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Alvarenga AB, Oliveira HR, Chen SY, Miller SP, Marchant-Forde JN, Grigoletto L, Brito LF. A Systematic Review of Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes Underlying Behavioral Traits in Farmed Mammals and Their Link with Human Disorders. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030715. [PMID: 33800722 PMCID: PMC7999279 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study is a comprehensive review of genomic regions associated with animal behavior in farmed mammals (beef and dairy cattle, pigs, and sheep) which contributes to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms influencing the target indicator trait and to gene expression studies by suggesting genes likely controlling the trait, and it will be useful in optimizing genomic predictions of breeding values incorporating biological information. Behavioral mechanisms are complex traits, genetically controlled by multiple genes spread across the whole genome. The majority of the genes identified in cattle, pigs, and sheep in association with a plethora of behavioral measurements (e.g., temperament, terrain use, milking speed, tail biting, and sucking reflex) are likely controlling stimuli reception (e.g., olfactory), internal recognition of stimuli (e.g., neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction), and body response to a stimulus (e.g., blood pressure, fatty acidy metabolism, hormone signaling, and inflammatory pathways). Six genes were commonly identified between cattle and pigs. About half of the genes for behavior identified in farmed mammals were also identified in humans for behavioral, mental, and neuronal disorders. Our findings indicate that the majority of the genes identified are likely controlling animal behavioral outcomes because their biological functions as well as potentially differing allele frequencies between two breed groups (subjectively) clustered based on their temperament characteristics. Abstract The main objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of genomic regions associated with various behavioral traits in the main farmed mammals and identify key candidate genes and potential causal mutations by contrasting the frequency of polymorphisms in cattle breeds with divergent behavioral traits (based on a subjective clustering approach). A total of 687 (cattle), 1391 (pigs), and 148 (sheep) genomic regions associated with 37 (cattle), 55 (pigs), and 22 (sheep) behavioral traits were identified in the literature. In total, 383, 317, and 15 genes overlap with genomic regions identified for cattle, pigs, and sheep, respectively. Six common genes (e.g., NR3C2, PITPNM3, RERG, SPNS3, U6, and ZFAT) were found for cattle and pigs. A combined gene-set of 634 human genes was produced through identified homologous genes. A total of 313 out of 634 genes have previously been associated with behavioral, mental, and neurologic disorders (e.g., anxiety and schizophrenia) in humans. Additionally, a total of 491 candidate genes had at least one statistically significant polymorphism (p-value < 0.05). Out of those, 110 genes were defined as having polymorphic regions differing in greater than 50% of exon regions. Therefore, conserved genomic regions controlling behavior were found across farmed mammal species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.B.A.); (H.R.O.); (S.-Y.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Hinayah R. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.B.A.); (H.R.O.); (S.-Y.C.); (L.G.)
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shi-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.B.A.); (H.R.O.); (S.-Y.C.); (L.G.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | | | - Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA–ARS), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Lais Grigoletto
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.B.A.); (H.R.O.); (S.-Y.C.); (L.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 05508, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.B.A.); (H.R.O.); (S.-Y.C.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang T, Lv X, Jiang S, Han S, Wang Y. Expression of ADAM29 and FAM135B in the pathological evolution from normal esophageal epithelium to esophageal cancer: Their differences and clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1727-1734. [PMID: 32194665 PMCID: PMC7039107 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease Domain 29 (ADAM29) and Family with sequence similarity 135 member B (FAM135B) genes have been reported to be associated with a carcinogenic risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, to the best of our knowledge, the expression of ADAM29 and FAM135B in the pathological evolution from normal esophageal epithelial cells to ESCC has not yet been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of ADAM29 and FAM135B in normal esophageal mucosal epithelium, low-grade and high-grade esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, and ESCC. Furthermore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of ADAM29 and FAM135B in the development of esophageal lesions. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to detect the expression levels of ADAM29 and FAM135B proteins in normal esophageal mucosa samples (40 cases), low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia samples (20 cases), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia samples (20 cases) and ESCC samples (40 cases). The results of the present study demonstrated that the positive rates of ADAM29 and FAM135B proteins increased gradually from normal esophageal mucosal epithelium and esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, to ESCC (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of ADAM29 and FAM135B proteins in ESCC were not associated with age and the tumor size (P>0.05); however, the protein levels were associated with the pathological stage, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of ESCC (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant association between the expression levels of ADAM29 protein and FAM135B protein (χ2=60.071; P<0.001). The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression levels of ADAM29 and FAM135B were associated with the tumor behavior characteristics and the progression of esophageal cancer, the expression of which could be used for the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer, and provide the basis for guiding individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA 960th Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA 960th Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Shen Jiang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA 960th Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA 960th Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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Davies W. An Analysis of Cellular Communication Network Factor Proteins as Candidate Mediators of Postpartum Psychosis Risk. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:876. [PMID: 31849729 PMCID: PMC6901936 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum (or puerperal) psychosis (PP) is a severe psychiatric condition associated with hallucinations, delusions, cognitive disorganization, and mood problems, which affects approximately 1-2 out of every 1,000 mothers shortly after childbirth. While the risk factors for, and co-morbidities of, PP are relatively well-defined, currently, the pathophysiology underlying the disorder is very poorly-specified. Here, I argue, on the basis of multiple lines of new evidence, that altered expression of the Cellular Communication Network (CCN) factor proteins (and of the heterodimerizing CCN2 and CCN3 proteins in particular), may be associated with, and possibly causal for, increased PP risk. Future preclinical and clinical studies should aim to test this hypothesis as empirical support for it would provide much-needed clues regarding the biological substrates of PP, and could point to predictive biomarkers for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Davies
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Dazzan P, Fusté M, Davies W. Do Defective Immune System-Mediated Myelination Processes Increase Postpartum Psychosis Risk? Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:942-949. [PMID: 30348609 PMCID: PMC6224363 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum (or puerperal) psychosis (PP) is a rare, severe psychiatric disorder that affects women shortly after childbirth; risk is particularly high in individuals with a history of bipolar disorder or PP, but the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that immune system (dys)function plays an important role in disorder onset. On the basis of new findings from clinical and animal model studies, we hypothesise that the abundance and/or activity of regulatory T cells, and the efficacy of consequent (re)myelination processes in the brain mediated by CCN proteins, is perturbed in PP; this pathway may be modulated by risk and protective/treatment factors for the disorder, and identifying abnormalities within it could signpost novel predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Montserrat Fusté
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - William Davies
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Schools of Medicine and Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Davies W. Understanding the pathophysiology of postpartum psychosis: Challenges and new approaches. World J Psychiatry 2017; 7:77-88. [PMID: 28713685 PMCID: PMC5491479 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v7.i2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum psychosis is a severe psychiatric condition which affects 1-2 of every 1000 mothers shortly after childbirth. Whilst there is convincing evidence that the condition is precipitated by a complex combination of biological and environmental factors, as yet the pathophysiological mechanisms remain extremely poorly defined. Here, I critically review approaches that have been, or are being, employed to identify and characterise such mechanisms; I also review a recent animal model approach, and describe a novel biological risk model that it suggests. Clarification of biological risk mechanisms underlying disorder risk should permit the identification of relevant predictive biomarkers which will ensure that “at risk” subjects receive prompt clinical intervention if required.
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Couto TCE, Brancaglion MYM, Alvim-Soares A, Moreira L, Garcia FD, Nicolato R, Aguiar RALP, Leite HV, Corrêa H. Postpartum depression: A systematic review of the genetics involved. World J Psychiatry 2015; 5:103-111. [PMID: 25815259 PMCID: PMC4369539 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression is one of the most prevalent psychopathologies. Its prevalence is estimated to be between 10% and 15%. Despite its multifactorial etiology, it is known that genetics play an important role in the genesis of this disorder. This paper reviews epidemiological evidence supporting the role of genetics in postpartum depression (PPD). The main objectives of this review are to determine which genes and polymorphisms are associated with PPD and discuss how this association may occur. In addition, this paper explores whether these genes are somehow related to or even the same as those linked to Major Depression (MD). To identify gaps in the current knowledge that require investigation, a systematic review was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, LILACS and SciELO using the index terms “postpartum depression” and “genetics”. Literature searches for articles in peer-reviewed journals were made until April 2014. PPD was indexed 56 times with genetics. The inclusion criteria were articles in Portuguese, Spanish or English that were available by institutional means or sent by authors upon request; this search resulted in 20 papers. Genes and polymorphisms traditionally related to MD, which are those involved in the serotonin, catecholamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tryptophan metabolism, have been the most studied, and some have been related to PPD. The results are conflicting and some depend on epigenetics, which makes the data incipient. Further studies are required to determine the genes that are involved in PPD and establish the nature of the relationship between these genes and PPD.
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