model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Shen
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guang Dong, China
| | - Yunlong Xing
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guang Dong, China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guang Dong, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guang Dong, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guang Dong, China
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Chen L, Khan A, Dai S, Bermak A, Li W. Metallic Micro-Nano Network-Based Soft Transparent Electrodes: Materials, Processes, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302858. [PMID: 37890452 PMCID: PMC10724424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Soft transparent electrodes (TEs) have received tremendous interest from academia and industry due to the rapid development of lightweight, transparent soft electronics. Metallic micro-nano networks (MMNNs) are a class of promising soft TEs that exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties, including low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance, as well as superior mechanical properties such as softness, robustness, and desirable stability. They are genuinely interesting alternatives to conventional conductive metal oxides, which are expensive to fabricate and have limited flexibility on soft surfaces. This review summarizes state-of-the-art research developments in MMNN-based soft TEs in terms of performance specifications, fabrication methods, and application areas. The review describes the implementation of MMNN-based soft TEs in optoelectronics, bioelectronics, tactile sensors, energy storage devices, and other applications. Finally, it presents a perspective on the technical difficulties and potential future possibilities for MMNN-based TE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Shuqin Dai
- Department School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Amine Bermak
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Wen‐Di Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
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Nguyen TMH, Tran MH, Bark CW. Deep-Ultraviolet Transparent Electrode Design for High-Performance and Self-Powered Perovskite Photodetector. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2979. [PMID: 37999333 PMCID: PMC10675135 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly crystalline and transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin film was prepared on a quartz substrate via RF sputtering to fabricate an efficient bottom-to-top illuminated electrode for an ultraviolet C (UVC) photodetector. Accordingly, the 26.6 nm thick ITO thin film, which was deposited using the sputtering method followed by post-annealing treatment, exhibited good transparency to deep-UV spectra (67% at a wavelength of 254 nm), along with high electrical conductivity (11.3 S/cm). Under 254 nm UVC illumination, the lead-halide-perovskite-based photodetector developed on the prepared ITO electrode in a vertical structure exhibited an excellent on/off ratio of 1.05 × 104, a superb responsivity of 250.98 mA/W, and a high specific detectivity of 4.71 × 1012 Jones without external energy consumption. This study indicates that post-annealed ITO ultrathin films can be used as electrodes that satisfy both the electrical conductivity and deep-UV transparency requirements for high-performance bottom-illuminated optoelectronic devices, particularly for use in UVC photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (T.M.H.N.); (M.H.T.)
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8
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Rho S, Kim H, Lim D, Jeong W. Fabrication and Evaluation of Embroidery-Based Electrode for EMG Smart Wear Using Moss Stitch Technique. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9012. [PMID: 37960710 PMCID: PMC10648407 DOI: 10.3390/s23219012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable 2.0 research has been conducted on the manufacture of smart fitness wear that collects bio-signals through the wearing of a textile-based electrode. Among them, the electromyography (EMG) suit measures the electrical signals generated by the muscles to check their activity, such as contraction and relaxation. General gel-type electrodes have been reported to cause skin diseases due to an uncomfortable feel and skin irritation when attached to the skin for a long time. Dry electrodes of various materials are being developed to solve this problem. Previous research has reported EMG detectio performance and conducted economic comparisons according to the size and shape of the embroidery electrode. On the other hand, these embroidery electrodes still have foreign body sensations. In this study, a moss sEMG electrode was produced with various shapes (W3 and WF) and loop lengths (1-5 mm). The optimized conditions of the embroidery-based electrodes were derived and analyzed with the tactile comfort factors and sensing performances. As the loop length of the electrode increased, MIU and Qmax increased, but the SMD decreased due to the free movement of the threads constituting the loop. Impedance and sEMG detection performance showed different trends depending on the electrode type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyeon Rho
- Material and Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (H.K.); (D.L.)
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Kim
- Material and Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (H.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Daeyoung Lim
- Material and Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (H.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Wonyoung Jeong
- Material and Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (H.K.); (D.L.)
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9
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Shan S, Li J, Liu P, Li Q, Wang X, Li X. A Microlens Array Grating for Miniature Multi-Channel Spectrometers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8381. [PMID: 37896475 PMCID: PMC10610974 DOI: 10.3390/s23208381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Most existing multi-channel spectrometers are constructed by physically stacking single-channel spectrometers, resulting in their large size, high weight, and limited number of channels. Therefore, their miniaturization is urgently needed. In this paper, a microlens array grating is designed for miniature multi-channel spectrometers. A transmissive element integrating microlens arrays and gratings, the MLAG, enables simultaneous focusing and dispersion. Using soft lithography, the MLAG was fabricated with a deviation of less than 2.2%. The dimensions are 10 mm × 10 mm × 4 mm with over 2000 available units. The MLAG spectrometer operates in the 400-700 nm wavelength range with a resolution of 6 nm. Additionally, the designed MLAG multi-channel spectrometer is experimentally verified to have independently valid cells that can be used in multichannel spectrometers. The wavelength position repeatability deviation of each cell is about 0.5 nm, and the repeatability of displacement measurements by the chromatic confocal sensor with the designed MLAG multi-channel spectrometer is less than 0.5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuonan Shan
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.S.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingwen Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.S.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (X.W.)
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyuan Liu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.S.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Qiaolin Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.S.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.S.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (X.W.)
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.S.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (X.W.)
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wang J, Wang K, Xiao F. A simple and efficient transfer method for fabricating stretchable AgNW patterns on PDMS using carboxylated cellulose nanofibers as a sacrificial layer. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9031-9039. [PMID: 37144821 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are one of the most promising materials of transparent electrodes in flexible applications. However, they still face challenges in fabricating AgNW transparent conductive films (TCFs) with excellent comprehensive performance on stretchable substrates. In this work, we developed an efficient and simple water-assisted method to completely transfer AgNW films from glass to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF-C) are introduced between the AgNW network and glass as a sacrificial layer, which is dissolved in water in the transfer process, releasing the AgNW network on the PDMS. The transferred AgNW networks show an increase of sheet resistance less than 30% and a slight decrease of transmittance. The stretchable AgNW TCFs exhibited good opto-electrical performance with a figure of merit of about 200, low surface roughness, good film uniformity, long-term stability, electrical stability and mechanical performance. Two patterning approaches based on the transfer method were proposed and fine stretchable AgNW patterns with a linewidth of 200 μm were fabricated. The fabricated stretchable AgNW patterns were used in flexible wires, a film heater and sensors as a demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaiqing Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
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Diatezo L, Le MQ, Tonellato C, Puig L, Capsal JF, Cottinet PJ. Development and Optimization of 3D-Printed Flexible Electronic Coatings: A New Generation of Smart Heating Fabrics for Automobile Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:762. [PMID: 37420995 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Textile-based Joule heaters in combination with multifunctional materials, fabrication tactics, and optimized designs have changed the paradigm of futuristic intelligent clothing systems, particularly in the automobile field. In the design of heating systems integrated into a car seat, conductive coatings via 3D printing are expected to have further benefits over conventional rigid electrical elements such as a tailored shape and increased comfort, feasibility, stretchability, and compactness. In this regard, we report on a novel heating technique for car seat fabrics based on the use of smart conductive coatings. For easier processes and integration, an extrusion 3D printer is employed to achieve multilayered thin films coated on the surface of the fabric substrate. The developed heater device consists of two principal copper electrodes (so-called power buses) and three identical heating resistors made of carbon composites. Connections between the copper power bus and the carbon resistors are made by means of sub-divide the electrodes, which is critical for electrical-thermal coupling. Finite element models (FEM) are developed to predict the heating behavior of the tested substrates under different designs. It is pointed out that the most optimized design solves important drawbacks of the initial design in terms of temperature regularity and overheating. Full characterizations of the electrical and thermal properties, together with morphological analyses via SEM images, are conducted on different coated samples, making it possible to identify the relevant physical parameters of the materials as well as confirm the printing quality. It is discovered through a combination of FEM and experimental evaluations that the printed coating patterns have a crucial impact on the energy conversion and heating performance. Our first prototype, thanks to many design optimizations, entirely meets the specifications required by the automobile industry. Accordingly, multifunctional materials together with printing technology could offer an efficient heating method for the smart textile industry with significantly improved comfort for both the designer and user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léopold Diatezo
- Electrical Department, Ladoua Campus, University Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Minh-Quyen Le
- Electrical Department, Ladoua Campus, University Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Lluis Puig
- Company TESCA-Group, 17452 Massanes, Spain
| | - Jean-Fabien Capsal
- Electrical Department, Ladoua Campus, University Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Cottinet
- Electrical Department, Ladoua Campus, University Lyon, INSA-Lyon, LGEF, EA682, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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Meng L, Wang W, Xu B, Qin J, Zhang K, Liu H. Solution-Processed Flexible Transparent Electrodes for Printable Electronics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4180-4192. [PMID: 36826227 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) have been widely witnessed in various printable electronic devices, especially those involving light. So far, solution processes have demonstrated increasing advantages in preparing FTEs not only in their mild operation conditions and high-throughput but also in the diversity in micropatterning conductive nanomaterials into networks. For the FTEs, both high transparency and high conductivity are desirable, which therefore create requirements for the conductive network by considering the trade-off relationship between the coverage and the micropatterns of the network. In addition, the conductive networks also affect the flexibility of FTEs due to the deformation during bending/stretching. Consequently, solution processes capable of micropatterning conductive nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanowires/polymers, and graphene/MXene play a crucial role in determining the performance of FTEs. Here, we reviewed recent research progress on solution-processed FTEs, including the solution processes, the solution-processable conductive nanomaterials and the substrates for making FTEs, and applications of FTEs in flexible electronics. Finally, we proposed several perspective outlooks of the FTEs, which aim at not only the enhanced performance but also the performances in extreme conditions and in integration. We believe that the review would offer inspiration for developing functional FTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Meng
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Bojie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ji Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Kejie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Ma B, Chen G, Chen Y, Xu C, Hao Q, Zhao C, Liu H. Surface-Embedded Liquid Metal Electrodes with Abrasion Resistance via Direct Magnetic Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53405-53412. [PMID: 36382935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) featuring both high conductivity and fluidity are ideal conductors for soft and stretchable electronics. However, their liquid nature is a double-edged sword in many key applications since LMs are inherently prone to mechanical damage. Although additional encapsulation is frequently used for the protection of delicate LM electrodes, it hinders the electrical interfacing with other objects for interconnection, sensing, and stimulation. Here, different from conventional patterning methods that deposit LM on or inside substrates, we for the first time report a simple strategy to create surface-embedded LM of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) circuits with mechanical damage endurance. This was achieved by using direct magnetic printing to overcome the high surface tension of LM, allowing it to be passively filled into the laser-patterned microgrooves on soft substrates. We show that the surface-embedded LM circuits are resistant to mechanical erasure, washing, and peeling. We also show the applications of our surface-embedded LM electrodes in respiration monitoring and electrical stimulation of nerves. This work provides a simple and efficient way to create mechanically reliable LM microelectrodes, holding great promise for wearable and implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Custom-Shaped Carbon Xerogel Materials by 3D Printing. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sol–gel-based carbon xerogels possess very promising properties for pollution abatement, using processes that associate adsorption and on-site electrochemical oxidation. However, combining a high exterior surface area (for efficient diffusion) and a monolithic shape (necessary for electrochemical processes) poses challenges. In this work, the shape of monolithic carbon xerogels was contrived by the use of 3D-printed molds. Several parameters were optimized: the choice of mold design, the choice of plastic, the 3D printer parameters, the solvent, and the process of dissolving the plastic. A design combining fine sticks and plates made of ABS was printed; a sol–gel carbon xerogel monolith was synthesized in it, and the mold was removed by using a combination of acetone and pyrolysis. Dissolving the plastic could be carried out by placing the material on a metallic net and leaving the dissolved ABS to settle. The resulting carbon material exhibits a high exterior surface area and good strength, leading to potential uses in the aforementioned process. The research shows that 3D printing is an efficient method of parameter optimization in pre-industrialization research, thanks to its flexibility, low cost, and ease of use.
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Altimari US, Mireya Romero Parra R, Ketut Acwin N, Majdi A, Kadhim MM, Alawsi T, Suksatan W, Ahmadi Peyghan F. Computational study of the effect of Fe-doping on the sensing characteristics of BC3 nano-sheet toward sulfur trioxide. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Improvement of the Geometric Accuracy for Microstructures by Projection Stereolithography Additive Manufacturing. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Projection stereolithography creates 3D structures by projecting patterns onto the surface of a photosensitive material layer by layer. Benefiting from high efficiency and resolution, projection stereolithography 3D printing has been widely used to fabricate microstructures. To improve the geometric accuracy of projection stereolithography 3D printing for microstructures, a compensation method based on structure optimization is proposed according to mathematical analysis and simulation tests. The performance of the proposed compensation method is verified both by the simulation and the 3D printing experiments. The results indicate that the proposed compensation method is able to significantly improve the shape accuracy and reduce the error of the feature size. The proposed compensation method is also proved to improve the dimension accuracy by 21.7%, 16.5% and 19.6% for the circular, square and triangular bosses respectively. While the improvements on the dimension accuracy by 16%, 17.6% and 13.8% for the circular, square and triangular holes are achieved with the proposed compensation method. This work is expected to provide a method to improve the geometric accuracy for 3D printing microstructures by projection stereolithography.
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Yang Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Xia J, Xu Z, Zhu S, Jin M. Preparation of Chitosan/Recombinant Human Collagen-Based Photo-Responsive Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050314. [PMID: 35621612 PMCID: PMC9141723 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen and chitosan are frequently used natural biomaterials in tissue engineering. However, most collagen is derived from animal tissue, with inconsistent quality and pathogen transmittance risks. In this context, we aimed to use a reliable Type-III recombinant human collagen (RHC) as an alternative biomaterial together with chitosan to develop novel photo-responsive bioinks for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. RHC was modified with methacrylic anhydride to obtain the RHC methacryloyl (RHCMA) and mixed with acidified chitosan (CS) to form composites CS-RHCMA. The characterizations demonstrated that the mechanical properties and the degradation of the bioinks were tunable by introducing the CS. The printabilities improved by adding CS to RHCMA, and various structures were constructed via extrusion-based 3D printing successfully. Moreover, in vitro tests confirmed that these CS-RHCMA bioinks were biocompatible as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were sustained within the constructs post-printing. The results from the current study illustrated a well-established bioinks system with the potential to construct different tissues through 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zixun Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (Z.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (M.J.)
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingjing Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (Z.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (M.J.)
| | - Shuai Zhu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (Z.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (M.J.)
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (Z.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (M.J.)
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Optical, thermal and dielectric properties of Copper Oxide (CuO)/ chitosan (CS)/ Polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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