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Xiang D, Xu K, Chen M, Zhang Z, Sun N, Qi Y, Lu J, Wang C, Yang S. A rare homozygous mutation in the YARS2 gene presents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis and anemia in a Chinese infant. Gene 2024; 914:148379. [PMID: 38490507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kangkang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhongman Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuying Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Selvanathan A, Teo J, Parayil Sankaran B. Hematologic Manifestations in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024:00043426-990000000-00437. [PMID: 38857202 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) are known for their pleiotropic manifestations in humans, affecting almost any organ or system at any time. Hematologic manifestations, such as cytopenias and sideroblastic anemia, occur in 10% to 30% of patients with confirmed PMDs. These can be the initial presenting features or complications that develop over time. Surveillance for these manifestations allows for prompt identification and treatment. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology underpinning the hematologic effects of mitochondrial dysfunction, discussing the 3 key roles of the mitochondria in hematopoiesis: providing energy for cell differentiation and function, synthesizing heme, and generating iron-sulfur clusters. Subsequently, the diagnosis and management of mitochondrial disorders are discussed, focusing on hematologic manifestations and the specific conditions commonly associated with them. Through this, we aimed to provide a concise point of reference for those considering a mitochondrial cause for a patient's hematologic abnormality, or for those considering a hematologic manifestation in a patient with known or suspected mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthavan Selvanathan
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana Teo
- Haematology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Bindu Parayil Sankaran
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Antolínez-Fernández Á, Esteban-Ramos P, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Clemente P. Molecular pathways in mitochondrial disorders due to a defective mitochondrial protein synthesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410245. [PMID: 38855161 PMCID: PMC11157125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism producing the necessary ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. As a remnant of their prokaryotic past, mitochondria contain their own genome, which encodes 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, as well as the tRNAs and rRNAs necessary for their translation in the organelle. Mitochondrial protein synthesis depends on the import of a vast array of nuclear-encoded proteins including the mitochondrial ribosome protein components, translation factors, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases or assembly factors among others. Cryo-EM studies have improved our understanding of the composition of the mitochondrial ribosome and the factors required for mitochondrial protein synthesis and the advances in next-generation sequencing techniques have allowed for the identification of a growing number of genes involved in mitochondrial pathologies with a defective translation. These disorders are often multisystemic, affecting those tissues with a higher energy demand, and often present with neurodegenerative phenotypes. In this article, we review the known proteins required for mitochondrial translation, the disorders that derive from a defective mitochondrial protein synthesis and the animal models that have been established for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Antolínez-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Esteban-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Clemente
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Matveeva A, Watters O, Rukhadze A, Khemka N, Gentile D, Perez IF, Llorente-Folch I, Farrell C, Lo Cacciato E, Jackson J, Piazzesi A, Wischhof L, Woods I, Halang L, Hogg M, Muñoz AG, Dillon ET, Matallanas D, Arijs I, Lambrechts D, Bano D, Connolly NMC, Prehn JHM. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic alterations in mouse models of ALS/FTD identify early metabolic adaptions with similarities to mitochondrial dysfunction disorders. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:135-149. [PMID: 37779364 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2261979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in loss of motor neurons and, in some patients, associates with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Apart from the accumulation of proteinaceous deposits, emerging literature indicates that aberrant mitochondrial bioenergetics may contribute to the onset and progression of ALS/FTD. Here we sought to investigate the pathophysiological signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with ALS/FTD. METHODS By means of label-free mass spectrometry (MS) and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), we report pre-symptomatic changes in the cortices of TDP-43 and FUS mutant mouse models. Using tissues from transgenic mouse models of mitochondrial diseases as a reference, we performed comparative analyses and extracted unique and common mitochondrial signatures that revealed neuroprotective compensatory mechanisms in response to early damage. RESULTS In this regard, upregulation of both Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 3 (ACSL3) and mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (YARS2) were the most representative change in pre-symptomatic ALS/FTD tissues, suggesting that fatty acid beta-oxidation and mitochondrial protein translation are mechanisms of adaptation in response to ALS/FTD pathology. CONCLUSIONS Together, our unbiased integrative analyses unveil novel molecular components that may influence mitochondrial homeostasis in the earliest phase of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matveeva
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Orla Watters
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ani Rukhadze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Niraj Khemka
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Debora Gentile
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivan Fernandez Perez
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cliona Farrell
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Joshua Jackson
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonia Piazzesi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ina Woods
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luise Halang
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marion Hogg
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amaya Garcia Muñoz
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Eugène T Dillon
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
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5
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Sait B, Chidambaram AC, Dinesh Babu RM, Vidhyasagar K, Xavier JR, Sagayaraj B. MLASA-1: A Rare Cause of Myopathy with Sideroblastic Anemia. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:1202-1204. [PMID: 36911436 PMCID: PMC9996516 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_661_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benazer Sait
- Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aakash C. Chidambaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. M. Dinesh Babu
- Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Vidhyasagar
- Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joshua R. Xavier
- Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Benjamin Sagayaraj
- Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Beecher G, Fleming MD, Liewluck T. Hereditary myopathies associated with hematological abnormalities. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:374-390. [PMID: 34985130 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic evaluation of a patient with suspected hereditary muscle disease can be challenging. Clinicians rely largely on clinical history and examination features, with additional serological, electrodiagnostic, radiologic, histopathologic, and genetic investigations assisting in definitive diagnosis. Hematological testing is inexpensive and widely available, but frequently overlooked in the hereditary myopathy evaluation. Hematological abnormalities are infrequently encountered in this setting; however, their presence provides a valuable clue, helps refine the differential diagnosis, tailors further investigation, and assists interpretation of variants of uncertain significance. A diverse spectrum of hematological abnormalities is associated with hereditary myopathies, including anemias, leukocyte abnormalities, and thrombocytopenia. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis in certain glycolytic enzymopathies co-occurs with hemolytic anemia, often chronic and mild in phosphofructokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase deficiencies, or acute and fever-associated in aldolase-A and triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Sideroblastic anemia, commonly severe, accompanies congenital-to-childhood onset mitochondrial myopathies including Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia phenotypes. Congenital megaloblastic macrocytic anemia and mitochondrial dysfunction characterize SFXN4-related myopathy. Neutropenia, chronic or cyclical, with recurrent infections, infantile-to-childhood onset skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy are typical of Barth syndrome, while chronic neutropenia without infection occurs rarely in DNM2-centronuclear myopathy. Peripheral eosinophilia may accompany eosinophilic inflammation in recessive calpainopathy. Lipid accumulation in leukocytes on peripheral blood smear (Jordans' anomaly) is pathognomonic for neutral lipid storage diseases. Mild thrombocytopenia occurs in autosomal dominant, childhood-onset STIM1 tubular aggregate myopathy, STIM1 and ORAI1 deficiency syndromes, and GNE myopathy. Herein, we review these hereditary myopathies in which hematological features play a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson Beecher
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teerin Liewluck
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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7
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Mehta P, Kumar A. Congenital sideroblastic anemia with a novel variant of the PUS1 gene mutation. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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8
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Sayad E, Hammoud M, Khreis D, El Shami M, Matar M, Farah R. COVID-19 associated respiratory failure complicating a pericardial effusion in a patient with sideroblastic anemia. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 34:101543. [PMID: 34777989 PMCID: PMC8571102 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 disease has been associated with several cardiovascular complications that rarely occur in the acute phase of the disease. Case report A 13-year-old pediatric patient with congenital sideroblastic anemia associated with YARS2 mutation presenting with COVID-19 infection and worsening pericardial effusion followed by a respiratory failure refractory to supplemental oxygen therapy leading to cardiac arrest. Discussion This case highlights the rapid deterioration that can occur in children with serious hematologic disorders in the context of COVID-19 especially when complicated with pericardial effusion. Conclusion The importance of pericardiocentesis early in order to allow better ventilation in any significant pericardial effusion case associated with COVID-19 infection and the need for prompt care escalation to centers where ECMO is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Sayad
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine and LAU Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Hammoud
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine and LAU Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Khreis
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maher El Shami
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine and LAU Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Matar
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine and LAU Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Farah
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine and LAU Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Wang J, Deng Q, He X, Chen D, Hang S, Gao Y, Chen Y. Two cases of sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD) syndrome in Chinese Han children caused by novel compound heterozygous variants of the TRNT1 gene. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:244-250. [PMID: 34310935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD) syndrome is a serious autosomal recessive genetic disease. So far, <40 cases have been reported worldwide, and only one case has been reported in China. The main clinical features of SIFD are sideroblastic or microcytic anemia, immune deficiency, and recurrent episodes of inflammation. Here, we describe two unrelated cases of SIFD from China with different clinical manifestations and mild symptoms. Patient 1 was hospitalized at the age of 3.5 years due to persistent joint swelling with imaging of multiple joint effusions. Patient 2 was hospitalized at the age of 12 years due to repeated rashes on both lower limbs and oral ulcers. SIFD was detected using gene testing, which revealed the following compound heterozygous variants in TRNT1 in cases 1 and 2, respectively: c.88A > G/c.363G > T and c.302 T > C/c.1234cC > T. Searches of the HGMD databases revealed that these variants were all novel. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the missense variants c.363G > T and c.302 T > C would cause changes in protein structure and thus affect protein function. Finally, through literature reviewing, we found that the mortality in cases of SIFD was approximately 44% (14/32), and about 79% of individuals who died carried the hot-spot mutation c.668 T > C. Moreover, variants in the non-coding region were significantly more common among patients who died than among survivors. Our cases further expand the existing knowledge of the phenotype and variation spectrums of SIFD and suggest that genomic diagnosis is valuable for the hierarchical clinical management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, China
| | - Denghuan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, China
| | - Shouwei Hang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, China
| | - Yutong Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, China.
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10
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Wang F, Zhang D, Zhang D, Li P, Gao Y. Mitochondrial Protein Translation: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675465. [PMID: 34277617 PMCID: PMC8280776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cells. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles with their own genetic system, and can independently replicate, transcribe, and translate mitochondrial DNA. Translation initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling of the ribosome are four stages in the process of mitochondrial protein translation. In this process, mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators, mitochondrial RNA, and other regulatory factors regulate mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial protein translation abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system diseases. Mutation or deletion of various mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators leads to abnormal mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial tRNAs and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are essential players during translation and mutations in genes encoding them represent a large fraction of mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, there is crosstalk between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation, and the imbalance between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation can affect some physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes the regulation of mitochondrial protein translation factors, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, mitochondrial tRNAs, and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in the mitochondrial protein translation process and its relationship with diseases. The regulation of mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation in multiple diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deyu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dejiu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
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11
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Figuccia S, Degiorgi A, Ceccatelli Berti C, Baruffini E, Dallabona C, Goffrini P. Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase and Disease: The Yeast Contribution for Functional Analysis of Novel Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094524. [PMID: 33926074 PMCID: PMC8123711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, mitochondrial protein synthesis is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as some subunits of the respiratory chain complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations affecting the mitochondrial translation apparatus have been identified as a major cause of mitochondrial diseases. These mutations include either heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations in genes encoding for the mitochondrial rRNA (mtrRNA) and tRNAs (mttRNAs) or mutations in nuclear genes encoding ribosomal proteins, initiation, elongation and termination factors, tRNA-modifying enzymes, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs). Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the attachment of specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Differently from most mttRNAs, which are encoded by mitochondrial genome, mtARSs are encoded by nuclear genes and then imported into the mitochondria after translation in the cytosol. Due to the extensive use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), an increasing number of mtARSs variants associated with large clinical heterogeneity have been identified in recent years. Being most of these variants private or sporadic, it is crucial to assess their causative role in the disease by functional analysis in model systems. This review will focus on the contributions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the functional validation of mutations found in mtARSs genes associated with human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Dallabona
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
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12
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Jin X, Zhang Z, Nie Z, Wang C, Meng F, Yi Q, Chen M, Sun J, Zou J, Jiang P, Guan MX. An animal model for mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency reveals links between oxidative phosphorylation and retinal function. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100437. [PMID: 33610547 PMCID: PMC8010715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain a distinct pool of ribosomal machinery, including tRNAs and tRNAs activating enzymes, such as mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS2). Mutations in YARS2, which typically lead to the impairment of mitochondrial protein synthesis, have been linked to an array of human diseases including optic neuropathy. However, the lack of YARS2 mutation animal model makes us difficult to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying YARS2 deficiency. To explore this system, we generated YARS2 knockout (KO) HeLa cells and zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We observed the aberrant tRNATyr aminoacylation overall and reductions in the levels in mitochondrion- and nucleus-encoding subunits of oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), which were especially pronounced effects in the subunits of complex I and complex IV. These deficiencies manifested the decreased levels of intact supercomplexes overall. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that YARS2 bound to specific subunits of complex I and complex IV, suggesting the posttranslational stabilization of OXPHOS. Furthermore, YARS2 ablation caused defects in the stability and activities of OXPHOS complexes. These biochemical defects could be rescued by the overexpression of YARS2 cDNA in the YARS2KO cells. In zebrafish, the yars2KO larva conferred deficient COX activities in the retina, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and numbers in the photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells. The zebrafish further exhibited the retinal defects affecting both rods and cones. Vision defects in yars2KO zebrafish recapitulated the clinical phenotypes in the optic neuropathy patients carrying the YARS2 mutations. Our findings highlighted the critical role of YARS2 in the stability and activity of OXPHOS and its pathological consequence in vision impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, The Woman's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zengming Zhang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Nie
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuzi Yi
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengquan Chen
- Department of Lab Medicine, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiji Sun
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Insitute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang Univesity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, The Woman's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang Univesity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Abstract
Maternally mitochondrial dysfunction includes a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders which leads to the impairment of the final common pathway of energy metabolism. Coronary heart disease and coronary venous disease are two important clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction due to abnormality in the setting of underlying pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to cardiomyopathy, which is involved in the onset of acute cardiac and pulmonary failure. Mitochondrial diseases present other cardiac manifestations such as left ventricular noncompaction and cardiac conduction disease. Different clinical findings from mitochondrial dysfunction originate from different mtDNA mutations, and this variety of clinical symptoms poses a diagnostic challenge for cardiologists. Heart transplantation may be a good treatment, but it is not always possible, and other complications of the disease, such as mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like syndrome, should be considered. To diagnose and treat most mitochondrial disorders, careful cardiac, neurological, and molecular studies are needed. In this study, we looked at molecular genetics of MIDs and cardiac manifestations in patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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14
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Abstract
Mitochondrial disease presenting in childhood is characterized by clinical, biochemical and genetic complexity. Some children are affected by canonical syndromes, but the majority have nonclassical multisystemic disease presentations involving virtually any organ in the body. Each child has a unique constellation of clinical features and disease trajectory, leading to enormous challenges in diagnosis and management of these heterogeneous disorders. This review discusses the classical mitochondrial syndromes presenting most frequently in childhood and then presents an organ-based perspective including systems less frequently linked to mitochondrial disease, such as skin and hair abnormalities and immune dysfunction. An approach to diagnosis is then presented, encompassing clinical evaluation and biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic investigations, and emphasizing the problem of phenocopies. The impact of next-generation sequencing is discussed, together with the importance of functional validation of novel genetic variants never previously linked to mitochondrial disease. The review concludes with a brief discussion of currently available and emerging therapies. The field of mitochondrial medicine has made enormous strides in the last 30 years, with approaching 400 different genes across two genomes now linked to primary mitochondrial disease. However, many important questions remain unanswered, including the reasons for tissue specificity and variability of clinical presentation of individuals sharing identical gene defects, and a lack of disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers to monitor disease progression and/or response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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15
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Gurtner C, Hug P, Kleiter M, Köhler K, Dietschi E, Jagannathan V, Leeb T. YARS2 Missense Variant in Belgian Shepherd Dogs with Cardiomyopathy and Juvenile Mortality. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030313. [PMID: 32183361 PMCID: PMC7140874 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dog puppy loss by the age of six to eight weeks after normal development is relatively uncommon. Necropsy findings in two spontaneously deceased Belgian Shepherd puppies indicated an abnormal accumulation of material in several organs. A third deceased puppy exhibited mild signs of an inflammation in the central nervous system and an enteritis. The puppies were closely related, raising the suspicion of a genetic cause. Pedigree analysis suggested a monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. Combined linkage and homozygosity mapping assigned the most likely position of a potential genetic defect to 13 genome segments totaling 82 Mb. The genome of an affected puppy was sequenced and compared to 645 control genomes. Three private protein changing variants were found in the linked and homozygous regions. Targeted genotyping in 96 Belgian Shepherd dogs excluded two of these variants. The remaining variant, YARS2:1054G>A or p.Glu352Lys, was perfectly associated with the phenotype in a cohort of 474 Belgian Shepherd dogs. YARS2 encodes the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 and the predicted amino acid change replaces a negatively charged and evolutionary conserved glutamate at the surface of the tRNA binding domain of YARS2 with a positively charged lysine. Human patients with loss-of-function variants in YARS2 suffer from myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 2, a disease with clinical similarities to the phenotype of the studied dogs. The carrier frequency was 27.2% in the tested Belgian Shepherd dogs. Our data suggest YARS2:1054G>A as the candidate causative variant for the observed juvenile mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Petra Hug
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Miriam Kleiter
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Dietschi
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (P.H.); (E.D.); (V.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-631-23-26
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16
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Agnew T, Goldsworthy M, Aguilar C, Morgan A, Simon M, Hilton H, Esapa C, Wu Y, Cater H, Bentley L, Scudamore C, Poulton J, Morten KJ, Thompson K, He L, Brown SDM, Taylor RW, Bowl MR, Cox RD. A Wars2 Mutant Mouse Model Displays OXPHOS Deficiencies and Activation of Tissue-Specific Stress Response Pathways. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3315-3328.e6. [PMID: 30566859 PMCID: PMC6315286 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes essential for mitochondrial function have pleiotropic effects. The mechanisms underlying these traits yield insights into metabolic homeostasis and potential therapies. Here we report the characterization of a mouse model harboring a mutation in the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (Wars2) gene, encoding the mitochondrial-localized WARS2 protein. This hypomorphic allele causes progressive tissue-specific pathologies, including hearing loss, reduced adiposity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We demonstrate the tissue heterogeneity arises as a result of variable activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway and the ability of certain tissues to respond to impaired mitochondrial translation. Many of the systemic metabolic effects are likely mediated through elevated fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) following activation of the ISR in certain tissues. These findings demonstrate the potential pleiotropy associated with Wars2 mutations in patients. A hypomorphic point mutation in the Wars2 gene was identified Mutant mice exhibit progressive tissue-specific pathologies Variable activation of stress response pathways Demonstrating pleiotropic effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Agnew
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle Goldsworthy
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Anna Morgan
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Helen Hilton
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Chris Esapa
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Yixing Wu
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Heather Cater
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Liz Bentley
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Cheryl Scudamore
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Karl J Morten
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Steve D M Brown
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Michael R Bowl
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - Roger D Cox
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.
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17
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Finsterer J. Comment on: Sideroblastic anemia associated with multisystem mitochondrial disorders: The phenotypic spectrum of PUS1 and COX10 variants and mtDNA deletions needs to be prospectively assessed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27945. [PMID: 31393068 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia 1 (MLASA1): A 25-year follow-up. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100517. [PMID: 31641589 PMCID: PMC6796764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia 1 (MLASA1) is a rare disease caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the PUS1 gene. There are eleven MLASA1 patients reported worldwide with the majority of the patients originating from the Shiraz region of Iran. The rarity of this disease poses challenges to counseling patients due to a lack of natural history data. This report reviews what is known regarding MLASA1 and describes two brothers with MLASA1 who were cared for over the course of 10 years at the University of California Los Angeles. The brothers suffered from chronic anemia, transfusion dependency and muscle wasting that lead to respiratory insufficiency and death in one of the brothers.
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19
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Fujiwara T, Harigae H. Molecular pathophysiology and genetic mutations in congenital sideroblastic anemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:179-185. [PMID: 30098397 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sideroblastic anemia is a heterogeneous congenital and acquired disorder characterized by anemia and the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) is a rare disease caused by mutations in genes involved in the heme biosynthesis, iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis, and mitochondrial protein synthesis. The most prevalent form of CSA is X-linked sideroblastic anemia, caused by mutations in the erythroid-specific δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2), which is the first enzyme of the heme biosynthesis pathway in erythroid cells. To date, a remarkable number of genetically undefined CSA cases remain, but a recent application of the next-generation sequencing technology has recognized novel causative genes for CSA. However, in most instances, the detailed molecular mechanisms of how defects of each gene result in the abnormal mitochondrial iron accumulation remain unclear. This review aims to cover the current understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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20
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Mitochondrial DNA transcription and translation: clinical syndromes. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:321-340. [PMID: 29980628 PMCID: PMC6056718 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing primary mitochondrial diseases is challenging in clinical practice. Although, defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the common final pathway, it is unknown why different mtDNA or nuclear mutations result in largely heterogeneous and often tissue -specific clinical presentations. Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) mutations are frequent causes of mitochondrial diseases both in children and adults. However numerous nuclear mutations involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis affecting ubiquitously expressed genes have been reported in association with very tissue specific clinical manifestations suggesting that there are so far unknown factors determining the tissue specificity in mitochondrial translation. Most of these gene defects result in histological abnormalities and multiple respiratory chain defects in the affected organs. The clinical phenotypes are usually early-onset, severe, and often fatal, implying the importance of mitochondrial translation from birth. However, some rare, reversible infantile mitochondrial diseases are caused by very specific defects of mitochondrial translation. An unbiased genetic approach (whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing) combined with proteomics and functional studies revealed novel factors involved in mitochondrial translation which contribute to the clinical manifestation and recovery in these rare reversible mitochondrial conditions.
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21
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Riley LG, Heeney MM, Rudinger-Thirion J, Frugier M, Campagna DR, Zhou R, Hale GA, Hilliard LM, Kaplan JA, Kwiatkowski JL, Sieff CA, Steensma DP, Rennings AJ, Simons A, Schaap N, Roodenburg RJ, Kleefstra T, Arenillas L, Fita-Torró J, Ahmed R, Abboud M, Bechara E, Farah R, Tamminga RYJ, Bottomley SS, Sanchez M, Huls G, Swinkels DW, Christodoulou J, Fleming MD. The phenotypic spectrum of germline YARS2 variants: from isolated sideroblastic anemia to mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia 2. Haematologica 2018; 103:2008-2015. [PMID: 30026338 PMCID: PMC6269294 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.182659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
YARS2 variants have previously been described in patients with myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia 2 (MLASA2). YARS2 encodes the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, which is responsible for conjugating tyrosine to its cognate mt-tRNA for mitochondrial protein synthesis. Here we describe 14 individuals from 11 families presenting with sideroblastic anemia and YARS2 variants that we identified using a sideroblastic anemia gene panel or exome sequencing. The phenotype of these patients ranged from MLASA to isolated congenital sideroblastic anemia. As in previous cases, inter- and intra-familial phenotypic variability was observed, however, this report includes the first cases with isolated sideroblastic anemia and patients with biallelic YARS2 variants that have no clinically ascertainable phenotype. We identified ten novel YARS2 variants and three previously reported variants. In vitro amino-acylation assays of five novel missense variants showed that three had less effect on the catalytic activity of YARS2 than the most commonly reported variant, p.(Phe52Leu), associated with MLASA2, which may explain the milder phenotypes in patients with these variants. However, the other two missense variants had a more severe effect on YARS2 catalytic efficiency. Several patients carried the common YARS2 c.572 G>T, p.(Gly191Val) variant (minor allele frequency =0.1259) in trans with a rare deleterious YARS2 variant. We have previously shown that the p.(Gly191Val) variant reduces YARS2 catalytic activity. Consequently, we suggest that biallelic YARS2 variants, including severe loss-of-function alleles in trans of the common p.(Gly191Val) variant, should be considered as a cause of isolated congenital sideroblastic anemia, as well as the MLASA syndromic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Riley
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew M Heeney
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Magali Frugier
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dean R Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronghao Zhou
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Hale
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Lee M Hilliard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Janet L Kwiatkowski
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Hematology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin A Sieff
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Adult Leukemia Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alexander J Rennings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annet Simons
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J Roodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonor Arenillas
- Laboratorio Citología Hematológica, Servicio Patología, GRETNHE, IMIM Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Fita-Torró
- Iron metabolism: regulation and disease group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Carretera de Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rasha Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miguel Abboud
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Bechara
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Farah
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rienk Y J Tamminga
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia S Bottomley
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mayka Sanchez
- Iron metabolism: regulation and disease group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Carretera de Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, Spain.,Programme of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,BloodGenetics, S.L., Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia .,Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.,Neurodevelopmental Genomics Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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22
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Smith F, Hopton S, Dallabona C, Gilberti M, Falkous G, Norwood F, Donnini C, Gorman GS, Clark B, Taylor RW, Kulasekararaj AG. Sideroblastic anemia with myopathy secondary to novel, pathogenic missense variants in the YARS2 gene. Haematologica 2018; 103:e564-e566. [PMID: 29976739 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.194464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Smith
- Molecular Pathology, Viapath at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sila Hopton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Micol Gilberti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Norwood
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barnaby Clark
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Molecular Haematology, King's College London, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Ardissone A, Tonduti D, Legati A, Lamantea E, Barone R, Dorboz I, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Nebbia G, Maggioni M, Garavaglia B, Moroni I, Farina L, Pichiecchio A, Orcesi S, Chiapparini L, Ghezzi D. KARS-related diseases: progressive leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord calcifications as new phenotype and a review of literature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:45. [PMID: 29615062 PMCID: PMC5883414 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KARS encodes lysyl- transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase, which catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA-Lys in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Eleven families/sporadic patients and 16 different mutations in KARS have been reported to date. The associated clinical phenotype is heterogeneous ranging from early onset encephalopathy to isolated peripheral neuropathy or nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Recently additional presentations including leukoencephalopathy as predominant cerebral involvement or cardiomyopathy, isolated or associated with muscular and cerebral involvement, have been reported. A progressive Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord calcifications was previously described in a singleton patient and in two siblings, without the identification of the genetic cause. We reported here about a new severe phenotype associated with biallelic KARS mutations and sharing some common points with the other already reported phenotypes, but with a distinct clinical and neuroimaging picture. Review of KARS mutant patients published to date will be also discussed. Results Herein, we report the clinical, biochemical and molecular findings of 2 unreported Italian patients affected by developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, spastic tetraparesis, epilepsy, sensory-neural hypoacusia, visual impairment, microcytic hypochromic anaemia and signs of hepatic dysfunction. MRI pattern in our patients was characterized by progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy and calcifications extending in cerebral, brainstem and cerebellar white matter, with spinal cord involvement. Genetic analysis performed on these 2 patients and in one subject previously described with similar MRI pattern revealed the presence of biallelic mutations in KARS in all 3 subjects. Conclusions With our report we define the molecular basis of the previously described Leukoencephalopathy with Brainstem and Spinal cord Calcification widening the spectrum of KARS related disorders, particularly in childhood onset disease suggestive for mitochondrial impairment. The review of previous cases does not suggest a strict and univocal genotype/phenotype correlation for this highly heterogeneous entity. Moreover, our cases confirm the usefulness of search for common brain and spine MR imaging pattern and of broad genetic screening, in syndromes clinically resembling mitochondrial disorders in spite of normal biochemical assay. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0788-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ardissone
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine DIMET, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Legati
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Imen Dorboz
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, Paris 06, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Diseases, National Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Nebbia
- Service of Paediatric Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- Neuroradiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Structure, function, and drug discovery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:400-414. [PMID: 29305884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are the enzymes that catalyze the aminoacylation reaction by covalently linking an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in the first step of protein translation. Beyond this classical function, these enzymes are also known to have a role in several metabolic and signaling pathways that are important for cell viability. Study of these enzymes is of great interest to the researchers due to its pivotal role in the growth and survival of an organism. Further, unfolding the interesting structural and functional aspects of these enzymes in the last few years has qualified them as a potential drug target against various diseases. Here we review the classification, function, and the conserved as well the appended structural architecture of these enzymes in detail, including its association with multi-synthetase complexes. We also considered their role in human diseases in terms of mutations and autoantibodies against AARSs. Finally, we have discussed the available inhibitors against AARSs. This review offers comprehensive information on AARSs under a single canopy that would be a good inventory for researchers working in this area.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles present in virtually all human cells that are needed for a multitude of cellular functions, including energy production, control of cell apoptosis and numerous biochemical catabolic and synthetic pathways that are critical for cellular health. Primary mitochondrial disorders are a group of greater than 200 single gene defects arising from two genomes (nuclear and mitochondrial) leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, and are associated with extremely heterogeneous phenotypes. Neuromuscular features predominate, but often with multisystem involvement. Clinical suspicion of a mitochondrial disorder should prompt multipronged investigation with biochemical and molecular genetic studies. Recent wide-scale adoption of next-generation sequencing approaches has led to a rapid increase in the number of disease genes. The advances in unravelling the genetic landscape of mitochondrial diseases have not yet been matched by progress in developing effective therapies, and the mainstay of care remains supportive therapies in a multidisciplinary team setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Davison
- Metabolic Unit,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Metabolic Unit,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Mitochondrial Research Group,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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26
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Meyer-Schuman R, Antonellis A. Emerging mechanisms of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase mutations in recessive and dominant human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R114-R127. [PMID: 28633377 PMCID: PMC5886470 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are responsible for charging amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which is the essential first step of protein translation. Interestingly, mutations in genes encoding ARS enzymes have been implicated in a broad spectrum of human inherited diseases. Bi-allelic mutations in ARSs typically cause severe, early-onset, recessive diseases that affect a wide range of tissues. The vast majority of these mutations show loss-of-function effects and impair protein translation. However, it is not clear how a subset cause tissue-specific phenotypes. In contrast, dominant ARS-mediated diseases specifically affect the peripheral nervous system-most commonly causing axonal peripheral neuropathy-and usually manifest later in life. These neuropathies are linked to heterozygosity for missense mutations in five ARS genes, which points to a shared mechanism of disease. However, it is not clear if a loss-of-function mechanism or a toxic gain-of-function mechanism is responsible for ARS-mediated neuropathy, or if a combination of these mechanisms operate on a mutation-specific basis. Here, we review our current understanding of recessive and dominant ARS-mediated disease. We also propose future directions for defining the molecular mechanisms of ARS mutations toward designing therapies for affected patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Meyer-Schuman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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27
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Sommerville EW, Ng YS, Alston CL, Dallabona C, Gilberti M, He L, Knowles C, Chin SL, Schaefer AM, Falkous G, Murdoch D, Longman C, de Visser M, Bindoff LA, Rawles JM, Dean JCS, Petty RK, Farrugia ME, Haack TB, Prokisch H, McFarland R, Turnbull DM, Donnini C, Taylor RW, Gorman GS. Clinical Features, Molecular Heterogeneity, and Prognostic Implications in YARS2-Related Mitochondrial Myopathy. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:686-694. [PMID: 28395030 PMCID: PMC5822212 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance YARS2 mutations have been associated with a clinical triad of myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia in predominantly Middle Eastern populations. However, the identification of new patients expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of mitochondrial disorders. Objectives To review the clinical, molecular, and genetic features of YARS2-related mitochondrial disease and to demonstrate a new Scottish founder variant. Design, Setting, and Participants An observational case series study was conducted at a national diagnostic center for mitochondrial disease in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, and review of cases published in the literature. Six adults in a well-defined mitochondrial disease cohort and 11 additional cases described in the literature were identified with YARS2 variants between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2015. Main Outcome and Measures The spectrum of clinical features and disease progression in unreported and reported patients with pathogenic YARS2 variants. Results Seventeen patients (median [interquartile range] age at onset, 1.5 [9.8] years) with YARS2-related mitochondrial myopathy were identified. Fifteen individuals (88%) exhibited an elevated blood lactate level accompanied by generalized myopathy; only 12 patients (71%) manifested with sideroblastic anemia. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (9 [53%]) and respiratory insufficiency (8 [47%]) were also prominent clinical features. Central nervous system involvement was rare. Muscle studies showed global cytochrome-c oxidase deficiency in all patients tested and severe, combined respiratory chain complex activity deficiencies. Microsatellite genotyping demonstrated a common founder effect shared between 3 Scottish patients with a p.Leu392Ser variant. Immunoblotting from fibroblasts and myoblasts of an affected Scottish patient showed normal YARS2 protein levels and mild respiratory chain complex defects. Yeast modeling of novel missense YARS2 variants closely correlated with the severity of clinical phenotypes. Conclusions and Relevance The p.Leu392Ser variant is likely a newly identified founder YARS2 mutation. Testing for pathogenic YARS2 variants should be considered in patients presenting with mitochondrial myopathy, characterized by exercise intolerance and muscle weakness even in the absence of sideroblastic anemia irrespective of ethnicity. Regular surveillance and early treatment for cardiomyopathy and respiratory muscle weakness is advocated because early treatment may mitigate the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen W. Sommerville
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Charlotte L. Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | | | - Micol Gilberti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Charlotte Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Sophie L. Chin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Andrew M. Schaefer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - David Murdoch
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurence A. Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - John M. Rawles
- Department of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland (retired)
| | - John C. S. Dean
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Richard K. Petty
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Maria E. Farrugia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Douglass M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Gráinne S. Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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28
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Differential contribution of the mitochondrial translation pathway to the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subsets. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:251-262. [PMID: 27768122 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a highly heterogeneous group of tumors in which subsets share molecular features revealed by gene expression profiles and metabolic fingerprints. While B-cell receptor (BCR)-dependent DLBCLs are glycolytic, OxPhos-DLBCLs rely on mitochondrial energy transduction and nutrient utilization pathways that provide pro-survival benefits independent of BCR signaling. Integral to these metabolic distinctions is elevated mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity in OxPhos-DLBCLs compared with BCR-DLBCLs, which is linked to greater protein abundance of ETC components. To gain insights into molecular determinants of the selective increase in ETC activity and dependence on mitochondrial energy metabolism in OxPhos-DLBCLs, we examined the mitochondrial translation pathway in charge of the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA encoded ETC subunits. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified increased expression of mitochondrial translation factors in OxPhos-DLBCL as compared with the BCR subtype. Biochemical and functional assays indicate that the mitochondrial translation pathway is required for increased ETC activity and mitochondrial energy reserves in OxPhos-DLBCL. Importantly, molecular depletion of several mitochondrial translation proteins using RNA interference or pharmacological perturbation of the mitochondrial translation pathway with the FDA-approved inhibitor tigecycline (Tigecyl) is selectively toxic to OxPhos-DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors. These findings provide additional molecular insights into the metabolic characteristics of OxPhos-DLBCLs, and mark the mitochondrial translation pathway as a potential therapeutic target in these tumors.
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29
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Wedatilake Y, Niazi R, Fassone E, Powell CA, Pearce S, Plagnol V, Saldanha JW, Kleta R, Chong WK, Footitt E, Mills PB, Taanman JW, Minczuk M, Clayton PT, Rahman S. TRNT1 deficiency: clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic features. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:90. [PMID: 27370603 PMCID: PMC4930608 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TRNT1 (CCA-adding transfer RNA nucleotidyl transferase) enzyme deficiency is a new metabolic disease caused by defective post-transcriptional modification of mitochondrial and cytosolic transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Results We investigated four patients from two families with infantile-onset cyclical, aseptic febrile episodes with vomiting and diarrhoea, global electrolyte imbalance during these episodes, sideroblastic anaemia, B lymphocyte immunodeficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, hepatosplenomegaly, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and renal tubulopathy. Other clinical features found in children include sensorineural deafness, cerebellar atrophy, brittle hair, partial villous atrophy and nephrocalcinosis. Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic filtering were utilised to identify recessive compound heterozygous TRNT1 mutations (missense mutation c.668T>C, p.Ile223Thr and a novel splice mutation c.342+5G>T) segregating with disease in the first family. The second family was found to have a homozygous TRNT1 mutation (c.569G>T), p.Arg190Ile, (previously published). We found normal mitochondrial translation products using passage matched controls and functional perturbation of 3’ CCA addition to mitochondrial tRNAs (tRNACys, tRNALeuUUR and tRNAHis) in fibroblasts from two patients, demonstrating a pathomechanism affecting the CCA addition to mt-tRNAs. Acute management of these patients included transfusion for anaemia, fluid and electrolyte replacement and immunoglobulin therapy. We also describe three-year follow-up findings after treatment by bone marrow transplantation in one patient, with resolution of fever and reversal of the abnormal metabolic profile. Conclusions Our report highlights that TRNT1 mutations cause a spectrum of disease ranging from a childhood-onset complex disease with manifestations in most organs to an adult-onset isolated retinitis pigmentosa presentation. Systematic review of all TRNT1 cases and mutations reported to date revealed a distinctive phenotypic spectrum and metabolic and other investigative findings, which will facilitate rapid clinical recognition of future cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehani Wedatilake
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rojeen Niazi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elisa Fassone
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - José W Saldanha
- Division of Mathematical Biology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK.,Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - W Kling Chong
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Emma Footitt
- Metabolic medicine department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jan-Willem Taanman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. .,Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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30
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Pseudouridine synthase 1 deficient mice, a model for Mitochondrial Myopathy with Sideroblastic Anemia, exhibit muscle morphology and physiology alterations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26202. [PMID: 27197761 PMCID: PMC4873756 DOI: 10.1038/srep26202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy with lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia (MLASA) is an oxidative phosphorylation disorder, with primary clinical manifestations of myopathic exercise intolerance and a macrocytic sideroblastic anemia. One cause of MLASA is recessive mutations in PUS1, which encodes pseudouridine (Ψ) synthase 1 (Pus1p). Here we describe a mouse model of MLASA due to mutations in PUS1. As expected, certain Ψ modifications were missing in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs from Pus1−/− animals. Pus1−/− mice were born at the expected Mendelian frequency and were non-dysmorphic. At 14 weeks the mutants displayed reduced exercise capacity. Examination of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle morphology and histochemistry demonstrated an increase in the cross sectional area and proportion of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIB and low succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) expressing myofibers, without a change in the size of MHC IIA positive or high SDH myofibers. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was significantly reduced in extracts from red gastrocnemius muscle from Pus1−/− mice. Transmission electron microscopy on red gastrocnemius muscle demonstrated that Pus1−/− mice also had lower intermyofibrillar mitochondrial density and smaller mitochondria. Collectively, these results suggest that alterations in muscle metabolism related to mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity may account for the reduced exercise capacity in Pus1−/− mice.
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31
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Rouault TA. Mitochondrial iron overload: causes and consequences. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 38:31-37. [PMID: 27026139 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological overload of iron in the mitochondrial matrix has been observed in numerous diseases, including sideroblastic anemias, which have many causes, and in genetic diseases that affect iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, heme synthesis, and mitochondrial protein translation and its products. Although high expression of the mitochondrial iron importer, mitoferrin, appears to be an underlying common feature, it is unclear what drives high mitoferrin expression and what other proteins are involved in trapping excess toxic iron in the mitochondrial matrix. Numerous examples of human diseases and model systems suggest that mitochondrial iron homeostasis is coordinated through transcriptional remodeling. A cytosolic/nuclear molecule may affect a transcriptional factor to coordinate the events that lead to iron accumulation, but no candidates for this role have yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Rouault
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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32
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McCusker CD, Athippozhy A, Diaz-Castillo C, Fowlkes C, Gardiner DM, Voss SR. Positional plasticity in regenerating Amybstoma mexicanum limbs is associated with cell proliferation and pathways of cellular differentiation. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:45. [PMID: 26597593 PMCID: PMC4657325 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The endogenous ability to dedifferentiate, re-pattern, and re-differentiate adult cells to repair or replace damaged or missing structures is exclusive to only a few tetrapod species. The Mexican axolotl is one example of these species, having the capacity to regenerate multiple adult structures including their limbs by generating a group of progenitor cells, known as the blastema, which acquire pattern and differentiate into the missing tissues. The formation of a limb regenerate is dependent on cells in the connective tissues that retain memory of their original position in the limb, and use this information to generate the pattern of the missing structure. Observations from recent and historic studies suggest that blastema cells vary in their potential to pattern distal structures during the regeneration process; some cells are plastic and can be reprogrammed to obtain new positional information while others are stable. Our previous studies showed that positional information has temporal and spatial components of variation; early bud (EB) and apical late bud (LB) blastema cells are plastic while basal-LB cells are stable. To identify the potential cellular and molecular basis of this variation, we compared these three cell populations using histological and transcriptional approaches. Results Histologically, the basal-LB sample showed greater tissue organization than the EB and apical-LB samples. We also observed that cell proliferation was more abundant in EB and apical-LB tissue when compared to basal-LB and mature stump tissue. Lastly, we found that genes associated with cellular differentiation were expressed more highly in the basal-LB samples. Conclusions Our results characterize histological and transcriptional differences between EB and apical-LB tissue compared to basal-LB tissue. Combined with our results from a previous study, we hypothesize that the stability of positional information is associated with tissue organization, cell proliferation, and pathways of cellular differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-015-0095-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antony Athippozhy
- Department of Biology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Carlos Diaz-Castillo
- Department of Developmental and Cellular Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92602, USA.
| | - Charless Fowlkes
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92602, USA.
| | - David M Gardiner
- Department of Developmental and Cellular Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92602, USA.
| | - S Randal Voss
- Department of Biology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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33
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Riley LG, Rudinger-Thirion J, Schmitz-Abe K, Thorburn DR, Davis RL, Teo J, Arbuckle S, Cooper ST, Campagna DR, Frugier M, Markianos K, Sue CM, Fleming MD, Christodoulou J. LARS2 Variants Associated with Hydrops, Lactic Acidosis, Sideroblastic Anemia, and Multisystem Failure. JIMD Rep 2015; 28:49-57. [PMID: 26537577 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases result in a broad range of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders despite their shared role in mitochondrial protein synthesis. LARS2 encodes the mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase, which attaches leucine to its cognate tRNA. Sequence variants in LARS2 have previously been associated with Perrault syndrome, characterized by premature ovarian failure and hearing loss (OMIM #615300). In this study, we report variants in LARS2 that are associated with a severe multisystem metabolic disorder. The proband was born prematurely with severe lactic acidosis, hydrops, and sideroblastic anemia. She had multisystem complications with hyaline membrane disease, impaired cardiac function, a coagulopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and progressive renal disease and succumbed at 5 days of age. Whole exome sequencing of patient DNA revealed compound heterozygous variants in LARS2 (c.1289C>T; p.Ala430Val and c.1565C>A; p.Thr522Asn). The c.1565C>A (p.Thr522Asn) LARS2 variant has previously been associated with Perrault syndrome and both identified variants are predicted to be damaging (SIFT, PolyPhen). Muscle and liver samples from the proband did not display marked mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme deficiency. Immunoblotting of patient muscle and liver showed LARS2 levels were reduced in liver and complex I protein levels were reduced in patient muscle and liver. Aminoacylation assays revealed p.Ala430Val LARS2 had an 18-fold loss of catalytic efficiency and p.Thr522Asn a 9-fold loss compared to wild-type LARS2. We suggest that the identified LARS2 variants are responsible for the severe multisystem clinical phenotype seen in this baby and that mutations in LARS2 can result in variable phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Riley
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R Thorburn
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan L Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana Teo
- Department of Haematology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Arbuckle
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dean R Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magali Frugier
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kyriacos Markianos
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Brunel-Guitton C, Levtova A, Sasarman F. Mitochondrial Diseases and Cardiomyopathies. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1360-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Holmbeck MA, Donner JR, Villa-Cuesta E, Rand DM. A Drosophila model for mito-nuclear diseases generated by an incompatible interaction between tRNA and tRNA synthetase. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:843-54. [PMID: 26035388 PMCID: PMC4527286 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is vital for cellular function. The assembly of mitochondrial enzyme complexes, which produce the majority of cellular energy, requires the coordinated expression and translation of both mitochondrially and nuclear-encoded proteins. The joint genetic architecture of this system complicates the basis of mitochondrial diseases, and mutations both in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)- and nuclear-encoded genes have been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Previously, in a set of mitochondrial-nuclear introgression strains, we characterized a dual genome epistasis in which a naturally occurring mutation in the Drosophila simulans simw(501) mtDNA-encoded transfer RNA (tRNA) for tyrosine (tRNA(Tyr)) interacts with a mutation in the nuclear-encoded mitochondrially localized tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we show that the incompatible mitochondrial-nuclear combination results in locomotor defects, reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity, decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzyme activity and severe alterations in mitochondrial morphology. Transgenic rescue strains containing nuclear variants of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase are sufficient to rescue many of the deleterious phenotypes identified when paired with the simw(501) mtDNA. However, the severity of this defective mito-nuclear interaction varies across traits and genetic backgrounds, suggesting that the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction might be tissue specific. Because mutations in mitochondrial tRNA(Tyr) are associated with exercise intolerance in humans, this mitochondrial-nuclear introgression model in Drosophila provides a means to dissect the molecular basis of these, and other, mitochondrial diseases that are a consequence of the joint genetic architecture of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Holmbeck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Julia R Donner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | - David M Rand
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Abstract
YARS2 encodes the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the covalent binding of tyrosine to its cognate mt-tRNA. Mutations in YARS2 have been identified in patients with myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia type 2 (MLASA2). We report here on two siblings with a novel mutation and a review of literature. The older patient presented at 2 months with marked anemia and lactic acidemia. He required periodic blood transfusions until 14 months of age. Cognitive and motor development was normal. His younger sister was diagnosed at birth, presenting with anemia and lactic acidosis at 1 month of age requiring periodical transfusions. She is now 14 months old and doing well. For both our patients, there was no clinical evidence of muscle involvement. We found a new homozygous mutation in YARS2, located in the α-anticodon-binding (αACB) domain, involved in the interaction with the anticodon of the cognate mt-tRNA(Tyr).Our study confirms that MLASA must be considered in patients with congenital sideroblastic anemia and underlines the importance of early diagnosis and supportive therapy in order to prevent severe complications. Clinical severity is variable among YARS2-reported patients: our review of the literature suggests a possible phenotype-genotype correlation, although this should be confirmed in a larger population.
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Finsterer J, Kothari S. Cardiac manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:754-63. [PMID: 25465824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the most frequently affected organs in mitochondrial disorders (MIDs), defined as hereditary diseases due to affection of the mitochondrial energy metabolism, is the heart. Cardiac involvement (CI) in MIDs has therapeutic and prognostic implications. This review aims at summarizing and discussing the various cardiac manifestations in MIDs. METHODS Data for this review were identified by searches of MEDLINE, Current Contents, and PubMed using appropriate search terms. RESULTS CI in MIDs may be classified according to various different criteria. In the present review cardiac abnormalities in MIDs are discussed according to their frequency with which they occur. CI in MIDs includes cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, dilation of the aortic root, pericardial effusion, coronary heart disease, autonomous nervous system dysfunction, congenital heart defects, or sudden cardiac death. The most frequent among the cardiomyopathies is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy, and noncompaction. CONCLUSIONS CI in MID is more variable and prevalent than previously thought. All tissues of the heart may be variably affected. The most frequently affected tissue is the myocardium. MIDs should be included in the differential diagnoses of cardiac disease.
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Burrage LC, Tang S, Wang J, Donti TR, Walkiewicz M, Luchak JM, Chen LC, Schmitt ES, Niu Z, Erana R, Hunter JV, Graham BH, Wong LJ, Scaglia F. Mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia (MLASA) plus associated with a novel de novo mutation (m.8969G>A) in the mitochondrial encoded ATP6 gene. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:207-12. [PMID: 25037980 PMCID: PMC4253070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia (MLASA) is a rare mitochondrial disorder that has previously been associated with mutations in PUS1 and YARS2. In the present report, we describe a 6-year old male with an MLASA plus phenotype. This patient had features of MLASA in the setting of developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss, epilepsy, agenesis of the corpus callosum, failure to thrive, and stroke-like episodes. Sequencing of the mitochondrial genome identified a novel de novo, heteroplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded ATP6 gene (m.8969G>A, p.S148N). Whole exome sequencing did not identify mutations or variants in PUS1 or YARS2 or any known nuclear genes that could affect mitochondrial function and explain this phenotype. Studies of fibroblasts derived from the patient revealed a decrease in oligomycin-sensitive respiration, a finding which is consistent with a complex V defect. Thus, this mutation in MT-ATP6 may represent the first mtDNA point mutation associated with the MLASA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sha Tang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Taraka R Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Magdalena Walkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - J Michael Luchak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Li-Chieh Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Eric S Schmitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Erana
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Sideroblastic anemias (SAs) may be acquired or congenital and share the features of disrupted utilization of iron in the erythroblast, ineffective erythropoiesis, and variable systemic iron overload. Congenital forms can have associated syndromic features or be nonsyndromic, and many of them have mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in heme biosynthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, or mitochondrial protein synthesis. The mechanism(s) for the acquired clonal SA is undefined and is under intense study. Precise diagnosis of these disorders rests on careful clinical and laboratory evaluation, including molecular analysis. Supportive treatments usually provide for a favorable prognosis and often for normal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia S Bottomley
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 755 Research Park, Suite 427, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 124.1, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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The Mitochondrial Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases: Genes and Syndromes. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:787956. [PMID: 24639874 PMCID: PMC3932222 DOI: 10.1155/2014/787956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disorders are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases. This is because protein components of the RC are encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and are essential in all cells. In addition, the biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondria, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, transcription, and translation, require nuclear-encoded genes. In the past decade, a growing number of syndromes associated with dysfunction of mtDNA translation have been reported. This paper reviews the current knowledge of mutations affecting mitochondrial aminoacyl tRNAs synthetases and their role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the different clinical presentations.
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Nakajima J, Eminoglu TF, Vatansever G, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Saitsu H, Kawashima H, Matsumoto N, Miyake N. A novel homozygous YARS2 mutation causes severe myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 2. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:229-32. [PMID: 24430573 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are associated with defects of adenosine triphosphate production and energy supply to organs as a result of dysfunctions of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biallelic mutations in the YARS2 gene encoding mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase cause myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 2 (MLASA2), a type of mitochondrial disease. Here, we report a consanguineous Turkish family with two siblings showing severe metabolic decompensation including recurrent hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and transfusion-dependent anemia. Using whole-exome sequencing of the proband and his parents, we identified a novel YARS2 mutation (c.1303A>G, p.Ser435Gly) that was homozygous in the patient and heterozygous in his parents. This mutation is located at the ribosomal protein S4-like domain of the gene, while other reported YARS2 mutations are all within the catalytic domain. Interestingly, the proband showed more severe symptoms and an earlier onset than previously reported patients, suggesting the functional importance of the S4-like domain in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nakajima
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan [2] Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tuba F Eminoglu
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goksel Vatansever
- Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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