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Najafzadeh A, Hernaiz-García M, Benazzi S, Chen B, Hublin JJ, Kullmer O, Pokhojaev A, Sarig R, Sorrentino R, Vazzana A, Fiorenza L. Finite element analysis of Neanderthal and early Homo sapiens maxillary central incisor. J Hum Evol 2024; 189:103512. [PMID: 38461589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Neanderthal anterior teeth are very large and have a distinctive morphology characterized by robust 'shovel-shaped' crowns. These features are frequently seen as adaptive responses in dissipating heavy mechanical loads resulting from masticatory and non-masticatory activities. Although the long-standing debate surrounding this hypothesis has played a central role in paleoanthropology, is still unclear if Neanderthal anterior teeth can resist high mechanical loads or not. A novel way to answer this question is to use a multidisciplinary approach that considers together tooth architecture, dental wear and jaw movements. The aim of this study is to functionally reposition the teeth of Le Moustier 1 (a Neanderthal adolescent) and Qafzeh 9 (an early Homo sapiens adolescent) derived from wear facet mapping, occlusal fingerprint analysis and physical dental restoration methods. The restored dental arches are then used to perform finite element analysis on the left central maxillary incisor during edge-to-edge occlusion. The results show stress distribution differences between Le Moustier 1 and Qafzeh 9, with the former displaying higher tensile stress in enamel around the lingual fossa but lower concentration of stress in the lingual aspect of the root surface. These results seem to suggest that the presence of labial convexity, lingual tubercle and of a large root surface in Le Moustier 1 incisor helps in dissipating mechanical stress. The absence of these dental features in Qafzeh 9 is compensated by the presence of a thicker enamel, which helps in reducing the stress in the tooth crown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Najafzadeh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - María Hernaiz-García
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Bernard Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241-U1050), Collège de France, 11, Place Marcelin-Berthelot, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ottmar Kullmer
- Division of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt a. M, 60325, Germany; Department of Palaeobiology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt a. M, 60438, Germany
| | - Ariel Pokhojaev
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorenza
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Wang J, Li FL, Yang HX, Li LM. Correlation between different points on the face and the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27642. [PMID: 38509998 PMCID: PMC10951598 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Statement of problem There is currently no consensus on the relationship between maxillary anterior teeth and different facial anthropometric measurements. Additionally, whether these relationships vary by age and sex remains unreported. Purpose This clinical study aimed to investigate the relationship between the intercanine distance (ICaD) and intercanthal distance (ICD), interpupillary distance (IPD), interalar width (IAW), and intercommissural width (ICW), and to compare whether these relationships differ between different age and sex populations. Material and methods Participants (n = 409) were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria, and their standardized digital images were taken to measure facial and oral segments through an image processing program. The differences between ICaD and four facial measurements and the sexual differences for all measurements were compared using the 1-sample t-test. The differences among different age groups for all measurements were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and a least significant difference (LSD) test was used for multiple comparisons. The association between ICaD and the four facial measurements was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation between ICaD and four facial measurements was evaluated using linear regression. Differences in regression equations among the subgroups were evaluated through subgroup regression analysis and the significance test of the difference between the two regression coefficients. Tests of significance were two-sided, with alpha level of 0.05. The reliability of the results was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. Results The ICD, IPD, ICW, and IAW significantly differed from the ICaD in both sexes (P < 0.01). All measurements were significantly greater in men than in women (P < 0.01). The differences among the age groups were statistically significant for all measurements except IPD (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between all facial measurements (r = 0.258 [ICD], r = 0.334 [IPD], r = 0.389 [ICW], and r = 0.393 [IAW]) and the ICaD in both sexes. The highest correlation was found between ICW(r = 0.345) and ICAD in men and IAW (r = 0.285) and ICAD in women. Except for the 20-29 and 50-59 age groups, the mathematical equations of ICaD and facial anthropometric measurements differed among the other age groups and sexes. Conclusions ICD, IPD, ICW, and IAW cannot be directly used to determine ICaD in both sexes. Nevertheless, when observed from the frontal aspect, by the use of digital images, all facial measurements correlated to the intercanine distance, with a high probability. The mathematical formulae combined with facial anthropological measurements can help ensure the combined width of the six maxillary anterior teeth, but the effects of sex and age differences should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Feng-Lan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Li-Mei Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
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Towle I, Salem AS, Veneziano A, Loch C. Variation in enamel and dentine mineral concentration and density in primate molars. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 153:105752. [PMID: 37385050 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variation in enamel and dentine mineral concentration and total effective density can be reliably collected using Micro-CT scans. Both variables are suggested to reflect mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus in dental tissues, meaning Micro-CT methods allow relative composition and mechanical properties to be collected non-destructively. DESIGN 16 lower molars from 16 Catarrhine primates were Micro-CT scanned alongside hydroxyapatite phantoms using standardized settings and methods to calculate mineral concentration and total effective density. Mineral concentration, total effective density and thickness of dentine and enamel were calculated for four cusps, representing each 'corner' of the tooth and four lateral crown positions (i.e., mesial, buccal, lingual and distal). RESULTS The results show mean mineral concentration and total effective density values were higher in areas of thicker enamel, while the opposite was observed for dentine. Buccal positions had significantly higher mineral concentration and total effective density values than lingual areas. Cuspal positions had higher mean values than lateral enamel, for both dentine (mineral concentration cuspal: 1.26 g/cm3; lateral: 1.20 g/cm3) and enamel (mineral concentration cuspal: 2.31 g/cm3; lateral: 2.25 g/cm3). Mesial enamel had significantly lower values than other locations. CONCLUSIONS These common patterns across Catarrhine taxa may be linked to functional adaptations related to optimization of mastication and tooth protection. Variation in mineral concentration and total effective density may also be associated with wear and fracture patterns, and can be used as baseline information to investigate the effect of diet, pathological changes and aging on teeth through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Towle
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Amira Samir Salem
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alessio Veneziano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Evidence of habitual behavior from non-alimentary dental wear on deciduous teeth from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic Cantabrian region, Northern Spain. J Hum Evol 2021; 158:103047. [PMID: 34403991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of 'teeth as tools' (non-masticatory or cultural-related dental wear) has largely been employed as a proxy for studying of past human behavior, mainly in permanent dentition from adult individuals. Here we present the analysis of the non-masticatory dental wear modifications on the deciduous dentition assigned to eight Neanderthal and anatomically modern human subadult individuals from Mousterian to Magdalenian technocultural contexts in the Cantabrian region (Northern Spain). Although preliminary, we tentatively suggest that these eight subadults present activity-related dental wear, including cultural striations, chipped enamel, toothpick grooves, and subvertical grooves. We also found evidence of habitual dental hygienic practices in the form of toothpicking on a deciduous premolar. Orientation of the cultural striations indicates similar handedness development as in modern children. Taken together, these dental wear patterns support the participation of young individuals in group activities, making them potential contributors to group welfare. This study potentially adds new evidence to the importance of the use of the mouth in paramasticatory activities or as a third hand throughout the Pleistocene, which can be confirmed with a more specific reference sample.
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Liang C, Nien C, Chen Y, Hsu K. The prevalence and associated factors of proximal contact loss between implant restoration and adjacent tooth after function: A retrospective study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2020; 22:351-358. [PMID: 32419242 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Hua Liang
- Department of Prosthodontics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chung‐Yi Nien
- Department of Life Sciences National Central University Taoyuan City, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Ling Chen
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kuang‐Wei Hsu
- Department of Prosthodontics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City, Taiwan Republic of China
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Varthis S, Tarnow DP, Randi A. Interproximal Open Contacts Between Implant Restorations and Adjacent Teeth. Prevalence - Causes - Possible Solutions. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e806-e810. [PMID: 30350332 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the prevalence and contributing factors of interproximal contact loss (ICL) between implant restorations and adjacent teeth, and to provide recommendations for possible prevention and treatment of this complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors explored the dental literature on PubMed on ICL between implants and adjacent teeth, interproximal contacts, open contacts, teeth migration causes, facial bone formation, and facial bone changes. RESULTS ICL between fixed implant prostheses and adjacent teeth has been reported. A literature search revealed 7 studies showing a high prevalence of ICL between implant prostheses and adjacent teeth. The literature indicates that this ICL is greater in the mesial aspect in comparison with the distal. As identified by the literature review, ICL in the maxilla ranged between 18% and 66% versus 37% to 54% in the mandible. ICL might occur as early as 3 months after prosthetic treatment. The literature review documented possible tooth migration causes, crown-related causes, and bone formation/growth-related causes of ICL. CONCLUSIONS ICL is a common multifactorial implant complication. The clinical condition will dictate if the implant crown needs to be modified/replaced or the natural tooth needs to be restored to reestablish interproximal contact between an implant prosthesis and adjacent tooth. Periodic evaluations of interproximal contacts between implant restorations and the adjacent teeth and the use of screw-retained restorations due to ease of removal is recommended to diagnose and mitigate the problem. An orthodontic retainer or occlusal guard may help prevent ICL between the implant restoration and the adjacent tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Varthis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Dennis P Tarnow
- Division of Periodontology, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Randi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY
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Pokhojaev A, Habashi W, May H, Schulz-Kornas E, Shvalb N, Sarig R. Examination of the Interproximal Wear Mechanism: Facet Morphology and Surface Texture Analysis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1445-1451. [PMID: 29969954 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518785140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentition is considered a dynamic system with forces that directly affect dental treatment stability and success. Understanding the biomechanical forces that influence tooth alignment is essential for both planning and performing dental treatments, as well as for anthropological and evolutionary studies. While there is currently an abundance of research on the mechanics of dental wear at the occlusal surface, the mechanics of interproximal dental wear is largely unexplored. The fretting mechanism, a wear process resulting from small-amplitude cyclic motion of 2 solid contacting surfaces, was refuted as a possible mechanism for occlusal wear but has never been considered for interproximal wear. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to reveal the biomechanical process of the interproximal wear and to explore whether the fretting mechanism could be associated with this process. Premolar teeth with interproximal wear facets were examined by 3-dimensional surface texture analysis using a high-resolution confocal disc-scanning measuring system. The unique texture topography of 3 areas in the proximal surface of each tooth was analyzed by applying 3D dental surface texture analysis. Each area showed unique texture characteristics, presenting statistically significant differences between the inner area of the facet and its margins or the surface outside the facets borders. Based on these results, we concluded that fretting is a key mechanism involved in interproximal wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pokhojaev
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, Department of Orthodontic, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,2 Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - W Habashi
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, Department of Orthodontic, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H May
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Schulz-Kornas
- 4 Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Shvalb
- 5 Department of Industrial Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - R Sarig
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, Department of Orthodontic, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Sarig R, Hershkovitz I, Shvalb N, Sella-Tunis T, May H, Vardimon AD. Proximal attrition facets: morphometric, demographic, and aging characteristics. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:271-8. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sarig
- Department of Orthodontics; Faculty of Medicine; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology; Faculty of Medicine; The Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Israel Hershkovitz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology; Faculty of Medicine; The Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Nir Shvalb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ariel University; Ariel Israel
| | - Tatiana Sella-Tunis
- Department of Orthodontics; Faculty of Medicine; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology; Faculty of Medicine; The Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Hila May
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology; Faculty of Medicine; The Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Alexander D. Vardimon
- Department of Orthodontics; Faculty of Medicine; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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Wong ATY, Wat PYP, Pow EHN, Leung KCM. Proximal contact loss between implant-supported prostheses and adjacent natural teeth: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:e68-71. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita T. Y. Wong
- Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Peter Y. P. Wat
- Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Edmond H. N. Pow
- Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Katherine C. M. Leung
- Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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Kaidonis JA, Ranjitkar S, Lekkas D, Brook AH, Townsend GC. Functional dental occlusion: an anthropological perspective and implications for practice. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:162-73. [PMID: 24444303 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Physiologic changes occur in dental occlusion throughout life, resulting from the interplay between functional demands and reciprocating adaptive responses. These changes have been reported in the anthropological literature and they reflect evolutionary changes in the human stomatognathic system during the Paleolithic, hunter-gatherer period. Specific occlusal changes occur in response to different environments, leading to extensive variation within and between extinct and extant human populations. For example, functional demands can cause occlusal and interproximal tooth wear, resulting in shortening of the dental arch, continual tooth eruption and changes in masticatory patterns. Since the advent of farming through to our current industrialized culture, functional demands on the human masticatory system, and its adaptive responses to these demands, have been reduced considerably. Indeed, it is only occasionally that functional demands are severe enough to lead to obvious pathology in the modern human dentition. In contrast to normal masticatory activity, 'modern-day conditions' such as dental caries, periodontal disease and erosion, can lead to significant changes in dental occlusion that are pathological and need to be treated. The masticatory system is a dynamic, functional unit that displays considerable change over a lifetime. In this concept paper, it is proposed that modern human populations living in industrialized environments display dental occlusions that can be considered to be 'neotenous'; that is, our dentitions tend to reflect an unworn stage of our ancestors that was only seen in infants, juveniles and young adults. Clinicians can draw on both phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives of 'functional dental occlusion' to differentiate continual physiological changes occurring over time that require ongoing review, from pathological responses that require intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kaidonis
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
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A Neanderthal lower molar from Stajnia Cave, Poland. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 64:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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An anthropological perspective: another dimension to modern dental wear concepts. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:741405. [PMID: 23304146 PMCID: PMC3523544 DOI: 10.1155/2012/741405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, research on tooth wear by dental academics has been diametrically opposite to that of anthropological research, with each discipline having a different understanding as to the nature of the wear processes. Dental focus revolved around preventive and restorative considerations while the anthropological focus was a biological understanding related to human evolution, diet, environment, form, and function and included all the craniofacial structures. Introducing the anthropological perspective into modern dentistry gives an insight into the “bigger picture” of the nature and extent of tooth wear. By combining anthropological evidence with clinical knowledge and experience, it is most likely to provide the best-informed and biologically based approach to the management of tooth wear in modern societies.
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d’Incau E, Couture C, Maureille B. Human tooth wear in the past and the present: Tribological mechanisms, scoring systems, dental and skeletal compensations. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:214-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Galbany J, Dotras L, Alberts SC, Pérez-Pérez A. Tooth size variation related to age in Amboseli baboons. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2011; 81:348-59. [PMID: 21325862 PMCID: PMC3064934 DOI: 10.1159/000323588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We measured the molar size from a single population of wild baboons from Amboseli (Kenya), both females (n=57) and males (n=50). All the females were of known age; the males represented a mix of known-age individuals (n=31) and individuals with ages estimated to within 2 years (n=19). The results showed a significant reduction in the mesiodistal length of teeth in both sexes as a function of age. Overall patterns of age-related change in tooth size did not change whether we included or excluded the individuals of estimated age, but patterns of statistical significance changed as a result of changed sample sizes. Our results demonstrate that tooth length is directly related to age due to interproximal wearing caused by M2 and M3 compression loads. Dental studies in primates, including both fossil and extant species, are mostly based on specimens obtained from osteological collections of varying origins, for which the age at death of each individual in the sample is not known. Researchers should take into account the phenomenon of interproximal attrition leading to reduced tooth size when measuring tooth length for ondontometric purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Galbany
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Estalrrich A, Rosas A, García-Vargas S, García-Tabernero A, Santamaría D, de la Rasilla M. Brief communication: Subvertical grooves on interproximal wear facets from the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal dental sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 144:154-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hillson S, Parfitt S, Bello S, Roberts M, Stringer C. Two hominin incisor teeth from the middle Pleistocene site of Boxgrove, Sussex, England. J Hum Evol 2010; 59:493-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Liang Bua Homo floresiensis mandibles and mandibular teeth: a contribution to the comparative morphology of a new hominin species. J Hum Evol 2009; 57:571-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Gao SS, Qian LM, Huang SB, Yu HY. Effect of gallic acid on the wear behavior of early carious enamel. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:034101. [PMID: 19498226 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/3/034101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the wear behavior of early carious enamel remineralized with gallic acid. Forty natural human premolar specimens with early caries lesions were prepared. A remineralization pH-cycling treatment agent of 4000 ppm gallic acid was used for 12 days to treat the early lesions. The changes in microhardness were monitored. Nanoscratch tests were used to evaluate wear resistance. The experimental data were analyzed by using a t-test. The widths of traces were measured by an AMBIOS XP-2 stylus profilometer. After remineralization, all samples re-hardened significantly. The coefficients of friction became higher, and the widths of scratches were larger than they were before remineralization. Gallic acid significantly improved the early carious enamel's hardness. The wear damage of the samples treated with gallic acid was more severe than that of the control group. There were more obvious cracks and delaminations on the traces of the treated group. Compared with the control group, the enamel remineralized with gallic acid had inferior wear resistance. After remineralization, the dominant damage mechanisms of early carious enamel had changed from plastic deformation and adhesive wear to a combination of brittle cracks and delamination of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
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Michael JA, Townsend GC, Greenwood LF, Kaidonis JA. Abfraction: separating fact from fiction. Aust Dent J 2009; 54:2-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.01080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Clinical Effectiveness of International Team for Oral Implantology Dental Implant Treatment in Taiwan: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study. IMPLANT DENT 2009; 18:67-74. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e31818c591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Presswood RG, Toy A. Is there such a thing as a 'healthy occlusion'?: lessons from history. PRIMARY DENTAL CARE : JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS (UK) 2008; 15:65-69. [PMID: 18397595 DOI: 10.1308/135576108784000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Opinions on occlusion and its link to oral health could not be more diverse. These opinions are used as justification for an equally diverse range of treatments for so-called occlusally related problems, from heavy wear to chronic orofacial pain. Many claim to have evidence to back up their opinions, although much of it appears to be from a very weak source or based on clinical experience. The strongest case appears to be made by those who believe there is no link, by virtue of a lack of evidence to support its existence. Yet for many clinicians, it is a self-evident truth that occlusion must be related in some way to the function and dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. This article uses historical research to highlight where the pro-occlusionists may be going wrong. It also offers a new concept, based on anthropological studies, that indicates occlusion's link to oral health, and explains why most patients appear to have no occlusal problems for most of the time. This theory needs to be tested by researchers to establish its validity. In the meantime, dentists who feel the need to treat occlusal problems will find it supports a very conservative approach to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G Presswood
- Clinical and Restorative Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Centre, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kaidonis JA. Tooth wear: the view of the anthropologist. Clin Oral Investig 2007; 12 Suppl 1:S21-6. [PMID: 17938977 PMCID: PMC2563149 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-007-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anthropologists have for many years considered human tooth wear a normal physiological phenomenon where teeth, although worn, remain functional throughout life. Wear was considered pathological only if pulpal exposure or premature tooth loss occurred. In addition, adaptive changes to the stomatognathic system in response to wear have been reported including continual eruption, the widening of the masticatory cycle, remodelling of the temporomandibular joint and the shortening of the dental arches from tooth migration. Comparative studies of many different species have also documented these physiological processes supporting the idea of perpetual change over time. In particular, differential wear between enamel and dentine was considered a physiological process relating to the evolution of the form and function of teeth. Although evidence of attrition and abrasion has been known to exist among hunter-gatherer populations for many thousands of years, the prevalence of erosion in such early populations seems insignificant. In particular, non-carious cervical lesions to date have not been observed within these populations and therefore should be viewed as ‘modern-day’ pathology. Extrapolating this anthropological perspective to the clinical setting has merits, particularly in the prevention of pre-mature unnecessary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kaidonis
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
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Rosas A, Martínez-Maza C, Bastir M, García-Tabernero A, Lalueza-Fox C, Huguet R, Ortiz JE, Julià R, Soler V, de Torres T, Martínez E, Cañaveras JC, Sánchez-Moral S, Cuezva S, Lario J, Santamaría D, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J. Paleobiology and comparative morphology of a late Neandertal sample from El Sidron, Asturias, Spain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19266-71. [PMID: 17164326 PMCID: PMC1748215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609662104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil evidence from the Iberian Peninsula is essential for understanding Neandertal evolution and history. Since 2000, a new sample approximately 43,000 years old has been systematically recovered at the El Sidrón cave site (Asturias, Spain). Human remains almost exclusively compose the bone assemblage. All of the skeletal parts are preserved, and there is a moderate occurrence of Middle Paleolithic stone tools. A minimum number of eight individuals are represented, and ancient mtDNA has been extracted from dental and osteological remains. Paleobiology of the El Sidrón archaic humans fits the pattern found in other Neandertal samples: a high incidence of dental hypoplasia and interproximal grooves, yet no traumatic lesions are present. Moreover, unambiguous evidence of human-induced modifications has been found on the human remains. Morphologically, the El Sidrón humans show a large number of Neandertal lineage-derived features even though certain traits place the sample at the limits of Neandertal variation. Integrating the El Sidrón human mandibles into the larger Neandertal sample reveals a north-south geographic patterning, with southern Neandertals showing broader faces with increased lower facial heights. The large El Sidrón sample therefore augments the European evolutionary lineage fossil record and supports ecogeographical variability across Neandertal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosas
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Calle José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Ungar PS, Grine FE, Teaford MF, Pérez-Pérez A. A review of interproximal wear grooves on fossil hominin teeth with new evidence from Olduvai Gorge. Arch Oral Biol 2001; 46:285-92. [PMID: 11269862 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interproximal (approximal) grooves at the cementum-enamel junction of premolar and molar teeth have been observed in a broad range of human ancestors and related extinct species from 1.84 million years ago to the present. Many hypotheses have been presented to explain the aetiology of these grooves, though their form and positioning are most consistent with tooth-picking behaviours. This paper reviews occurrences of interproximal grooves in the cheek teeth of modern and fossil humans, evaluates hypotheses on their cause, and reports on a previously undescribed groove found in OH 60, a molar tooth from Olduvai Gorge. This specimen is among the earliest to show such grooving, and is most likely attributable to Homo erectus. It is concluded that, because interproximal grooves have been observed only on Homo teeth, they probably reflect a behaviour or behaviours unique to that genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ungar
- Department of Anthropology, Old Main 330, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Villa G, Giacobini G. Subvertical grooves of interproximal facets in Neandertal posterior teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1995; 96:51-62. [PMID: 7726295 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330960106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Subvertical grooves, located on the interproximal facets of most Neandertal posterior teeth, are less frequently noted on the teeth of other hominids, including modern humans. These grooves, 0.1-0.5 mm in width, are strictly localized within the facet area. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of grooves present on Neandertal teeth from Caverna delle Fate (Liguria, Italy) and Genay (Côte d'Or, France) demonstrated that they were produced during the life of these individuals. Characteristics of the groove surface suggest an erosion-abrasion mechanism of formation. These grooves, which developed in parts of the dentition exposed to marked stress, originated in areas characterized by changes in the orientation of enamel prism bundles (i.e., Hunter-Schreger bands). Observations carried out on modern human molars showed a subvertical disposition of these bands near interproximal ridges facilitating subvertical microfractures. Possible correlations between enamel structure, masticatory stress, and interproximal groove formation in Neandertals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Villa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Turin, Italy
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