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Kong L, Li W, Zhang T, Ma H, Cao Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Shamim A, Zheng L, Wang X, Huang W. Wireless Technologies in Flexible and Wearable Sensing: From Materials Design, System Integration to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400333. [PMID: 38652082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wireless and wearable sensors attract considerable interest in personalized healthcare by providing a unique approach for remote, noncontact, and continuous monitoring of various health-related signals without interference with daily life. Recent advances in wireless technologies and wearable sensors have promoted practical applications due to their significantly improved characteristics, such as reduction in size and thickness, enhancement in flexibility and stretchability, and improved conformability to the human body. Currently, most researches focus on active materials and structural designs for wearable sensors, with just a few exceptions reflecting on the technologies for wireless data transmission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art wireless technologies and related studies on empowering wearable sensors. The emerging functional nanomaterials utilized for designing unique wireless modules are highlighted, which include metals, carbons, and MXenes. Additionally, the review outlines the system-level integration of wireless modules with flexible sensors, spanning from novel design strategies for enhanced conformability to efficient transmitting data wirelessly. Furthermore, the review introduces representative applications for remote and noninvasive monitoring of physiological signals through on-skin and implantable wireless flexible sensing systems. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and unprecedented opportunities for wireless and wearable sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tinghao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunqiang Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Atif Shamim
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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Park W, Seo H, Kim J, Hong YM, Song H, Joo BJ, Kim S, Kim E, Yae CG, Kim J, Jin J, Kim J, Lee YH, Kim J, Kim HK, Park JU. In-depth correlation analysis between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless smart contact lens. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2828. [PMID: 38565532 PMCID: PMC10987615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tears have emerged as a promising alternative to blood for diagnosing diabetes. Despite increasing attempts to measure tear glucose using smart contact lenses, the controversy surrounding the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose still limits the clinical usage of tears. Herein, we present an in-depth investigation of the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless and soft smart contact lens for continuous monitoring of tear glucose. This smart contact lens is capable of quantitatively monitoring the tear glucose levels in basal tears excluding the effect of reflex tears which might weaken the relationship with blood glucose. Furthermore, this smart contact lens can provide an unprecedented level of continuous tear glucose data acquisition at sub-minute intervals. These advantages allow the precise estimation of lag time, enabling the establishment of the concept called 'personalized lag time'. This demonstration considers individual differences and is successfully applied to both non-diabetic and diabetic humans, as well as in animal models, resulting in a high correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunkyu Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jun Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Che-Gyem Yae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Division Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare (IIDH), Severance Hospital, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Bhatia A, Hanna J, Stuart T, Kasper KA, Clausen DM, Gutruf P. Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2205-2280. [PMID: 38382030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Advances in soft materials, miniaturized electronics, sensors, stimulators, radios, and battery-free power supplies are resulting in a new generation of fully implantable organ interfaces that leverage volumetric reduction and soft mechanics by eliminating electrochemical power storage. This device class offers the ability to provide high-fidelity readouts of physiological processes, enables stimulation, and allows control over organs to realize new therapeutic and diagnostic paradigms. Driven by seamless integration with connected infrastructure, these devices enable personalized digital medicine. Key to advances are carefully designed material, electrophysical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic systems that form implantables with mechanical properties closely matched to the target organ to deliver functionality that supports high-fidelity sensors and stimulators. The elimination of electrochemical power supplies enables control over device operation, anywhere from acute, to lifetimes matching the target subject with physical dimensions that supports imperceptible operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic building blocks of battery-free organ interfaces and related topics such as implantation, delivery, sterilization, and user acceptance. State of the art examples categorized by organ system and an outlook of interconnection and advanced strategies for computation leveraging the consistent power influx to elevate functionality of this device class over current battery-powered strategies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kevin Albert Kasper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David Marshall Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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4
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Liu X, Ye Y, Ge Y, Qu J, Liedberg B, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Smart Contact Lenses for Healthcare Monitoring and Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6817-6844. [PMID: 38407063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The eye contains a wealth of physiological information and offers a suitable environment for noninvasive monitoring of diseases via smart contact lens sensors. Although extensive research efforts recently have been undertaken to develop smart contact lens sensors, they are still in an early stage of being utilized as an intelligent wearable sensing platform for monitoring various biophysical/chemical conditions. In this review, we provide a general introduction to smart contact lenses that have been developed for disease monitoring and therapy. First, different disease biomarkers available from the ocular environment are summarized, including both physical and chemical biomarkers, followed by the commonly used materials, manufacturing processes, and characteristics of contact lenses. Smart contact lenses for eye-drug delivery with advancing technologies to achieve more efficient treatments are then introduced as well as the latest developments for disease diagnosis. Finally, sensor communication technologies and smart contact lenses for antimicrobial and other emerging bioapplications are also discussed as well as the challenges and prospects of the future development of smart contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Ying Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yuancai Ge
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
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5
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Abbasiasl T, Mirlou F, Mirzajani H, Bathaei MJ, Istif E, Shomalizadeh N, Cebecioğlu RE, Özkahraman EE, Yener UC, Beker L. A Wearable Touch-Activated Device Integrated with Hollow Microneedles for Continuous Sampling and Sensing of Dermal Interstitial Fluid. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304704. [PMID: 37709513 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is emerging as a rich source of biomarkers that complements conventional biofluids such as blood and urine. However, the impact of ISF sampling in clinical applications has been limited owing to the challenges associated with extraction. The implementation of microneedle-based wearable devices that can extract dermal ISF in a pain-free and easy-to-use manner has attracted growing attention in recent years. Here, a fully integrated touch-activated wearable device based on a laser-drilled hollow microneedle (HMN) patch for continuous sampling and sensing of dermal ISF is introduced. The developed platform can produce and maintain the required vacuum pressure (as low as ≈ -53 kPa) to collect adequate volumes of ISF (≈2 µL needle-1 h-1 ) for medical applications. The vacuum system can be activated through a one-touch finger operation. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effect of microneedle array size, vacuum pressure, and extraction duration on collected ISF. The capability of the proposed platform for continuous health monitoring is further demonstrated by the electrochemical detection of glucose and pH levels of ISF in animal models. This HMN-based system provides an alternative tool to the existing invasive techniques for ISF collection and sensing for medical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Abbasiasl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Fariborz Mirlou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Hadi Mirzajani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Javad Bathaei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Emin Istif
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Istanbul, 34083, Turkey
| | - Narges Shomalizadeh
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Research (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Rümeysa Emine Cebecioğlu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Ecem Ezgi Özkahraman
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Umut Can Yener
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Levent Beker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Research (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Nanofabrication and Nanocharacterization Center for Scientific and Technological Advanced Research (n2Star), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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6
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Seo H, Chung WG, Kwon YW, Kim S, Hong YM, Park W, Kim E, Lee J, Lee S, Kim M, Lim K, Jeong I, Song H, Park JU. Smart Contact Lenses as Wearable Ophthalmic Devices for Disease Monitoring and Health Management. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11488-11558. [PMID: 37748126 PMCID: PMC10571045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The eye contains a complex network of physiological information and biomarkers for monitoring disease and managing health, and ocular devices can be used to effectively perform point-of-care diagnosis and disease management. This comprehensive review describes the target biomarkers and various diseases, including ophthalmic diseases, metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases, based on the physiological and anatomical background of the eye. This review also includes the recent technologies utilized in eye-wearable medical devices and the latest trends in wearable ophthalmic devices, specifically smart contact lenses for the purpose of disease management. After introducing other ocular devices such as the retinal prosthesis, we further discuss the current challenges and potential possibilities of smart contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunkyu Seo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Won Gi Chung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yong Won Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wonjung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jakyoung Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Lim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College
of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
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7
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Pergolizzi J, LeQuang JAK, Vasiliu-Feltes I, Breve F, Varrassi G. Brave New Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Digital Healthcare in American Medicine. Cureus 2023; 15:e46489. [PMID: 37927734 PMCID: PMC10623488 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The digital revolution has had a profound effect on American and global healthcare, which was accelerated by the pandemic and telehealth applications. Digital health also includes popular and more esoteric forms of wearable monitoring systems and interscatter and other wireless technologies that facilitate their telemetry. The rise in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) may serve to improve interpretation from imaging technologies to electrocardiography or electroencephalographic tracings, and new ML techniques may allow these systems to scan data to discern and contextualize patterns that may have evaded human physicians. The necessity of virtual care during the pandemic has morphed into new treatment paradigms, which have gained patient acceptance but still raise issues with respect to privacy laws and credentialing. Augmented and virtual reality tools can facilitate surgical planning and "hands-on" clinical training activities. Patients are working with new frontiers in digital health in the form of "Dr. Google" and patient support websites to learn or share medical information. Patient-facing digital health information is both a blessing and curse, in that it can be a boon to health-literate patients who seek to be more active in their own care. On the other hand, digital health information can lead to false conclusions, catastrophizing, misunderstandings, and "cyberchondria." The role of blockchain, familiar from cryptocurrency, may play a role in future healthcare information and would serve as a disruptive, decentralizing, and potentially beneficial change. These important changes are both exciting and perplexing as clinicians and their patients learn to navigate this new system and how we address the questions it raises, such as medical privacy in a digital age. The goal of this review is to explore the vast range of digital health and how it may impact the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Breve
- Department of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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8
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Zhao Y, Jin KQ, Li JD, Sheng KK, Huang WH, Liu YL. Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Biological Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305917. [PMID: 37639636 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rise of flexible and stretchable electronics has revolutionized biosensor techniques for probing biological systems. Particularly, flexible and stretchable electrochemical sensors (FSECSs) enable the in situ quantification of numerous biochemical molecules in different biological entities owing to their exceptional sensitivity, fast response, and easy miniaturization. Over the past decade, the fabrication and application of FSECSs have significantly progressed. This review highlights key developments in electrode fabrication and FSECSs functionalization. It delves into the electrochemical sensing of various biomarkers, including metabolites, electrolytes, signaling molecules, and neurotransmitters from biological systems, encompassing the outer epidermis, tissues/organs in vitro and in vivo, and living cells. Finally, considering electrode preparation and biological applications, current challenges and future opportunities for FSECSs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing-Du Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Kai Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Saeidi M, Chenani H, Orouji M, Adel Rastkhiz M, Bolghanabadi N, Vakili S, Mohamadnia Z, Hatamie A, Simchi A(A. Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:823. [PMID: 37622909 PMCID: PMC10452289 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors (HWEBs) are emerging biomedical devices that have recently received immense interest. The exceptional properties of HWEBs include excellent biocompatibility with hydrophilic nature, high porosity, tailorable permeability, the capability of reliable and accurate detection of disease biomarkers, suitable device-human interface, facile adjustability, and stimuli responsive to the nanofiller materials. Although the biomimetic three-dimensional hydrogels can immobilize bioreceptors, such as enzymes and aptamers, without any loss in their activities. However, most HWEBs suffer from low mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Many studies have been performed on emerging electroactive nanofillers, including biomacromolecules, carbon-based materials, and inorganic and organic nanomaterials, to tackle these issues. Non-conductive hydrogels and even conductive hydrogels may be modified by nanofillers, as well as redox species. All these modifications have led to the design and development of efficient nanocomposites as electrochemical biosensors. In this review, both conductive-based and non-conductive-based hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers are systematically reviewed. The main synthesis methods and characterization techniques are addressed. The mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of HWEBs are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects and potential applications of HWEBs in biosensing, healthcare monitoring, and clinical diagnostics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Hossein Chenani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Mina Orouji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nafiseh Bolghanabadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Shaghayegh Vakili
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdolreza (Arash) Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
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Song Z, Zhou S, Qin Y, Xia X, Sun Y, Han G, Shu T, Hu L, Zhang Q. Flexible and Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Health Conditions. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:630. [PMID: 37366995 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable biosensors have received tremendous attention over the past decade owing to their great potential applications in the field of health and medicine. Wearable biosensors serve as an ideal platform for real-time and continuous health monitoring, which exhibit unique properties such as self-powered, lightweight, low cost, high flexibility, detection convenience, and great conformability. This review introduces the recent research progress in wearable biosensors. First of all, the biological fluids often detected by wearable biosensors are proposed. Then, the existing micro-nanofabrication technologies and basic characteristics of wearable biosensors are summarized. Then, their application manners and information processing are also highlighted in the paper. Massive cutting-edge research examples are introduced such as wearable physiological pressure sensors, wearable sweat sensors, and wearable self-powered biosensors. As a significant content, the detection mechanism of these sensors was detailed with examples to help readers understand this area. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are proposed to push this research area forward and expand practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanxia Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangjiao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, International Health Science Innovation Center, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tong Shu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, International Health Science Innovation Center, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Kim ER, Joe C, Mitchell RJ, Gu MB. Biosensors for healthcare: current and future perspectives. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:374-395. [PMID: 36567185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are utilized in several different fields, including medicine, food, and the environment; in this review, we examine recent developments in biosensors for healthcare. These involve three distinct types of biosensor: biosensors for in vitro diagnosis with blood, saliva, or urine samples; continuous monitoring biosensors (CMBs); and wearable biosensors. Biosensors for in vitro diagnosis have seen a significant expansion recently, with newly reported clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas methodologies and improvements to many established integrated biosensor devices, including lateral flow assays (LFAs) and microfluidic/electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (μPADs/ePADs). We conclude with a discussion of two novel groups of biosensors that have drawn great attention recently, continuous monitoring and wearable biosensors, as well as with perspectives on the commercialization and future of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ryung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheulmin Joe
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Bock Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Electrochemical devices for cholesterol detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115195. [PMID: 36493575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol can be considered as a biomarker of illnesses such as heart and coronary artery diseases or arteriosclerosis. Therefore, the fast determination of its concentration in blood is interesting as a means of achieving an early diagnosis of these unhealthy conditions. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have become a potential tool for selective and sensitive detection of this biomolecule, combining the analytical advantages of electrochemical techniques with the selective recognition features of modified electrodes. This review covers the different approaches carried out in the development of electrochemical sensors for cholesterol, differentiating between enzymatic biosensors and non-enzymatic systems, highlighting lab-on-a-chip devices. A description of the different modification procedures of the working electrode has been included and the role of the different functional materials used has been discussed.
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