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Pan Q, Cao X, Li J, Li F, Luo Y. Different extramedullary disease shown in chemokine receptor 4 targeted PET/CT with [68Ga]Ga-pentixafor in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and smoldering disease. Nucl Med Commun 2024:00006231-990000000-00299. [PMID: 38745523 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is important to distinguish Waldenström macroglobulinemia from smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia (sWM), because only patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia require treatment, however the distinction can be clinically complex. The aim of this study is to investigate whether [68Ga]Ga-pentixafor PET/CT shows different characteristics in sWM and Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients and therefore can help to differentiate Waldenström macroglobulinemia and sWM. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed Waldenström macroglobulinemia and 11 sWM patients were analyzed [35 men and 13 women; 64.3 ± 10.7 (range, 29-87) years old]. The SUVmax of bone marrow disease, lymph nodes, and other extramedullary diseases on [68Ga]Ga-pentixafor were significantly higher than those on 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT (P < 0.05). On [68Ga]Ga-pentixafor PET/CT, patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia had more lymph node regions involved, significantly higher incidence of involvement in more than three lymph node regions, larger nodal disease, and higher incidence of other extramedullary disease when compared with sWM patients (P < 0.05). Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients showed significantly higher total lesions uptake, total lesion volume, and SUVmax of extramedullary disease than sWM patients did (P < 0.05). None of the visual or semiquantitative indexes in 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT showed significant difference between Waldenström macroglobulinemia and sWM patients. CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-pentixafor PET/CT had better diagnostic performance than 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia presented with more extensive extramedullary disease shown in [68Ga]Ga-pentixafor PET/CT than sWM patients did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine
| | - Xinxin Cao
- Department of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine
| | - Yaping Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine
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Tzilas V, Nicholson AG, Gavriatopoulou M, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Dimopoulos MA, Bouros D. A 74-Year-Old Man With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Progressive Dyspnea. Chest 2024; 165:e39-e43. [PMID: 38336442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION A 74-year-old man presented to our department with progressive dyspnea on exertion over the last year. The patient did not report any other symptoms. He had previously smoked with a 60 pack-year history. He worked in an office and did not report any environmental, occupational, or domestic exposures. His history included asymptomatic Waldenström's macroglobulinemia that was diagnosed 18 months before respiratory symptoms. He was not receiving any treatment and was monitored regularly by the hematology department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Tzilas
- 5th Respiratory Department, Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, "Sotiria," Athens, Greece.
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
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3
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Lim DJ, Yang HJ, Lee MY, Lee WJ, Won CH, Chang SE, Lee MW. A rare case of secondary cutaneous lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma clinically presenting as acquired cutis laxa. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:135-139. [PMID: 37877413 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for <1% of cases. Skin involvement in LPL is quite rare-accounting for approximately 5% of extramedullary disease-and includes a variety of clinical morphologies, such as erythematous-to-violaceous plaques, violaceous nodules or tumors, and ulceration at various anatomical sites. Herein, we report the case of a 45-year-old Korean woman who presented with generalized erythematous indurated plaques and pendulous skin growths, which were asymptomatic, with marked diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the dermis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the lymphoid cells expressed CD3, CD79a, and cytoplasmic IgG, but lacked CD10 and IgM. Moreover, kappa light chain restriction and monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement were observed. Upon further workup, lymphoma involvement was reported in multiple lymph nodes, including those in the cervical and axillary regions. This case shows a unique form of cutaneous LPL clinically presenting as acquired cutis laxa, emphasizing the dermatologists' need to be vigilant for variant forms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Lim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Chen X, Chen G, Li Q, Fu Z. 18 F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia With Mesentery Involvement. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:1000-1002. [PMID: 37793165 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 74-year-old man presented to the hospital complaining of weight loss, increasing fatigue, and blurred vision. The abdominal ultrasonography initially revealed a massive lesion in the mesentery, which was later confirmed by a contrast-enhanced CT scan. The 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan showed a single, solitary hypermetabolic mass. The patient was finally diagnosed with Waldenström macroglobulinemia with mesentery involvement by the histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Chen
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
| | - Guoqian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanli Fu
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
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5
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Stirpe E, Bardaro F, Köhl J. Pleural effusion and Waldenström macroglobulinemia: if cytology and flow cytometric findings do not match. A case report. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023. [PMID: 37700705 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural effusion is a rare complication of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. When it occurs, traditional investigation techniques may not always be successful. The flow cytometry is a fast and precise diagnostic technique, which can be helpful in the diagnosis of pleural localization of hematological diseases. We present a case report of a pleural localization of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia detected by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Stirpe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bolzano Hospital, Bolzano.
| | | | - Johanna Köhl
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bolzano Hospital, Bolzano.
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6
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Bustoros M, Gribbin C, Castillo JJ, Furman R. Biomarkers of Progression and Risk Stratification in Asymptomatic Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:e1-e13. [PMID: 37574332 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia is an indolent IgM-secreting B-cell lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma that is preceded by an asymptomatic stage. Clinical and molecular features have been used in risk models to predict progression rates in different asymptomatic subgroups. Risk models used both disease-specific and nonspecific biomarkers for asymptomatic patients. Recently, models that incorporate continuous variables rather than distinct cutoffs have emerged to more accurately predict the risk of progression. Integrating genetic alterations to the clinical models is a promising approach that could improve risk stratification and management of asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bustoros
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Caitlin Gribbin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Furman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Ito K, Harada K, Uchino Y, Hirano K, Sekiguchi N. Extramedullary hematopoietic pleural effusion in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. EJHAEM 2023; 4:833-836. [PMID: 37601852 PMCID: PMC10435710 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoietic effusion (EHE) is one of the extremely rare phenomena associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis, which is caused by serous effusions, including pleural effusion, and may be related to hematologic disorders and neoplasms. Herein, we present the case of an 81-year-old man with EHE accompanying Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). The patient complained of anemia and dyspnea. The chest X-ray and computed tomography showed a massive left pleural effusion, and the aspirates revealed infiltration of the immature myeloid cells and megakaryocytes, in addition to the lymphoma cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of EHE in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ito
- Hematology DivisionNational Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Kunihiko Harada
- Laboratory and Pathology DivisionNational Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihito Uchino
- Hematology DivisionNational Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirano
- Laboratory and Pathology DivisionNational Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Naohiro Sekiguchi
- Hematology DivisionNational Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTokyoJapan
- Clinical Research DivisionNational Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTokyoJapan
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8
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Talaulikar D, Tomowiak C, Toussaint E, Morel P, Kapoor P, Castillo JJ, Delmer A, Durot E. Evaluation and Management of Disease Transformation in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023:S0889-8588(23)00043-6. [PMID: 37246087 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Histologic transformation (HT) to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurs rarely in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, with higher incidence in MYD88 wild-type patients. HT is suspected clinically when rapidly enlarging lymph nodes, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, or extranodal disease occur. Histologic assessment is required for diagnosis. HT carries a worse prognosis compared with nontransformed Waldenström macroglobulinemia. A validated prognostic score based on three adverse risk factors stratifies three risk groups. The most common frontline treatment is chemoimmunotherapy, such as R-CHOP. Central nervous system prophylaxis should be considered if feasible and consolidation with autologous transplant should be discussed in fit patients responding to chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Talaulikar
- Department of Hematology, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Cécile Tomowiak
- Hematology Department and Centre d'Investigations Cliniques (CIC) 1082 INSERM, University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Elise Toussaint
- Department of Hematology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Morel
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Prashant Kapoor
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alain Delmer
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Reims and UFR Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Eric Durot
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Reims and UFR Médecine, Reims, France
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9
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Anžej Doma S, Doma A. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma relapse presenting as isolated multifocal subcutaneous adipose tissue infiltrates on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Acta Radiol Open 2023; 12:20584601231173052. [PMID: 37179796 PMCID: PMC10170594 DOI: 10.1177/20584601231173052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon mature B cell lymphoma usually involving the bone marrow and, less commonly, the spleen and/or lymph nodes. This case presents a pathology-confirmed isolated extramedullary relapse of LPL, located in subcutaneous adipose tissue, 5 years after successful treatment of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Anžej Doma
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Doma
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Bhatti K, Nazir A, Ostergaard S, Schejbel L, Norgaard P, Gjerdrum LM, Moghaddas M, Nielsen TH, Munksgaard L, Pedersen LM. Bone Involvement as a Primary Rare Manifestation of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia: A Case Report and Prevalence in a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. J Hematol 2022; 11:233-239. [PMID: 36632577 PMCID: PMC9822657 DOI: 10.14740/jh1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone involvement is a rare extranodal manifestation in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases and has also been noted as a rare event in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). However, the actual prevalence has not been previously reported. We describe an unusual case of a patient with WM who presented with lower back pain and focal bone lesions at initial diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple vertebral fractures. Positron emission tomography (PET) detected only nodal changes without pathological skeletal-related metabolic activity. Lymph node and bone marrow biopsies combined with an immunoglobulin M (IgM) M component revealed the diagnosis of WM. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis using a targeted lymphoma panel of 59 recurrently mutated genes in lymphoid neoplasms showed mutations in the MYD88 and CD79B genes. After treatment with rituximab and bendamustine, the patient achieved a partial remission and pain relief. After 3 years of stable disease, a spontaneous subcapital fracture at the base of the femoral neck and new vertebral compression fractures occurred. Whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WB-LDCT) and bone density (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) scan revealed marked osteopenia. After insertion of a hip prosthesis, examination of the removed hip showed infiltration of clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells. Our case confirms that one must be aware that bone involvement in patients with WM can occur as a rare manifestation. Interestingly, the MYD88/CD79B-mutated (MCD) genotype in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is characterized by extranodal involvement and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal-related disease in the present case. As a follow-up to this unusual case, we have carried out an analysis based on the Danish Lymphoma Registry (LYFO) covering the entire national population in the period 2000 - 2020. The registry study included a cohort of 2,459 patients with WM and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Our data revealed that primary bone involvement at diagnosis occurs in 1.75% of adults with WM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of skeletal-related disease in a large nationwide cohort and defines bone involvement as an exceedingly rare event in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khazra Bhatti
- Institute of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Aqsa Nazir
- Institute of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Simon Ostergaard
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lone Schejbel
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Norgaard
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lise M.R. Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mahnaz Moghaddas
- Department of Radiology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Torsten H. Nielsen
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Munksgaard
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark,Corresponding Author: Lars M. Pedersen, Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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11
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Bing–Neel Syndrome: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. HEMATO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato3040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bing–Neel syndrome (BNS) is a rare neurological complication of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. We highlight key issues in clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment while focusing on new and emerging therapies available for patients diagnosed with BNS. It is anticipated that further development of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors and less toxic chemoimmunotherapies will improve treatment delivery and response.
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12
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Transformed Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Update on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. HEMATO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato3040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Histological transformation (HT) to an aggressive lymphoma results from a rare evolution of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). A higher incidence of transformation events has been reported in MYD88 wild-type WM patients. HT in WM can be histologically heterogeneous, although the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of activated B-cell subtype is the predominant pathologic entity. The pathophysiology of HT is largely unknown. The clinical suspicion of HT is based on physical deterioration and the rapid enlargement of the lymph nodes in WM patients. Most transformed WM patients present with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and extranodal disease. A histologic confirmation regarding the transformation to a higher-grade lymphoma is mandatory for the diagnosis of HT, and the choice of the biopsy site may be dictated by the findings of the 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The prognosis of HT in WM is unfavorable, with a significantly inferior outcome compared to WM patients without HT. A validated prognostic score based on 3 adverse risk factors (elevated LDH, platelet count < 100 × 109/L and any previous treatment for WM) stratifies patients into 3 risk groups. The most common initial treatment used is a chemo-immunotherapy (CIT), such as R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). The response duration is short and central nervous system relapses are frequent. Whether autologous stem cell transplantation could benefit fit patients responding to CIT remains to be studied.
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13
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Kim S, Bae W, Choi J, Lee TW, Song DH, Bae E, Jang HN, Chang SH, Park DJ. Acute kidney injury due to direct infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma secreting IgG paraproteins: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29449. [PMID: 35713455 PMCID: PMC9276466 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) associated with a monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein. Although acute kidney injury (AKI) due to immunoglobulin M paraprotein infiltration into the renal interstitium has been reported, there has been no report of AKI with invasion of the immunoglobulin G paraprotein into the renal interstitium in a patient with LPL. PATIENT CONCERNS A 65-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with fatigue and decreased renal function. He complained of a 3-kg weight loss in the last 3 months. DIAGNOSIS The initial blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were 55.9 and 1.83 mg/dL, respectively. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal component (3.5 g/dL) in the gamma region and immunofixation electrophoresis showed an immunoglobulin G kappa monoclonal protein. Renal pathology revealed that CD3-CD20+ CD138+ lymphoid cells had infiltrated the renal interstitium. A bone marrow biopsy was compatible with LPL. INTERVENTIONS Intravenous methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) was administered after confirming the renal pathological findings. OUTCOMES Serum creatinine decreased to 0.8 mg/dL 14 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Physicians should recognize LPL secreting various immunoglobulins as a possible cause of AKI when renal failure of unknown etiology and serum immunoglobulin paraprotein is present. A kidney biopsy should be performed for definitive diagnosis and appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Wooram Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Song
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ha Nee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Se-Ho Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dong Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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14
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Pratt G, El-Sharkawi D, Kothari J, D'Sa S, Auer R, McCarthy H, Krishna R, Miles O, Kyriakou C, Owen R. Diagnosis and management of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia-A British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:171-187. [PMID: 35020191 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on the management of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. In individual patients, circumstances may dictate an alternative approach. METHODOLOGY This guideline was compiled according to the British Society for Haematology (BSH) process at http://www.b-s-h.org.uk/guidelines/proposing-and-writing-a-new-bsh-guideline/. Recommendations are based on a review of the literature using Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Central, Web of Science searches from beginning of 2013 (since the publication of the previous guidelines) up to November 2021. The following search terms were used: Waldenström('s) macroglobulin(a)emia OR lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, IgM(-related) neuropathy OR cold h(a)emagglutinin disease OR cold agglutinin disease OR cryoglobulin(a)emia AND (for group a only) cytogenetic OR molecular OR mutation OR MYD88 OR CXCR4, management OR treatment OR transfusion OR supportive care OR plasma exchange OR plasmapheresis OR chemotherapy OR bendamustine OR bortezomib OR ibrutinib OR fludarabine OR dexamethasone OR cyclophosphamide OR rituximab OR everolimus, bone marrow transplantation OR stem cell transplantation. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) nomenclature was used to evaluate levels of evidence and to assess the strength of recommendations. The GRADE criteria can be found at http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org. Review of the manuscript was performed by the British Society for Haematology (BSH) Guidelines Committee Haemato-Oncology Task Force, the BSH Guidelines Committee and the Haemato-Oncology sounding board of BSH. It was also on the members section of the BSH website for comment. It has also been reviewed by UK Charity WMUK; these organisations do not necessarily approve or endorse the contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Pratt
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jaimal Kothari
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Shirley D'Sa
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Helen McCarthy
- University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Dorset, UK
| | - Rajesh Krishna
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Oliver Miles
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Charalampia Kyriakou
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Roger Owen
- The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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15
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Baksh M, Jiang L, Bhatia U, Alegria V, Sher T, Roy V, Chanan‐Khan A, Ailawadhi S, Parrondo RD. Management of lytic bone disease in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05181. [PMID: 34934497 PMCID: PMC8650751 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is often differentiated from myeloma based on the presence of lytic bone lesions (LBL). However, WM/LPL can present with LBL, and management is poorly understood. We describe a case of an 81-year-old woman with LPL who presented with LBL and was successfully treated with chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizba Baksh
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Liuyan Jiang
- Department of PathologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Unnati Bhatia
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Victoria Alegria
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Taimur Sher
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Vivek Roy
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Asher Chanan‐Khan
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Cancer BiologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Hematology‐OncologySt. Vincent's RiversideJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Sikander Ailawadhi
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Cancer BiologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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16
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Parrondo RD, Paulus A, Alegria V, Liebowitz D, Johnson C, Clynes R, Roy V, Menke DM, Jiang L, Chanan-Khan AA, Ailawadhi S. Plamotamab (XmAb ®13676) for Ibrutinib- refractory CXCR4-mutated extramedullary Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:738-742. [PMID: 34781809 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Parrondo
- Deparment of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Aneel Paulus
- Deparment of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Alegria
- Deparment of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vivek Roy
- Deparment of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - David M Menke
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Liuyan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Asher A Chanan-Khan
- Deparment of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sikander Ailawadhi
- Deparment of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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17
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Zelman S, Russell MB, Hojat A, Pilichowska M, Olans LB, Sterling MJ. A Rare Case of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia of the Rectosigmoid Colon. ACG Case Rep J 2021; 8:e00689. [PMID: 34849377 PMCID: PMC8624017 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is an uncommon mature B-cell lymphoma characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein in peripheral blood and lymphoplasmacytic cells in bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites. The gastrointestinal tract is a rare site of involvement. The diagnosis is based on clinicopathologic findings, although somatic mutations, such as MYD88, can aid in the diagnosis. We present a patient with irregular stools diagnosed with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia involving the rectosigmoid colon by histopathology and immunohistochemistry on colonic biopsies, immunoglobulin M protein in serum, clonal plasma cells in bone marrow, and MYD88 mutation in colonic and bone marrow specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zelman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Michael B. Russell
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Amin Hojat
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MS
| | | | - Lori B. Olans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark J. Sterling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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18
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Lim CS, Malick H, Banerjee S. Vitreous haemorrhage as the first presentation of undiagnosed Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1639-1641. [PMID: 34667746 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
| | - Huzaifa Malick
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
| | - Somnath Banerjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
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19
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Palmer CJ, Sahagun J, David AG, Taylor CW, Al-Shraideh Y. Extramedullary Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Presenting as a Subcutaneous Penile Mass. Cureus 2021; 13:e17809. [PMID: 34660019 PMCID: PMC8498259 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary penile malignancy is a rare occurrence in the United States, with squamous carcinoma being the most common aetiology. Non-squamous penile cancers are scarcely reported in the literature. We present a unique case of a 65-year-old male with a history of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) previously in remission complaining of a painless subcutaneous bump on the base of the penis. Biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the recurrence of WM. This novel case illustrates an unusual presentation of the disease after being successfully managed with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in an asymptomatic individual. There is only another reported case in the literature of a patient with a similar presentation. We highlight the clinical features and presentation of this condition, including a consensus for the approach and management of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of the penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J Palmer
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, USA
| | - Joseph Sahagun
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, USA
| | - Alan G David
- Department of Cardiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, USA
| | - Cameron W Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Central Illinois Radiological Associates, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Order of Saint Francis, Peoria, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Shraideh
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Order of Saint Francis, Peoria, USA
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20
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Askari E, Rodriguez S, Garcia-Sanz R. Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia: An Exploration into the Pathology and Diagnosis of a Complex B-Cell Malignancy. J Blood Med 2021; 12:795-807. [PMID: 34512060 PMCID: PMC8416181 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s267938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After 77 years since the initial description, Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) remains as a bone marrow neoplastic disorder with lymphoplasmacytic differentiation oversecreting a monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). However, many biological and genetic aspects of this entity have been unraveled and it is now easy to correctly diagnose patients with this illness. The diagnosis requires the presence of a monoclonal IgM component and bone marrow lymphoid infiltration must be demonstrated. In addition, other small B-cell lymphoid neoplasms with plasma cell differentiation must be discarded. Although the clinical picture is highly heterogeneous, the diagnosis is much easier today compared to the past, since now we can demonstrate the presence of somatic mutations, especially the L265P mutation in the MYD88 gene, highly characteristic of WM (>90% of the patients), followed by the WHIM-like mutations in the CXCR4 gene (~35%). The identification of these mutations is very important, because they can modulate the response to new treatments with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Thus, the conventional prognostic factors that predict the outcome of these patients (anemia, thrombopenia, high M component, high B2M, and advanced age), must be complemented with the genetic evaluation of the patient, that can help us in the prediction of the risk of transformation from asymptomatic to symptomatic forms (Del6q) and/or from indolent forms of the disease to aggressive lymphomas (CD79b mutations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Askari
- Hematology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC) CB16/12/00369, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Accelerator project, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC) CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ramon Garcia-Sanz
- Haematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Research Biomedical Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Accelerator project, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC) CB16/12/00369 and Center for Cancer Research-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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21
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Leguit RJ, Vink A, de Jonge N, Minnema MC, Oerlemans MIF. Endomyocardial biopsy with co-localization of a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and AL amyloidosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2021; 53:107348. [PMID: 34038803 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2021.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In about 4% of cases, amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is due to an underlying lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) or other monoclonal protein forming low-grade B-cell lymphoma, instead of a plasma cell neoplasm. We report an unusual case of a 55-year-old male with co-localization of an IgG positive LPL and AL amyloidosis in his endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). The patient was diagnosed 4 years earlier with a low grade B-cell non Hodgkin lymphoma stage IV, at the time classified as marginal zone lymphoma. He received several lines of treatment for his lymphoma, which had shown progressive disease. Four years after initial diagnosis, he developed increasing dyspnea on exertion. Echocardiography demonstrated left and right ventricular hypertrophy with classical apical sparing, suspicious for cardiac amyloidosis. Bone marrow biopsy revealed massive infiltration by his low grade B-cell lymphoma, which was now reclassified as LPL based on the demonstration of a MYD88 L265P mutation. An EMB confirmed the presence of amyloid, which was typed as AL amyloidosis by the use of immunoelectron microscopy. In addition, mild B-cell infiltrates were present in the EMB, which were shown to be part of his LPL by the demonstration of the MYD88 L265P mutation using the highly sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction technique. This is a rare case of cardiac AL amyloidosis based on an IgG kappa positive LPL, in which not only the amyloid but also the lymphoma itself were present in the EMB. In addition, this case nicely illustrates the use of 2 highly sensitive techniques (immunoelectron microscopy and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction), which both can be performed on small, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos J Leguit
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas de Jonge
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marish I F Oerlemans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Minzenmayer AN, Miranda RN, Powell PR, Parekh PK. An unusual case of cutaneous Waldenström macroglobulinemia with the MYD88 L265P mutation. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:850-853. [PMID: 32335928 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with bone marrow involvement and a monoclonal IgM gammopathy. Infiltration of the skin by neoplastic cells is very rare, and it can be difficult to distinguish from marginal zone lymphoma. The MYD88 L265P mutation is strongly associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and it may be helpful in differentiating the two disorders, although the presence of this mutation is not specific, and other factors must be considered when making the final diagnosis. We present a diagnostically challenging case of cutaneous Waldenström macroglobulinemia in which the MYD88 L265P mutation was identified in the skin but not in the bone marrow, due to a low tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Minzenmayer
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor Scott and White Central Texas, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Priscilla R Powell
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott and White Central Texas, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Palak K Parekh
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor Scott and White Central Texas, Temple, Texas, USA
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23
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Barnes M, Sharma P, Kumar V, Kaell A, LiPera W. Pleural fluid MYD88 L265P mutation supporting diagnosis and decision to treat extramedullary Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:98. [PMID: 32654665 PMCID: PMC7358196 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our case of a patient with untreated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia with extramedullary pleural effusion is the first documented case of pleural fluid MYD88 L265P mutation status in a community hospital setting. Our patient was intolerant to 420 mg ibrutinib, but still achieved a lasting complete remission, as defined by National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, with a dose reduction to 240 mg of ibrutinib. Case presentation A 72-year-old Caucasian (white) man diagnosed with monoclonal immunoglobin M kappa lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia monitored without treatment for 2 years, presented with dyspnea and a left pleural effusion. At presentation, computed tomography scans of his chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed layering left pleural effusion and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Pleural fluid cytology demonstrated B-cell lymphoma of the lymphoplasmacytic subtype, with monoclonal kappa B-cell population on flow and a positive MYD88 L265P mutation. The pleural effusion recurred post-thoracentesis and he achieved a lasting complete remission as defined by National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline with 240 mg ibrutinib. Conclusions Our discussion details a comprehensive literature review of extramedullary pulmonary involvement in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. Establishing a malignant etiology for pleural effusion in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia can be challenging, as standard techniques may be insensitive. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction for detecting MYD88 L265P mutations is more sensitive for confirming lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia in pleural fluid. Extramedullary pulmonary involvement usually presents post-diagnosis of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and responds well to Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia-directed treatment regimens. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction is a sensitive assay for detecting MYD88 L265P mutations in pleural fluid to support the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion in the setting of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and helps guide the treatment decision to use ibrutinib. Although intolerant of ibrutinib 420 mg, our patient achieved complete and sustained remission of pleural effusion with a dose of 240 mg with progression free survival of over 30 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital/Northwell Health, 75 North Country Rd, Port Jefferson, NY, 11777, USA.
| | - Pritha Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital/Northwell Health, 75 North Country Rd, Port Jefferson, NY, 11777, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital/Northwell Health, 75 North Country Rd, Port Jefferson, NY, 11777, USA
| | - Alan Kaell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital/Northwell Health, 75 North Country Rd, Port Jefferson, NY, 11777, USA
| | - William LiPera
- New York Cancer & Blood Specialists, 49 Route 347, Port Jefferson Station, NY, 11776, USA
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24
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Zhao DF, Ning HY, Cen J, Liu Y, Qian LR, Han ZH, Shen JL. Extensive multifocal and pleomorphic pulmonary lesions in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2305-2311. [PMID: 32548160 PMCID: PMC7281034 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i11.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a type of small lymphocytic lymphoma that mainly affects the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. A subset of patients with WM demonstrates extramedullary involvement (4.4%), and the most frequent extramedullary disease site involved is the lungs (30%).
CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male patient who experienced intermittent breath-holding for 6 mo was admitted on August 14, 2017. Chest computed tomography indicated multiple pulmonary cavities in the upper lobes of both lungs, with pulmonary consolidation, ground-glass opacities, patchy infiltrates, fibrous bands, large bullae, and enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum. The patient was a heavy smoker (20 cigarettes/d for 40 years). Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed normal findings. Serological examination revealed a remarkable increase in serum immunoglobulin M levels (30.24 g/L; normal: 0.4-2.30 g/L). A computed tomography-guided percutaneous pulmonary biopsy was performed in the left lower lobe of the lung with pulmonary consolidation and indicated that the alveolar structure disappeared and that a large amount of amyloid-like deposition was present along with the infiltration of very few lymphocytes and plasma cells. The patient was treated with the combined treatment of dexamethasone + rituximab + lenalidomide over four courses. Serum immunoglobulin M did not normalize, and he received ibrutinib + dexamethasone.
CONCLUSION This patient with WM and lung amyloidosis had a wide range of pulmonary lesions and a variety of morphological features, which was a rare case. Yet, some changes might be ascribed to heavy smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Boren Hospital, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hao-Yong Ning
- Department of Pathology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jian Cen
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Li-Ren Qian
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Han
- Department of Respiratory Care, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jian-Liang Shen
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
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25
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Rodriguez Botero N, Zerrate Misas A, Galvez Cardenas KM, Ramirez Quintero JD. Chylothorax as an Initial Manifestation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Cureus 2020; 12:e7566. [PMID: 32382468 PMCID: PMC7202585 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon disease whose most common presenting features are anemia, hyperviscosity-related symptoms, B symptoms, bleeding, and neurological symptoms. Pulmonary compromise is rare, and there are a few cases reported of chylothorax as a manifestation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia. We present the case of a patient who presented with a refractory chylothorax as the initial manifestation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
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26
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis. Pathology 2020; 52:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Imaging of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Comprehensive Review for the Radiologist in the Era of Personalized Medicine. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 213:W248-W256. [PMID: 31287727 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Koehler M, Moita F, Cabeçadas J, Gomes da Silva M. Mixed Lytic and Blastic Bone Lesions as a Presenting Feature of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 20:e87-e91. [PMID: 31899159 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Koehler
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Moita
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Cabeçadas
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomes da Silva
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Castillo JJ, Moreno DF, Arbelaez MI, Hunter ZR, Treon SP. CXCR4 mutations affect presentation and outcomes in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia: A systematic review. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:873-881. [PMID: 31343930 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1649132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The genomic landscape of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is characterized by recurrent MYD88 (MYD88L265P) and CXCR4 mutations (CXCR4MUT), detected in 90% and 30% of cases, respectively. The role of CXCR4MUT in clinical features and outcomes to therapy in WM patients is evolving. Areas covered: We performed a systematic review aimed at evaluating the prevalence of CXCR4MUT in WM patients, and at assessing differences in clinical features and outcomes to therapy between WM patients with and without CXCR4MUT. Seventeen studies were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of CXCR4MUT in WM patients was 31%; 34% in MYD88L265P and 5% in MYD88WT patients. CXCR4MUT were associated with higher serum IgM levels and higher risk of hyperviscosity than CXCR4WT patients. Very good partial response (VGPR) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates to ibrutinib, with and without rituximab, appeared lower in CXCR4MUT than in CXCR4WT patients. Response and PFS rates were not affected by CXCR4MUT status on patients treated with proteasome inhibitors. Expert opinion: Our systematic review shows that WM patients with CXCR4MUT have specific clinical features and have lower response and PFS rates to BTK inhibitors. Our findings support standardization of CXCR4 testing and development of CXCR4-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David F Moreno
- Amyloidosis and Myeloma Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Maria I Arbelaez
- Service of Hematology, Clinica de Marly, Fundacion Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Zachary R Hunter
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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30
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Ashraf M, Rastogi P. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Unusual Presentation With Cast Nephropathy/Light Chain Tubulopathy. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2019; 12:1179547619828704. [PMID: 30799965 PMCID: PMC6378479 DOI: 10.1177/1179547619828704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cast Nephropathy/Light chain tubulopathy is usually present in patients with multiple myeloma and is very rare in patients with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia. There are very few case reports mentioned in the literature. We present an interesting case of Cast Nephropathy and light chain tubulopathy in an 81-year-old female patient with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia who required medical attention for worsening renal failure. Serum protein electrophoresis/Immunofixation showed IgM Kappa monoclonal gammopathy. Renal biopsy was remarkable for cast nephropathy and light chain tubulopathy. Furthermore on bone marrow biopsy a low grade B cell lymphoproliferative disorder with plasmacytic differentiation was present. This was most consistent with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, accounting for 50-60 percent of total bone marrow cellularity, in a hypercellular (60-80 percent) bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddasir Ashraf
- Hospital Medicine Department, Trinity Medical Center, Rock Island, IL, USA
| | - Prerna Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
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31
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Tanaka H, Kuwabara C, Isshiki Y, Suzuki Y. Multiple cystic lung lesions and autoimmune thrombocytopaenia developing after chemotherapy for pulmonary indolent B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 11:11/1/e227548. [PMID: 30567252 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Among lung malignancies, primary pulmonary lymphoma is rare and many of them are indolent B-cell lymphomas. We describe a case of primary pulmonary indolent B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation, which exacerbated with the manifestation of macroglobulinaemia and was successfully treated using chemotherapy. The patient subsequently developed pulmonary cysts and thrombocytopaenia due to autoimmune pathology and was successfully treated using prednisolone. This case suggests that in indolent B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation, immunoglobulin M level should be carefully followed even if it is within the normal range at lymphoma onset. Additionally, new cystic pulmonary infiltrates that develop during the post-treatment follow-up of an indolent pulmonary B-cell lymphoma may indicate pulmonary lymphoma recurrence, but there is also a possibility of an immunological complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kuwabara
- Department of Hematology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Isshiki
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Uppal NN, Monga D, Vernace MA, Mehtabdin K, Shah HH, Bijol V, Jhaveri KD. Kidney diseases associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 34:1644-1652. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractWaldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare B-cell lymphoma characterized by lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration in the bone marrow and other organs and the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein in the serum. Although uncommon, several kidney diseases have been associated with WM. In addition to kidney diseases related to lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma infiltration, a variety of glomerular and tubular lesions have been described in patients with WM. Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis are the two predominant glomerular pathologies seen in WM. In this article we review the kidney diseases associated with WM. We also briefly review some nephrotoxicities of novel chemotherapeutic and targeted therapies used for the treatment of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur N Uppal
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Divya Monga
- Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Khurram Mehtabdin
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Hitesh H Shah
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Vanesa Bijol
- Department of Pathology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Kenar D Jhaveri
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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33
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A Case of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma With Lung Lesion. J Thorac Imaging 2018; 33:W57-W59. [PMID: 30239460 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Abdulfattah O, Rahman EU, Bhattarai B, Dahal S, Alnafoosi Z, Trauber D, Enriquez D, Schmidt F. Lung consolidation as a rare presentation of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with extramedullary Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2018; 8:68-72. [PMID: 29686791 PMCID: PMC5906769 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2018.1440854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a mature B cell lymphoma that usually involves the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. Extramedullary involvement, including the lung, is rarely reported. Case description: A 73-year-old female initially presented to our hospital complaining of productive cough of white-colour sputum for three weeks duration. She reported unintentional weight loss of ten pounds over the last five months. There was no history of haemoptysis, fever, night sweats, chills, recent infections or hospitalization. Chest imaging showed right lower lobe consolidation, small right pleural effusion. She was treated with oral antibiotic for pneumonia. After two months, a follow up chest imaging revealed persistent right lower lobe consolidation. Therefore, she was worked up for the possibility of malignancy. Bronchoscopy showed polypoid nodularities surrounded by black discoloured mucosa in the sub-segmental bronchi of the right lower lobe, and biopsy specimen revealed atypical B cell lymphocytic infiltrate. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed a clonal B-cell gene rearrangement supportive for a low-grade B-cell Lymphoma. Subsequently; serum immunofixation showed IgM of 1491 mg/dL (normal range 26–217 mg/dl) with normal levels of IgG and IgA. Urine contained free kappa light chains. Cytology with immunophenotyping of pleural fluid revealed lymphoplasmacytic lymphocytes. This combination of lab and bronchoscopy findings established the diagnosis of extramedullary Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Conclusion: Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, a manifestation of LPL, is associated with an IgM monoclonal gammopathy in the blood. Extramedullary involvement including the lung is rarely seen in LPL. Physicians need to be aware of this rare presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdulfattah
- Medicine Department, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ebad Ur Rahman
- Medicine Department, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bikash Bhattarai
- Medicine Department, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sumit Dahal
- Medicine Department, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Zainab Alnafoosi
- Medicine Department, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David Trauber
- Medicine Department, Hematology/Oncology Division, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danilo Enriquez
- Medicine Department, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Frances Schmidt
- Medicine Department, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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35
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Chang CY, Yeh RH, Chen JH, Wu YY, Huang TC, Chang PY, Dai MS, Chen YC, Ho CL. Unusual presentation of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrpr.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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36
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Durot E, Tomowiak C, Michallet AS, Dupuis J, Hivert B, Leprêtre S, Toussaint E, Godet S, Merabet F, Van Den Neste E, Ivanoff S, Roussel X, Zini JM, Regny C, Lemal R, Sutton L, Perrot A, Le Dû K, Kanagaratnam L, Morel P, Leblond V, Delmer A. Transformed Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: clinical presentation and outcome. A multi-institutional retrospective study of 77 cases from the French Innovative Leukemia Organization (FILO). Br J Haematol 2017; 179:439-448. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Durot
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Reims and UFR Médecine; Reims France
| | - Cécile Tomowiak
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | | | - Jehan Dupuis
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit; Henri Mondor Hospital; Créteil France
| | | | | | - Elise Toussaint
- Department of Oncology and Haematology; University Hospital of Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Sophie Godet
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Reims and UFR Médecine; Reims France
| | - Fatiha Merabet
- Department of Haematology; André Mignot Hospital; Versailles France
| | - Eric Van Den Neste
- Department of Haematology; Saint-Luc Hospital; University Catholic of Leuven; Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Sarah Ivanoff
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Amiens; Amiens France
| | - Xavier Roussel
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Besançon; Besançon France
| | - Jean-Marc Zini
- Department of Haematology; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - Caroline Regny
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - Richard Lemal
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Laurent Sutton
- Department of Haematology; Hospital of Argenteuil; Argenteuil France
| | - Aurore Perrot
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Nancy; Nancy France
| | - Katell Le Dû
- Department of Haematology; Clinique Victor Hugo; Le Mans France
| | - Lukshe Kanagaratnam
- Department of Research and Innovation; University Hospital of Reims; Reims France
| | - Pierre Morel
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Amiens; Amiens France
| | - Véronique Leblond
- Department of Haematology; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital; UPMC Paris; Grechy France
| | - Alain Delmer
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of Reims and UFR Médecine; Reims France
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37
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Saito A, Isoda A, Kojima M, Yokohama A, Tsukune Y, Sasaki M, Ito S, Ohtsu A, Koike M, Murayama K, Moriya K, Tamura H, Matsumoto M, Nakahashi H, Tanosaki S, Sakura T, Kawamura T, Miyanaga T, Nakamura N, Murakami H, Handa H, Tsukamoto N. Retrospective analysis of prognostic factors for Waldenstrӧm macroglobulinemia: a multicenter cooperative study in Japan. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:681-690. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Gustine JN, Meid K, Hunter ZR, Xu L, Treon SP, Castillo JJ. MYD88
mutations can be used to identify malignant pleural effusions in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 180:578-581. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N. Gustine
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
| | - Kirsten Meid
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
| | - Zachary R. Hunter
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
| | - Lian Xu
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
| | - Steven P. Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
- Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Jorge J. Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
- Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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39
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Vos JM, Gustine J, Rennke HG, Hunter Z, Manning RJ, Dubeau TE, Meid K, Minnema MC, Kersten MJ, Treon SP, Castillo JJ. Renal disease related to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: incidence, pathology and clinical outcomes. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:623-630. [PMID: 27468978 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prognostic impact of nephropathy related to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is currently unknown. We performed a retrospective study to assess biopsy-confirmed WM-related nephropathy in a cohort of 1391 WM patients seen at a single academic institution. A total of 44 cases were identified, the estimated cumulative incidence was 5·1% at 15 years. There was a wide variation in kidney pathology, some directly related to the WM: amyloidosis (n = 11, 25%), monoclonal-IgM deposition disease/cryoglobulinaemia (n = 10, 23%), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma infiltration (n = 8, 18%), light-chain deposition disease (n = 4, 9%) and light-chain cast nephropathy (n = 4, 9%), and some probably related to the WM: thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) (n = 3, 7%), minimal change disease (n = 2, 5%), membranous nephropathy (n = 1, 2%) and crystal-storing tubulopathy (n = 1, 2%). The median overall survival in patients with biopsy-confirmed WM-related nephropathy was 11·5 years, shorter than for the rest of the cohort (16 years, P = 0·03). Survival was better in patients with stable or improved renal function after treatment (P = 0·05). Based on these findings, monitoring for renal disease in WM patients should be considered and a kidney biopsy pursued in those presenting with otherwise unexplained renal failure and/or nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Vos
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine/Haematology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua Gustine
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helmut G Rennke
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Hunter
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Manning
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toni E Dubeau
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten Meid
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Haematology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose Kersten
- Department of Haematology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Castillo JJ, Garcia-Sanz R, Hatjiharissi E, Kyle RA, Leleu X, McMaster M, Merlini G, Minnema MC, Morra E, Owen RG, Poulain S, Stone MJ, Tam C, Varettoni M, Dimopoulos MA, Treon SP, Kastritis E. Recommendations for the diagnosis and initial evaluation of patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia: A Task Force from the 8th International Workshop on Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:77-86. [PMID: 27378193 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) can be challenging given the variety of signs and symptoms patients can present. Furthermore, once the diagnosis of WM is established, the initial evaluation should be thorough as well as appropriately directed. During the 8th International Workshop for WM in London, United Kingdom, a multi-institutional task force was formed to develop consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and initial evaluation of patients with WM. In this document, we present the results of the deliberations that took place to address these issues. We provide recommendations for history-taking and physical examination, laboratory studies, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy analysis and imaging studies. We also provide guidance on the initial evaluation of special situations, such as anaemia, hyperviscosity, neuropathy, Bing-Neel syndrome and amyloidosis. We hope these recommendations serve as a practical guidance to clinicians taking care of patients with a suspected or an established diagnosis of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Evdoxia Hatjiharissi
- Department of Haematology, Theageneion Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert A Kyle
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xavier Leleu
- La Miletrie Hospital, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Mary McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Haematology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrica Morra
- Division of Haematology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Roger G Owen
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephanie Poulain
- Service d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - Marvin J Stone
- Department of Oncology, Baylor Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Constantine Tam
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marzia Varettoni
- Department of Haematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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41
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Cao X, Ye Q, Orlowski RZ, Wang X, Loghavi S, Tu M, Thomas SK, Shan J, Li S, Qazilbash M, Yin CC, Weber D, Miranda RN, Xu-Monette ZY, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Waldenström macroglobulinemia with extramedullary involvement at initial diagnosis portends a poorer prognosis. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:74. [PMID: 26104577 PMCID: PMC4487966 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic importance of extramedullary involvement in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) at diagnosis and treatment options for these patients has not been well evaluated. In this study, we investigated the clinical manifestations, biological features, and effect of first-line therapy on the outcome of WM patients diagnosed with extramedullary involvement (EMWM) vs those with only bone marrow involvement (BMWM). METHODS We analyzed the clinical data of 312 WM patients diagnosed with EMWM (n = 106) and BMWM (n = 206) at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1994 to 2014. EMWM was confirmed by biopsy, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical laboratory analyses. RESULTS Characteristics associated with EMWM were male sex (P = 0.027), age younger than 65 years (P = 0.048), presence of B symptoms (P < 0.001), high serum beta-2 macroglobulin (P < 0.001) level, low serum albumin level (P = 0.036), and cytogenetic abnormalities (P = 0.010). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results showed that EMWM patients had a significantly shorter median overall survival (P < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.001) than did BMWM patients. Chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy improved PFS for BMWM patients (P = 0.004) but not for EMWM patients. Additionally, initial treatment with rituximab significantly improved the PFS of BMWM patients (P = 0.012) but had no effect on EMWM patients. However, EMWM patients treated with nucleoside analogs attained a better PFS than those who did not (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS We show that extramedullary involvement at diagnosis is an adverse prognostic factor in WM patients and that first-line therapy with nucleoside analogs improved PFS for patients with EMWM. The study provides unique clinical and treatment observations in subtypes of WM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Meifeng Tu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sheeba K Thomas
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jatin Shan
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Muzaffar Qazilbash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Donna Weber
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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