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Popescu R, Grămescu M, Caba L, Pânzaru MC, Butnariu L, Braha E, Popa S, Rusu C, Cardos G, Zeleniuc M, Martiniuc V, Gug C, Păduraru L, Stamatin M, Diaconu CC, Gorduza EV. A Case of Inherited t(4;10)(q26;q26.2) Chromosomal Translocation Elucidated by Multiple Chromosomal and Molecular Analyses. Case Report and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121957. [PMID: 34946906 PMCID: PMC8701147 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a complex chromosomal anomaly identified using cytogenetic and molecular methods. The child was diagnosed during the neonatal period with a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by: flattened occipital region; slight turricephaly; tall and broad forehead; hypertelorism; deep-set eyes; down slanting and short palpebral fissures; epicanthic folds; prominent nose with wide root and bulbous tip; microstomia; micro-retrognathia, large, short philtrum with prominent reliefs; low set, prominent ears; and congenital heart disease. The GTG banding karyotype showed a 46,XY,der(10)(10pter→10q26.2::4q26→4qter) chromosomal formula and his mother presented an apparently balanced reciprocal translocation: 46,XX,t(4;10)(q26;q26.2). The chromosomal anomalies of the child were confirmed by MLPA, and supplementary investigation discovered a quadruplication of the 4q35.2 region. The mother has a triplication of the same chromosomal fragment (4q35.2). Using array-CGH, we described the anomalies completely. Thus, the boy has a 71,057 kb triplication of the 4q26-q35.2 region, a 562 kb microdeletion in the 10q26.3 region, and a 795 kb quadruplication of the 4q35.2 region, while the mother presents a 795 kb triplication of the 4q35.2 region. Analyzing these data, we consider that the boy's phenotype is influenced only by the 4q partial trisomy. We compare our case with similar cases, and we review the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Popescu
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Mihaela Grămescu
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Monica-Cristina Pânzaru
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Butnariu
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Elena Braha
- “C. I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 34-35 Aviatorilor Avenue, 011853 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Setalia Popa
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Cristina Rusu
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Georgeta Cardos
- Personal Genetics Laboratory Bucharest, 4 Strada Frumoasa Street, 010987 Bucharest, Romania; (G.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Monica Zeleniuc
- Personal Genetics Laboratory Bucharest, 4 Strada Frumoasa Street, 010987 Bucharest, Romania; (G.C.); (M.Z.)
- Medical Genetics Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Avenue, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Martiniuc
- Medical Genetics Department, “Cuza-Vodă” Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 34 Cuza Voda Street, 700038 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristina Gug
- Microscopic Morphology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Piata Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Luminiţa Păduraru
- Neonatology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Stamatin
- Neonatology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Carmen C. Diaconu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu, 030304 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Medical Genetics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (C.R.); (E.V.G.)
- Medical Genetics Department, “Cuza-Vodă” Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 34 Cuza Voda Street, 700038 Iasi, Romania;
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Umlai UKI, Haris B, Hussain K, Jithesh PV. Case Report: Phenotype-Gene Correlation in a Case of Novel Tandem 4q Microduplication With Short Stature, Speech Delay and Microcephaly. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:783235. [PMID: 35185781 PMCID: PMC8851600 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.783235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a sporadic case of a pure, tandem, interstitial chromosome 4q duplication, arr[hg19] 4q28.1q32.3 (127,008,069-165,250,477) x3 in a boy born at 36 weeks of gestation. He presented with microcephaly (head circumference <1st percentile), short stature (height <2nd percentile) and poor weight gain (weight <3rd percentile). Hypospadias and horseshoe shaped kidneys were also revealed following a urinary tract ultrasound. Biochemical analysis revealed normal growth hormone and thyroid hormone levels. While gross and fine motor skill development was in line with his age, speech delay was observed. This patient adds to a group of more than 30 cases of pure 4q tandem duplication with common and differing phenotypic presentations. Using a retrospective analysis of previous case studies alongside the current case and bioinformatics analysis of the duplicated region, we deduced the most likely dosage sensitive genes for some of the major phenotypes in the patient. The positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated for each gene and phenotype and was derived by comparing the previously reported patients who have gene duplications and an associated phenotype versus those who had the gene duplications but were unaffected. Thus, the growth retardation phenotype may be associated with NAA15 duplication, speech delay with GRIA2 and microcephaly with PLK4 duplication. Functional studies will help in confirming the observations and elucidating the mechanisms. However, our study highlights the importance of analysing case reports with pure duplications in defining phenotype-gene relationships and in improving our knowledge of the function of precise chromosomal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basma Haris
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Paediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Puthen Veettil Jithesh
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Puthen Veettil Jithesh,
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Zhang ZT, Qi WX, Liu CX, Yin SW, Zhao Y, Li-Ling J, Lv Y. A small supernumerary marker chromosome resulting in mosaic partial tetrasomy 4q26-q31.21 in a foetus with multiple congenital malformations. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Tamura M, Amano T, Shiroishi T. The Hand2 Gene Dosage Effect in Developmental Defects and Human Congenital Disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:129-52. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tamura M, Hosoya M, Fujita M, Iida T, Amano T, Maeno A, Kataoka T, Otsuka T, Tanaka S, Tomizawa S, Shiroishi T. Overdosage of Hand2 causes limb and heart defects in the human chromosomal disorder partial trisomy distal 4q. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2471-81. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Petriczko E, Biczysko-Mokosa A, Bogdanowicz J, Constantinou M, Zdziennicka E, Horodnicka-Jozwa A, Barg E, Gawlik-Zawislak S, Sulek-Piatkowska A, Dawid G, Walczak M, Pesz K, Kedzia A, Zajaczek S. Familial distal monosomy 3p26.3-pter with trisomy 4q32.2-qter, presenting with progressive ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1442-6. [PMID: 22581569 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a boy diagnosed with partial 3p monosomy and partial 4q trisomy. The patient was 9 years of age with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and ataxia. A family history and medical evaluation showed that the father manifested similar facial dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, quadriparesis, and progressive cerebrospinal ataxia. The chromosomal aberration found in the proband was inherited from his father who was found to have a balanced reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 3p and 4q, which was in turn inherited from the paternal grandfather. The final cytogenetic diagnosis according to microarray was 46,XY,der(3)t(3;4)(p26.1;q32.2)arr 3p26.1(39,066-5,363,502)x1,4q32.2q35.2(162,555,236-191,173,881)x3. We describe the cytogenetic investigations that led to the identification of the breakpoints. In addition, we present an overview of the clinical features found in patients with partial 3p monosomies and partial 4q trisomies as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Petriczko
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Assawamakin A, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Tocharoentanaphol C, Waeteekul S, Tansatit M, Thongnoppakhun W, Limwongse C. A novel maternally-derived insertional translocation resulting in partial trisomy 4q13.2-q22.1 with complex translocation t(8;20) in a family with intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:901-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Mun SJ, Cho EH, Chey MJ, Shim GH, Shin BM, Lee RK, Ko JK, Yoo SJ. [Recombinant chromosome 4 with partial 4p deletion and 4q duplication inherited from paternal pericentric inversion]. Korean J Lab Med 2010; 30:89-92. [PMID: 20197729 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericentric inversion of chromosome 4 can give rise to 2 alternate recombinant (rec) chromosomesby duplication or deletion of 4p. The deletion of distal 4p manifests as Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). Here, we report the molecular cytogenetic findings and clinical manifestations observed in an infant with 46,XX,rec(4)dup(4q)inv(4)(p16q31.3)pat. The infant was delivered by Cesarean section at the 33rd week of gestation because pleural effusion and polyhydramnios were detected on ultrasonography. At birth, the infant showed no malformation or dysfunction, except for a preauricular skin tag. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of neonatal peripheral blood samples showed a gain of 38 Mb on 4q31.3-qter and a loss of 3 Mb on 4p16.3, and these results were consistent with WHS. At the last follow-up at 8 months of age (corrected age, 6 months), the infant had not achieved complete head control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Mun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Recurrent 70.8 Mb 4q22.2q32.3 duplication due to ovarian germinal mosaicism. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:882-8. [PMID: 20424646 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A mosaicism is defined by the presence of two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual. Chromosomal germinal mosaicism occurs in germ cells before the onset of meiosis. Previously, few studies have described germinal mosaicism. In this study, we report on two siblings who carried identical pure and direct interstitial 4q22.2q32.3 duplication. Procedure investigations included complete clinical description, conventional cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array experiments and microsatellite study searching for parental origin of the duplication. Microarray CGH and further FISH experiments with BAC clones showed the same 70.8 Mb direct duplication, dup(4)(q22.2q32.3). Molecular studies of the 4q duplication were consistent with maternal origin associated with mitotic or meiotic rearrangements. This structural chromosomal aberration was associated in both cases with increased nuchal translucency, growth retardation and dysmorphy. Cardiopathy and lung malformations were only evident in the first case. These clinical manifestations are similar to those previously reported in previous studies involving pure 4q trisomy of the same region, except for thumb and renal abnormalities that were not obvious in the presented cases. The amplified region included genes involved in neurological development (NEUROG2, MAB21L2, PCDH10/18 and GRIA2). The recurrent 4q duplication in these siblings is consistent with a maternal ovarian germinal mosaicism. This is the first description of germinal mosaicism for a large chromosomal duplication and highlights that genetic counselling for apparently de novo chromosome aberration should be undertaken with care.
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11
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Otsuka T, Fujinaka H, Imamura M, Tanaka Y, Hayakawa H, Tomizawa S. Duplication of chromosome 4q: renal pathology of two siblings. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:330-3. [PMID: 15732061 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report on two sibs with partial 4q trisomy: dup (4)(q35.2-q31.22) and their renal biopsy findings. Both of them show renal hypoplasia, although their chromosomal aberration lacks the minimal duplicated region 4q22-q23 and/or 4q25-q31.3, which had been shown to be associated with urogenital abnormalities and thumb malformations in previous reports. From the renal biopsy findings, the two sibs were diagnosed as oligonephronia. We summarize the 13 having published cases of duplication of chromosome 4q, and examine which segments have a close relationship to renal hypoplasia. We suggest that renal hypoplasia may be female-prone, and may have a close relationship with duplication of 4q33-q34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Otsuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata National Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
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12
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13
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Battaglia A, Chen Z, Brothman AR, Morelli S, Palumbos JC, Carey JC, Hudgins L, Disteche C. Karyotype/phenotype correlations in duplication 4q: Evidence for a critical region within 4q27-28 for preaxial defects. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:334-7. [PMID: 15759263 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Developmental Disabilities/pathology
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Humans
- Infant
- Karyotyping
- Phenotype
- Thumb/abnormalities
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Battaglia
- Stella Maris Scientific Research Institute, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
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Lin S, Kirk EPE, McKenzie F, Francis C, Shalhoub C, Turner AM. De novo interstitial duplication 4(q28.1q35) associated with choanal atresia. J Paediatr Child Health 2004; 40:401-3. [PMID: 15228573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of direct interstitial duplication of chromosome 4 from 4q28.1 to 4q35 associated with bilateral choanal atresia. The child also had dysmorphic features including a broad nasal bridge, telecanthus, downward slanting palpebral fissures, prominent ears, mild bilateral clinodactyly of the 5th fingers and bilateral hypoplasia of the 2nd-5th toenails. There was also a slightly dilated renal collecting system. At the age of 2.5 years, he had moderate global developmental delay, short, wide and tapering fingers, and short toes with hypoplastic toenails. To our knowledge, this is the second report of choanal atresia in a patient with trisomy 4q involving this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- Department of Cytogenetics, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
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Rinaldi R, De Bernardo C, Assumma M, Grammatico B, Buffone E, Poscente M, Grammatico P. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a de novo 4q24qter duplication and correlation to the associated phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 118A:122-6. [PMID: 12655492 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on a newborn with severe psychomotor retardation, minor anomalies, congenital heart defects, thumb and urogenital abnormalities. Cytogenetic analysis showed a 4q24qter duplication, never described before, as the result of a de novo t(4;14). The extension of the duplicated 4q region was defined by FISH using YAC probes. The breakpoint was localized between 106.3cM (YAC 800f2, D4S1572) and 111 cM (YAC 744e4, D4S1564). Comparing our patient with those previously reported in literature, we observed some features mature frequently reported in these patients: psychomotor retardation, retromicrognathia, low set and/or malformed ears and some more specific traits: congenital cardiac defects, hypoplastic thumb and urogenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rinaldi
- Medical Genetic Service, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Lundin C, Zech L, Sjörs K, Wadelius C, Annerén G. Trisomy 4q syndrome: presentation of a new case and review of the literature. ANNALES DE GENETIQUE 2002; 45:53-7. [PMID: 12119211 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(02)01117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe the 11th case of a de novo partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 4, with the extra segment spanning from 4q27 to 4q35. The aberration resulted from an unbalanced translocation of material from 4q to the short arm of chromosome 7, as evident from fluorescent in situ hybridization. Microsatellite analysis revealed the extra material to originate from the father. The karyotype was interpreted as 46,XX,der(7)t(4;7)(q27;p22). The patient is a 13-year-old girl with severe mental retardation, growth retardation, hearing impairment as well as minor foot, thumb and facial anomalies. Although the extent of the aberration varies between the reported patients, there are nevertheless features in common, suggestive of a trisomy 4q syndrome. The clinical findings most frequently reported are: mental retardation, seizures, microcephaly, hearing impairment and growth retardation, as well as epicanthic folds, high/broad/depressed nasal bridge, malformed ears, tooth and thumb anomalies. Almost the entire long arm of chromosome 4, except band q11, has been involved in trisomies/duplications, but 4q27 and 4q31 seem to be preferentially engaged in the trisomy 4q syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lundin
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Velinov M, Gu H, Yeboa K, Warburton D, Tubo T, Dhuper S, Lanter S, Delprino D, Kupchik G, Jenkins EC. Hypoplastic left heart in a female infant with partial trisomy 4q due to de novo 4;21 translocation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 107:330-3. [PMID: 11840491 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a female infant with mild dysmorphic features and congenital heart defect: hypoplastic left heart with aortic atresia and hypoplastic aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, and a nonrestrictive atrial communication. Chromosome analysis showed an unbalanced translocation that contained additional material from 4q translocated onto 21q. This resulted in partial trisomy 4 and monosomy for the 21q telomeric region. The derivative chromosome was characterized using G-banding, M-FISH, and whole chromosome painting. The karyotype was described as 46,XX,der(21)t(4;21)(q25;q22.3).ish(wcp4+;wcp21+). Additional analyses with FISH probes specific for 21q 22.3, 21q22.2, 21q21.1, and 21q11.2 did not indicate any chromosome 21 duplication within the derivative chromosome 21. Monosomy for the telomeric portion of 21q was demonstrated using a tel 21q probe (Oncor). The patient underwent stage 1 Norwood procedure to manage her heart defect. Poor feeding and failure to thrive complicated the postsurgical period. The child subsequently underwent funduplication and feeding tube placement, and at 4.5 months of age presented with microcephaly and developmental delay. Hypoplastic left heart was previously reported with increased frequency in relatively common numeric chromosomal aberrations, such as monosomy X, trisomies 21, 18, and 13, and in various structural chromosomal defects. Our report presents new evidence for the co-occurrence of hypoplastic left heart with a duplicated portion of chromosome 4 distal to 4q25. In addition, monosomy for the telomeric region of chromosome 21 may have implications in the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Velinov
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA.
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Celle L, Lee L, Rintoul N, Savani RC, Long W, Mennuti MT, Krantz ID. Duplication of chromosome region 4q28.3-qter in monozygotic twins with discordant phenotypes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 94:125-40. [PMID: 10982969 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20000911)94:2<125::aid-ajmg5>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe monozygotic twins with partially discordant phenotypes who were found to have a duplication of chromosome region 4q28.3-qter. The duplicated region of chromosome 4 resulted from an unbalanced segregation of a balanced maternal (4;22)(q28.3;p13) translocation. Duplication of the long arm of chromosome 4 has been described in >60 patients; however, it usually results from the unbalanced segregation of a parental balanced translocation and has an associated monosomy. Twenty cases of dup 4q without an associated monosomy have been reported, and this is the only case of dup 4q28. 3-qter. All cases of dup 4q are reviewed, and phenotypic aspects are analyzed. Issues of monozygotic twinning and other birth defects also are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Celle
- The Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Sathya P, Tomkins DJ, Freeman V, Paes B, Nowaczyk MJ. De novo deletion 12q: report of a patient with 12q24.31q24.33 deletion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1999; 84:116-9. [PMID: 10323735 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990521)84:2<116::aid-ajmg6>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on a patient with de novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12: 46,XY,del(12)(q24.31q24.33). To our knowledge this is the first patient with this chromosomal abnormality reported. He was born with minor anomalies, ambiguous genitalia, tracheomalacia, and he was developmentally delayed at age 9 months. The phenotype associated with this deletion may be characteristic. However, because of the absence of reported cases of other patients with loss of this chromosomal region, we cannot delineate the specific phenotype further. Ambiguous genitalia or hypogonadism has been reported in other patients with chromosomal rearrangements involving 12q24.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sathya
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton Health Sciences, Corporation and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Goodman BK, Capone GT, Hennessey J, Thomas GH. Familial tandem duplication of bands q31.1 to q32.3 on chromosome 4 with mild phenotypic effect. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 73:119-24. [PMID: 9409859 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19971212)73:2<119::aid-ajmg3>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a family carrying a direct duplication of an interstitial segment of the distal long arm of chromosome 4(q31.1q32.3) with a mild clinical phenotype. Affected family members include a 27-year-old woman and 2 of her 4 children, 1 of whom also has Klinefelter syndrome. Although 8 cases of simple duplications or insertions of 4q material have been described, only 3 include bands q31-q32, and these involve additional adjacent material. Affected members of the pedigree reported here have some of the manifestations of previously described cases of duplication 4q, but are less severely affected, suggesting that the genetic material in this region is well tolerated as a partial trisomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Goodman
- Department of Genetics, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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22
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Mikelsaar RV, Lurie IW, Ilus TE. "Pure" partial trisomy 4q25-qter owing to a de novo 4;22 translocation. J Med Genet 1996; 33:344-5. [PMID: 8730295 PMCID: PMC1050589 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.4.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A girl with a new de novo translocation of 4q onto the short arm of acrocentric 22 is reported as a case of "pure" partial trisomy 4q. Her karyotype was 46, XX,-22, +mar, t(4;22)(q25-->qter;p11) identified by Giemsa staining and FISH. Comparison of the proband with previously reported cases of "pure" partial trisomy 4q showed the main clinical features to be growth retardation, psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, large, low set, malformed ears, prominent nasal bridge, ptosis and epicanthus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Mikelsaar
- Department of Human Biology and Genetics, University of Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Navarro EG, Romero MC, Expósito IL, Velasco CM, Llamas JG, Ramón FJ, Jimenez RD. De novo interstitial tandem duplication of chromosome 4(q21-q28). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 62:297-9. [PMID: 8882791 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960329)62:3<297::aid-ajmg18>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a girl with a previously unreported de novo duplication of chromosome 4q involving segment q21-q28. Clinical manifestations included growth and psychomotor retardation, facial asymmetry, hypotelorism, epicanthic folds, mongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, apparently low-set auricles, high nasal bridge, long philtrum, small mouth, short neck, low-set thumbs, and bilateral club foot. This phenotype is compared with that of previously reported cases of duplication 4q.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Navarro
- Unidad Técnica de Genética Humana, Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Murcia, Spain
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24
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Hegmann KM, Spikes AS, Orr-Urtreger A, Shaffer LG. Segregation of a paternal insertional translocation results in partial 4q monosomy or 4q trisomy in two siblings. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 61:10-5. [PMID: 8741910 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960102)61:1<10::aid-ajmg2>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A genetics evaluation was requested for a 6-week-old infant with multiple congenital malformations including mild craniofacial anomalies, truncal hypotonia, hypospadias, and a ventriculoseptal defect. Blood obtained for chromosome analysis revealed an abnormal chromosome 4. Paternal chromosome analysis showed a 46,XY, inv ins (3;4)(p21.32;q25q21.2), inv(4)(p15.3q21.2) karyotype. Therefore, the proband's chromosome 4 was the unbalanced product of this insertional translocation from the father resulting in partial monosomy 4q. Additionally, the derivative 4 had a pericentric inversion which was also seen in the father's chromosome 4. During genetic counseling, the proband's 2-year-old brother was evaluated. He was not felt to be abnormal in appearance, but was described as having impulsive behavior. Chromosome analysis on this child revealed 46,XY,der(3)inv ins(3;4)(p21.32;q25q21.2)pat. This karyotype results in partial trisomy 4q. FISH using two-color "painting" probes for chromosomes 3 and 4 confirmed the G-banded interpretation in this family. The segregation seen in this family resulted in both reciprocal products being observed in the two children, with partial 4q monosomy showing multiple congenital anomalies, and partial 4q trisomy showing very few phenotypic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hegmann
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zollino M, Zampino G, Torrioli G, Pomponi MG, Neri G. Further contribution to the description of phenotypes associated with partial 4q duplication. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 57:69-73. [PMID: 7645603 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320570116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 15-year-old girl with a previously undescribed de novo duplication of segment 4q13.1-->q22.2. The origin of the extrachromosomal material on 4q was unequivocally established by fluorescent in situ hybridization with a chromosome 4 painting probe. Clinical manifestations included moderate mental retardation, destructive behavior, and minor physical anomalies. An analysis of the literature on partial 4q trisomy led us to identify a region comprising bands 4q22-q23, which may be involved in the development of the acrorenal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zollino
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Facoltá di Medicina A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
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