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Spahiu L, Behluli E, Grajçevci-Uka V, Liehr T, Temaj G. Joubert syndrome: Molecular basis and treatment. J Mother Child 2022; 26:118-123. [PMID: 36803942 PMCID: PMC10032320 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS; MIM PS213300) is a rare genetic autosomal recessive disease characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, a distinctive malformation of the cerebellum and the so-called "molar tooth sign." Other characteristic features are hypotonia with lateral ataxia, intellectual disability/mental retardation, oculomotor apraxia, retinal dystrophy, abnormalities in the respiratory system, renal cysts, hepatic fibrosis, and skeletal changes. Such pleiotropic characteristics are typical of many disorders involving primary cilium aberrations, providing a significant overlap between JS and other ciliopathies such as nephronophthisis, Meckel syndrome, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. This review will describe some characteristics of JS associated with changes in 35 genes, and will also address subtypes of JS, clinical diagnosis, and the future of therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidvana Spahiu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Emir Behluli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Gazmend Temaj
- Human Genetics, College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy Prishtina, PrishtinaKosovo
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2
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Gana S, Serpieri V, Valente EM. Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2022; 190:72-88. [PMID: 35238134 PMCID: PMC9314610 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a genetically heterogeneous primary ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the “molar tooth sign,” and variable organ involvement. Over 40 causative genes have been identified to date, explaining up to 94% of cases. To date, gene‐phenotype correlates have been delineated only for a handful of genes, directly translating into improved counseling and clinical care. For instance, JS individuals harboring pathogenic variants in TMEM67 have a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis, while pathogenic variants in NPHP1, RPGRIP1L, and TMEM237 are frequently associated to JS with renal involvement, requiring a closer monitoring of liver parameters, or renal functioning. On the other hand, individuals with causal variants in the CEP290 or AHI1 need a closer surveillance for retinal dystrophy and, in case of CEP290, also for chronic kidney disease. These examples highlight how an accurate description of the range of clinical symptoms associated with defects in each causative gene, including the rare ones, would better address prognosis and help guiding a personalized management. This review proposes to address this issue by assessing the available literature, to confirm known, as well as to propose rare gene‐phenotype correlates in JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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3
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Strong A, Li D, Mentch F, Bedoukian E, Hartung EA, Meyers K, Skraban C, Wen J, Medne L, Glessner J, Watson D, Krantz I, Hakonarson H. Ciliopathies: Coloring outside of the lines. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:687-694. [PMID: 33369054 PMCID: PMC7898607 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ciliopathy syndromes are a diverse spectrum of disease characterized by a combination of cystic kidney disease, hepatobiliary disease, retinopathy, skeletal dysplasia, developmental delay, and brain malformations. Though generally divided into distinct disease categories based on the pattern of system involvement, ciliopathy syndromes are known to display certain phenotypic overlap. We performed next-generation sequencing panel testing, clinical exome sequencing, and research-based exome sequencing reanalysis on patients with suspected ciliopathy syndromes with additional features. We identified biallelic pathogenic variants in BBS1 in a child with features of cranioectodermal dysplasia, and biallelic variants in BBS12 in a child with the clinical stigmata of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, but also with anal atresia. We additionally identified biallelic pathogenic variants in WDR35 and DYNC2H1 in children with predominant liver disease and ductal plate malformation without skeletal dysplasia. Our study highlights the phenotypic and genetic diversity of ciliopathy syndromes, the importance of considering ciliopathy syndromes as a disease-spectrum and screening for all associated complications in all patients, and describes exclusive extra-skeletal manifestations in two classical skeletal dysplasia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Strong
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,The Center for Applied GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Li
- The Center for Applied GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Frank Mentch
- The Center for Applied GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Emma Bedoukian
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics CenterChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Erum A. Hartung
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Division of NephrologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kevin Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Division of NephrologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Cara Skraban
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jessica Wen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics CenterChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph Glessner
- The Center for Applied GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Deborah Watson
- The Center for Applied GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics CenterChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,The Center for Applied GenomicsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Division of Pulmonary MedicineChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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4
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Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dempsey JC, Bulgheroni S, Chen ML, D'Arrigo S, Glass IA, Heller T, Héon E, Hildebrandt F, Joshi N, Knutzen D, Kroes HY, Mack SH, Nuovo S, Parisi MA, Snow J, Summers AC, Symons JM, Zein WM, Boltshauser E, Sayer JA, Gunay-Aygun M, Valente EM, Doherty D. Healthcare recommendations for Joubert syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:229-249. [PMID: 31710777 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder defined by a characteristic cerebellar and brainstem malformation recognizable on axial brain magnetic resonance imaging as the "Molar Tooth Sign". Although defined by the neurological features, JS is associated with clinical features affecting many other organ systems, particularly progressive involvement of the retina, kidney, and liver. JS is a rare condition; therefore, many affected individuals may not have easy access to subspecialty providers familiar with JS (e.g., geneticists, neurologists, developmental pediatricians, ophthalmologists, nephrologists, hepatologists, psychiatrists, therapists, and educators). Expert recommendations can enable practitioners of all types to provide quality care to individuals with JS and know when to refer for subspecialty care. This need will only increase as precision treatments targeting specific genetic causes of JS emerge. The goal of these recommendations is to provide a resource for general practitioners, subspecialists, and families to maximize the health of individuals with JS throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer C Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara Bulgheroni
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maida L Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise Héon
- Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nirmal Joshi
- Department of Anesthesia, Deaconess Hospital, Evansville, Indiana.,Anesthesia Dynamics, LLC, Evansville, Indiana
| | - Dana Knutzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hester Y Kroes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen H Mack
- Joubert Syndrome and Related Disorders Foundation, Petaluma, California
| | - Sara Nuovo
- Neurogenetics Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Melissa A Parisi
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph Snow
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela C Summers
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York
| | - Jordan M Symons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (emeritus), Children's University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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5
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Uytingco CR, Green WW, Martens JR. Olfactory Loss and Dysfunction in Ciliopathies: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3103-3119. [PMID: 29303074 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180105102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciliopathies are a class of inherited pleiotropic genetic disorders in which alterations in cilia assembly, maintenance, and/or function exhibit penetrance in the multiple organ systems. Olfactory dysfunction is one such clinical manifestation that has been shown in both patients and model organisms. Existing therapies for ciliopathies are limited to the treatment or management of symptoms. The last decade has seen an increase in potential curative therapeutic options including small molecules and biologics. Recent work in multiciliated olfactory sensory neurons has demonstrated the capacity of targeted gene therapy to restore ciliation in terminally differentiated cells and rescue olfactory function. This review will discuss the current understanding of the penetrance of ciliopathies in the olfactory system. Importantly, it will highlight both pharmacological and biological approaches, and their potential therapeutic value in the olfactory system and other ciliated tissues. METHODS We undertook a structured and comprehensive search of peer-reviewed research literature encompassing in vitro, in vivo, model organism, and clinical studies. From these publications, we describe the olfactory system, and discuss the penetrance of ciliopathies and impact of cilia loss on olfactory function. In addition, we outlined the developing therapies for ciliopathies across different organ and cell culture systems, and discussed their potential therapeutic application to the mammalian olfactory system. RESULTS One-hundred sixty-one manuscripts were included in the review, centering on the understanding of olfactory penetrance of ciliopathies, and discussing the potential therapeutic options for ciliopathies in the context of the mammalian olfactory system. Forty-four manuscripts were used to generate a table listing the known congenital causes of olfactory dysfunction, with the first ten listed are linked to ciliopathies. Twenty-three manuscripts were used to outline the potential of small molecules for the olfactory system. Emphasis was placed on HDAC6 inhibitors and lithium, both of which were shown to stabilize microtubule structures, contributing to ciliogenesis and cilia lengthening. Seventy-five manuscripts were used to describe gene therapy and gene therapeutic strategies. Included were the implementation of adenoviral, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentiviral vectors to treat ciliopathies across different organ systems and application toward the olfactory system. Thus far, adenoviral and AAVmeditated ciliary restoration demonstrated successful proof-of-principle preclinical studies. In addition, gene editing, ex vivo gene therapy, and transplantation could serve as alternative therapeutic and long-term approaches. But for all approaches, additional assessment of vector immunogenicity, specificity, and efficacy need further investigation. Currently, ciliopathy treatments are limited to symptomatic management with no curative options. However, the accessibility and amenability of the olfactory system to treatment would facilitate development and advancement of a viable therapy. CONCLUSION The findings of this review highlight the contribution of ciliopathies to a growing list of congenial olfactory dysfunctions. Promising results from other organ systems imply the feasibility of biologics, with results from gene therapies proving to be a viable therapeutic option for ciliopathies and olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.,University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Warren W Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.,University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.,University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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6
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Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS; MIM PS213300) is a rare, typically autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and a distinctive malformation of the cerebellum and brainstem identified as the “molar tooth sign” on brain MRI. Other universal features include hypotonia with later ataxia and intellectual disability/developmental delay, with additional features consisting of oculomotor apraxia and abnormal respiratory pattern. Notably, other, more variable features include renal cystic disease, typically nephronophthisis, retinal dystrophy, and congenital hepatic fibrosis; skeletal changes such as polydactyly and findings consistent with short-rib skeletal dysplasias are also seen in many subjects. These pleiotropic features are typical of a number of disorders of the primary cilium, and make the identification of causal genes challenging given the significant overlap between JS and other ciliopathy conditions such as nephronophthisis and Meckel, Bardet-Biedl, and COACH syndromes. This review will describe the features of JS, characterize the 35 known genes associated with the condition, and describe some of the genetic conundrums of JS, such as the heterogeneity of founder effects, lack of genotype-phenotype correlations, and role of genetic modifiers. Finally, aspects of JS and related ciliopathies that may pave the way for development of therapeutic interventions, including gene therapy, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Parisi
- Chief, Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Wang SF, Kowal TJ, Ning K, Koo EB, Wu AY, Mahajan VB, Sun Y. Review of Ocular Manifestations of Joubert Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E605. [PMID: 30518138 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome is a group of rare disorders that stem from defects in a sensory organelle, the primary cilia. Affected patients often present with disorders involving multiple organ systems, including the brain, eyes, and kidneys. Common symptoms include breathing abnormalities, mental developmental delays, loss of voluntary muscle coordination, and abnormal eye movements, with a diagnostic “molar tooth” sign observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the midbrain. We reviewed the ocular phenotypes that can be found in patients with Joubert syndrome. Ocular motor apraxia is the most frequent (80% of patients), followed by strabismus (74%) and nystagmus (72%). A minority of patients also present with ptosis (43%), chorioretinal coloboma (30%), and optic nerve atrophy (22%). Although mutations in 34 genes have been found to be associated with Joubert syndrome, retinal degeneration has been reported in only 38% of patients. Mutations in AHI1 and CEP290, genes critical to primary cilia function, have been linked to retinal degeneration. In conclusion, Joubert syndrome is a rare pleiotropic group of disorders with variable ocular presentations.
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Joseph N, Al-Jassar C, Johnson CM, Andreeva A, Barnabas DD, Freund SMV, Gergely F, van Breugel M. Disease-Associated Mutations in CEP120 Destabilize the Protein and Impair Ciliogenesis. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2805-2818. [PMID: 29847808 PMCID: PMC5990496 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of genetic disorders caused by a failure to form functional cilia. Due to a lack of structural information, it is currently poorly understood how ciliopathic mutations affect protein functionality to give rise to the underlying disease. Using X-ray crystallography, we show that the ciliopathy-associated centriolar protein CEP120 contains three C2 domains. The point mutations V194A and A199P, which cause Joubert syndrome (JS) and Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD), respectively, both reduce the thermostability of the second C2 domain by targeting residues that point toward its hydrophobic core. Genome-engineered cells homozygous for these mutations have largely normal centriole numbers but show reduced CEP120 levels, compromised recruitment of distal centriole markers, and deficient cilia formation. Our results provide insight into the disease mechanism of two ciliopathic mutations in CEP120, identify putative binding partners of CEP120 C2B, and suggest a complex genotype-phenotype relation of the CEP120 ciliopathy alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesh Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Caezar Al-Jassar
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Antonina Andreeva
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Deepak D Barnabas
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Mark van Breugel
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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9
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Hammarsjö A, Wang Z, Vaz R, Taylan F, Sedghi M, Girisha KM, Chitayat D, Neethukrishna K, Shannon P, Godoy R, Gowrishankar K, Lindstrand A, Nasiri J, Baktashian M, Newton PT, Guo L, Hofmeister W, Pettersson M, Chagin AS, Nishimura G, Yan L, Matsumoto N, Nordgren A, Miyake N, Grigelioniene G, Ikegawa S. Novel KIAA0753 mutations extend the phenotype of skeletal ciliopathies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15585. [PMID: 29138412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal ciliopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders with a significant clinical and genetic variability and the main clinical features are thoracic hypoplasia and short tubular bones. To date, 25 genes have been identified in association with skeletal ciliopathies. Mutations in the KIAA0753 gene have recently been associated with Joubert syndrome (JBTS) and orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome. We report biallelic pathogenic variants in KIAA0753 in four patients with short-rib type skeletal dysplasia. The manifestations in our patients are variable and ranging from fetal lethal to viable and moderate skeletal dysplasia with narrow thorax and abnormal metaphyses. We demonstrate that KIAA0753 is expressed in normal fetal human growth plate and show that the affected fetus, with a compound heterozygous frameshift and a nonsense mutation in KIAA0753, has an abnormal proliferative zone and a broad hypertrophic zone. The importance of KIAA0753 for normal skeletal development is further confirmed by our findings that zebrafish embryos homozygous for a nonsense mutation in kiaa0753 display altered cartilage patterning.
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Abstract
Photoreceptors are sensory neurons designed to convert light stimuli into neurological responses. This process, called phototransduction, takes place in the outer segments (OS) of rod and cone photoreceptors. OS are specialized sensory cilia, with analogous structures to those present in other nonmotile cilia. Deficient morphogenesis and/or dysfunction of photoreceptor sensory cilia (PSC) caused by mutations in a variety of photoreceptor-specific and common cilia genes can lead to inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). IRDs can manifest as isolated retinal diseases or syndromic diseases. In this review, we describe the structure and composition of PSC and different forms of ciliopathies with retinal involvement. We review the genetics of the IRDs, which are monogenic disorders but genetically diverse with regard to causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga M Bujakowska
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Qin Liu
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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11
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Al-Fardan A, Al-Qattan MM. Wide-spread cone-shaped epiphyses in two Saudi siblings with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 39:212-7. [PMID: 28854412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is one of the rarest ciliopathy syndromes. It is caused by mutations of the EVC and EVC2 genes which encode the EVC proteins present in the basal body of the primary cilium. PRESENTATION OF CASES We report on a Saudi family with two affected children. Gene analysis revealed a homozygous c.2T >A in exon 1 of the EVC gene. The most interesting finding in our patients was the wide - spread cone-shaped epiphyses in the hands and feet. DISCUSSION Although cone-shaped epiphyses is a known feature of EVC syndrome, it usually limited to the middle or proximal phalanges. The wide-spread cone-shaped epiphyses seen in our patients have not been previously reported. CONCLUSION EVC syndrome is very rare in the Middle East. We report on the first Saudi family with EVC syndrome confirmed by gene analysis. The most unique finding in our patients was the wide-spread cone-shaped epiphyses in the hands and feet. The abnormality is probably related to abnormal Indian hedgehog signaling in the primary cilium.
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12
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Roosing S, Romani M, Isrie M, Rosti RO, Micalizzi A, Musaev D, Mazza T, Al-gazali L, Altunoglu U, Boltshauser E, D'Arrigo S, De Keersmaecker B, Kayserili H, Brandenberger S, Kraoua I, Mark PR, McKanna T, Van Keirsbilck J, Moerman P, Poretti A, Puri R, Van Esch H, Gleeson JG, Valente EM. Mutations in CEP120 cause Joubert syndrome as well as complex ciliopathy phenotypes. J Med Genet 2016; 53:608-15. [PMID: 27208211 PMCID: PMC5013089 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciliopathies are an extensive group of autosomal recessive or X-linked disorders with considerable genetic and clinical overlap, which collectively share multiple organ involvement and may result in lethal or viable phenotypes. In large numbers of cases the genetic defect remains yet to be determined. The aim of this study is to describe the mutational frequency and phenotypic spectrum of the CEP120 gene. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in 145 patients with Joubert syndrome (JS), including 15 children with oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI (OFDVI) and 21 Meckel syndrome (MKS) fetuses. Moreover, exome sequencing was performed in one fetus with tectocerebellar dysraphia with occipital encephalocele (TCDOE), molar tooth sign and additional skeletal abnormalities. As a parallel study, 346 probands with a phenotype consistent with JS or related ciliopathies underwent next-generation sequencing-based targeted sequencing of 120 previously described and candidate ciliopathy genes. RESULTS We present six probands carrying nine distinct mutations (of which eight are novel) in the CEP120 gene, previously found mutated only in Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD). The CEP120-associated phenotype ranges from mild classical JS in four patients to more severe conditions in two fetuses, with overlapping features of distinct ciliopathies that include TCDOE, MKS, JATD and OFD syndromes. No obvious correlation is evident between the type or location of identified mutations and the ciliopathy phenotype. CONCLUSION Our findings broaden the spectrum of phenotypes caused by CEP120 mutations that account for nearly 1% of patients with JS as well as for more complex ciliopathy phenotypes. The lack of clear genotype-phenotype correlation highlights the relevance of comprehensive genetic analyses in the diagnostics of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, New York Genome Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Romani
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mala Isrie
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rasim Ozgur Rosti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Damir Musaev
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lihadh Al-gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bart De Keersmaecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ichraf Kraoua
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology of Tunis, La Rabta, Tunisia
| | - Paul R Mark
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Trudy McKanna
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Philippe Moerman
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ratna Puri
- Center of Medical Genetics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, New York Genome Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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13
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Malicdan MCV, Vilboux T, Stephen J, Maglic D, Mian L, Konzman D, Guo J, Yildirimli D, Bryant J, Fischer R, Zein WM, Snow J, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Toro C, Solomon BD, Niederhuber JE, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M. Mutations in human homologue of chicken talpid3 gene (KIAA0586) cause a hybrid ciliopathy with overlapping features of Jeune and Joubert syndromes. J Med Genet 2015; 52:830-9. [PMID: 26386044 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chicken, loss of TALPID3 results in non-functional cilia and short-rib polydactyly syndrome. This phenotype is caused by a frameshift mutation in the chicken ortholog of the human KIAA0586 gene, which encodes a novel coiled-coil domain protein essential for primary ciliogenesis, suggesting that KIAA0586 can be associated with ciliopathy in human beings. METHODS In our patients with ciliopathy (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00068224), we have collected extensive clinical and neuroimaging data from affected individuals, and performed whole exome sequencing on DNA from affected individuals and their parents. We analysed gene expression on fibroblast cell line, and determined the effect of gene mutation on ciliogenesis in cells derived from patients. RESULTS We identified biallelic mutations in the human TALPID3 ortholog, KIAA0586, in six children with findings of overlapping Jeune and Joubert syndromes. Fibroblasts cultured from one of the patients with Jeune-Joubert syndrome exhibited more severe cilia defects than fibroblasts from patients with only Joubert syndrome; this difference was reflected in KIAA0586 RNA expression levels. Rescue of the cilia defect with full-length wild type KIAA0586 indicated a causal link between cilia formation and KIAA0586 function. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that biallelic deleterious mutations in KIAA0586 lead to Joubert syndrome with or without Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Furthermore, our results confirm that KIAA0586/TALPID3 is essential in cilia formation in human beings, expand the KIAA0586 phenotype to include features of Jeune syndrome and provide a pathogenetic connection between Joubert and Jeune syndromes, based on aberrant ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thierry Vilboux
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dino Maglic
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luhe Mian
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Konzman
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Guo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deniz Yildirimli
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joy Bryant
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Snow
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghana Vemulapalli
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | | | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Mistry KA, Suthar PP, Bhesania SR, Patel A. Antenatal Diagnosis of Jeune Syndrome (Asphyxiating Thoracic Dysplasia) with Micromelia and Facial Dysmorphism on Second-Trimester Ultrasound. Pol J Radiol 2015; 80:296-9. [PMID: 26124900 PMCID: PMC4463774 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.894188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jeune syndrome is a rare congenital malformation with a reported incidence of 1 in 100,000–130,000 live births. Thoracic hypoplasia is the most striking abnormality of this disorder. Here we report a case of Jeune syndrome with marked thoracic hypoplasia, micromelia and facial dysmorphism, which was diagnosed on a second-trimester antenatal real-time three-dimensional ultrasound. Case Report A 24-year-old primigravida came for routine anomaly scan at 19 weeks of gestation. Transabdominal grey scale and real time 3D ultrasound (US) was done with GE Logiq P5 with curvilinear array transducers (4C and 4D3C-L). US findings were consistent with the diagnosis of Jeune syndrome (Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia). Conclusions Jeune syndrome is an extremely rare congenital disorder with a spectrum of abnormalities of which thoracic hypoplasia is the most striking. It can be diagnosed on early antenatal US by its characteristic skeletal and morphological features which can guide further management of pregnancy in form of termination or preparation for surgical correction of the deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewal A Mistry
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, India
| | - Pokhraj P Suthar
- Department of Radiology, Baroda Medical College, Vadodara, India
| | - Siddharth R Bhesania
- Department of Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Ankitkumar Patel
- Department of Physiology, Baroda Medical College, Vadodara, India
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15
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Shaheen R, Schmidts M, Faqeih E, Hashem A, Lausch E, Holder I, Superti-Furga A, Mitchison HM, Almoisheer A, Alamro R, Alshiddi T, Alzahrani F, Beales PL, Alkuraya FS. A founder CEP120 mutation in Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy expands the role of centriolar proteins in skeletal ciliopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1410-9. [PMID: 25361962 PMCID: PMC4321448 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by a small thoracic cage and a range of skeletal and extra-skeletal anomalies. JATD is genetically heterogeneous with at least nine genes identified, all encoding ciliary proteins, hence the classification of JATD as a skeletal ciliopathy. Consistent with the observation that the heterogeneous molecular basis of JATD has not been fully determined yet, we have identified two consanguineous Saudi families segregating JATD who share a single identical ancestral homozygous haplotype among the affected members. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a single novel variant within the disease haplotype in CEP120, which encodes a core centriolar protein. Subsequent targeted sequencing of CEP120 in Saudi and European JATD cohorts identified two additional families with the same missense mutation. Combining the four families in linkage analysis confirmed a significant genome-wide linkage signal at the CEP120 locus. This missense change alters a highly conserved amino acid within CEP120 (p.Ala199Pro). In addition, we show marked reduction of cilia and abnormal number of centrioles in fibroblasts from one affected individual. Inhibition of the CEP120 ortholog in zebrafish produced pleiotropic phenotypes characteristic of cilia defects including abnormal body curvature, hydrocephalus, otolith defects and abnormal renal, head and craniofacial development. We also demonstrate that in CEP120 morphants, cilia are shortened in the neural tube and disorganized in the pronephros. These results are consistent with aberrant CEP120 being implicated in the pathogenesis of JATD and expand the role of centriolar proteins in skeletal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Hashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Center for Adolescent and Pediatric Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Isabel Holder
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Agaadir Almoisheer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alamro
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Alshiddi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alzahrani
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip L Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK,
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Tuz K, Bachmann-Gagescu R, O'Day DR, Hua K, Isabella CR, Phelps IG, Stolarski AE, O'Roak BJ, Dempsey JC, Lourenco C, Alswaid A, Bönnemann CG, Medne L, Nampoothiri S, Stark Z, Leventer RJ, Topçu M, Cansu A, Jagadeesh S, Done S, Ishak GE, Glass IA, Shendure J, Neuhauss SCF, Haldeman-Englert CR, Doherty D, Ferland RJ. Mutations in CSPP1 cause primary cilia abnormalities and Joubert syndrome with or without Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:62-72. [PMID: 24360808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a recessive ciliopathy in which a subset of affected individuals also have the skeletal dysplasia Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD). Here, we have identified biallelic truncating CSPP1 (centrosome and spindle pole associated protein 1) mutations in 19 JBTS-affected individuals, four of whom also have features of JATD. CSPP1 mutations explain ∼5% of JBTS in our cohort, and despite truncating mutations in all affected individuals, the range of phenotypic severity is broad. Morpholino knockdown of cspp1 in zebrafish caused phenotypes reported in other zebrafish models of JBTS (curved body shape, pronephric cysts, and cerebellar abnormalities) and reduced ciliary localization of Arl13b, further supporting loss of CSPP1 function as a cause of JBTS. Fibroblasts from affected individuals with CSPP1 mutations showed reduced numbers of primary cilia and/or short primary cilia, as well as reduced axonemal localization of ciliary proteins ARL13B and adenylyl cyclase III. In summary, CSPP1 mutations are a major cause of the Joubert-Jeune phenotype in humans; however, the mechanism by which these mutations lead to both JBTS and JATD remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Tuz
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana R O'Day
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kiet Hua
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Christine R Isabella
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian G Phelps
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allan E Stolarski
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer C Dempsey
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles Lourenco
- Neurogenetics Division, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Abdulrahman Alswaid
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, John Edward Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, AIMS Ponekkara Post Office, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Meral Topçu
- Department of Child Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ihsan Dogramacı Children's Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Ali Cansu
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, De Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | | | - Stephen Done
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chad R Haldeman-Englert
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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17
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Halbritter J, Bizet A, Schmidts M, Porath J, Braun D, Gee H, McInerney-Leo A, Krug P, Filhol E, Davis E, Airik R, Czarnecki P, Lehman A, Trnka P, Nitschké P, Bole-Feysot C, Schueler M, Knebelmann B, Burtey S, Szabó A, Tory K, Leo P, Gardiner B, McKenzie F, Zankl A, Brown M, Hartley J, Maher E, Li C, Leroux M, Scambler P, Zhan S, Jones S, Kayserili H, Tuysuz B, Moorani K, Constantinescu A, Krantz I, Kaplan B, Shah J, Hurd T, Doherty D, Katsanis N, Duncan E, Otto E, Beales P, Mitchison H, Saunier S, Hildebrandt F, Hildebrandt F. Defects in the IFT-B component IFT172 cause Jeune and Mainzer-Saldino syndromes in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:915-25. [PMID: 24140113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) depends on two evolutionarily conserved modules, subcomplexes A (IFT-A) and B (IFT-B), to drive ciliary assembly and maintenance. All six IFT-A components and their motor protein, DYNC2H1, have been linked to human skeletal ciliopathies, including asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD; also known as Jeune syndrome), Sensenbrenner syndrome, and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Conversely, the 14 subunits in the IFT-B module, with the exception of IFT80, have unknown roles in human disease. To identify additional IFT-B components defective in ciliopathies, we independently performed different mutation analyses: candidate-based sequencing of all IFT-B-encoding genes in 1,467 individuals with a nephronophthisis-related ciliopathy or whole-exome resequencing in 63 individuals with ATD. We thereby detected biallelic mutations in the IFT-B-encoding gene IFT172 in 12 families. All affected individuals displayed abnormalities of the thorax and/or long bones, as well as renal, hepatic, or retinal involvement, consistent with the diagnosis of ATD or MZSDS. Additionally, cerebellar aplasia or hypoplasia characteristic of Joubert syndrome was present in 2 out of 12 families. Fibroblasts from affected individuals showed disturbed ciliary composition, suggesting alteration of ciliary transport and signaling. Knockdown of ift172 in zebrafish recapitulated the human phenotype and demonstrated a genetic interaction between ift172 and ift80. In summary, we have identified defects in IFT172 as a cause of complex ATD and MZSDS. Our findings link the group of skeletal ciliopathies to an additional IFT-B component, IFT172, similar to what has been shown for IFT-A.
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18
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Schmidts M, Frank V, Eisenberger T, Al Turki S, Bizet AA, Antony D, Rix S, Decker C, Bachmann N, Bald M, Vinke T, Toenshoff B, Di Donato N, Neuhann T, Hartley JL, Maher ER, Bogdanović R, Peco-Antić A, Mache C, Hurles ME, Joksić I, Guć-Šćekić M, Dobricic J, Brankovic-Magic M, Bolz HJ, Pazour GJ, Beales PL, Scambler PJ, Saunier S, Mitchison HM, Bergmann C. Combined NGS approaches identify mutations in the intraflagellar transport gene IFT140 in skeletal ciliopathies with early progressive kidney Disease. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:714-24. [PMID: 23418020 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by variable expressivity and overlaps between different disease entities. This is exemplified by the short rib-polydactyly syndromes, Jeune, Sensenbrenner, and Mainzer-Saldino chondrodysplasia syndromes. These three syndromes are frequently caused by mutations in intraflagellar transport (IFT) genes affecting the primary cilia, which play a crucial role in skeletal and chondral development. Here, we identified mutations in IFT140, an IFT complex A gene, in five Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD) and two Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MSS) families, by screening a cohort of 66 JATD/MSS patients using whole exome sequencing and targeted resequencing of a customized ciliopathy gene panel. We also found an enrichment of rare IFT140 alleles in JATD compared with nonciliopathy diseases, implying putative modifier effects for certain alleles. IFT140 patients presented with mild chest narrowing, but all had end-stage renal failure under 13 years of age and retinal dystrophy when examined for ocular dysfunction. This is consistent with the severe cystic phenotype of Ift140 conditional knockout mice, and the higher level of Ift140 expression in kidney and retina compared with the skeleton at E15.5 in the mouse. IFT140 is therefore a major cause of cono-renal syndromes (JATD and MSS). The present study strengthens the rationale for IFT140 screening in skeletal ciliopathy spectrum patients that have kidney disease and/or retinal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schmidts
- Molecular Medicine Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Abstract
Jeune syndrome (JS), or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a small, narrow thorax, with associated shortening of limbs. Children with JS present with variable degrees of respiratory distress, frequently lethal in the neonatal period. Other associated complications include renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and retinal dysfunction. Management focuses on stabilization and support of respiratory function. Treatment may be palliative in nature or corrective. In recent years, the advance in surgical treatment of the thoracic hypoplasia in JS offers hope to those families with a child suffering from the syndrome. Even with increased research into treatment of this disorder, prognosis is usually poor. Comorbidities associated with JS lead to serious organ dysfunction in later years. Families who have a child with JS need genetic counseling and education focusing on the seriousness of the disorder, the risks and benefits of treatment, and the lifelong needs of those with JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Poyner
- Rady Children's Specialists of San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way, MC 5008, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
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Aguilar A, Meunier A, Strehl L, Martinovic J, Bonniere M, Attie-Bitach T, Encha-Razavi F, Spassky N. Analysis of human samples reveals impaired SHH-dependent cerebellar development in Joubert syndrome/Meckel syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16951-6. [PMID: 23027964 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201408109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) and Meckel syndrome (MKS) are pleiotropic ciliopathies characterized by severe defects of the cerebellar vermis, ranging from hypoplasia to aplasia. Interestingly, ciliary conditional mutant mice have a hypoplastic cerebellum in which the proliferation of cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs) in response to Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is severely reduced. This suggests that Shh signaling defects could contribute to the vermis hypoplasia observed in the human syndromes. As existing JS/MKS mutant mouse models suggest apparently contradictory hypotheses on JS/MKS etiology, we investigated Shh signaling directly on human fetal samples. First, in an examination of human cerebellar development, we linked the rates of GCP proliferation to the different levels and localizations of active Shh signaling and showed that the GCP possessed a primary cilium with CEP290 at its base. Second, we found that the proliferation of GCPs and their response to SHH were severely impaired in the cerebellum of subjects with JS/MKS and Jeune syndrome. Finally, we showed that the defect in GCP proliferation was similar in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres in all patients with ciliopathy analyzed, suggesting that the specific cause of vermal hypo-/aplasia precedes this defect. Our results, obtained from the analysis of human samples, show that the hemispheres and the vermis are affected in JS/MKS and provide evidence of a defective cellular mechanism in these pathologic processes.
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