1
|
Molecular Bases of Human Malformation Syndromes Involving the SHH Pathway: GLIA/R Balance and Cardinal Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313060. [PMID: 34884862 PMCID: PMC8657641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hereditary malformation syndromes are caused by mutations in the genes of the signal transduction molecules involved in fetal development. Among them, the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is the most important, and many syndromes result from its disruption. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and role in embryonic morphogenesis of the SHH pathway, then classify the phenotype of each malformation syndrome associated with mutations of major molecules in the pathway. The output of the SHH pathway is shown as GLI activity, which is generated by SHH in a concentration-dependent manner, i.e., the sum of activating form of GLI (GLIA) and repressive form of GLI (GLIR). Which gene is mutated and whether the mutation is loss-of-function or gain-of-function determine in which concentration range of SHH the imbalance occurs. In human malformation syndromes, too much or too little GLI activity produces symmetric phenotypes affecting brain size, craniofacial (midface) dysmorphism, and orientation of polydactyly with respect to the axis of the limb. The symptoms of each syndrome can be explained by the GLIA/R balance model.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ozaki N, Okuda H, Kobayashi H, Harada KH, Inoue S, Youssefian S, Koizumi A. Deletion of 2 amino acids in IHH in a Japanese family with brachydactyly type A1. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:190. [PMID: 34315464 PMCID: PMC8314500 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by uniform shortening of the middle phalanges in all digits. It is associated with variants in the Indian Hedgehog (IHH) gene, which plays a key role in endochondral ossification. To date, heterozygous pathogenic IHH variants involving several codons, which are restricted to a specific region of the N-terminal active fragment of IHH, have been reported. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogenic variant in a Japanese family with BDA1 and to evaluate its pathogenesis with regard to previous reports. METHODS The proband, a 9-year-old boy, his siblings, and his father had shortened digits and a short stature of variable severity. Based on physical examinations, radiographic findings and family history, they were diagnosed with BDA1. This family is the first case of an isolated malformation in Japan. Sanger sequencing of IHH was performed on these individuals and on the proband's unaffected mother. The significance of the variants was assessed using three-dimensional analysis methods. RESULTS Sanger sequencing showed a novel IHH heterozygous variant, NM_002181.4:c.544_549delTCAAAG(p.Ser182Lys183del) [NC_000002.12:g.219057461_219057466del].. These two residues are located outside the cluster region considered a hotspot of pathogenic variants. Three-dimensional modelling showed that S182 and K183 are located on the same surface as other residues associated with BDA1. Analysis of residue interactions across the interface between IHH and its interacting receptor protein revealed the presence of hydrogen bonds between them. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel variant, NM_002181.4:c.544_549delTCAAAG (p.Ser182Lys183del) [NC_000002.12:g.219057461_219057466del] in a Japanese family with BDA1. Indeed, neither variations in codons 182 or 183 nor with such two-amino-acid deletions in IHH have been reported previously. Although these two residues are located outside the cluster region considered a hotspot of pathogenic variants, we speculate that this variant causes BDA1 through impaired interactions between IHH and target receptor proteins in the same manner as other pathogenic variants located in the cluster region. This report expands the genetic spectrum of BDA1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Ozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kadono-Sanjo Children's Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Okuda
- Department of Pain Pharmacogenetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sumiko Inoue
- Department of Pain Pharmacogenetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohab Youssefian
- Department of Pain Pharmacogenetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Department of Pain Pharmacogenetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute of Public Health and Welfare, Kyoto-Hokenkai, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sentchordi-Montané L, Benito-Sanz S, Aza-Carmona M, Pereda A, Parrón-Pajares M, de la Torre C, Vasques GA, Funari MFA, Travessa AM, Dias P, Suarez-Ortega L, González-Buitrago J, Portillo-Najera NE, Llano-Rivas I, Martín-Frías M, Ramírez-Fernández J, Sánchez Del Pozo J, Garzón-Lorenzo L, Martos-Moreno GA, Alfaro-Iznaola C, Mulero-Collantes I, Ruiz-Ocaña P, Casano-Sancho P, Portela A, Ruiz-Pérez L, Del Pozo A, Vallespín E, Solís M, Lerario AM, González-Casado I, Ros-Pérez P, Pérez de Nanclares G, Jorge AAL, Heath KE. Clinical and Molecular Description of 16 Families With Heterozygous IHH Variants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5822861. [PMID: 32311039 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Heterozygous variants in the Indian hedgehog gene (IHH) have been reported to cause brachydactyly type A1 and mild hand and feet skeletal anomalies with short stature. Genetic screening in individuals with short stature and mild skeletal anomalies has been increasing over recent years, allowing us to broaden the clinical spectrum of skeletal dysplasias. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to describe the genotype and phenotype of 16 probands with heterozygous variants in IHH. PATIENTS AND METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing was performed in patients with short stature and/or brachydactyly for which the genetic cause was unknown. RESULTS Fifteen different heterozygous IHH variants were detected, one of which is the first reported complete deletion of IHH. None of the patients showed the classical phenotype of brachydactyly type A1. The most frequently observed clinical characteristics were mild to moderate short stature as well as shortening of the middle phalanx on the fifth finger. The identified IHH variants were demonstrated to cosegregate with the short stature and/or brachydactyly in the 13 probands whose family members were available. However, clinical heterogeneity was observed: Two short-statured probands showed no hand radiological anomalies, whereas another 5 were of normal height but had brachydactyly. CONCLUSIONS Short stature and/or mild skeletal hand defects can be caused by IHH variants. Defects in this gene should be considered in individuals with these findings, especially when there is an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Although no genotype-phenotype correlation was observed, cosegregation studies should be performed and where possible functional characterization before concluding that a variant is causative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sentchordi-Montané
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benito-Sanz
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Aza-Carmona
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Manuel Parrón-Pajares
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela A Vasques
- Unidades de Endocrinologia Genetica (LIM/25), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdades de Medicina, Universidades de São Paulo, São Paulo, Universidades de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana F A Funari
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André M Travessa
- Serviςo de Genética Médica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias
- Serviςo de Genética Médica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Cruces University Hospital Department of Genetics, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Martín-Frías
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Sánchez Del Pozo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Garzón-Lorenzo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel A Martos-Moreno
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBEROBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Ruiz-Ocaña
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paula Casano-Sancho
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Espluges de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain and CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Portela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerif, Spain
| | - Lorea Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Angela Del Pozo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Solís
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antônio M Lerario
- Unidades de Endocrinologia Genetica (LIM/25), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdades de Medicina, Universidades de São Paulo, São Paulo, Universidades de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US
| | - Isabel González-Casado
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Ros-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guiomar Pérez de Nanclares
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidades de Endocrinologia Genetica (LIM/25), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdades de Medicina, Universidades de São Paulo, São Paulo, Universidades de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen E Heath
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Q, Wang J, Tian X, Shen F, Lan J, Zhang Q, Fan X, Yi S, Li M, Shen Y. A novel variant of IHH in a Chinese family with brachydactyly type 1. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:60. [PMID: 32209048 PMCID: PMC7092535 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Brachydactyly type A1(BDA-1) is an autosomal dominant disorder which is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in a specific region of the N-terminal active fragment of Indian Hedgehog (IHH). The disorder is mainly characterized by shortening or missing of the middle phalanges. In this study, Our purpose is to identify the pathogenic variations associated with BDA-1 involved in a five-generation Chinese family. Methods A BDA-1 family with 8 affected and 14 unaffected family members was recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the pathogenic variant in the proband, and which was later confirmed and segregated by Sanger sequencing. The significance of variants were assessed using several molecular and bioinformatics analysis methods. Results We uncovered a novel heterozygous missense variant c.299A > G (p.D100G) at the mutational hotspot of IHH gene following whole-exome sequencing of a Chinese family with BDA-1. The variant co-segregated with BDA-1 in the pedigree, showed 100% penetrance for phalange phenotype with variable expressivity. Conclusions In conclusion, this study reports a five-generation Chinese family with BDA-1 due to a novel pathogenic variant (c.299A > G (p.D100G)) of IHH and expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of BDA-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tian
- Department of Ultrasonography, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou X, Chandler N, Deng L, Zhou J, Yuan M, Sun L. Prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias using a targeted skeletal gene panel. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:692-699. [PMID: 29907962 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to perform an accurate and precise diagnosis for fetuses with suspected skeletal anomalies based on an incomplete and limited ultrasound phenotype. METHODS Proband-only targeted skeletal gene panel sequencing was performed on 12 families who had fetuses with suspected skeletal anomalies based on ultrasound evaluations at a mean gestational age of 24 weeks and 3 days. The fetuses all had normal standard genetic testing yield (karyotyping and microarray). RESULTS In 10 of 12 fetuses, panel sequencing provided a diagnosis or possible diagnosis with identification of variants in the following genes: FGFR3, COL1A2, IHH, COL2A1, and DYNC2H1. Two cases revealed novel variants in COL2A1 and DYNC2H1. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that targeted skeletal gene panel sequencing is highly sensitive for prenatal diagnosis of fetuses presenting with unexpected ultrasound findings suggestive of a skeletal dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Zhou
- Unit of Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Natalie Chandler
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Linbei Deng
- Unit of Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Unit of Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meizhen Yuan
- Unit of Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Luming Sun
- Unit of Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boegheim IJM, Leegwater PAJ, van Lith HA, Back W. Current insights into the molecular genetic basis of dwarfism in livestock. Vet J 2017; 224:64-75. [PMID: 28697878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of bone growth at a young age leads to dwarfism in adulthood. Dwarfism can be categorised as either proportionate, an overall size reduction without changes in body proportions, or disproportionate, a size reduction in one or more limbs, with changes in body proportions. Many forms of dwarfism are inherited and result from structural disruptions or disrupted signalling pathways. Hormonal disruptions are evident in Brooksville miniature Brahman cattle and Z-linked dwarfism in chickens, caused by mutations in GH1 and GHR. Furthermore, mutations in IHH are the underlying cause of creeper achondroplasia in chickens. Belgian blue cattle display proportionate dwarfism caused by a mutation in RNF11, while American Angus cattle dwarfism is caused by a mutation in PRKG2. Mutations in EVC2 are associated with dwarfism in Japanese brown cattle and Tyrolean grey cattle. Fleckvieh dwarfism is caused by mutations in the GON4L gene. Mutations in COL10A1 and COL2A1 cause dwarfism in pigs and Holstein cattle, both associated with structural disruptions, while several mutations in ACAN are associated with bulldog-type dwarfism in Dexter cattle and dwarfism in American miniature horses. In other equine breeds, such as Shetland ponies and Friesian horses, dwarfism is caused by mutations in SHOX and B4GALT7. In Texel sheep, chondrodysplasia is associated with a deletion in SLC13A1. This review discusses genes known to be involved in these and other forms of dwarfism in livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris J M Boegheim
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112-114, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A van Lith
- Division of Animal Welfare and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, NL-3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Back
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112-114, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jin S, Zhu F, Wang Y, Yi G, Li J, Lian L, Zheng J, Xu G, Jiao R, Gong Y, Hou Z, Yang N. Deletion of Indian hedgehog gene causes dominant semi-lethal Creeper trait in chicken. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30172. [PMID: 27439785 PMCID: PMC4954956 DOI: 10.1038/srep30172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Creeper trait, a classical monogenic phenotype of chicken, is controlled by a dominant semi-lethal gene. This trait has been widely cited in the genetics and molecular biology textbooks for illustrating autosomal dominant semi-lethal inheritance over decades. However, the genetic basis of the Creeper trait remains unknown. Here we have utilized ultra-deep sequencing and extensive analysis for targeting causative mutation controlling the Creeper trait. Our results indicated that the deletion of Indian hedgehog (IHH) gene was only found in the whole-genome sequencing data of lethal embryos and Creeper chickens. Large scale segregation analysis demonstrated that the deletion of IHH was fully linked with early embryonic death and the Creeper trait. Expression analysis showed a much lower expression of IHH in Creeper than wild-type chickens. We therefore suggest the deletion of IHH to be the causative mutation for the Creeper trait in chicken. Our findings unravel the genetic basis of the longstanding Creeper phenotype mystery in chicken as the same gene also underlies bone dysplasia in human and mouse, and thus highlight the significance of IHH in animal development and human haploinsufficiency disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihua Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rengang Jiao
- Rural Energy Management Station of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Livestock Genetic Resources Management Station of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma G, Yu J, Xiao Y, Chan D, Gao B, Hu J, He Y, Guo S, Zhou J, Zhang L, Gao L, Zhang W, Kang Y, Cheah KSE, Feng G, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhou CZ, He L. Indian hedgehog mutations causing brachydactyly type A1 impair Hedgehog signal transduction at multiple levels. Cell Res 2011; 21:1343-57. [PMID: 21537345 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1), the first recorded Mendelian autosomal dominant disorder in humans, is characterized by a shortening or absence of the middle phalanges. Heterozygous missense mutations in the Indian Hedgehog (IHH) gene have been identified as a cause of BDA1; however, the biochemical consequences of these mutations are unclear. In this paper, we analyzed three BDA1 mutations (E95K, D100E, and E131K) in the N-terminal fragment of Indian Hedgehog (IhhN). Structural analysis showed that the E95K mutation changes a negatively charged area to a positively charged area in a calcium-binding groove, and that the D100E mutation changes the local tertiary structure. Furthermore, we showed that the E95K and D100E mutations led to a temperature-sensitive and calcium-dependent instability of IhhN, which might contribute to an enhanced intracellular degradation of the mutant proteins via the lysosome. Notably, all three mutations affected Hh binding to the receptor Patched1 (PTC1), reducing its capacity to induce cellular differentiation. We propose that these are common features of the mutations that cause BDA1, affecting the Hh tertiary structure, intracellular fate, binding to the receptor/partners, and binding to extracellular components. The combination of these features alters signaling capacity and range, but the impact is likely to be variable and mutation-dependent. The potential variation in the signaling range is characterized by an enhanced interaction with heparan sulfate for IHH with the E95K mutation, but not the E131K mutation. Taken together, our results suggest that these IHH mutations affect Hh signaling at multiple levels, causing abnormal bone development and abnormal digit formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lacombe D, Delrue MA, Rooryck C, Morice-Picard F, Arveiler B, Maugey-Laulom B, Mundlos S, Toutain A, Chateil JF. Brachydactyly type A1 with short humerus and associated skeletal features. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 152A:3016-21. [PMID: 21077205 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on a three-generation family affected with an osteochondrodysplasia transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The phenotype consists of short humerus, curved radius with accessory ossification centre at the proximal third of ulna, variable short stature and brachydactyly, and has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. The brachydactyly falls into the brachydactyly A1 category (especially short 2nd, 4th, and 5th middle phalanges). A unique feature in one family member is triphalangeal thumbs. Vertebrae are normal. Mental development is normal and deafness is seen in some of the family members. A mutation was excluded by sequencing the entire coding regions of the IHH gene encoding the Indian Hedgehog protein and the GDF5 gene. This condition is a novel chondrodyplasia phenotype or possibly one end of the spectrum of the brachydactyly A1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Lacombe
- Department Genetics, CHU Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bellon E, Luyten FP, Tylzanowski P. delta-EF1 is a negative regulator of Ihh in the developing growth plate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 187:685-99. [PMID: 19948490 PMCID: PMC2806579 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200904034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Indian hedgehog (Ihh) regulates proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plate. Although the biology of Ihh is currently well documented, its transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. delta-EF1 is a two-handed zinc finger/homeodomain transcriptional repressor. Targeted inactivation of mouse delta-EF1 leads to skeletal abnormalities including disorganized growth plates, shortening of long bones, and joint fusions, which are reminiscent of defects associated with deregulation of Ihh signaling. Here, we show that the absence of delta-EF1 results in delayed hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes and increased cell proliferation in the growth plate. Further, we demonstrate that delta-EF1 binds to the putative regulatory elements in intron 1 of Ihh in vitro and in vivo, resulting in down-regulation of Ihh expression. Finally, we show that delta-EF1 haploinsufficiency leads to a postnatal increase in trabecular bone mass associated with enhanced Ihh expression. In summary, we have identified delta-EF1 as an in vivo negative regulator of Ihh expression in the growth plate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Bellon
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Joint Disorders, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roessler E, El-Jaick KB, Dubourg C, Vélez JI, Solomon BD, Pineda-Álvarez DE, Lacbawan F, Zhou N, Ouspenskaia M, Paulussen A, Smeets HJ, Hehr U, Bendavid C, Bale S, Odent S, David V, Muenke M. The mutational spectrum of holoprosencephaly-associated changes within the SHH gene in humans predicts loss-of-function through either key structural alterations of the ligand or its altered synthesis. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:E921-35. [PMID: 19603532 PMCID: PMC2772877 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations within either the SHH gene or its related pathway components are the most common, and best understood, pathogenetic changes observed in holoprosencephaly patients; this fact is consistent with the essential functions of this gene during forebrain development and patterning. Here we summarize the nature and types of deleterious sequence alterations among over one hundred distinct mutations in the SHH gene (64 novel mutations) and compare these to over a dozen mutations in disease-related Hedgehog family members IHH and DHH. This combined structural analysis suggests that dysfunction of Hedgehog signaling in human forebrain development can occur through truncations or major structural changes to the signaling domain, SHH-N, as well as due to defects in the processing of the mature ligand from its pre-pro-precursor or defective post-translation bi-lipid modifications with palmitate and cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenia B. El-Jaick
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes Cedex, France
- CNRS UMR6061 Génétique et Développement, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140, France
| | - Jorge I. Vélez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Solomon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel E. Pineda-Álvarez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Felicitas Lacbawan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maia Ouspenskaia
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aimée Paulussen
- Academic Hospital and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert J. Smeets
- Academic Hospital and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ute Hehr
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claude Bendavid
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes Cedex, France
- CNRS UMR6061 Génétique et Développement, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140, France
| | | | - Sylvie Odent
- CNRS UMR6061 Génétique et Développement, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140, France
- Service de génétique clinique,CHU Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique David
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes Cedex, France
- CNRS UMR6061 Génétique et Développement, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140, France
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Byrnes AM, Racacho L, Grimsey A, Hudgins L, Kwan AC, Sangalli M, Kidd A, Yaron Y, Lau YL, Nikkel SM, Bulman DE. Brachydactyly A-1 mutations restricted to the central region of the N-terminal active fragment of Indian Hedgehog. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1112-20. [PMID: 19277064 PMCID: PMC2986602 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene Indian Hedgehog (IHH) that cause Brachydactyly A-1 (BDA1) have been restricted to a specific region of the N-terminal active fragment of Indian Hedgehog involving codons 95, 100, 131, and 154. We describe two novel mutations in codons 128 and 130, not previously implicated in BDA1. Furthermore, we identified an independent mutation at codon 131 and we also describe a New Zealand family, which carries the 'Farabee' founder mutation and haplotype. All of the BDA1 mutations occur in a restricted area of the N-terminal active fragment of the IHH and are in contrast to those mutations causing an autosomal recessive acrocapitofemoral dysplasia, whose mutations are located at the distal N- and C-terminal regions of IHH-N and are physically separated from the BDA1-causing mutations. The identification of multiple independent mutations in codons 95, 100, and now in 131, implicate a discrete function for this region of the protein. Finally, we present a clinical review of all reported and confirmed cases of BDA1, highlighting features of the disorder, which add to the spectrum of the IHH mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Byrnes
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, and the University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lemuel Racacho
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, and the University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Grimsey
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, and the University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrea C Kwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michel Sangalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alexa Kidd
- Central and Southern Regional Genetics Services, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yuval Yaron
- Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah M Nikkel
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis E Bulman
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, and the University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stattin EL, Lindén B, Lönnerholm T, Schuster J, Dahl N. Brachydactyly type A1 associated with unusual radiological findings and a novel Arg158Cys mutation in the Indian hedgehog (IHH) gene. Eur J Med Genet 2009; 52:297-302. [PMID: 19464397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1; MIM 112500) is characterized by shortness or absence of the middle phalanx of the hands and feet. The condition is caused by heterozygous mutations in the Indian hedgehog (IHH) gene or a yet unidentified gene on chromosome 5p13. We investigated six affected members of a large Swedish family segregating autosomal dominant brachymesophalangia. Affected individuals show hypoplasia of the ulnar styloid processes, ulna minus, osteoarthritis, normal length of all distal phalanges and shortening or absence of the middle phalanges. Stationary ossicles or sesamoid bones were observed at the metacarpal heads in all patients. Genetic analysis of the family showed that the IHH-gene was linked to the disease (Z(max) 3.42 at theta 0.00) and sequence analysis of IHH revealed a novel c.472C > T transition in all affected family members. The mutation results in a p.158Arg > Cys substitution located in the highly conserved amino-terminal domain of IHH. This domain is of importance for the interaction between IHH and the Patched receptor. Our combined findings add radiological findings to the BDA1 phenotype and confirm a critical functional domain of IHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lena Stattin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|