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Chang X, Qu H, Liu Y, Glessner J, Hakonarson H. A Protective Role of Low Polygenic Risk Score in Healthy Individuals Carrying Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Associated Copy Number Variations. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:881-887. [PMID: 37865391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated both rare copy number variations (CNVs) and common variants in liability for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, how common and rare genetic variants jointly contribute to individual liability requires further investigation in larger cohorts. METHODS This study comprises 9385 participants of European descent and 7810 participants of African American ancestry who were recruited from the greater Philadelphia area by the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The polygenic risk score (PRS) of each participant was estimated by linkage disequilibrium pruning and p-value thresholding (P + T) methods using PRSice-2. We investigated whether the risk of ADHD follows a polygenic liability threshold model wherein 1) the risk of ADHD requires less contribution from common variants in the presence of a rare CNV, and 2) control carriers of ADHD-associated CNVs have lower common risk allele burden than noncarriers. RESULTS CNVs previously reported in ADHD cases were significantly associated with ADHD risk in both the European American cohort and the African American cohort. Healthy control participants carrying those same risk CNVs had lower PRSs than those without risk CNVs in the European American cohort. This result was replicated in the African American cohort. However, PRSs were not significantly different in case participants carrying risk CNVs versus those without risk CNVs. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence in support of interactive effects of PRS and ADHD-associated CNVs on disease risk and add novel insights into the genetic basis of ADHD by highlighting a protective role of low PRS in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China; Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Huiqi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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2
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Tóth ÁV, Bartók Á. Reviewing critical TRPM2 variants through a structure-function lens. J Biotechnol 2024; 385:49-57. [PMID: 38442841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel plays a central role in connecting redox state with calcium signaling in living cells. This coupling makes TRPM2 essential for physiological functions such as pancreatic insulin secretion or cytokine production, but also allows it to contribute to pathological processes, including neuronal cell death or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Genetic deletion of the channel, albeit not lethal, alters physiological functions in mice. In humans, population genetic studies and whole-exome sequencing have identified several common and rare genetic variants associated with mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in exonic regions. In this review, we summarize available information on the four best-documented SNVs: one common (rs1556314) and three rare genetic variants (rs139554968, rs35288229, and rs145947009), manifested in amino acid substitutions D543E, R707C, R755C, and P1018L respectively. We discuss existing evidence supporting or refuting the associations between SNVs and disease. Furthermore, we aim to interpret the molecular impacts of these amino acid substitutions based on recently published structures of human TRPM2. Finally, we formulate testable hypotheses and suggest means to investigate them. Studying the function of proteins with rare mutations might provide insight into disease etiology and delineate new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám V Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HCEMM-SE Molecular Channelopathies Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HUN-REN-SE Ion Channel Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bartók
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HCEMM-SE Molecular Channelopathies Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary; HUN-REN-SE Ion Channel Research Group, 37-47 Tűzoltó street, Budapest 1094, Hungary.
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3
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Miller HL, Thomi M, Patterson RM, Nandy K. Effects of Intersectionality Along the Pathway to Diagnosis for Autistic Children With and Without Co-occurring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Nationally-Representative Sample. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3542-3557. [PMID: 35749001 PMCID: PMC9789199 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Children with complex behavioral profiles (e.g., ASD + ADHD) may experience delays in obtaining a final diagnosis. Low-resource or underrepresented groups may be at even greater risk for delayed diagnosis. We assessed the effect of sociodemographic factors, symptom complexity and co-occurring conditions, and identifier of first symptoms on diagnostic trajectories among children aged 3-17 years diagnosed with ASD (n = 52) or ASD + ADHD (n = 352) from a nationally-representative sample. Race/ethnicity and gender disparities were evident in both groups. Race, symptom complexity, and co-occuring conditions predicted age of final diagnosis and wait time between first concern and final diagnosis, both of which were staggeringly high. Results suggest a complex influence of sociodemographic factors on the diagnostic pathway, and risk of health disparities as a function of intersectionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylie L Miller
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 830 N. University Ave., SKB 4120, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Morgan Thomi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Rita M Patterson
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine/Family Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Karabi Nandy
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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4
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Durbagula S, Korlimarla A, Ravikumar G, Valiya Parambath S, Kaku SM, Visweswariah AM. Prenatal epigenetic factors are predisposing for neurodevelopmental disorders—Considering placenta as a model. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1324-1342. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Durbagula
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
| | - Aruna Korlimarla
- St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
- Department of Research Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Center Bangalore India
| | | | - Snijesh Valiya Parambath
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- Department of Molecular Medicine St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
| | - Sowmyashree Mayur Kaku
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders (CARE ADD) St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
| | - Ashok Mysore Visweswariah
- St. John's Medical College Bangalore India
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders (CARE ADD) St. John's Research Institute Bangalore India
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5
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Buitelaar J, Bölte S, Brandeis D, Caye A, Christmann N, Cortese S, Coghill D, Faraone SV, Franke B, Gleitz M, Greven CU, Kooij S, Leffa DT, Rommelse N, Newcorn JH, Polanczyk GV, Rohde LA, Simonoff E, Stein M, Vitiello B, Yazgan Y, Roesler M, Doepfner M, Banaschewski T. Toward Precision Medicine in ADHD. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:900981. [PMID: 35874653 PMCID: PMC9299434 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.900981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition for which curative treatments are lacking. Whilst pharmacological treatments are generally effective and safe, there is considerable inter-individual variability among patients regarding treatment response, required dose, and tolerability. Many of the non-pharmacological treatments, which are preferred to drug-treatment by some patients, either lack efficacy for core symptoms or are associated with small effect sizes. No evidence-based decision tools are currently available to allocate pharmacological or psychosocial treatments based on the patient's clinical, environmental, cognitive, genetic, or biological characteristics. We systematically reviewed potential biomarkers that may help in diagnosing ADHD and/or stratifying ADHD into more homogeneous subgroups and/or predict clinical course, treatment response, and long-term outcome across the lifespan. Most work involved exploratory studies with cognitive, actigraphic and EEG diagnostic markers to predict ADHD, along with relatively few studies exploring markers to subtype ADHD and predict response to treatment. There is a critical need for multisite prospective carefully designed experimentally controlled or observational studies to identify biomarkers that index inter-individual variability and/or predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Caye
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nina Christmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Solent National Health System Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Gleitz
- Medice Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG, Iserlohn, Germany
| | - Corina U Greven
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Yanki Yazgan
- GuzelGunler Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.,Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Roesler
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Neurocenter, Saarland, Germany
| | - Manfred Doepfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Molecular Alterations of the Endocannabinoid System in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094764. [PMID: 35563156 PMCID: PMC9104141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of the current medications for patients with psychiatric disorders contrast with a great variety of adverse effects. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) components have gained high interest as potential new targets for treating psychiatry diseases because of their neuromodulator role, which is essential to understanding the regulation of many brain functions. This article reviewed the molecular alterations in ECS occurring in different psychiatric conditions. The methods used to identify alterations in the ECS were also described. We used a translational approach. The animal models reproducing some behavioral and/or neurochemical aspects of psychiatric disorders and the molecular alterations in clinical studies in post-mortem brain tissue or peripheral tissues were analyzed. This article reviewed the most relevant ECS changes in prevalent psychiatric diseases such as mood disorders, schizophrenia, autism, attentional deficit, eating disorders (ED), and addiction. The review concludes that clinical research studies are urgently needed for two different purposes: (1) To identify alterations of the ECS components potentially useful as new biomarkers relating to a specific disease or condition, and (2) to design new therapeutic targets based on the specific alterations found to improve the pharmacological treatment in psychiatry.
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7
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Kim B, Sasaki A, Murphy K, Matthews SG. DNA methylation signatures in human neonatal blood following maternal antenatal corticosteroid treatment. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:132. [PMID: 35354798 PMCID: PMC8967826 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are used to treat women at risk of preterm birth to improve neonatal survival. Though affected children may be at long-term risk of neurobehavioural disorders, the driving mechanisms remain unknown. Animal studies have shown that ACS exposure can lead to overlapping changes in DNA methylation between the blood and the brain, identifying gene pathways for neurodevelopment, which highlights the potential to examine peripheral blood as a surrogate for inaccessible human brain tissue. We hypothesized that differential methylation will be identified in blood of term-born neonates following ACS. Mother-infant dyads that received ACS were retrospectively identified through the Ontario Birth Study at Sinai Health Complex and matched to untreated controls for maternal age, BMI, parity and foetal sex (n = 14/group). Genome-wide methylation differences were examined at single-nucleotide resolution in DNA extracted from dried bloodspot cards using reduced representative bisulfite sequencing approaches. 505 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) were identified, wherein 231 were hypermethylated and 274 were hypomethylated. These sites were annotated to 219 genes, of which USP48, SH3PXD2A, NTM, CAMK2N2, MAP6D1 were five of the top ten genes with known neurological function. Collectively, the set of hypermethylated genes were enriched for pathways of transcription regulation, while pathways of proteasome activity were enriched among the set of hypomethylated genes. This study is the first to identify DNA methylation changes in human neonatal blood following ACS. Understanding the epigenetic changes that occur in response to ACS will support future investigations to delineate the effects of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure on human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bona Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Aya Sasaki
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.250674.20000 0004 0626 6184Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kellie Murphy
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen G. Matthews
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.250674.20000 0004 0626 6184Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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8
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Shohat S, Amelan A, Shifman S. Convergence and Divergence in the Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders From Pathways to Developmental Stages. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:32-40. [PMID: 32682568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the identification of susceptibility genes for psychiatric disorders has become routine, but understanding the biology underlying these discoveries has proven extremely difficult. The large number of potential risk genes and the genetic overlap between disorders are major obstacles for studying the etiology of these conditions. Systems biology approaches relying on gene ontologies, gene coexpression, and protein-protein interactions are used to identify convergence of the genes in relation to biological processes, cell types, brain areas, and developmental stages. Across psychiatric disorders, there is a clear enrichment for genes expressed in the brain and especially in the cortex, but a higher resolution is vastly dependent on sample size and statistical power. There is indication that susceptibility genes tend to be expressed in the brain during periods preceding the typical onset of the disorders. Thus, the role of genes in prenatal brain development is more pronounced for childhood-onset disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but is much less so for bipolar disorder and depression. One of the most consistent findings across multiple disorders and classes of genetic variants is the role of genes intolerant to mutations in psychiatric disorders, yet this association is more pronounced for disorders with a clear neurodevelopmental component. Notwithstanding, a detailed understanding of the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is still lacking. It is possible that it will only be revealed by studying the risk genes at the level of the development and function of neuronal networks and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Shohat
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alana Amelan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sagiv Shifman
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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9
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Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in European Americans. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:370. [PMID: 33139694 PMCID: PMC7608630 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ADHD, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has not been extensively investigated. To determine whether mtDNA haplogroups influence risk of ADHD, we performed a case-control study comprising 2076 ADHD cases and 5078 healthy controls, all of whom were European decedents recruited from The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Associations between eight major European mtDNA Haplogroups and ADHD risk were assessed in three independent European cohorts. Meta-analysis of the three studies indicated that mtDNA haplogroups K (odds ratio = 0.69, P = 2.24 × 10-4, Pcorrected = 1.79 × 10-3) and U (odds ratio = 0.77, P = 8.88 × 10-4, Pcorrected = 7.11 × 10-3) were significantly associated with reduced risk of ADHD. In contrast, haplogroup HHV* (odds ratio = 1.18, P = 2.32 × 10-3, Pcorrected = 0.019) was significantly associated with increased risk of ADHD. Our results provide novel insight into the genetic basis of ADHD, implicating mitochondrial mechanisms in the pathophysiology of this relatively common psychiatric disorder.
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10
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Jiang S, Zhou D, Wang YY, Jia P, Wan C, Li X, He G, Cao D, Jiang X, Kendler KS, Tsuang M, Mize T, Wu JS, Lu Y, He L, Chen J, Zhao Z, Chen X. Identification of de novo mutations in prenatal neurodevelopment-associated genes in schizophrenia in two Han Chinese patient-sibling family-based cohorts. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:307. [PMID: 32873781 PMCID: PMC7463022 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. High heritability of SCZ suggests a major role for transmitted genetic variants. Furthermore, SCZ is also associated with a marked reduction in fecundity, leading to the hypothesis that alleles with large effects on risk might often occur de novo. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing for 23 families from two cohorts with unaffected siblings and parents. Two nonsense de novo mutations (DNMs) in GJC1 and HIST1H2AD were identified in SCZ patients. Ten genes (DPYSL2, NBPF1, SDK1, ZNF595, ZNF718, GCNT2, SNX9, AACS, KCNQ1, and MSI2) were found to carry more DNMs in SCZ patients than their unaffected siblings by burden test. Expression analyses indicated that these DNM implicated genes showed significantly higher expression in prefrontal cortex in prenatal stage. The DNM in the GJC1 gene is highly likely a loss function mutation (pLI = 0.94), leading to the dysregulation of ion channel in the glutamatergic excitatory neurons. Analysis of rare variants in independent exome sequencing dataset indicates that GJC1 has significantly more rare variants in SCZ patients than in unaffected controls. Data from genome-wide association studies suggested that common variants in the GJC1 gene may be associated with SCZ and SCZ-related traits. Genes co-expressed with GJC1 are involved in SCZ, SCZ-associated pathways, and drug targets. These evidences suggest that GJC1 may be a risk gene for SCZ and its function may be involved in prenatal and early neurodevelopment, a vulnerable period for developmental disorders such as SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Ying Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Travis Mize
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jain-Shing Wu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Yimei Lu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Harich B, van der Voet M, Klein M, Čížek P, Fenckova M, Schenck A, Franke B. From Rare Copy Number Variants to Biological Processes in ADHD. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:855-866. [PMID: 32600152 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19090923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. The objective of this study was to define ADHD-associated candidate genes and their associated molecular modules and biological themes, based on the analysis of rare genetic variants. METHODS The authors combined data from 11 published copy number variation studies in 6,176 individuals with ADHD and 25,026 control subjects and prioritized genes by applying an integrative strategy based on criteria including recurrence in individuals with ADHD, absence in control subjects, complete coverage in copy number gains, and presence in the minimal region common to overlapping copy number variants (CNVs), as well as on protein-protein interactions and information from cross-species genotype-phenotype annotation. RESULTS The authors localized 2,241 eligible genes in the 1,532 reported CNVs, of which they classified 432 as high-priority ADHD candidate genes. The high-priority ADHD candidate genes were significantly coexpressed in the brain. A network of 66 genes was supported by ADHD-relevant phenotypes in the cross-species database. Four significantly interconnected protein modules were found among the high-priority ADHD genes. A total of 26 genes were observed across all applied bioinformatic methods. Lookup in the latest genome-wide association study for ADHD showed that among those 26 genes, POLR3C and RBFOX1 were also supported by common genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS Integration of a stringent filtering procedure in CNV studies with suitable bioinformatics approaches can identify ADHD candidate genes at increased levels of credibility. The authors' analytic pipeline provides additional insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying ADHD and allows prioritization of genes for functional validation in validated model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human Genetics (Harich, van der Voet, Klein, Fenckova, Schenck, Franke) and Department of Psychiatry (Franke), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Čížek)
| | - Monique van der Voet
- Department of Human Genetics (Harich, van der Voet, Klein, Fenckova, Schenck, Franke) and Department of Psychiatry (Franke), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Čížek)
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics (Harich, van der Voet, Klein, Fenckova, Schenck, Franke) and Department of Psychiatry (Franke), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Čížek)
| | - Pavel Čížek
- Department of Human Genetics (Harich, van der Voet, Klein, Fenckova, Schenck, Franke) and Department of Psychiatry (Franke), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Čížek)
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Department of Human Genetics (Harich, van der Voet, Klein, Fenckova, Schenck, Franke) and Department of Psychiatry (Franke), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Čížek)
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics (Harich, van der Voet, Klein, Fenckova, Schenck, Franke) and Department of Psychiatry (Franke), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Čížek)
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics (Harich, van der Voet, Klein, Fenckova, Schenck, Franke) and Department of Psychiatry (Franke), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Čížek)
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12
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Al-Mubarak BR, Omar A, Baz B, Al-Abdulaziz B, Magrashi AI, Al-Yemni E, Jabaan A, Monies D, Abouelhoda M, Abebe D, Ghaziuddin M, Al-Tassan NA. Whole exome sequencing in ADHD trios from single and multi-incident families implicates new candidate genes and highlights polygenic transmission. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1098-1110. [PMID: 32238911 PMCID: PMC7382449 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of genetic alterations occurring at numerous loci have been described in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the role of rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) remains under investigated. Here, we sought to identify rare SNVs with predicted deleterious effect that may contribute to ADHD risk. We chose to study ADHD families (including multi-incident) from a population with a high rate of consanguinity in which genetic risk factors tend to accumulate and therefore increasing the chance of detecting risk alleles. We employed whole exome sequencing (WES) to interrogate the entire coding region of 16 trios with ADHD. We also performed enrichment analysis on our final list of genes to identify the overrepresented biological processes. A total of 32 rare variants with predicted damaging effect were identified in 31 genes. At least two variants were detected per proband, most of which were not exclusive to the affected individuals. In addition, the majority of our candidate genes have not been previously described in ADHD including five genes (NEK4, NLE1, PSRC1, PTP4A3, and TMEM183A) that were not previously described in any human condition. Moreover, enrichment analysis highlighted brain-relevant biological themes such as "Glutamatergic synapse", "Cytoskeleton organization", and "Ca2+ pathway". In conclusion, our findings are in keeping with prior studies demonstrating the highly challenging genetic architecture of ADHD involving low penetrance, variable expressivity and locus heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer R Al-Mubarak
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aisha Omar
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul Baz
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Al-Abdulaziz
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- National center for genomics technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna I Magrashi
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al-Yemni
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Jabaan
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dejene Abebe
- Psychiatry Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Behavioral Genetics unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Barakat AK, Scholl C, Steffens M, Brandenburg K, Ising M, Lucae S, Holsboer F, Laje G, Kalayda GV, Jaehde U, Stingl JC. Citalopram-induced pathways regulation and tentative treatment-outcome-predicting biomarkers in lymphoblastoid cell lines from depression patients. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:210. [PMID: 32612257 PMCID: PMC7329820 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant therapy is still associated with delays in symptomatic improvement and low response rates. Incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects hampered the identification of objective biomarkers for antidepressant response. In this work, we studied transcriptome-wide expression followed by pathway analysis in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 17 patients documented for response to SSRI antidepressants from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signatures (MARS) study upon short-term incubation (24 and 48 h) with citalopram. Candidate transcripts were further validated with qPCR in MARS LCLs from responders (n = 33) vs. non-responders (n = 36) and afterward in an independent cohort of treatment-resistant patients (n = 20) vs. first-line responders (n = 24) from the STAR*D study. In MARS cohort we observed significant associations of GAD1 (glutamate decarboxylase 1; p = 0.045), TBC1D9 (TBC1 Domain Family Member 9; p = 0.014-0.021) and NFIB (nuclear factor I B; p = 0.015-0.025) expression with response status, remission status and improvement in depression scale, respectively. Pathway analysis of citalopram-altered gene expression indicated response-status-dependent transcriptional reactions. Whereas in clinical responders neural function pathways were primarily up- or downregulated after incubation with citalopram, deregulated pathways in non-responders LCLs mainly involved cell adhesion and immune response. Results from the STAR*D study showed a marginal association of treatment-resistant depression with NFIB (p = 0.068) but not with GAD1 (p = 0.23) and TBC1D9 (p = 0.27). Our results propose the existence of distinct pathway regulation mechanisms in responders vs. non-responders and suggest GAD1, TBC1D9, and NFIB as tentative predictors for clinical response, full remission, and improvement in depression scale, respectively, with only a weak overlap in predictors of different therapy outcome phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Karim Barakat
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Catharina Scholl
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Steffens
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brandenburg
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Lucae
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Laje
- Washington Behavioral Medicine Associates LLC, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Ganna V. Kalayda
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jaehde
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Carolin Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Strickland SL, Reddy JS, Allen M, N'songo A, Burgess JD, Corda MM, Ballard T, Wang X, Carrasquillo MM, Biernacka JM, Jenkins GD, Mukherjee S, Boehme K, Crane P, Kauwe JS, Ertekin‐Taner N. MAPT haplotype-stratified GWAS reveals differential association for AD risk variants. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:983-1002. [PMID: 32400971 PMCID: PMC7983911 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MAPT H1 haplotype is implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Using Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) genome-wide association study (GWAS) data (n = 18,841), we conducted a MAPT H1/H2 haplotype-stratified association to discover MAPT haplotype-specific AD risk loci. RESULTS We identified 11 loci-5 in H2-non-carriers and 6 in H2-carriers-although none of the MAPT haplotype-specific associations achieved genome-wide significance. The most significant H2 non-carrier-specific association was with a NECTIN2 intronic (P = 1.33E-07) variant, and that for H2 carriers was near NKX6-1 (P = 1.99E-06). The GABRG2 locus had the strongest epistasis with MAPT H1/H2 variant rs8070723 (P = 3.91E-06). Eight of the 12 genes at these loci had transcriptome-wide significant differential expression in AD versus control temporal cortex (q < 0.05). Six genes were members of the brain transcriptional co-expression network implicated in "synaptic transmission" (P = 9.85E-59), which is also enriched for neuronal genes (P = 1.0E-164), including MAPT. DISCUSSION This stratified GWAS identified loci that may confer AD risk in a MAPT haplotype-specific manner. This approach may preferentially enrich for neuronal genes implicated in synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph S. Reddy
- Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Travis Ballard
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Crane
- University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin‐Taner
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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15
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Harich B, Klein M, Ockeloen CW, van der Voet M, Schimmel‐Naber M, de Leeuw N, Schenck A, Franke B. From man to fly - convergent evidence links FBXO25 to ADHD and comorbid psychiatric phenotypes. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:545-555. [PMID: 31849056 PMCID: PMC7217029 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), have a complex etiology, and identification of underlying genetic risk factors is challenging. This study used a multistep approach to identify and validate a novel risk gene for ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS In a single family, severely affected by ADHD and cooccurring disorders, we applied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array analysis to detect copy-number variations (CNVs) linked to disease. Genes present in the identified CNV were subsequently tested for their association with ADHD in the largest data set currently available (n = 55,374); this gene-set and gene-based association analyses were based on common genetic variants. Significant findings were taken forward for functional validation using Drosophila melanogaster as biological model system, altering gene expression using the GAL4-UAS system and a pan-neuronal driver, and subsequently characterizing locomotor activity and sleep as functional readouts. RESULTS We identified a copy number gain in 8p23.3, which segregated with psychiatric phenotypes in the family and was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Common genetic variants in this locus were associated with ADHD, especially those in FBXO25 and TDRP. Overexpression of the FBXO25 orthologue in two Drosophila models consistently led to increased locomotor activity and reduced sleep compared with the genetic background control. CONCLUSIONS We combine ADHD risk gene identification in an individual family with genetic association testing in a large case-control data set and functional validation in a model system, together providing an important illustration of an integrative approach suggesting that FBXO25 contributes to key features of ADHD and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W. Ockeloen
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Monique van der Voet
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marlies Schimmel‐Naber
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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16
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Mahmuda NA, Yokoyama S, Munesue T, Hayashi K, Yagi K, Tsuji C, Higashida H. One Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the TRPM2 Channel Gene Identified as a Risk Factor in Bipolar Disorder Associates with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Japanese Population. Diseases 2020; 8:diseases8010004. [PMID: 32046066 PMCID: PMC7151227 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a non-specific cation channel, resulting in Ca2+ influx at warm temperatures from 34 °C to 47 °C, thus including the body temperature range in mammals. TRPM2 channels are activated by β-NAD+, ADP-ribose (ADPR), cyclic ADPR, and 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-diphosphoribose. It has been shown that TRPM2 cation channels and CD38, a type II or type III transmembrane protein with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, simultaneously play a role in heat-sensitive and NAD+ metabolite-dependent intracellular free Ca2+ concentration increases in hypothalamic oxytocinergic neurons. Subsequently, oxytocin (OT) is released to the brain. Impairment of OT release may induce social amnesia, one of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The risk of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and variants of TRPM2 have been reported in bipolar disorder, but not in ASD. Therefore, it is reasonable to examine whether SNPs or haplotypes in TRPM2 are associated with ASD. Here, we report a case-control study with 147 ASD patients and 150 unselected volunteers at Kanazawa University Hospital in Japan. The sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method together with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was applied. Of 14 SNPs examined, one SNP (rs933151) displayed a significant p-value (OR = 0.1798, 95% CI = 0.039, 0.83; Fisher’s exact test; p = 0.0196). The present research data suggest that rs93315, identified as a risk factor for bipolar disorder, is a possible association factor for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Al Mahmuda
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
- Faculty of Business Administration, Eastern University, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Toshio Munesue
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (K.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (K.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory for Social Brain Studies, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasentsky, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Qi X, Wang S, Zhang L, Liu L, Wen Y, Ma M, Cheng S, Li P, Cheng B, Du Y, Liang X, Zhao Y, Ding M, Zhang F. An integrative analysis of transcriptome-wide association study and mRNA expression profile identified candidate genes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112639. [PMID: 31685286 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, but the genetic mechanism of ADHD remains elusive now. METHODS Tissue specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of ADHD was performed by FUSION utilizing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of ADHD (including 20,183 ADHD cases and 35,191 healthy controls) and gene expression reference from brain and blood. Furthermore, the genes identified by TWAS were compared with the differently expressed genes detected by mRNA expression profiles of ADHD rat model and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) patients. Functional enrichment and annotation analysis of the identified genes were performed by DAVID and FUMAGWAS tool. RESULTS For brain tissue, TWAS identified 148 genes with P value < 0.05, such as TDO2 (PTWAS=4.01×10-2), CHD1L (PTWAS=9.64×10-3) and KIAA0319L (PTWAS=4.05×10-4). Further 11 common genes were examined in the mRNA expression datasets, such as ACSM5 (PTWAS=3.62×10-2, PmRNA=0.005), CCDC24 (PTWAS=1.49×10-2, PmRNA=2.35×10-3) and MVP (PTWAS=5.55×10-3, PmRNA=5.40×10-3). Pathway enrichment analysis of the genes identified by TWAS detected 3 pathways for ADHD, including Other glycan degradation (P value=0.021), Viral myocarditis (P value=0.034) and Endocytosis (P value=0.041). CONCLUSIONS Through integrating GWAS and mRNA expression data, we identified a group of ADHD-associated genes and pathways, providing novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Mei Ma
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Du
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Miao Ding
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
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Capkova Z, Capkova P, Srovnal J, Staffova K, Becvarova V, Trkova M, Adamova K, Santava A, Curtisova V, Hajduch M, Prochazka M. Differences in the importance of microcephaly, dysmorphism, and epilepsy in the detection of pathogenic CNVs in ID and ASD patients. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7979. [PMID: 31741789 PMCID: PMC6859875 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID) are heterogeneous and complex developmental diseases with significant genetic backgrounds and overlaps of genetic susceptibility loci. Copy number variants (CNVs) are known to be frequent causes of these impairments. However, the clinical heterogeneity of both disorders causes the diagnostic efficacy of CNV analysis to be modest. This could be resolved by stratifying patients according to their clinical features. Aim First, we sought to assess the significance of particular clinical features for the detection of pathogenic CNVs in separate groups of ID and ASD patients and determine whether and how these groups differ from each other in the significance of these variables. Second, we aimed to create a statistical model showing how particular clinical features affect the probability of pathogenic CNV findings. Method We tested a cohort of 204 patients with ID (N = 90) and ASD (N = 114) for the presence of pathogenic CNVs. We stratified both groups according to their clinical features. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the significance of these variables for pathogenic CNV findings. Logistic regression was used to create a statistical model of pathogenic CNV findings. Results The frequency of pathogenic CNV was significantly higher in the ID group than in the ASD group: 18 (19.78%) versus 8 (7%) (p < 0.004). Microcephaly showed a significant association with pathogenic findings in ID patients (p < 0.01) according to Fisher’s exact test, whereas epilepsy showed a significant association with pathogenic findings in ASD patients (p < 0.01). The probability of pathogenic CNV findings when epilepsy occurred in ASD patients was more than two times higher than if epilepsy co-occurred with ID (29.6%/14.0%). Facial dysmorphism was a significant variable for detecting pathogenic CNVs in both groups (ID p = 0.05, ASD p = 0.01). However, dysmorphism increased the probability of pathogenic CNV detection in the ID group nearly twofold compared to the ASD group (44.4%/23.7%). The presence of macrocephaly in the ASD group showed a 25% probability of pathogenic CNV findings by logistic regression, but this was insignificant according to Fisher’s exact test. The probability of detecting pathogenic CNVs decreases up to 1% in the absence of dysmorphism, macrocephaly, and epilepsy in the ASD group. Conclusion Dysmorphism, microcephaly, and epilepsy increase the probability of pathogenic CNV findings in ID and ASD patients. The significance of each feature as a predictor for pathogenic CNV detection differs depending on whether the patient has only ASD or ID. The probability of pathogenic CNV findings without dysmorphism, macrocephaly, or epilepsy in ASD patients is low. Therefore the efficacy of CNV analysis is limited in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Staffova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Katerina Adamova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Santava
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclava Curtisova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prochazka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics/Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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19
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Large-Scale Population-Based Assessment of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:e25-e27. [PMID: 31558223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Wang W, Corominas R, Lin GN. De novo Mutations From Whole Exome Sequencing in Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders: From Discovery to Application. Front Genet 2019; 10:258. [PMID: 31001316 PMCID: PMC6456656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders are a highly disabling and heterogeneous group of developmental and mental disorders, resulting from complex interactions of genetic and environmental risk factors. The nature of multifactorial traits and the presence of comorbidity and polygenicity in these disorders present challenges in both disease risk identification and clinical diagnoses. The genetic component has been firmly established, but the identification of all the causative variants remains elusive. The development of next-generation sequencing, especially whole exome sequencing (WES), has greatly enriched our knowledge of the precise genetic alterations of human diseases, including brain-related disorders. In particular, the extensive usage of WES in research studies has uncovered the important contribution of de novo mutations (DNMs) to these disorders. Trio and quad familial WES are a particularly useful approach to discover DNMs. Here, we review the major WES studies in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and summarize how genes hit by discovered DNMs are shared among different disorders. Next, we discuss different integrative approaches utilized to interrogate DNMs and to identify biological pathways that may disrupt brain development and shed light on our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying these disorders. Lastly, we discuss the current state of the transition from WES research to its routine clinical application. This review will assist researchers and clinicians in the interpretation of variants obtained from WES studies, and highlights the need to develop consensus analytical protocols and validated lists of genes appropriate for clinical laboratory analysis, in order to reach the growing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roser Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Faraone SV, Larsson H. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:562-575. [PMID: 29892054 PMCID: PMC6477889 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research show that genes play an vital role in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidity with other disorders. Family, twin, and adoption studies show that ADHD runs in families. ADHD's high heritability of 74% motivated the search for ADHD susceptibility genes. Genetic linkage studies show that the effects of DNA risk variants on ADHD must, individually, be very small. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated several genetic loci at the genome-wide level of statistical significance. These studies also show that about a third of ADHD's heritability is due to a polygenic component comprising many common variants each having small effects. From studies of copy number variants we have also learned that the rare insertions or deletions account for part of ADHD's heritability. These findings have implicated new biological pathways that may eventually have implications for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Miller M, Musser ED, Young GS, Olson B, Steiner RD, Nigg JT. Sibling Recurrence Risk and Cross-aggregation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:147-152. [PMID: 30535156 PMCID: PMC6439602 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are believed to partially share genetic factors and biological influences. As the number of children with these diagnoses rises, so does the number of younger siblings at presumed risk for ADHD and ASD; reliable recurrence risk estimates within and across diagnoses may aid screening and early detection efforts and enhance understanding of potential shared causes. Objective To examine within-diagnosis sibling recurrence risk and sibling cross-aggregation of ADHD and ASD among later-born siblings of children with either disorder. Design, Setting, and Participants Using data extracted from medical records of 2 large health care systems in the United States, estimates of recurrence risk and cross-aggregation in later-born siblings of children with ADHD or ASD were compared with later-born siblings of children without these diagnoses. One data set included children seen between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2013; the other included children born between January 1, 1998, and May 17, 2010. Participants included 15 175 later-born siblings of children with ADHD, ASD, and no known diagnosis. The study was conducted from October 2, 2017, to August 14, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Diagnoses of ASD or ADHD in the later-born sibling, ascertained from medical records, were the primary outcomes of interest; moderators included sex, gestational age, and maternal age. Results A total of 15 175 later-born siblings were classified by familial risk status based on the older child's diagnostic status: ADHD risk (n = 730; male [51.92%]), ASD risk (n = 158; male [48.10%]), and no known risk (n = 14 287; male [50.73%]). Compared with later-born siblings of children without ADHD or ASD, later-born siblings of children with ASD were more likely to be diagnosed with ASD (odds ratio [OR], 30.38; 95% CI, 17.73-52.06) or ADHD in the absence of ASD (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.67-8.21). Compared with later-born siblings of children without a diagnosis, later-born siblings of children with ADHD were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD (OR, 13.05; 95% CI, 9.86-17.27) or ASD in the absence of ADHD (OR, 4.35; 95% CI, 2.43-7.79). Conclusions and Relevance Later-born siblings of children with ASD or ADHD appear to be at elevated risk for the same disorder, but also of being diagnosed with the other disorder. These findings provide further support for shared familial mechanisms underlying ASD and ADHD, which may be useful for genetic and prospective developmental studies. Later-born siblings of children with ADHD or ASD should be monitored for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Miller
- MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and University of California, Davis, Sacramento
| | - Erica D Musser
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Gregory S Young
- MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and University of California, Davis, Sacramento
| | - Brent Olson
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Robert D Steiner
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Marshfield
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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23
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Lin Y, Gao Z, Zhan X, Huang Y, Sun C, Wang D, Liang S, Wu L. Integrated Analysis of Brain Transcriptome Reveals Convergent Molecular Pathways in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:706. [PMID: 31649562 PMCID: PMC6795181 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of complex neurodevelopmental disorders with etiology that remains elusive. Although there is a mounting body of investigation in different brain regions related to ASD, our knowledge about the common and distinct perturb condition between them is at the threshold of accumulation. In this study, based on protein-protein interactions, post-mortem transcriptome analysis was performed with corpus callosum (CC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from ASD individuals and controls. Co-expression network analysis revealed that a total of seven (four for CC set, three for PFC set) core dysfunctional modules strongly enriched for known ASD-risk genes. Three quarters of them in CC set (M4, M6, M29) significantly enriched for genes annotated by genetically associated variants in our previous whole genome sequencing data. We further determined transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation subnetwork for each ASD-correlated module, including 47 pivot transcription factors, 130 pivot miRNAs, and 7 pivot lncRNAs. Moreover, there were significantly more interactions between CC-M4, -M6, and PFC-M2, mainly involved in synaptic functions and neuronal development. Our integrated multifactor analysis of ASD brain transcriptome profile illustrated underlying common and distinct molecular mechanisms and the module crosstalk between CC and PFC, helping to shed light on the molecular neuropathological underlying ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuncong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunqing Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaomin Gao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Heilongjiang, China
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24
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Franke B, Michelini G, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bilbow A, Buitelaar JK, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Ginsberg Y, Haavik J, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Lesch KP, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Réthelyi JM, Ribases M, Reif A. Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1059-1088. [PMID: 30195575 PMCID: PMC6379245 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that in a substantial number of cases the disorder does not remit in puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both in childhood and adulthood, ADHD is characterised by substantial comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, and accidents. However, course and symptoms of the disorder and the comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time, and even age of onset in childhood has recently been questioned. Available evidence to date is poor and largely inconsistent with regard to the predictors of persistence versus remittance. Likewise, the development of comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for a lifespan perspective on ADHD from childhood to old age. In this selective review, we summarise current knowledge of the long-term course of ADHD, with an emphasis on clinical symptom and cognitive trajectories, treatment effects over the lifespan, and the development of comorbidities. Also, we summarise current knowledge and important unresolved issues on biological factors underlying different ADHD trajectories. We conclude that a severe lack of knowledge on lifespan aspects in ADHD still exists for nearly every aspect reviewed. We encourage large-scale research efforts to overcome those knowledge gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Bilbow
- Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service (ADDISS), Edgware, UK; ADHD-Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP-B Molecular Psychiatry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Ribases
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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25
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Grimm O, Kittel-Schneider S, Reif A. Recent developments in the genetics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:654-672. [PMID: 29722101 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental psychiatric disorder that affects children and adults. ADHD is one of the psychiatric disorders with the strongest genetic basis according to familial, twin, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based epidemiological studies. In this review, we provide an update of recent insights into the genetic basis of ADHD. We discuss recent progress from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) looking at common variants as well as rare copy number variations. New analysis of gene groups, so-called functional ontologies, provide some insight into the gene networks afflicted, pointing to the role of neurodevelopmentally expressed gene networks. Bioinformatic methods, such as functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein network analysis, are used to highlight biological processes of likely relevance to the etiology of ADHD. Additionally, copy number variations seem to map on important pathways implicated in synaptic signaling and neurodevelopment. While some candidate gene associations of, for example, neurotransmitter receptors and signaling, have been replicated, they do not seem to explain significant variance in recent GWAS. We discuss insights from recent case-control SNP-GWAS that have presented the first whole-genome significant SNP in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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26
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Benítez-Burraco A, Barcos-Martínez M, Espejo-Portero I, Fernández-Urquiza M, Torres-Ruiz R, Rodríguez-Perales S, Jiménez-Romero MS. Narrowing the Genetic Causes of Language Dysfunction in the 1q21.1 Microduplication Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:163. [PMID: 29922639 PMCID: PMC5996825 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosome 1q21.1 duplication syndrome (OMIM# 612475) is characterized by head anomalies, mild facial dysmorphisms, and cognitive problems, including autistic features, mental retardation, developmental delay, and learning disabilities. Speech and language development are sometimes impaired, but no detailed characterization of language problems in this condition has been provided to date. We report in detail on the cognitive and language phenotype of a child who presents with a duplication in 1q21.1 (arr[hg19] 1q21.1q21.2(145,764,455-147,824,207) × 3), and who exhibits cognitive delay and behavioral disturbances. Language is significantly perturbed, being the expressive domain the most impaired area (with significant dysphemic features in absence of pure motor speech deficits), although language comprehension and use (pragmatics) are also affected. Among the genes found duplicated in the child, CDH1L is upregulated in the blood of the proband. ROBO1, a candidate for dyslexia, is also highly upregulated, whereas, TLE3, a target of FOXP2, is significantly downregulated. These changes might explain language, and particularly speech dysfunction in the proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Montserrat Barcos-Martínez
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital "Reina Sofía", Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Espejo-Portero
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital "Reina Sofía", Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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