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Ramírez N, Monroig-Rivera C, De Jesús-Rojas W, Rosado E, Arciniegas Medina NJ, Cornier AS, Vélez-Bartolomei F, Johnston CE, Carlo S. Long-Term Follow-up of Untreated Adult Patients with Spondylothoracic Dysostosis (Jarcho-Levin Syndrome). J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:501-507. [PMID: 38127843 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spondylothoracic dysostosis (STD), also known as Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting the formation of the spine, characterized by a complete bilateral fusion of the ribs at the costovertebral junction, producing a "crablike" appearance of the thorax. Despite being declared a core indication for a V-osteotomy vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) expansion thoracoplasty of the posterior thorax, the natural history of STD in untreated subjects remains poorly documented. In this study, we report radiographic and pulmonary function findings and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and 24-Item Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) scores for untreated adult subjects with STD to gain insights into the natural history. METHODS We identified 11 skeletally mature, untreated subjects with STD. Findings on medical evaluation, demographics, radiographic parameters, pulmonary function, genetic testing results, PROMIS measures, and EOSQ-24 scores were assessed. RESULTS Five male and 6 female subjects (mean age, 32.3 years [range, 15 to 70 years]) with a confirmed STD diagnosis based on radiographs and genetic testing were evaluated. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.4 kg/m 2 (range, 18 to 38.9 kg/m 2 ), and mean thoracic height was 16 cm (range, 12 to 17 cm). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) showed a mean forced vital capacity (FVC) of 22% of predicted, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 24% of predicted, and FEV1/FVC ratio of 107% of predicted. The mean PROMIS dyspnea score was 40 ± 8 points (range, 27.7 to 52.1 points). The mean total EOSQ-24 score was 77.3 ± 18 points (range, 43.9 to 93.2 points). CONCLUSIONS Our study characterizes the natural history of STD in untreated subjects. We confirmed the expected restrictive pattern in pulmonary function, but interestingly, our subjects exhibited better EOSQ scores compared with those reported in neuromuscular populations. PFT results and thoracic height did not correspond to PROMIS and EOSQ scores, questioning the use of those parameters as a surgical indication. We therefore suggest that the STD diagnosis as an absolute indication for VEPTR expansion thoracoplasty surgery be reconsidered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Ramírez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayagüez Medical Center, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Carlos Monroig-Rivera
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Science, Ponce Health Science University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Edwin Rosado
- Atlantis Medical Center, Barceloneta, Puerto Rico
| | - Norma J Arciniegas Medina
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayagüez Medical Center, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Alberto Santiago Cornier
- Department of Genetics, San Jorge Children's and Women Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Frances Vélez-Bartolomei
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Charles E Johnston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas
| | - Simón Carlo
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayagüez Medical Center, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
- Department of Genetics, San Jorge Children's and Women Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biochemistry, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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2
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Draga M, Scaal M. Building a vertebra: Development of the amniote sclerotome. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21665. [PMID: 38100740 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In embryonic development, the vertebral column arises from the sclerotomal compartment of the somites. The sclerotome is a mesenchymal cell mass which can be subdivided into several subpopulations specified by different regulatory mechanisms and giving rise to different parts of the vertebrae like vertebral body, vertebral arch, ribs, and vertebral joints. This review gives a short overview on the molecular and cellular basis of the formation of sclerotomal subdomains and the morphogenesis of their vertebral derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Draga
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Scaal
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Wu W, Kong X, Jia Y, Jia Y, Ou W, Dai C, Li G, Gao R. An overview of PAX1: Expression, function and regulation in development and diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1051102. [PMID: 36393845 PMCID: PMC9649799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play multifaceted roles in embryonic development and diseases. PAX1, a paired-box transcription factor, has been elucidated to play key roles in multiple tissues during embryonic development by extensive studies. Recently, an emerging role of PAX1 in cancers was clarified. Herein, we summarize the expression and functions of PAX1 in skeletal system and thymus development, as well as cancer biology and outline its cellular and molecular modes of action and the association of PAX1 mutation or dysregulation with human diseases, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of congenital diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihui Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weimei Ou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cuilian Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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4
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PAX9 Is Involved in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-like Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Regulating Extracellular Matrix. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102366. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play central roles in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. Previously, we established a protocol to differentiate human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest-like cells (iNCs) into PDLSC-like cells (iPDLSCs) using human PDL cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remained unclear what factors principally regulate the differentiation of iNCs into iPDLSCs. In this study, we aimed to identify the transcription factor regulating production of human PDL cell-derived ECM, which is responsible for the generation of iPDLSCs. We cultured iNCs on ECMs of two human PDL cell lines (HPDLC-3S and HPDLC-3U) and of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). iNCs cultured on HPDLC-3U demonstrated higher iPDLSC-associated gene expression and mesenchymal differentiation capacity than cells cultured on HDF or HPDLC-3S. The transcription factor PAX9 was highly expressed in HPDLC-3U compared with HDF and HPDLC-3S. iNCs cultured on siPAX9-transfected HPDLC-3U displayed downregulation of iPDLSC-associated marker expression and adipocytic differentiation capacity relative to controls. Our findings suggest that PAX9 is one of the transcription factors regulating ECM production in human PDL cells, which is responsible for the differentiation of iNCs into iPDLSCs.
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5
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Steele RE, Sanders R, Phillips HM, Bamforth SD. PAX Genes in Cardiovascular Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7713. [PMID: 35887061 PMCID: PMC9324344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart is a four-chambered organ with systemic and pulmonary circulations to deliver oxygenated blood to the body, and a tightly regulated genetic network exists to shape normal development of the heart and its associated major arteries. A key process during cardiovascular morphogenesis is the septation of the outflow tract which initially forms as a single vessel before separating into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The outflow tract connects to the aortic arch arteries which are derived from the pharyngeal arch arteries. Congenital heart defects are a major cause of death and morbidity and are frequently associated with a failure to deliver oxygenated blood to the body. The Pax transcription factor family is characterised through their highly conserved paired box and DNA binding domains and are crucial in organogenesis, regulating the development of a wide range of cells, organs and tissues including the cardiovascular system. Studies altering the expression of these genes in murine models, notably Pax3 and Pax9, have found a range of cardiovascular patterning abnormalities such as interruption of the aortic arch and common arterial trunk. This suggests that these Pax genes play a crucial role in the regulatory networks governing cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon D. Bamforth
- Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.S.); (R.S.); (H.M.P.)
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Malformations of the craniocervical junction: Casamassima-morton-nance syndrome and type I Chiari malformation. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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7
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Bhol CS, Patil S, Sahu BB, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. The clinical significance and correlative signaling pathways of paired box gene 9 in development and carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188561. [PMID: 33965511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paired box 9 (PAX9) gene belongs to the PAX family, which encodes a family of metazoan transcription factors documented by a conserved DNA binding paired domain 128-amino-acids, critically essential for physiology and development. It is primarily expressed in embryonic tissues, such as the pharyngeal pouch endoderm, somites, neural crest-derived mesenchyme, and distal limb buds. PAX9 plays a vital role in craniofacial development by maintaining the odontogenic potential, mutations, and polymorphisms associated with the risk of tooth agenesis, hypodontia, and crown size in dentition. The loss-of-function of PAX9 in the murine model resulted in a short life span due to the arrest of cleft palate formation and skeletal abnormalities. According to recent studies, the PAX9 gene has a significant role in maintaining squamous cell differentiation, odontoblast differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, deregulation of which is associated with tumor initiation, and malignant transformation. Moreover, PAX9 contributes to promoter hypermethylation and alcohol- induced oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma mediated by downregulation of differentiation and apoptosis. Likewise, PAX9 activation is also reported to be associated with drug sensitivity. In summary, this current review aims to understand PAX9 function in the regulation of development, differentiation, and carcinogenesis, along with the underlying signaling pathways for possible cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Binod Bihari Sahu
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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8
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Luan R, Liang Z, Zhang Q, Sun L, Zhao Y. Molecular regulatory networks of thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Differentiation 2019; 107:42-49. [PMID: 31238242 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional mature T cells are generated in the thymus. Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) provide the essential microenvironment for T cell development and maturation. According to their function and localization, TECs are roughly divided into cortical TECs (cTECs) and medullary TECs (mTECs), which are responsible for positive and negative selection, respectively. This review summarizes the current understanding of TEC biology, the identification of fetal and adult bipotent TEC progenitors, and the signaling pathways that control the development and maturation of TECs. The understanding of the ontogeny, differentiation, maturation and function of cTECs lags behind that of mTECs. Better understanding TEC biology will provide clues about TEC development and the applications of thymus engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Liu G, Liu S, Li X, Chen J, Chen W, Zuo Y, Liu J, Niu Y, Lin M, Zhao S, Long B, Zhao Y, Ye Y, Zhang J, Shen J, Qiu G, Wu Z, Wu N. Genetic polymorphisms of PAX1 are functionally associated with different PUMC types of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a northern Chinese Han population. Gene 2019; 688:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Xu L, Xu J, Hu Z, Yang B, Wang L, Lin X, Xia Z, Zhang Z, Zhu Y. Quantitative DNA methylation analysis of paired box gene 1 and LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 α genes in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541217 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is associated with tumorigenesis and may act as a potential biomarker for detecting cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the methylation status of the paired box gene 1 (PAX1) and the LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 α (LMX1A) gene in a spectrum of cervical lesions in an Eastern Chinese population. This single-center study involved 121 patients who were divided into normal cervix (NC; n=28), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; n=32), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL; n=34) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC; n=27) groups, according to biopsy results. Following extraction and modification of the DNA, quantitative assessment of the PAX1 and LMX1A genes in exfoliated cells was performed using pyrosequencing analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each parameter and cut-off values of the percentage of methylation reference (PMR) for differentiation diagnosis. Analysis of variance was used to identify differences among groups. The PMR of the two genes was significantly higher in the HSIL and CSCC groups compared with that in the NC and LSIL groups (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detection of CSCC were 0.790, 0.837 and 0.809, respectively, using PAX1; and 0.633, 0.357 and 0.893, respectively, using LMX1A. These results indicated that quantitative PAX1 methylation demonstrates potential for cervical cancer screening, while further investigation is required to determine the potential of LMX1A methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Ziyin Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Yunheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
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Sivakamasundari V, Kraus P, Sun W, Hu X, Lim SL, Prabhakar S, Lufkin T. A developmental transcriptomic analysis of Pax1 and Pax9 in embryonic intervertebral disc development. Biol Open 2017; 6:187-199. [PMID: 28011632 PMCID: PMC5312110 DOI: 10.1242/bio.023218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pax1 and Pax9 play redundant, synergistic functions in the patterning and differentiation of the sclerotomal cells that give rise to the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs (IVD) of the axial skeleton. They are conserved in mice and humans, whereby mutation/deficiency of human PAX1/PAX9 has been associated with kyphoscoliosis. By combining cell-type-specific transcriptome and ChIP-sequencing data, we identified the roles of Pax1/Pax9 in cell proliferation, cartilage development and collagen fibrillogenesis, which are vital in early IVD morphogenesis. Pax1 is up-regulated in the absence of Pax9, while Pax9 is unaffected by the loss of Pax1/Pax9 We identified the targets compensated by a single- or double-copy of Pax9 They positively regulate many of the cartilage genes known to be regulated by Sox5/Sox6/Sox9 and are connected to Sox5/Sox6 by a negative feedback loop. Pax1/Pax9 are intertwined with BMP and TGF-B pathways and we propose they initiate expression of chondrogenic genes during early IVD differentiation and subsequently become restricted to the outer annulus by the negative feedback mechanism. Our findings highlight how early IVD development is regulated spatio-temporally and have implications for understanding kyphoscoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sivakamasundari
- The Single Cell Biology Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Siew Lan Lim
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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Geze S, Arslan U, Tusat M. [Anaesthesia for infant with Jarcho Levin syndrome: case report]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2014; 65:414-6. [PMID: 26363698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Jarcho Levin syndrome is a rare disorder. There are various vertebral and costal anomalies. Severe deformities and abnormal fusion of ribs and vertebrae cause respiratory insufficiency and pneumonia. We present anaesthesia in a patient with Jarcho Levin syndrome for vesicoureteral reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukran Geze
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tusat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Makino Y, Kaneko K, Yamaguchi A, Iimura T. Developmental biology and etiology of axial skeleton: Lessons from a mouse model of spondylocostal dysostosis and spondylothoracic dysostosis. J Oral Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Anaesthesia for infant with Jarcho Levin syndrome: case report. Braz J Anesthesiol 2013; 65:414-6. [PMID: 26323743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Jarcho Levin syndrome is a rare disorder. There are various vertebral and costal anomalies. Severe deformities and abnormal fusion of ribs and vertebrae cause respiratory insufficiency and pneumonia. We present anaesthesia in a patient with Jarcho Levin syndrome for vesicoureteral reflux.
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A hypofunctional PAX1 mutation causes autosomal recessively inherited otofaciocervical syndrome. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1311-20. [PMID: 23851939 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Otofaciocervical syndrome (OFCS) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, external ear anomalies with preauricular pits and hearing impairment, branchial cysts or fistulas, anomalies of the vertebrae and the shoulder girdle, and mild intellectual disability. In a large consanguineous family with OFCS from Turkey, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of a single pooled DNA sample of four affected individuals. Filtering for variants with a percentage of alternate reads ≥ 90 % and a coverage of at least five reads identified only a single novel homozygous variant, c.497G>T, located in PAX1 that co-segregated with the disease in the family. PAX1 encodes a transcription factor with a critical role in pattern formation during embryogenesis in vertebrates. The mutation is predicted to substitute the glycine at position 166 to valine (p.G166V) within the highly conserved paired-box domain of the PAX1 protein. We performed a dual luciferase reporter assay to examine the transactivation of a regulatory sequence in the Nkx3-2 promoter region, which is a direct target of mouse Pax1 transcriptional regulation. We observed a significantly reduced transactivation in HEK293T cells overexpressing Pax1(G157V) in comparison to Pax1(WT) expressing cells, indicating a reduced DNA-binding affinity of the mutant protein. Taken together, our results show that the strategy of pooling DNA is a powerful, cost-effective application for WES in consanguineous families and establish PAX1 as a new disease-causing gene for OFCS and as part of the EYA-DACH-SIX-PAX network, important in early embryogenesis.
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Giampietro PF, Dunwoodie SL, Kusumi K, Pourquié O, Tassy O, Offiah AC, Cornier AS, Alman BA, Blank RD, Raggio CL, Glurich I, Turnpenny PD. Molecular diagnosis of vertebral segmentation disorders in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:1107-21. [PMID: 23496422 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.10.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebral malformations contribute substantially to the pathophysiology of kyphosis and scoliosis, common health problems associated with back and neck pain, disability, cosmetic disfigurement and functional distress. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the current understanding of vertebral malformations, at both the clinical level and the molecular level, and factors that contribute to their occurrence. METHODS The literature related to the following was reviewed: recent advances in the understanding of the molecular embryology underlying vertebral development and relevance to elucidation of etiologies of several known human vertebral malformation syndromes; outcomes of molecular studies elucidating genetic contributions to congenital and sporadic vertebral malformations; and complex interrelationships between genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of isolated syndromic and non-syndromic congenital vertebral malformations. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Expert opinions extend to discussion of the importance of establishing improved classification systems for vertebral malformation, future directions in molecular and genetic research approaches to vertebral malformation and translational value of research efforts to clinical management and genetic counseling of affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip F Giampietro
- Marshfield Clinic, Department of Genetic Services, 1000 N. Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA +1 715 221 7410 ; +1 715 389 4399 ;
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Melton PE, Carless MA, Curran JE, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Kent JW, Drigalenko E, Johnson MP, Maccluer JW, Moses EK, Comuzzie AG, Mahaney MC, O'Leary DH, Blangero J, Almasy L. Genetic architecture of carotid artery intima-media thickness in Mexican Americans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:211-21. [PMID: 23487405 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND- Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common and internal carotid arteries is an established surrogate for atherosclerosis and predicts risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Often IMT is measured as the average of these 2 arteries; yet, they are believed to result from separate biological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to conduct a family-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) for IMT to identify polymorphisms influencing IMT and to determine if distinct carotid artery segments are influenced by different genetic components. METHODS AND RESULTS- IMT for the common and internal carotid arteries was determined through B-mode ultrasound in 772 Mexican Americans from the San Antonio Family Heart Study. A GWAS using 931219 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was undertaken with 6 internal and common carotid artery IMT phenotypes using an additive measured genotype model. The most robust association detected was for 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs16983261, rs6113474; P=1.60e(-7)) in complete linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 20p11 for the internal carotid artery near wall, next to the gene PAX1. We also replicated previously reported GWAS regions on chromosomes 19q13 and 7q22. We found no overlapping associations between internal and common carotid artery phenotypes at P<5.0e(-6). The genetic correlation between the 2 carotid IMT arterial segments was 0.51. CONCLUSIONS- This study represents the first large-scale GWAS of carotid IMT in a non-European population and identified several novel loci. We do not detect any shared GWAS signals between common and internal carotid arterial segments, but the moderate genetic correlation implies both common and unique genetic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip E Melton
- Deptartment of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA.
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18
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Makino Y, Takahashi Y, Tanabe R, Tamamura Y, Watanabe T, Haraikawa M, Hamagaki M, Hata K, Kanno J, Yoneda T, Saga Y, Goseki-Sone M, Kaneko K, Yamaguchi A, Iimura T. Spatiotemporal disorder in the axial skeleton development of the Mesp2-null mouse: a model of spondylocostal dysostosis and spondylothoracic dysostosis. Bone 2013; 53:248-58. [PMID: 23238123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCDO) is a genetic disorder characterized by severe malformation of the axial skeleton. Mesp2 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factor that is required for somite formation. Its human homologue, Mesp2, is a gene affected in patients with SCDO and a related vertebral disorder, spondylothoracic dysostosis (STDO). This work investigated how the loss of Mesp2 affects axial skeleton development and causes the clinical features of SCDO and STDO. We first confirmed, by three-dimensional computed tomography scanning, that Mesp2-null mice exhibited mineralized tissue patterning resembling the radiological features of SCDO and STDO. Histological observations and in situ hybridization probing for extracellular matrix molecules demonstrated that the developing vertebral bodies in Mesp2-null mice were extensively fused with rare insertions of intervertebral tissue. Unexpectedly, the intervertebral tissues were mostly fused longitudinally in the vertebral column, instead of exhibiting extended formation, as was expected based on the caudalized properties of Mesp2-null somite derivatives. Furthermore, the differentiation of vertebral body chondrocytes in Mesp2-null mice was spatially disordered and largely delayed, with an increased cell proliferation rate. The quantitative three-dimensional immunofluorescence image analyses of phospho-Smad2 and -Smad1/5/8 revealed that these chondrogenic phenotypes were associated with spatially disordered inputs of TGF-β and BMP signaling in the Mesp2-null chondrocytes, and also demonstrated an amorphous arrangement of cells with distinct properties. Furthermore, a significant delay in ossification in Mesp2-null vertebrae was observed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The current observations of the spatiotemporal disorder of vertebral organogenesis in the Mesp2-null mice provide further insight into the pathogenesis of SCDO and STDO, and the physiological development of the axial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Makino
- Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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19
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Sivakamasundari V, Kraus P, Jie S, Lufkin T. Pax1(EGFP): new wildtype and mutant EGFP mouse lines for molecular and fate mapping studies. Genesis 2013; 51:420-9. [PMID: 23377878 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Paired box gene 1 (Pax1) transcription factor plays essential roles in the development of axial skeleton, scapula, pelvic girdle, and thymus. Delineating its pleiotropic and molecular roles in the various tissues requires the ability to track and isolate the Pax1-expressing cells for downstream high-throughput experiments such as microarray and RNA-sequencing. With these applications in mind, we have generated two new mouse lines-a Pax1 wildtype (WT) mouse line that co-expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) with functional Pax1, and a Pax1 knockout mouse line which expresses EGFP under the control of Pax1 promoter, using the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and 2A-peptide multi-cistron concatenating strategies. These mouse lines facilitate the isolation and enrichment of Pax1-specific cells from Pax1-positive and Pax1-null embryos using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). They can be also be used in parallel to investigate the stage- and tissue-specific molecular functions of Pax1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sivakamasundari
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Offiah A, Alman B, Cornier AS, Giampietro PF, Tassy O, Wade A, Turnpenny PD. Pilot assessment of a radiologic classification system for segmentation defects of the vertebrae. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1357-71. [PMID: 20503308 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Existing nomenclature systems for describing and reporting congenital segmentation defects of the vertebrae (SDV) are confusing, inconsistently applied, and lack molecular genetic advances. Our aim was to develop and assess a new classification system for SDV. A multidisciplinary group of the International Consortium for Vertebral Anomalies and Scoliosis (ICVAS) developed a new classification system for SDV, and 5 members group (Group 1) independently classified 10 previously unseen cases using this system. Inter-observer reliability was assessed using kappa, which compares observed agreement with that expected by chance. Seven independent general radiologists unaffiliated with the ICVAS (Group 2) classified the same 10 cases (total, 70 scores) before and after the ICVAS system was explained. We demonstrated the following: Inter-observer reliability for Group 1 yielded a kappa value of 0.21 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.052, 0.366, P = 0.0046); A consensus diagnosis was established for the 10 cases. For Group 2, before the ICVAS system was explained, 1 of 70 scores (1.4%) agreed with the Group 1 consensus diagnoses; Group 2 offered 12 different diagnoses, but 38 of 70 (54.3%) responses were "Don't Know." After the ICVAS system was explained, 47 of 70 responses (67.1%; 95% CI 55.5, 77.0) agreed with the Group 1 consensus, an improvement of 65.7% (95% CI 52.5, 75.6, P < 0.00005), with no "Don't Know" responses. Group 2 average reporting times, before and after explanation of the ICVAS system, were 148 and 48 min, respectively. We conclude that the ICVAS radiological classification system was found to be reliable and applicable for 10 SDV phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaka Offiah
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Hospital for Children, London, UK
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21
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[Jarcho-Levin syndrome: report on one case]. Arch Pediatr 2010; 17:426-8. [PMID: 20189365 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Giampietro PF, Dunwoodie SL, Kusumi K, Pourquié O, Tassy O, Offiah AC, Cornier AS, Alman BA, Blank RD, Raggio CL, Glurich I, Turnpenny PD. Progress in the understanding of the genetic etiology of vertebral segmentation disorders in humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1151:38-67. [PMID: 19154516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral malformations contribute substantially to the pathophysiology of kyphosis and scoliosis, common health problems associated with back and neck pain, disability, cosmetic disfigurement, and functional distress. This review explores (1) recent advances in the understanding of the molecular embryology underlying vertebral development and relevance to elucidation of etiologies of several known human vertebral malformation syndromes; (2) outcomes of molecular studies elucidating genetic contributions to congenital and sporadic vertebral malformation; and (3) complex interrelationships between genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of isolated syndromic and nonsyndromic congenital vertebral malformation. Discussion includes exploration of the importance of establishing improved classification systems for vertebral malformation, future directions in molecular and genetic research approaches to vertebral malformation, and translational value of research efforts to clinical management and genetic counseling of affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip F Giampietro
- Department of Medical Genetic Services, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
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23
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Dane B, Dane C, Aksoy F, Cetin A, Yayla M. Jarcho-Levin syndrome presenting as neural tube defect: report of four cases and pitfalls of diagnosis. Fetal Diagn Ther 2007; 22:416-9. [PMID: 17652927 DOI: 10.1159/000106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS) causes severe vertebral and thoracic deformity and has an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance. Prenatal diagnosis may be difficult in some cases without the history of an affected baby. We present 4 cases of JLS with neural tube defects as the prominent finding. In 2 of them the deformity of the thorax was minimal and was not detected by ultrasonography. Rib anomalies were revealed with radiological and pathological examinations after the termination. The location of the vertebral defect may be the determinant factor for the severity of the thoracic deformity. The real recurrence risk could only be found out after postnatal examinations in cases with neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Dane
- Department of Perinatology, Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Phadke SR, Patil SJ, Kumari N, Krishnani N. Spondylothoracic dysplasia: prenatal diagnosis and the problems of nosologic overlap. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:899-902. [PMID: 17366581 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubha R Phadke
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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25
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Lachman RS. S. TAYBI AND LACHMAN'S RADIOLOGY OF SYNDROMES, METABOLIC DISORDERS AND SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS 2007. [PMCID: PMC7315357 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-01931-6.50027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Lang D, Powell SK, Plummer RS, Young KP, Ruggeri BA. PAX genes: Roles in development, pathophysiology, and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1-14. [PMID: 16904651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PAX proteins function as transcription factors and play an essential role in organogenesis during embryonic development in regulating cell proliferation and self-renewal, resistance to apoptosis, migration of embryonic precursor cells, and the coordination of specific differentiation programs. Recent studies have also discovered a role for PAX proteins in specific stem cell or progenitor cell populations, including melanocytes, muscle, and B-cells. The normal functions of the PAX proteins, including apoptosis resistance and repression of terminal differentiation, may be subverted during the progression of a number of specific malignancies. This is supported by the fact that expression of PAX proteins is dysregulated in several different types of tumors, although the precise roles for PAX proteins in cancer are not clearly understood. An emerging hypothesis is that PAX proteins play an essential role in maintaining tissue specific stem cells by inhibiting terminal differentiation and apoptosis and that these functional characteristics may facilitate the development and progression of specific cancers. In this review, we provide a general background to the PAX protein family and focus on specific cells and tissues and the role PAX proteins play within these tissues in terms of development, mature tissue maintenance, and expression in tumors. Understanding the normal developmental pathways regulated by PAX proteins may shed light on potentially parallel pathways shared in tumors, and ultimately result in defining new molecular targets and signaling pathways for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lang
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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27
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Abstract
Jarcho-Levin syndrome is an eponym that represents a spectrum of short trunk skeletal dysplasias with variable involvement of the vertebrae and ribs. Initially considered to be lethal, it is now accepted as compatible with life in its milder presentations. Here are reported two neonates with the lethal variety of this syndrome. One neonate had associated anomalies like hydrocephalus, hydroureteronephrosis and meningomyelocoele while the other had no additional anomalies. Also is reviewed the literature regarding this less understood disorder focusing on the applied clinical aspects that have stemmed out from the recent molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
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28
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Gilbert-Barness E, Oostra RJ, Agarwal A, Zhou H, Opitz JM. Segmentation anomalies of vertebrae and ribs with other abnormalities of blastogenesis: syndromes or associations? Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2005; 24:331-45. [PMID: 16761562 DOI: 10.1080/15227950500503744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of two recently studied human fetuses and the historical records and remnant 19th century skeletons in the Museum Vrolik in Amsterdam, we have begun an analysis of an unusual form of somite dysgenesis. This disorder includes vertebral and costal segmentation defects with or without (distal) limb malformation and deformities, anogenital anomalies, unusual colonic atresia, abdominal wall and diaphragmatic defect, Central nervous system abnormality with large head, and severe neurohypotrophic lower limb deformities. This study suggests the existence of an axial vertebral/costal dysgenesis complex with apparently or nearly normal number of cervical vertebrae. There also is some overlap with lumbosacral agenesis but different from the autosomal recessive entities Jarcho-Levin syndrome or spondylocostal dysostosis. To date, no associated heart defects have been noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid Gilbert-Barness
- Department of Pathology, University of South Florida School of Medicine and Tampa General Hospital, Davis Island, Florida, USA.
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29
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del Río Holgado M, Martínez JM, Gómez O, Casals G, Bargalló N, Fortuny A, Puerto B. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of Jarcho-Levin syndrome at 20 weeks' gestation in a fetus without previous family history. Fetal Diagn Ther 2005; 20:136-40. [PMID: 15692209 DOI: 10.1159/000082438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2003] [Accepted: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS; spondylothoracic dysplasia) is a congenital disease characterized by multiple vertebral and rib malformations, causing a short trunk dwarfism commonly leading to respiratory insufficiency and death during the first years of life. We describe a case diagnosed during the second trimester routine ultrasound scan for screening of fetal anomalies without a previous family history. The fetus had a severe disorganization of the spine and ribs, skeletal kyphosis, with several hemivertebrae and a small thorax. All of the findings at postmortem examination confirmed the ultrasound features and were consistent with the JLS. To the best of our knowledge there is only one case reported in the literature of a prenatal diagnosis of the syndrome in a family with low risk for the condition.
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30
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Vázquez-López ME, López-Conde MI, Somoza-Rubio C, Pérez-Pacín R, Morales-Redondo R, González-Gay MA. Anomalies of vertebrae and ribs: Jarcho Levin syndrome. Description of a case and literature review. Joint Bone Spine 2005; 72:275-7. [PMID: 15851003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Jarcho Levin syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by the presence of rib and vertebral defects at birth. This syndrome is usually diagnosed in newborns with short neck and trunk and short stature. They present multiple vertebral anomalies at different levels of the spine, including "butterfly vertebrae", hemivertebrae and fused hypoplastic vertebrae. The small size of the thorax in newborns frequently leads to respiratory compromise and death in infancy. We report a new case with short trunk and neck and vertebral and costal anomalies without respiratory problems. A literature review was conducted.
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Martínez-Frías ML. Segmentation anomalies of the vertebras and ribs: One expression of the primary developmental field. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 128A:127-31. [PMID: 15214001 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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