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Dong Z, Qian J, Law TSM, Chau MHK, Cao Y, Xue S, Tong S, Zhao Y, Kwok YK, Ng K, Chan DYL, Chiu PKF, Ng CF, Chung CHS, Mak JSM, Leung TY, Chung JPW, Morton CC, Choy KW. Mate-pair genome sequencing reveals structural variants for idiopathic male infertility. Hum Genet 2023; 142:363-377. [PMID: 36526900 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, routine genetic investigation for male infertility includes karyotyping analysis and PCR for Y chromosomal microdeletions to provide prognostic information such as sperm retrieval success rate. However, over 85% of male infertility remain idiopathic. We assessed 101 male patients with primary infertility in a retrospective cohort analysis who have previously received negative results from standard-of-care tests. Mate-pair genome sequencing (large-insert size library), an alternative long-DNA sequencing method, was performed to detect clinically significant structural variants (SVs) and copy-number neutral absence of heterozygosity (AOH). Candidate SVs were filtered against our in-house cohort of 1077 fertile men. Genes disrupted by potentially clinically significant variants were correlated with single-cell gene expression profiles of human fetal and postnatal testicular developmental lineages and adult germ cells. Follow-up studies were conducted for each patient with clinically relevant finding(s). Molecular diagnoses were made in 11.1% (7/63) of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and 13.2% (5/38) of patients with severe oligozoospermia. Among them, 12 clinically significant SVs were identified in 12 cases, including five known syndromes, one inversion, and six SVs with direct disruption of genes by intragenic rearrangements or complex insertions. Importantly, a genetic defect related to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failure was identified in a patient with non-obstructive azoospermia, illustrating the additional value of an etiologic diagnosis in addition to determining sperm retrieval rate. Our study reveals a landscape of various genomic variants in 101 males with idiopathic infertility, not only advancing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of male infertility, but also impacting clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,The Fertility Preservation Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jicheng Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Tracy Sze Man Law
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Matthew Hoi Kin Chau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The Fertility Preservation Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuwen Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Steve Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yvonne K Kwok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Yiu Leung Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter K-F Chiu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy Hoi Sze Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer Sze Man Mak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Yeung Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,The Fertility Preservation Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,The Fertility Preservation Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,The Fertility Preservation Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Zhang B, Willing M, Grange DK, Shinawi M, Manwaring L, Vineyard M, Kulkarni S, Cottrell CE. Multigenerational autosomal dominant inheritance of 5p chromosomal deletions. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170:583-93. [PMID: 26601658 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-) is associated with phenotypic features including a cat-like cry in infancy, dysmorphic facial features, microcephaly, and intellectual disability, and when encompassing a minimal critical region, may be defined as Cri-du-Chat syndrome (CdCS). Most 5p deletions are de novo in origin, and familial cases are often associated with translocation and inversion. Herein, we report three multigenerational families carrying 5p terminal deletions of different size transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner causing variable clinical findings. Terminal 5p deletions and the mode of inheritance were clinically characterized and molecularly analyzed by a combination of microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Shared phenotypic features documented in this cohort included neuropsychiatric findings, poor growth, and dysmorphic facial features. This study supports newly recognized effects of aberrant SEMA5A and CTNND2 dosage on severity of autistic and cognitive phenotypes. Comparative analysis of the breakpoints narrows the critical region for the cat-like cry down to an interval less than 1 Mb encompassing a candidate gene ICE1, which regulates small nuclear RNA transcription. This study also indicates that familial terminal 5p deletion is a rare presentation displaying intra- and inter-familial phenotypic variability, the latter of which may be attributed to size and gene content of the deletion. The observed intra-familial phenotypic heterogeneity suggests that additional modifying elements including genetic and environmental factors may have an impact on the clinical manifestations observed in 5p deletion carriers, and in time, further high resolution studies of 5p deletion breakpoints will continue to aid in defining genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Marcia Willing
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda Manwaring
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Marisa Vineyard
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Shashikant Kulkarni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Catherine E Cottrell
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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5
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Elmakky A, Carli D, Lugli L, Torelli P, Guidi B, Falcinelli C, Fini S, Ferrari F, Percesepe A. A three-generation family with terminal microdeletion involving 5p15.33-32 due to a whole-arm 5;15 chromosomal translocation with a steady phenotype of atypical cri du chat syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:145-50. [PMID: 24556499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cri du chat syndrome is characterized by cat-like cry, facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, speech delay, intellectual disability and slow growth rate, which are present with variable frequency. The typical cri du chat syndrome, due to 5p15.2 deletion, includes severe intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, neonatal hypotonia and pre- and post-natal growth retardation, whereas more distal deletions in 5p15.3 lead to cat-like cry and speech delay and produce the clinical picture of the atypical cri du chat syndrome, with minimal or absent intellectual impairment. In this article we report a three-generation family with an unbalanced whole arm translocation between chromosome 5 and 15 and a microdeletion of 5.5 Mb involving 5p15.33-32. By reporting the smallest terminal deletion of 5p15.3 described so far and by reviewing the literature we discuss the genotype/phenotype correlations of the distal region of the cri du chat syndrome. The previously described critical region for the speech delay may be narrowed down and microcephaly, growth retardation and dysmorphic facial features can be included in the phenotypic expression of the atypical cri du chat syndrome due to 5p15.3 deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Elmakky
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Licia Lugli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Torelli
- Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Hospital of Pavullo nel Frignano, Italy
| | - Battista Guidi
- Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Hospital of Pavullo nel Frignano, Italy
| | - Cristina Falcinelli
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio Fini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ferrari
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Italy.
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Abstract
The Cri du Chat syndrome (CdCS) is a genetic disease resulting from a deletion of variable size occurring on the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-). The incidence ranges from 1:15,000 to 1:50,000 live-born infants. The main clinical features are a high-pitched monochromatic cry, microcephaly, broad nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, micrognathia, abnormal dermatoglyphics, and severe psychomotor and mental retardation. Malformations, although not very frequent, may be present: cardiac, neurological and renal abnormalities, preauricular tags, syndactyly, hypospadias, and cryptorchidism. Molecular cytogenetic analysis has allowed a cytogenetic and phenotypic map of 5p to be defined, even if results from the studies reported up to now are not completely in agreement. Genotype-phenotype correlation studies showed a clinical and cytogenetic variability. The identification of phenotypic subsets associated with a specific size and type of deletion is of diagnostic and prognostic relevance. Specific growth and psychomotor development charts have been established. Two genes, Semaphorin F (SEMAF) and delta-catenin (CTNND2), which have been mapped to the "critical regions", are potentially involved in cerebral development and their deletion may be associated with mental retardation in CdCS patients. Deletion of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, localised to 5p15.33, could contribute to the phenotypic changes in CdCS. The critical regions were recently refined by using array comparative genomic hybridisation. The cat-like cry critical region was further narrowed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and three candidate genes were characterised in this region. The diagnosis is based on typical clinical manifestations. Karyotype analysis and, in doubtful cases, FISH analysis will confirm the diagnosis. There is no specific therapy for CdCS but early rehabilitative and educational interventions improve the prognosis and considerable progress has been made in the social adjustment of CdCS patients.
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