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Takeichi T, Torrelo A, Lee JYW, Ohno Y, Lozano ML, Kihara A, Liu L, Yasuda Y, Ishikawa J, Murase T, Rodrigo AB, Fernández-Crehuet P, Toi Y, Mellerio J, Rivera J, Vicente V, Kelsell DP, Nishimura Y, Okuno Y, Kojima D, Ogawa Y, Sugiura K, Simpson MA, McLean WHI, Akiyama M, McGrath JA. Biallelic Mutations in KDSR Disrupt Ceramide Synthesis and Result in a Spectrum of Keratinization Disorders Associated with Thrombocytopenia. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2344-2353. [PMID: 28774589 PMCID: PMC5646945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ceramide biosynthesis pathways have been implicated in a few Mendelian disorders of keratinization, although ceramides are known to have key roles in several biological processes in skin and other tissues. Using whole-exome sequencing in four probands with undiagnosed skin hyperkeratosis/ichthyosis, we identified compound heterozygosity for mutations in KDSR, encoding an enzyme in the de novo synthesis pathway of ceramides. Two individuals had hyperkeratosis confined to palms, soles, and anogenital skin, whereas the other two had more severe, generalized harlequin ichthyosis-like skin. Thrombocytopenia was present in all patients. The mutations in KDSR were associated with reduced ceramide levels in skin and impaired platelet function. KDSR enzymatic activity was variably reduced in all patients, resulting in defective acylceramide synthesis. Mutations in KDSR have recently been reported in inherited recessive forms of progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma, but our study shows that biallelic mutations in KDSR are implicated in an extended spectrum of disorders of keratinization in which thrombocytopenia is also part of the phenotype. Mutations in KDSR cause defective ceramide biosynthesis, underscoring the importance of ceramide and sphingosine synthesis pathways in skin and platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Y W Lee
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junko Ishikawa
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Murase
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ana Belén Rodrigo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sierra de Segura, Puente de Génave, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Yoichiro Toi
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jemima Mellerio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - José Rivera
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David P Kelsell
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts, London, UK; London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Yutaka Nishimura
- Department of General Perinatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiei Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK; Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Torchia D, Schachner LA. Skin manifestations of chromosome 18q deletion syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:985-6. [PMID: 26122027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Torchia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lawrence A Schachner
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Gereltzul E, Baba Y, Suda N, Shiga M, Inoue MS, Tsuji M, Shin I, Hirata Y, Ohyama K, Moriyama K. Case report of de novo dup(18p)/del(18q) and r(18) mosaicism. J Hum Genet 2008; 53:941-946. [PMID: 18679767 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of a 27-year-old woman with an unusual de novo chromosomal abnormality. Mosaicism was identified in peripheral blood cells examined by standard G-bands by trypsin using Giemsa (GTG) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with chromosome-18 region-specific probes, 46,XX,del(18)(pter --> q21.33:)[41], 46,XX,r(18)(::p11.21 --> q21.33::)[8], and 46,XX,der(18)(pter --> q21.33::p11.21 --> pter)[1]. On the other hand, the karyotype of periodontal ligament fibroblasts was nonmosaic, 46,XX, der(18)(pter --> q21.33::p11.21 --> pter)[50]. All cell lines appeared to be missing a portion of 18q (q21.33 --> qter). The pattern of the dup(18p)/del(18q) in the rod configuration raises the possibility of an inversion in chromosome 18 in one of the parents. However, no chromosomal anomaly was detected in either parent. The most probable explanation is that de novo rod and ring configurations arose simultaneously from an intrachromosomal exchange. The unique phenotype of this patient, which included primary hypothyroidism and primary hypogonadism, is discussed in relation to her karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuvshin Gereltzul
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Baba
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Naoto Suda
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Momotoshi Shiga
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Maristela Sayuri Inoue
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Michiko Tsuji
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Insik Shin
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yukio Hirata
- Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimie Ohyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis is an extremely rare and historically lethal congenital disorder of the skin caused by abnormal keratinization. This article reviews the embryology and currently understood pathophysiology of the disease, as well as current methods used to diagnose and treat these infants. There are serious implications for the family to consider: the high risk that their newborn will die soon, as well as future family planning issues.
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Hernández-Martín A. Avances biomoleculares en los trastornos epidérmicos hereditarios. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2005; 96:203-16. [PMID: 16476370 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(05)73072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the genes responsible for many hereditary skin diseases have been discovered. These genes encode different proteins that participate in the terminal differentiation of the epidermis, so their alteration or absence causes a keratinization disorder and/or an increase in skin fragility. Thanks to genetic analyses, we have been able to understand the physiopathology of numerous genodermatoses and we have become closer to diagnosing many others. In the not-too-distant future, biomolecular techniques may foreseeably help us prevent and treat these processes, which include skin diseases as serious as epidermolysis bullosa or epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. In this article, we will study the most recent biomolecular findings referring to keratinization and epidermal disorders, mentioning the altered genes and/ or the defective proteins that cause them.
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Hara-Chikuma M, Takeda J, Tarutani M, Uchida Y, Holleran WM, Endo Y, Elias PM, Inoue S. Epidermal-specific defect of GPI anchor in Pig-a null mice results in Harlequin ichthyosis-like features. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123:464-9. [PMID: 15304084 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the epidermal-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor-deficient mice, generated by Pig-a gene disruption (Pig-a null mice), exhibited wrinkled and dry skin with hyperkeratosis and abnormal differentiation, and they died within a few days after birth. Here, we investigated the basis for the early demise of these animals, and the potential role of epidermal structural and biochemical abnormalities. The rapid demise of these animals was associated with both diminished epidermal permeability barrier function and decreased stratum corneum (SC) water content. The barrier abnormality could be attributed abnormal internal contents of lamellar bodies, with a downstream failure to generate normal extracellular lamellar bilayers in the SC. Moreover, processing profilaggrin to its monomeric form was impaired in Pig-a null mouse epidermis, while levels of the differentiation-specific proteins, involucrin, loricrin and profilaggrin were normal. Failure of filaggrin processing was accompanied by decreased activity of protein phosphatase 2A, an enzyme involved in profilaggrin to filaggrin processing. Thus, these studies demonstrate a critical role for GPI anchor and GPI-anchored proteins in divergent arms of epidermal terminal differentiation. While the permeability barrier abnormality can be attributed to defects in the lamellar body secretory system, the hydration abnormality is, in part, due to lack of availability of filaggrin-derived proteolytic products. Finally, since the dual abnormalities in the lamellar body secretory system and filaggrin processing resemble two key features of human Harlequin ichthyosis, Pig-a null mice could provide an appropriate analog for further studies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Basic Research Laboratory, Kanebo Ltd., 5-chome Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken 250-0002, Japan
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Zeeuwen PLJM, Dale BA, de Jongh GJ, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, Fleckman P, Kimball JR, Stephens K, Schalkwijk J. The human cystatin M/E gene (CST6): exclusion candidate gene for harlequin ichthyosis. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:65-8. [PMID: 12839564 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin M/E is a recently discovered cysteine proteinase inhibitor whose expression is largely confined to cutaneous epithelia. In human skin it is expressed in sweat glands, hair follicles, and stratum granulosum of the epidermis where it presumably acts as a substrate for transglutaminase. Very recently we reported that a null mutation in the mouse cystatin M/E gene (Cst6) causes the murine ichq phenotype, which is characterized by abnormalities in cornification and desquamation, demonstrating an essential role for cystatin M/E in the final stages of epidermal differentiation. We here obtained the complete sequence of the human cystatin M/E gene (CST6), which provides a tool to investigate CST6 as a candidate gene in skin diseases characterized by abnormal cornification. The involvement of CST6 in harlequin ichthyosis in humans was evaluated by sequencing the entire coding region and intron-exon boundaries for mutations in 11 sporadic harlequin ichthyosis patients. No CST6 mutations were detected in this group, which comprised type 1 and type 2 harlequin ichthyosis patients. Disturbed transcription/translation due to mutations in regulatory and noncoding regions of cystatin M/E was unlikely because cystatin M/E protein expression was observed in all patients examined, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Although our results indicate that CST6 is not a major gene contributing to type 1 and 2 harlequin ichthyosis, these data may facilitate further analysis of the role of cystatin M/E in normal human skin and other genetic disorders of cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Zannolli R, Pierluigi M, Pucci L, Lagrasta N, Gasparre O, Matera MR, Di Bartolo RM, Mazzei MA, Sacco P, Miracco C, de Santi MM, Aitiani P, Cavani S, Pellegrini L, Fimiani M, Alessandrini C, Galluzzi P, Livi W, Gonnelli S, Terrosi-Vagnoli P, Zappella M, Morgese G. 18q-syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia syndrome: description of a child and his family. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 116A:192-9. [PMID: 12494443 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 18q- syndrome [MIM #601808] is a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18. The most common deletion extends from region q21 to qter. We report here a nine-year-old boy possessing a simple 18q- deletion who had abnormalities of the brain, skull, face, tooth, hair, bone, and skin, plus joint laxity, tongue palsy, subtle sensoneural deafness, mental and speech delay, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic, and restless legs syndromes. His karyotype was 46, XY, del (18)(q21.31-qter). The size of the deletion was approximately 45 cM. Most of these abnormalities were not explained by the 18q- deletion. The family pedigree suggested the presence of a subtle involvement of ectodermal and/or mesodermal structures. Karyotypes of the other family members were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zannolli
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Current Awareness. Prenat Diagn 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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