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Okunoye O, Ojo OO, Abiodun O, Abubakar S, Achoru C, Adeniji O, Agabi O, Agulanna U, Akinyemi R, Ali M, Ani-Osheku I, Arigbodi O, Bello A, Erameh C, Farombi T, Fawale M, Imarhiagbe F, Iwuozo E, Komolafe M, Nwani P, Nwazor E, Nyandaiti Y, Obiabo Y, Odeniyi O, Odiase F, Ojini F, Onwuegbuzie G, Osaigbovo G, Osemwegie N, Oshinaike O, Otubogun F, Oyakhire S, Ozomma S, Samuel S, Taiwo F, Wahab K, Zubair Y, Hernandez D, Bandres-Ciga S, Blauwendraat C, Singleton A, Houlden H, Hardy J, Rizig M, Okubadejo N. MAPT allele and haplotype frequencies in Nigerian Africans: Population distribution and association with Parkinson's disease risk and age at onset. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 113:105517. [PMID: 37467655 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between MAPT and PD risk may be subject to ethnic variability even within populations of similar geographical origin. Data on MAPT haplotype frequencies, and its association with PD risk in black Africans are lacking. We aimed to determine the frequencies of MAPT haplotypes and their role as risk factors for PD and age at onset in Nigerians. METHODS The haplotype and genotype frequencies of MAPT rs1052553 were analysed in 907 individuals with PD and 1022 age-matched healthy controls from the Nigeria Parkinson's Disease Research network cohort. Clinical data related to PD included age at study, age at onset (AAO), and disease duration. RESULTS The frequency of the H1 haplotype was 98.7% in PD, and 99.1% in controls (p = 0.19). The H2 haplotype was present in - 1.3% of PD and 0.9% of controls (p = 0.24). The most frequent MAPT genotype was H1H1 (PD - 97.5%, controls - 98.2%). The H1 haplotype was not associated with PD risk after accounting for gender and AAO (Odds ratio for H1/H1 vs H1/H2 and H2/H2: 0.68 (95% CI:0.39-1.28); p = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previous studies that report a low frequency of the MAPT H2 haplotype in black ancestry Africans but document its occurrence in Nigerians. The MAPT H1 haplotype was not associated with an increased risk or age at onset of PD in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaitan Okunoye
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Oluwadamilola O Ojo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - Sani Abubakar
- Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Achoru
- Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | | | - Osigwe Agabi
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Uchechi Agulanna
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abiodun Bello
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Cyril Erameh
- Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Fawale
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Paul Nwani
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Nwazor
- Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Yakub Nyandaiti
- University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Obiabo
- Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Francis Ojini
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon Ozomma
- University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Samuel
- University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Funmilola Taiwo
- Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Zubair
- National Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Mie Rizig
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Njideka Okubadejo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
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Okunoye O, Ojo O, Abiodun O, Abubakar S, Achoru C, Adeniji O, Agabi O, Agulanna U, Akinyemi R, Ali M, Ani-Osheku I, Arigbodi O, Bello A, Erameh C, Farombi T, Fawale M, Imarhiagbe F, Iwuozo E, Komolafe M, Nwani P, Nwazor E, Nyandaiti Y, Obiabo Y, Odeniyi O, Odiase F, Ojini F, Onwuegbuzie G, Osaigbovo G, Osemwegie N, Oshinaike O, Otubogun F, Oyakhire S, Ozomma S, Samuel S, Taiwo F, Wahab K, Zubair Y, Hernandez D, Bandres-Ciga S, Blauwendraat C, Singleton A, Houlden H, Hardy J, Rizig M, Okubadejo N. MAPT allele and haplotype frequencies in Nigerian Africans: population distribution and association with Parkinson's disease risk and age at onset. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.24.23287684. [PMID: 36993627 PMCID: PMC10055592 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.23287684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microtubule-associated protein tau ( MAPT ) gene is critical because of its putative role in the causal pathway of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the link between the main H1 haplotype and risk of PD. Inconsistencies in reported association may be driven by genetic variability in the populations studied to date. Data on MAPT haplotype frequencies in the general population and association studies exploring the role of MAPT haplotypes in conferring PD risk in black Africans are lacking. OBJECTIVES To determine the frequencies of MAPT haplotypes and explore the role of the H1 haplotype as a risk factor for PD risk and age at onset in Nigerian Africans. METHODS The haplotype and genotype frequencies of MAPT rs1052553 were analysed using PCR-based KASP™ in 907 individuals with PD and 1,022 age-matched neurologically normal controls from the Nigeria Parkinson's Disease Research (NPDR) network cohort. Clinical data related to PD included age at study, age at onset, and disease duration. RESULTS The frequency of the main MAPT H1 haplotype in this cohort was 98.7% in individuals with PD, and 99.1% in healthy controls (p=0.19). The H2 haplotype was present in 41/1929 (2.1%) of the cohort (PD - 1.3%; Controls - 0.9%; p=0.24). The most frequent MAPT genotype was H1H1 (PD - 97.5%, controls - 98.2%). The H1 haplotype was not associated with PD risk after accounting for gender and age at onset (Odds ratio for H1/H1 vs H1/H2 and H2/H2: 0.68 (95% CI:0.39-1.28); p=0.23). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previous studies that report a low frequency of the MAPT H2 haplotype in black ancestry Africans, but document its occurrence in the Nigerian population (2.1%). In this cohort of black Africans with PD, the MAPT H1 haplotype was not associated with an increased risk or age at onset of PD.
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Chu Y, Hirst WD, Kordower JH. Mixed pathology as a rule, not exception: Time to reconsider disease nosology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:57-71. [PMID: 36796948 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein is considered a key pathological feature during disease initiation and progression. While clearly deemed a synucleinopathy, the development of amyloid-β plaques, tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles, and even TDP-43 protein inclusions occur within the nigrostriatal system and in other brain regions. In addition, inflammatory responses, manifested by glial reactivity, T-cell infiltration, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, plus other toxic mediators derived from activated glial cells, are currently recognized as prominent drivers of Parkinson's disease pathology. However, copathologies have increasingly been recognized as the rule (>90%) and not the exception, with Parkinson's disease cases on average exhibiting three different copathologies. While microinfarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy may have an impact on disease progression, α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and TDP-43 pathology do not seem to contribute to progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chu
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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Dynamic Regulation of DNA Methylation and Brain Functions. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020152. [PMID: 36829430 PMCID: PMC9952911 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA cytosine methylation is a principal epigenetic mechanism underlying transcription during development and aging. Growing evidence suggests that DNA methylation plays a critical role in brain function, including neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, learning, and memory. However, the mechanisms underlying aberrant DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the contribution of 5-methycytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxylcytosine (5hmC) to brain development and aging, with a focus on the roles of dynamic 5mC and 5hmC changes in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Identification of aberrant DNA methylation sites could provide potential candidates for epigenetic-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Rawat P, Sehar U, Bisht J, Selman A, Culberson J, Reddy PH. Phosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12841. [PMID: 36361631 PMCID: PMC9654278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in elderly people. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are the major pathological features in an Alzheimer's brain. These proteins are highly expressed in nerve cells and found in most tissues. Tau primarily provides stabilization to microtubules in the part of axons and dendrites. However, tau in a pathological state becomes hyperphosphorylated, causing tau dysfunction and leading to synaptic impairment and degeneration of neurons. This article presents a summary of the role of tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in AD, and other tauopathies. Tauopathies, including Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, argyrophilic grain disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's disease, are the result of misprocessing and accumulation of tau within the neuronal and glial cells. This article also focuses on current research on the post-translational modifications and genetics of tau, tau pathology, the role of tau in tauopathies and the development of new drugs targeting p-tau, and the therapeutics for treating and possibly preventing tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Jasbir Bisht
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - John Culberson
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Campoy E, Puig M, Yakymenko I, Lerga-Jaso J, Cáceres M. Genomic architecture and functional effects of potential human inversion supergenes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210209. [PMID: 35694745 PMCID: PMC9189494 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supergenes are involved in adaptation in multiple organisms, but they are little known in humans. Genomic inversions are the most common mechanism of supergene generation and maintenance. Here, we review the information about two large inversions that are the best examples of potential human supergenes. In addition, we do an integrative analysis of the newest data to understand better their functional effects and underlying genetic changes. We have found that the highly divergent haplotypes of the 17q21.31 inversion of approximately 1.5 Mb have multiple phenotypic associations, with consistent effects in brain-related traits, red and white blood cells, lung function, male and female characteristics and disease risk. By combining gene expression and nucleotide variation data, we also analysed the molecular differences between haplotypes, including gene duplications, amino acid substitutions and regulatory changes, and identify CRHR1, KANLS1 and MAPT as good candidates to be responsible for these phenotypes. The situation is more complex for the 8p23.1 inversion, where there is no clear genetic differentiation. However, the inversion is associated with several related phenotypes and gene expression differences that could be linked to haplotypes specific of one orientation. Our work, therefore, contributes to the characterization of both exceptional variants and illustrates the important role of inversions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campoy
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marta Puig
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Illya Yakymenko
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jon Lerga-Jaso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Mario Cáceres
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen R, Liu J, Li S, Li X, Huo Y, Yao YG, Xiao X, Li M, Luo XJ. Functional genomics elucidates regulatory mechanisms of Parkinson's disease-associated variants. BMC Med 2022; 20:68. [PMID: 35168626 PMCID: PMC8848643 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple risk loci for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, identifying the functional (or potential causal) variants in the reported risk loci and elucidating their roles in PD pathogenesis remain major challenges. To identify the potential causal (or functional) variants in the reported PD risk loci and to elucidate their regulatory mechanisms, we report a functional genomics study of PD. METHODS We first integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) (from neuronal cells and human brain tissues) data and GWAS-identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD risk loci. We then conducted a series of experiments and analyses to validate the regulatory effects of these (i.e., functional) SNPs, including reporter gene assays, allele-specific expression (ASE), transcription factor (TF) knockdown, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing, and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. RESULTS We identified 44 SNPs (from 11 risk loci) affecting the binding of 12 TFs and we validated the regulatory effects of 15 TF binding-disrupting SNPs. In addition, we also identified the potential target genes regulated by these TF binding-disrupting SNPs through eQTL analysis. Finally, we showed that 4 eQTL genes of these TF binding-disrupting SNPs were dysregulated in PD cases compared with controls. CONCLUSION Our study systematically reveals the gene regulatory mechanisms of PD risk variants (including widespread disruption of CTCF binding), generates the landscape of potential PD causal variants, and pinpoints promising candidate genes for further functional characterization and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxia Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
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Kaur G, Rathod SSS, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Ahmad J, Mishra A, Alhakamy NA. DNA Methylation: A Promising Approach in Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010090. [PMID: 35053088 PMCID: PMC8773419 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of genes which affects corresponding gene expression. During the developmental stage, embryonic stem cells undergo various epigenetic modifications to produce different specialized cells. DNA methylation appears as one of the important epigenetic modifications which not only potentiate neuronal development but also have been sought in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The present work focuses on the history of DNA methylation, its role in neurodevelopment functions, and how assessment of DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation can be utilized for the prognosis of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review also paves the way for the development of novel treatment strategies based on targeting DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases. Abstract DNA methylation, in the mammalian genome, is an epigenetic modification that involves the transfer of a methyl group on the C5 position of cytosine to derive 5-methylcytosine. The role of DNA methylation in the development of the nervous system and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease has been an interesting research area. Furthermore, mutations altering DNA methylation affect neurodevelopmental functions and may cause the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. Epigenetic modifications in neurodegenerative diseases are widely studied in different populations to uncover the plausible mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of the disease and detect novel biomarkers for early prognosis and future pharmacotherapeutic targets. In this manuscript, we summarize the association of DNA methylation with the pathogenesis of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and discuss the potential of DNA methylation as a potential biomarker and therapeutic tool for neurogenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (S.S.S.R.)
| | - Suraj Singh S. Rathod
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (S.S.S.R.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-972-1554-158 or +91-829-976-4600
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Kühn R, Mahajan A, Canoll P, Hargus G. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Frontotemporal Dementia With Tau Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766773. [PMID: 34858989 PMCID: PMC8631302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias are the most common group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting more than 40 million people worldwide. One of these diseases is frontotemporal dementia (FTD), an early onset dementia and one of the leading causes of dementia in people under the age of 60. FTD is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with pathological accumulation of particular proteins in neurons and glial cells including the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is deposited in its hyperphosphorylated form in about half of all patients with FTD. As for other patients with dementia, there is currently no cure for patients with FTD and thus several lines of research focus on the characterization of underlying pathogenic mechanisms with the goal to identify therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of reported disease phenotypes in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and glial cells from patients with tau-associated FTD with the aim to highlight recent progress in this fast-moving field of iPSC disease modeling. We put a particular focus on genetic forms of the disease that are linked to mutations in the gene encoding tau and summarize mutation-associated changes in FTD patient cells related to tau splicing and tau phosphorylation, microtubule function and cell metabolism as well as calcium homeostasis and cellular stress. In addition, we discuss challenges and limitations but also opportunities using differentiated patient-derived iPSCs for disease modeling and biomedical research on neurodegenerative diseases including FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Kühn
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Strauß T, Marvian-Tayaranian A, Sadikoglou E, Dhingra A, Wegner F, Trümbach D, Wurst W, Heutink P, Schwarz SC, Höglinger GU. iPS Cell-Based Model for MAPT Haplotype as a Risk Factor for Human Tauopathies Identifies No Major Differences in TAU Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726866. [PMID: 34532319 PMCID: PMC8438159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The H1 haplotype of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene is a common genetic risk factor for some neurodegenerative diseases such as progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and Parkinson's disease. The molecular mechanism causing the increased risk for the named diseases, however, remains unclear. In this paper, we present a valuable tool of eight small molecule neural precursor cell lines (smNPC) homozygous for the MAPT haplotypes (four H1/H1 and four H2/H2 cell lines), which can be used to identify MAPT-dependent phenotypes. The employed differentiation protocol is fast due to overexpression of NEUROGENIN-2 and therefore suitable for high-throughput approaches. A basic characterization of all human cell lines was performed, and their TAU and α-SYNUCLEIN profiles were compared during a differentiation time of 30 days. We could identify higher levels of conformationally altered TAU in cell lines carrying the H2 haplotype. Additionally, we found increased expression levels of α-SYNUCLEIN in H1/H1 cells. With this resource, we aim to fill a gap in neurodegenerative disease modeling with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for sporadic tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Strauß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Marvian-Tayaranian
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eldem Sadikoglou
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Dhingra
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hanover, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid C. Schwarz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Geriatric Clinic Haag, Haag in Oberbayern, Germany
| | - Günter U. Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hanover, Germany
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11
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Transcript Variants of Genes Involved in Neurodegeneration Are Differentially Regulated by the APOE and MAPT Haplotypes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030423. [PMID: 33804213 PMCID: PMC7999745 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations at the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) loci have been implicated in multiple neurogenerative diseases, but their exact molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we performed transcript level linear modelling using the blood whole transcriptome data and genotypes of the 570 subjects in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. ApoE, MAPT haplotypes and two SNPs at the SNCA locus (rs356181, rs3910105) were used to detect expression quantitative trait loci eQTLs associated with the transcriptome and differential usage of transcript isoforms. As a result, we identified 151 genes associated with the genotypic variations, 29 cis and 122 trans eQTL positions. Profound effect with genome-wide significance of ApoE e4 haplotype on the expression of TOMM40 transcripts was identified. This finding potentially explains in part the frequently established genetic association with the APOE e4 haplotypes in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, MAPT haplotypes had significant differential impact on 23 transcripts from the 17q21.31 and 17q24.1 loci. MAPT haplotypes had also the largest up-regulating (256) and the largest down-regulating (−178) effect sizes measured as β values on two different transcripts from the same gene (LRRC37A2). Intronic SNP in the SNCA gene, rs3910105, differentially induced expression of three SNCA isoforms. In conclusion, this study established clear association between well-known haplotypic variance and transcript specific regulation in the blood. APOE e4 and MAPT H1/H2 haplotypic variants are associated with the expression of several genes related to the neurodegeneration.
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12
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Deutschlander AB, Konno T, Soto-Beasley AI, Walton RL, van Gerpen JA, Uitti RJ, Heckman MG, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA. Association of MAPT subhaplotypes with clinical and demographic features in Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1557-1563. [PMID: 32767721 PMCID: PMC7480915 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether distinct microtubule‐associated protein tau MAPT H1 subhaplotypes are associated with clinical and demographic features in Parkinson’s disease. Methods A retrospective cohort study included 855 unrelated Caucasian patients with Parkinson’s disease who were seen by Movement Disorder specialists at the Mayo Clinic Florida between 1998 and 2016. The primary outcome measures were specific demographic and clinical features of Parkinson’s disease, including age at onset, disease progression, survival, motor signs, dementia, dystonia, dyskinesia, autonomic dysfunction, impulse control disorder, psychiatric features, REM sleep behavior disorder, restless legs syndrome, and Parkinson’s disease subtype. Specific clinical features were measured at the initial visit and most recent visit. These outcomes were assessed for association with MAPT H1 subhaplotypes, which were defined by six haplotype tagging variants. Results Median onset age was 64 years (range: 22‐94 years); 548 (64%) of patients were male. Significant associations (P < 0.0029) were observed between MAPT H1b and orthostatic hypotension (OR = 1.72, P = 0.001); between H1j and rest tremor (OR = 0.15; P < 0.001) as well as REM sleep behavior disorder (OR = 3.87, P < 0.001); between H1r and bradykinesia (OR = 0.11; P < 0.001); and between H1v and restless legs syndrome (OR = 4.02, P = 0.002). Interpretation Four MAPT H1 subhaplotypes, but not the H2 haplotype, were significantly associated with specific clinical features in Parkinson’s disease. MAPT haplotypic structure may explain some of the phenotypic variability in disease. Replication of our findings will be critical to fully resolve the Parkinson’s disease risk association signal at Chr17q21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B Deutschlander
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Takuya Konno
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Neuroscience Track, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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13
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Tan MMX, Malek N, Lawton MA, Hubbard L, Pittman AM, Joseph T, Hehir J, Swallow DMA, Grosset KA, Marrinan SL, Bajaj N, Barker RA, Burn DJ, Bresner C, Foltynie T, Hardy J, Wood N, Ben-Shlomo Y, Grosset DG, Williams NM, Morris HR. Genetic analysis of Mendelian mutations in a large UK population-based Parkinson's disease study. Brain 2020; 142:2828-2844. [PMID: 31324919 PMCID: PMC6735928 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to define the prevalence and clinical features of genetic Parkinson’s disease in a large UK population-based cohort, the largest multicentre prospective clinico-genetic incident study in the world. We collected demographic data, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale scores, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. We analysed mutations in PRKN (parkin), PINK1, LRRK2 and SNCA in relation to age at symptom onset, family history and clinical features. Of the 2262 participants recruited to the Tracking Parkinson’s study, 424 had young-onset Parkinson’s disease (age at onset ≤ 50) and 1799 had late onset Parkinson’s disease. A range of methods were used to genotype 2005 patients: 302 young-onset patients were fully genotyped with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and either Sanger and/or exome sequencing; and 1701 late-onset patients were genotyped with the LRRK2 ‘Kompetitive’ allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay and/or exome sequencing (two patients had missing age at onset). We identified 29 (1.4%) patients carrying pathogenic mutations. Eighteen patients carried the G2019S or R1441C mutations in LRRK2, and one patient carried a heterozygous duplication in SNCA. In PRKN, we identified patients carrying deletions of exons 1, 4 and 5, and P113Xfs, R275W, G430D and R33X. In PINK1, two patients carried deletions in exon 1 and 5, and the W90Xfs point mutation. Eighteen per cent of patients with age at onset ≤30 and 7.4% of patients from large dominant families carried pathogenic Mendelian gene mutations. Of all young-onset patients, 10 (3.3%) carried biallelic mutations in PRKN or PINK1. Across the whole cohort, 18 patients (0.9%) carried pathogenic LRRK2 mutations and one (0.05%) carried an SNCA duplication. There is a significant burden of LRRK2 G2019S in patients with both apparently sporadic and familial disease. In young-onset patients, dominant and recessive mutations were equally common. There were no differences in clinical features between LRRK2 carriers and non-carriers. However, we did find that PRKN and PINK1 mutation carriers have distinctive clinical features compared to young-onset non-carriers, with more postural symptoms at diagnosis and less cognitive impairment, after adjusting for age and disease duration. This supports the idea that there is a distinct clinical profile of PRKN and PINK1-related Parkinson’s disease. We estimate that there are approaching 1000 patients with a known genetic aetiology in the UK Parkinson’s disease population. A small but significant number of patients carry causal variants in LRRK2, SNCA, PRKN and PINK1 that could potentially be targeted by new therapies, such as LRRK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela M X Tan
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Naveed Malek
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Leon Hubbard
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan M Pittman
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Theresita Joseph
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jason Hehir
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Diane M A Swallow
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katherine A Grosset
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah L Marrinan
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nin Bajaj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK.,Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Bresner
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Donald G Grosset
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel M Williams
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
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14
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Cochran JN, Geier EG, Bonham LW, Newberry JS, Amaral MD, Thompson ML, Lasseigne BN, Karydas AM, Roberson ED, Cooper GM, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, Myers RM, Yokoyama JS. Non-coding and Loss-of-Function Coding Variants in TET2 are Associated with Multiple Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:632-645. [PMID: 32330418 PMCID: PMC7212268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted genome sequencing to search for rare variation contributing to early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Discovery analysis was conducted on 435 cases and 671 controls of European ancestry. Burden testing for rare variation associated with disease was conducted using filters based on variant rarity (less than one in 10,000 or private), computational prediction of deleteriousness (CADD) (10 or 15 thresholds), and molecular function (protein loss-of-function [LoF] only, coding alteration only, or coding plus non-coding variants in experimentally predicted regulatory regions). Replication analysis was conducted on 16,434 independent cases and 15,587 independent controls. Rare variants in TET2 were enriched in the discovery combined EOAD and FTD cohort (p = 4.6 × 10-8, genome-wide corrected p = 0.0026). Most of these variants were canonical LoF or non-coding in predicted regulatory regions. This enrichment replicated across several cohorts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and FTD (replication only p = 0.0029). The combined analysis odds ratio was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-3.4) for AD and FTD. The odds ratio for qualifying non-coding variants considered independently from coding variants was 3.7 (95% CI 1.7-9.4). For LoF variants, the combined odds ratio (for AD, FTD, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which shares clinicopathological overlap with FTD) was 3.1 (95% CI 1.9-5.2). TET2 catalyzes DNA demethylation. Given well-defined changes in DNA methylation that occur during aging, rare variation in TET2 may confer risk for neurodegeneration by altering the homeostasis of key aging-related processes. Additionally, our study emphasizes the relevance of non-coding variation in genetic studies of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Ethan G Geier
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - J Scott Newberry
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Michelle D Amaral
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Michelle L Thompson
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Brittany N Lasseigne
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Anna M Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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15
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Sánchez-Juan P, Moreno S, de Rojas I, Hernández I, Valero S, Alegret M, Montrreal L, García González P, Lage C, López-García S, Rodrííguez-Rodríguez E, Orellana A, Tárraga L, Boada M, Ruiz A. The MAPT H1 Haplotype Is a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease in APOE ε4 Non-carriers. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:327. [PMID: 31866851 PMCID: PMC6905227 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An ancestral inversion of 900 kb on chromosome 17q21, which includes the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, defines two haplotype clades in Caucasians (H1 and H2). The H1 haplotype has been linked inconsistently with AD. In a previous study, we showed that an SNP tagging this haplotype (rs1800547) was associated with AD risk in a large population from the Dementia Genetics Spanish Consortium (DEGESCO) including 4435 cases and 6147 controls. The association was mainly driven by individuals that were non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Our aim was to replicate our previous findings in an independent sample of 4124 AD cases and 3290 controls from Spain (GR@ACE project) and to analyze the effect of the H1 sub-haplotype structure on the risk of AD. The H1 haplotype was associated with AD risk (OR = 1.12; p = 0.0025). Stratification analysis showed that this association was mainly driven by the APOE ε4 non-carriers (OR = 1.15; p = 0.0022). Pooled analysis of both Spanish datasets (n = 17,996) showed that the highest AD risk related to the MAPT H1/H2 haplotype was in those individuals that were the oldest [third tertile (>77 years)] and did not carry APOE ε4 allele (p = 0.001). We did not find a significant association between H1 sub-haplotypes and AD. H1c was nominally associated but lost statistical significance after adjusting by population sub-structure. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic variants linked to the MAPT H1/H2 are tracking a genuine risk allele for AD. The fact that this association is stronger in APOE ε4 non-carriers partially explains previous controversial results and might be related to a slower alternative causal pathway less dependent on brain amyloid load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Alegret
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García González
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara López-García
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodrííguez-Rodríguez
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Assessment of risk factor variants of LRRK2, MAPT, SNCA and TCEANC2 genes in Hungarian sporadic Parkinson's disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:140-145. [PMID: 31085292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Lifestyle, environmental effects and several genetic factors have been proposed to contribute to its development. Though the majority of PD cases do not have a family history of disease, genetic alterations are proposed to be present in 60 percent of the more common sporadic cases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of PD related specific risk variants of LRRK2, MAPT, SNCA and PARK10 genes in the Hungarian population. Out of the ten investigated polymorphisms three are proposed to have protective effect and seven are putative risk factors. METHODS For genotyping, TaqMan allelic discrimination and restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. LRRK2 mutations were investigated among 124 sporadic PD patients and 128 healthy controls. MAPT and SNCA variant frequencies were evaluated in a group of 123 patients and 122 controls, while PARK10 variant was studied in groups of 121 patients and 113 controls. RESULTS No significant difference could be detected in the frequencies of the investigated MAPT and PARK10 variants between the studied Hungarian PD cases and controls. The minor allele of the risk factor S1647T LRRK2 variant was found to be more frequent among healthy male individuals compared to patients. Moreover, in the frequency of one of the investigated SNCA variant a significant intergroup difference was detected. The minor allele (A) of rs356186 is proposed to be protective against developing the disease. In accord with data obtained in other populations, the AA genotype was significantly more frequent among Hungarian healthy controls compared to patients. Similarly, a significant difference in genotype distribution was also found in comparison of patients with late onset disease to healthy controls, which was due to the higher frequency of AG genotype among patients. CONCLUSION The frequencies of different gene variants show great differences in populations. Assessment of the frequency of variants of PD related genes variants is important in order to uncover the pathomechanisms underlying the disease, and to identify potential therapeutic targets. This is the first comprehensive study focusing on these genetic variants in the population of East-Central European region. Our results extend the knowledge on the world wide occurrence of these polymorphisms by demonstrating the occurrence of specific alleles and absence of others in Hungarian PD patients.
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17
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Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies: kindred pathologic cascades and genetic pleiotropy. J Transl Med 2019; 99:993-1007. [PMID: 30742063 PMCID: PMC6609463 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the literature on Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies in aged human brains and the relevant underlying pathogenetic cascades. Complex interacting pathways are implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), wherein multiple proteins tend to misfold in a manner that is "reactive," but, subsequently, each proteinopathy may contribute strongly to the clinical symptoms. Tau proteinopathy exists in brains of individuals across a broad spectrum of primary underlying conditions-e.g., developmental, traumatic, and inflammatory/infectious diseases. TDP-43 proteinopathy is also expressed in a wide range of clinical disorders. Although TDP-43 proteinopathy was first described in the central nervous system of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD/FTLD), TDP-43 proteinopathy is also present in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cognitively impaired persons in advanced age with hippocampal sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other diseases. We list known Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. There is also evidence of cellular co-localization between Tau and TDP-43 misfolded proteins, suggesting common pathways or protein interactions facilitating misfolding in one protein by the other. Multiple pleiotropic gene variants can alter risk for Tau or TDP-43 pathologies, and certain gene variants (e.g., APOE ε4, Huntingtin triplet repeats) are associated with increases of both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Studies of genetic risk factors have provided insights into multiple nodes of the pathologic cascades involved in Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Variants from a specific gene can be either a low-penetrant risk factor for a group of diseases, or alternatively, a different variant of the same gene may be a disease-driving allele that is associated with a relatively aggressive and early-onset version of a clinically and pathologically specific disease type. Overall, a complex but enlightening paradigm has emerged, wherein both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies are linked to numerous overlapping upstream influences, and both are associated with multiple downstream pathologically- and clinically-defined deleterious effects.
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Ordered Assembly of Tau Protein and Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1184:3-21. [PMID: 32096024 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tau filaments with distinct morphologies and/or isoform compositions underlie a large number of human neurodegenerative diseases. Their formation is important, because dominantly inherited mutations in MAPT, the tau gene, cause frontotemporal dementia with abundant filamentous tau inclusions. Assembly of tau may begin in a specific region of the brain, from where it spreads to other areas. It remains to be seen if the molecular species underlying tau aggregate-mediated neurodegeneration and propagation are the same or different. In the brains of mice transgenic for human mutant P301S tau, small tau filaments are the predominant seed-competent species. It has been suggested that different conformers of assembled tau may give rise to different human tauopathies, but until recently, it was not possible to study this directly. Electron cryo-microscopy can now be used to determine high-resolution structures of amyloid filaments from human brain. Paired helical and straight tau filaments of Alzheimer's disease are ultrastructural polymorphs. Each filament core is composed of two identical protofilaments extending from G273/304-E380 (in the numbering of the 441 amino acid isoform of human tau), which adopt a combined cross-β/β-helix structure. They comprise the ends of the first or second microtubule-binding repeat (R1 or R2), the whole of R3 and R4, as well as 12 amino acids after R4. By contrast, the core of the narrow filament of Pick's disease consists of a single protofilament extending from K254-F378 of 3R tau, which adopts a cross-β structure. It comprises the last 21 amino acids of R1, all of R3 and R4, as well as 10 amino acids after R4. Wide tau filaments of Pick's disease, which are in the minority, consist of two narrow filaments packed against each other. The tau filament folds of Alzheimer's and Pick's diseases appear to be conserved between different cases of disease. These findings show that filamentous tau adopts one fold in Alzheimer's disease and a different fold in Pick's disease, establishing the existence of distinct conformers.
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Drosophila Models of Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113343. [PMID: 30373150 PMCID: PMC6275057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common cause of movement disorders and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It is increasingly recognized as a complex group of disorders presenting widely heterogeneous symptoms and pathology. With the exception of the rare monogenic forms, the majority of PD cases result from an interaction between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The search for these risk factors and the development of preclinical animal models are in progress, aiming to provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. This review summarizes the studies that capitalize on modeling sporadic (i.e., nonfamilial) PD using Drosophilamelanogaster and discusses their methodologies, new findings, and future perspectives.
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Zhang CC, Zhu JX, Wan Y, Tan L, Wang HF, Yu JT, Tan L. Meta-analysis of the association between variants in MAPT and neurodegenerative diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44994-45007. [PMID: 28402959 PMCID: PMC5546535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene is compelling among the susceptibility genes of neurodegenerative diseases which include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our meta-analysis aimed to find the association between MAPT and the risk of these diseases. Published literatures were retrieved from MEDLINE and other databases, and 82 case-control studies were recruited. Six haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1467967, rs242557, rs3785883, rs2471738, del-In9 and rs7521) and haplotypes (H2 and H1c) were significantly associated with the above diseases. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated by comparison in minor and major allele frequency using the R software. This study demonstrated that different variants in MAPT were associated with AD (rs2471738: OR= 1.04, 95%CI = 1.00 - 1.09; H2: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91 - 0.97), PD (H2: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.74 - 0.79), PSP (rs242557: OR = 1. 96, 95% CI = 1. 71 - 2.25; rs2471738: OR = 1. 85, 95% CI = 1. 48 - 2.31; H2: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.18 - 0.23), CBD (rs242557: OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1. 66 -3.78; rs2471738: OR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1. 32 -3.23; H2: OR = OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.23 - 0.41) and ALS (H2: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86 - 0.98) instead of FTD (H2: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.78 - 1.32). In conclusion, MAPT is associated with risk of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting crucial roles of tau in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, PR China
| | - Jun-Xia Zhu
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China.,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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21
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Yuan H, Du L, Ge P, Wang X, Xia Q. Association of microtubule-associated protein tau gene polymorphisms with the risk of sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:577-585. [PMID: 29098924 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1400972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City, Hefei, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pingping Ge
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City, Hefei, China
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Jairani PS, Aswathy PM, Gopala S, Verghese J, Mathuranath PS. Interaction with the MAPT H1H1 Genotype Increases Dementia Risk in APOE ε4 Carriers in a Population of Southern India. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 42:255-264. [PMID: 27705964 DOI: 10.1159/000447446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study delineates the role of the interaction of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and MAPT alleles in contributing to disease risks of dementia in a southern Indian population. METHODS A sample of 419 patients comprising Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 156), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 87), frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 127), vascular dementia (VD; n = 37), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 12) was analysed in comparison with a control group (n = 138). APOE genotyping and MAPT haplotyping were performed on all study subjects. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that variability on the APOE locus influenced the relative risk of dementia in the study population. The APOE ε4 allele increased the disease risk most significantly for AD (OR = 3.468, p < 0.0001) and MCI (OR = 2.901, p < 0.0001). The APOE ε2 allele remained protective for AD (OR = 0.205, p < 0.05). For FTD, VD, and DLB, the APOE ε4 allele was ineffectual in modulating disease risk. The MAPT H1 haplotype was not an overrepresented marker of neurodegenerative diseases. The H1H1 genotype had an additive effect in contributing to either disease risk in combination with the APOE ε4 allele or protection in combination with the APOE ε2 or ε3 allele. CONCLUSIONS This study is a reappraisal of the strong association of APOE variability with AD in southern India when compared to other dementia groups, while the transcriptional differences between MAPT haplotypes have a limited role in Indian dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Jairani
- Cognition and Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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23
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Beevers JE, Lai MC, Collins E, Booth HDE, Zambon F, Parkkinen L, Vowles J, Cowley SA, Wade-Martins R, Caffrey TM. MAPT Genetic Variation and Neuronal Maturity Alter Isoform Expression Affecting Axonal Transport in iPSC-Derived Dopamine Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:587-599. [PMID: 28689993 PMCID: PMC5549835 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The H1 haplotype of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) locus is genetically associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), and affects gene expression and splicing. However, the functional impact on neurons of such expression differences has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we employ extended maturation phases during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into mature dopaminergic neuronal cultures to obtain cultures expressing all six adult tau protein isoforms. After 6 months of maturation, levels of exon 3+ and exon 10+ transcripts approach those of adult brain. Mature dopaminergic neuronal cultures display haplotype differences in expression, with H1 expressing 22% higher levels of MAPT transcripts than H2 and H2 expressing 2-fold greater exon 3+ transcripts than H1. Furthermore, knocking down adult tau protein variants alters axonal transport velocities in mature iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuronal cultures. This work links haplotype-specific MAPT expression with a biologically functional outcome relevant for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Beevers
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Mang Ching Lai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Emma Collins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Heather D E Booth
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Federico Zambon
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Academic Unit of Neuropathology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; The Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Jane Vowles
- The Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- The Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; The Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Tara M Caffrey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
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Miranda-Morales E, Meier K, Sandoval-Carrillo A, Salas-Pacheco J, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Arias-Carrión O. Implications of DNA Methylation in Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:225. [PMID: 28769760 PMCID: PMC5513956 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 200 years since Parkinson’s disease (PD) was first described, yet many aspects of its etiopathogenesis remain unclear. PD is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors including aging, nutrition, pesticides and exposure to heavy metals. DNA methylation may be altered in response to some of these factors; therefore, it is proposed that epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, can have a fundamental role in gene–environment interactions that are related with PD. Epigenetic changes in PD-associated genes are now widely studied in different populations, to discover the mechanisms that contribute to disease development and identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and future pharmacological treatment. While initial studies sought to find associations between promoter DNA methylation and the regulation of associated genes in PD brain tissue, more recent studies have described concordant DNA methylation patterns between blood and brain tissue DNA. These data justify the use of peripheral blood samples instead of brain tissue for epigenetic studies. Here, we summarize the current data about DNA methylation changes in PD and discuss the potential of DNA methylation as a potential biomarker for PD. Additionally, we discuss environmental and nutritional factors that have been implicated in DNA methylation. Although the search for significant DNA methylation changes and gene expression analyses of PD-associated genes have yielded inconsistent and contradictory results, epigenetic modifications remain under investigation for their potential to reveal the link between environmental risk factors and the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Miranda-Morales
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea GonzálezMexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoDurango, Mexico
| | - Karin Meier
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico
| | - Ada Sandoval-Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoDurango, Mexico
| | - José Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoDurango, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea GonzálezMexico City, Mexico
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25
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Zhou L, McInnes J, Wierda K, Holt M, Herrmann AG, Jackson RJ, Wang YC, Swerts J, Beyens J, Miskiewicz K, Vilain S, Dewachter I, Moechars D, De Strooper B, Spires-Jones TL, De Wit J, Verstreken P. Tau association with synaptic vesicles causes presynaptic dysfunction. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15295. [PMID: 28492240 PMCID: PMC5437271 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is implicated in more than 20 neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Under pathological conditions, Tau dissociates from axonal microtubules and missorts to pre- and postsynaptic terminals. Patients suffer from early synaptic dysfunction prior to Tau aggregate formation, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we show that pathogenic Tau binds to synaptic vesicles via its N-terminal domain and interferes with presynaptic functions, including synaptic vesicle mobility and release rate, lowering neurotransmission in fly and rat neurons. Pathological Tau mutants lacking the vesicle binding domain still localize to the presynaptic compartment but do not impair synaptic function in fly neurons. Moreover, an exogenously applied membrane-permeable peptide that competes for Tau-vesicle binding suppresses Tau-induced synaptic toxicity in rat neurons. Our work uncovers a presynaptic role of Tau that may be part of the early pathology in various Tauopathies and could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhou
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joseph McInnes
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Matthew Holt
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Abigail G. Herrmann
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Center for Dementia Prevention and Euan MacDonald Centre, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Rosemary J. Jackson
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Center for Dementia Prevention and Euan MacDonald Centre, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jef Swerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jelle Beyens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Miskiewicz
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sven Vilain
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Catholic University of Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- University of Hasselt, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Diederik Moechars
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tara L. Spires-Jones
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Center for Dementia Prevention and Euan MacDonald Centre, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Joris De Wit
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Hernández F, Ávila J. Commentary: Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:23. [PMID: 28197077 PMCID: PMC5281599 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII)Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII)Madrid, Spain
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Kalinderi K, Bostantjopoulou S, Fidani L. The genetic background of Parkinson's disease: current progress and future prospects. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:314-326. [PMID: 26869347 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Almost two decades of genetic research in Parkinson's disease (PD) have remarkably increased our knowledge regarding the genetic basis of PD with numerous genes and genetic loci having been found to cause familial PD or affect the risk for PD. Approximately 5-10% of PD patients have monogenic forms of the disease, exhibiting a classical Mendelian type of inheritance, however, the majority PD cases are sporadic, probably caused by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. Nowadays, six genes, alpha synuclein, LRRK2, VPS35, Parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1, have definitely been associated with an autosomal dominant or recessive PD mode of inheritance. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the implementation of new technologies, like next generation sequencing (NGS) and exome sequencing has undoubtedly greatly aided the identification on novel risk variants for sporadic PD. In this review, we will summarize the current progress and future prospects in the field of PD genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kalinderi
- Department of General Biology; Medical School; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - S. Bostantjopoulou
- 3rd University Department of Neurology; G. Papanikolaou Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - L. Fidani
- Department of General Biology; Medical School; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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28
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Labbé C, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Ross OA. Epigenetic regulation in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:515-30. [PMID: 27358065 PMCID: PMC5026906 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts have shed new light on the epigenetic mechanisms driving gene expression alterations associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Changes in gene expression are a well-established cause of PD, and epigenetic mechanisms likely play a pivotal role in regulation. Studies in families with PD harboring duplications and triplications of the SNCA gene have demonstrated that gene dosage is associated with increased expression of both SNCA mRNA and protein, and correlates with a fulminant disease course. Furthermore, it is postulated that even subtle changes in SNCA expression caused by common variation is associated with disease risk. Of note, genome-wide association studies have identified over 30 loci associated with PD with most signals located in non-coding regions of the genome, thus likely influencing transcript expression levels. In health, epigenetic mechanisms tightly regulate gene expression, turning genes on and off to balance homeostasis and this, in part, explains why two cells with the same DNA sequence will have different RNA expression profiles. Understanding this phenomenon will be crucial to our interpretation of the selective vulnerability observed in neurodegeneration and specifically dopaminergic neurons in the PD brain. In this review, we discuss epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, involved in regulating the expression of genes relevant to PD, RNA-based mechanisms, as well as the effect of toxins and potential epigenetic-based treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Coupland KG, Kim WS, Halliday GM, Hallupp M, Dobson-Stone C, Kwok JBJ. Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA MAPT-AS1 in Regulation of Microtubule Associated Protein Tau (MAPT) Expression in Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157924. [PMID: 27336847 PMCID: PMC4919105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the pathogenic role of the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene in Parkinson's disease (PD) have indicated that DNA methylation of the promoter region is aberrant in disease, leading to dysregulated MAPT expression. We examined two potential regulators of MAPT gene expression in respect to PD, a promoter-associated long non-coding RNA MAPT-AS1, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), enzymes responsible for new and maintenance of DNA methylation. We assessed the relationship between expression levels of MAPT and the candidate MAPT-AS1, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B transcripts in four brain regions with varying degrees of cell loss and pathology (putamen, anterior cingulate cortex, visual cortex and cerebellum) in N = 10 PD and N = 10 controls. We found a significant decrease in MAPT-AS1 expression in PD (p = 7.154 x 10-6). The transcript levels of both MAPT-AS1 (p = 2.569 x 10-4) and DNMT1 (p = 0.001) correlated with those of MAPT across the four brain regions, but not with each other. Overexpression of MAPT-AS1 decreased MAPT promoter activity by ∼2.2 to 4.3 fold in an in vitro luciferase assay performed in two cell lines (p ≤ 2.678 x 10-4). Knock-down expression of MAPT-AS1 led to a 1.3 to 6.3 fold increase in methylation of the endogenous MAPT promoter (p ≤ 0.011) and a 1.2 to 1.5 fold increased expression of the 4-repeat MAPT isoform transcript (p ≤ 0.013). In conclusion, MAPT-AS1 and DNMT1 have been identified as potential epigenetic regulators of MAPT expression in PD across four different brain regions. Our data also suggest that increased MAPT expression could be associated with disease state, but not with PD neuropathology severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten G. Coupland
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin S. Kim
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Collins LM, Williams-Gray CH. The Genetic Basis of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:89. [PMID: 27242557 PMCID: PMC4873499 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment affecting around a quarter of patients in the early stages of their disease, and approximately half developing dementia by 10 years from diagnosis. However, the pattern of cognitive impairments and their speed of evolution vary markedly between individuals. While some of this variability may relate to extrinsic factors and comorbidities, inherited genetic heterogeneity is also known to play an important role. A number of common genetic variants have been identified, which contribute to cognitive function in PD, including variants in catechol-O-methyltransferase, microtubule-associated protein tau, and apolipoprotein E. Furthermore, rarer mutations in glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein and are strongly associated with dementia risk in PD. This review explores the functional impact of these variants on cognition in PD and discusses how such genotype-phenotype associations provide a window into the mechanistic basis of cognitive heterogeneity in this disorder. This has consequent implications for the development of much more targeted therapeutic strategies for cognitive symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Collins
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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Im SY, Kim YE, Kim YJ. Genetics of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Mov Disord 2015; 8:122-9. [PMID: 26413239 PMCID: PMC4572662 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that is clinically characterized by progressive postural instability, supranuclear gaze palsy, parkinsonism and cognitive decline. Pathologically, diagnosis of PSP is based on characteristic features, such as neurofibrillary tangles, neutrophil threads, tau-positive astrocytes and their processes in basal ganglia and brainstem, and the accumulation of 4 repeat tau protein. PSP is generally recognized as a sporadic disorder; however, understanding of genetic background of PSP has been expanding rapidly. Here we review relevant publications to outline the genetics of PSP. Although only small number of familial PSP cases have been reported, the recognition of familial PSP has been increasing. In some familial cases of clinically probable PSP, PSP pathologies were confirmed based on NINDS neuropathological diagnostic criteria. Several mutations in MAPT, the gene that causes a form of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tauopathy, have been identified in both sporadic and familial PSP cases. The H1 haplotype of MAPT is a risk haplotype for PSP, and within H1, a sub-haplotype (H1c) is associated with PSP. A recent genome-wide association study on autopsyproven PSP revealed additional PSP risk alleles in STX6 and EIF2AK3. Several heredodegenerative parkinsonian disorders are referred to as PSP-look-alikes because their clinical phenotype, but not their pathology, mimics PSP. Due to the fast development of genomics and bioinformatics, more genetic factors related to PSP are expected to be discovered. Undoubtedly, these studies will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PSP and clues for developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Im
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea ; ILSONG Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea ; Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics & Bioinformatics, Anyang, Korea
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Caillet-Boudin ML, Buée L, Sergeant N, Lefebvre B. Regulation of human MAPT gene expression. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:28. [PMID: 26170022 PMCID: PMC4499907 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of known pathologies involving deregulated Tau expression/metabolism is increasing. Indeed, in addition to tauopathies, which comprise approximately 30 diseases characterized by neuronal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau in brain neurons, this protein has also been associated with various other pathologies such as cancer, inclusion body myositis, and microdeletion/microduplication syndromes, suggesting its possible function in peripheral tissues. In addition to Tau aggregation, Tau deregulation can occur at the expression and/or splicing levels, as has been clearly demonstrated in some of these pathologies. Here, we aim to review current knowledge regarding the regulation of human MAPT gene expression at the DNA and RNA levels to provide a better understanding of its possible deregulation. Several aspects, including repeated motifs, CpG island/methylation, and haplotypes at the DNA level, as well as the key regions involved in mRNA expression and stability and the splicing patterns of different mRNA isoforms at the RNA level, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172, Inserm, CHU, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Bruno Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172, Inserm, CHU, 59000, Lille, France
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SNCA Gene, but Not MAPT, Influences Onset Age of Parkinson's Disease in Chinese and Australians. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:135674. [PMID: 25960998 PMCID: PMC4413514 DOI: 10.1155/2015/135674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background. α-Synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) are the two major genes independently, but not jointly, associated with susceptibility for Parkinson's disease (PD). The SNCA gene has recently been identified as a major modifier of age of PD onset. Whether MAPT gene synergistically influences age of onset of PD is unknown. Objective. To investigate independent and joint effects of MAPT and SNCA on PD onset age. Methods. 412 patients with PD were recruited from the Australian PD Research Network (123) and the Neurology Department, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (289). MAPT (rs17650901) tagging H1/H2 haplotype and SNCA (Rep1) were genotyped in the Australian cohort, and MAPT (rs242557, rs3744456) and SNCA (rs11931074, rs894278) were genotyped in the Chinese cohort. SPSS regression analysis was used to test genetic effects on age at onset of PD in each cohort. Results. SNCA polymorphisms associated with the onset age of PD in both populations. MAPT polymorphisms did not enhance such association in either entire cohort. Conclusion. This study suggests that, in both ethnic groups, SNCA gene variants influence the age at onset of PD and α-synuclein plays a key role in the disease course of PD.
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Golpich M, Amini E, Hemmati F, Ibrahim NM, Rahmani B, Mohamed Z, Raymond AA, Dargahi L, Ghasemi R, Ahmadiani A. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) signaling: Implications for Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:16-26. [PMID: 25829335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) dysregulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, affecting the central nervous system (CNS) encompassing both neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Several lines of evidence have illustrated a key role of the GSK-3 and its cellular and molecular signaling cascades in the control of neuroinflammation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), one of the GSK-3 isomers, plays a major role in neuronal apoptosis and its inhibition decreases expression of alpha-Synuclein (α-Synuclein), which make this kinase an attractive therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the progressive and massive loss of dopaminergic neurons by neuronal apoptosis in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the striatum, which lead to pathological and clinical abnormalities. Thus, understanding the role of GSK-3β in PD will enhance our knowledge of the basic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disorder and facilitate the identification of new therapeutic avenues. In recent years, GSK-3β has been shown to play essential roles in modulating a variety of cellular functions, which have prompted efforts to develop GSK-3β inhibitors as therapeutics. In this review, we summarize GSK-3 signaling pathways and its association with neuroinflammation. Moreover, we highlight the interaction between GSK-3β and several cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of PD, including the accumulation of α-Synuclein aggregates, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discuss about GSK-3β inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Golpich
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elham Amini
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Behrouz Rahmani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azman Ali Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mikhail F, Calingasan N, Parolari L, Subramanian A, Yang L, Flint Beal M. Lack of exacerbation of neurodegeneration in a double transgenic mouse model of mutant LRRK2 and tau. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3545-56. [PMID: 25804954 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase) mutations constitute the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Microtubule-associated protein tau mutations cause a group of neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies. Genome-wide association studies show that, after α-synuclein, polymorphisms in the tau gene have the second strongest genetic association with PD. In a proportion of PD patients with LRRK2 mutations, and in several transgenic animal models of LRRK2, tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, rather than α-synuclein aggregation, are the most prominent neuropathologic findings. To further examine the relationship between LRRK2 and tau, we crossed LRRK2 R1441G BAC transgenic mice (Mus musculus) with tau P301S mutant transgenic mice and characterized their behavioral, neuropathological and biochemical phenotypes. We found that the combination of the two mutations does not increase tau hyperphosphorylation or aggregation nor does it exacerbate the behavioral and pathological deficits previously described in the tau P301S mice. The double-mutant mice had no shortening of lifespan and no worsening of motor or memory deficits. There was no increase in the aggregation of tau or α-synuclein. Dopaminergic neuron cell counts and striatal levels of dopamine and its metabolites were unaltered. There was no exacerbation of cell loss, microgliosis or astrogliosis in multiple brain regions. These results suggest that LRRK2 and tau do not interact to exacerbate behavioral, biochemical or pathological abnormalities in neurodegeneration and that LRRK2 and tau exert their pathogenic effects through independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Mikhail
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Noel Calingasan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luca Parolari
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aarthi Subramanian
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lichuan Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Flint Beal
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Park SB, Kwok JB, Loy CT, Friedlander ML, Lin CSY, Krishnan AV, Lewis CR, Kiernan MC. Paclitaxel-induced neuropathy: potential association of MAPT and GSK3B genotypes. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:993. [PMID: 25535399 PMCID: PMC4364586 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel treatment produces dose-limiting peripheral neurotoxicity, which adversely affects treatment and long-term outcomes. In the present study, the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity were assessed in 21 patients, focusing on polymorphisms involved in the tau-microtubule pathway, an important target of paclitaxel involved in neurotoxicity development. Methods Polymorphisms in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene (haplotype 1 and rs242557 polymorphism) and the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) gene (rs6438552 polymorphism) were investigated. Neurotoxicity was assessed using neuropathy grading scales, neurophysiological studies and patient questionnaires. Results A significant relationship between the GSK-3B rs6438552 polymorphism and paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity was evident. Conclusions Polymorphisms in tau-associated genes may contribute to the development of paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity, although larger series will be necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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37
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Association between MAPT haplotype and memory function in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy aging individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1519-28. [PMID: 25577413 PMCID: PMC4353560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation is associated with differences in the function of the brain as well as its susceptibility to disease. The common H1 haplotypic variant of the microtubule-associated protein tau gene (MAPT) has been related to an increased risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, among PD patients, H1 homozygotes have an accelerated progression to dementia. We investigated the neurocognitive correlates of MAPT haplotypes using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty-seven nondemented patients with PD (19 H1/H1, 18 H2 carriers) and 40 age-matched controls (21 H1/H1, 19 H2 carriers) were scanned during performance of a picture memory encoding task. Behaviorally, H1 homozygosity was associated with impaired picture recognition memory in PD patients and control subjects. These impairments in the H1 homozygotes were accompanied by an altered blood-oxygen level-dependent response in the medial temporal lobe during successful memory encoding. Additional age-related differences in blood-oxygen level-dependent response were observed in the medial temporal lobes of H1 homozygotes with PD. These results suggest that common variation in MAPT is not only associated with the dementia of PD but also differences in the neural circuitry underlying aspects of cognition in normal aging.
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38
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Lu SS, Gong FF, Feng F, Hu CY, Qian ZZ, Wu YL, Yang HY, Sun YH. Association of microtubule associated protein tau/Saitohin (MAPT/STH) MAPT_238bp/STH Q7R polymorphisms and Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:653-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Coupland KG, Mellick GD, Silburn PA, Mather K, Armstrong NJ, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Huang Y, Halliday GM, Hallupp M, Kim WS, Dobson-Stone C, Kwok JBJ. DNA methylation of the MAPT gene in Parkinson's disease cohorts and modulation by vitamin E in vitro. Mov Disord 2013; 29:1606-14. [PMID: 24375821 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which environmental factors influence disease risk and may act via an epigenetic mechanism. The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is a susceptibility gene for idiopathic PD. Methylation levels were determined by pyrosequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA in a leukocyte cohort (358 PD patients and 1084 controls) and in two brain cohorts (Brain1, comprising 69 cerebellum controls; and Brain2, comprising 3 brain regions from 28 PD patients and 12 controls). In vitro assays involved the transfection of methylated promoter-luciferase constructs or treatment with an exogenous micronutrient. In normal leukocytes, the MAPT H1/H2 diplotype and sex were predictors of MAPT methylation. Haplotype-specific pyrosequencing confirmed that the H1 haplotype had higher methylation than the H2 haplotype in normal leukocytes and brain tissues. MAPT methylation was negatively associated with MAPT expression in the Brain1 cohort and in transfected cells. Methylation levels differed between three normal brain regions (Brain2 cohort, putamen < cerebellum < anterior cingulate cortex). In PD samples, age at onset was positively associated with MAPT methylation in leukocytes. Moreover, there was hypermethylation in the cerebellum and hypomethylation in the putamen of PD patients compared with controls (Brain2 cohort). Finally, leukocyte methylation status was positively associated with blood vitamin E levels, and the effect was more significant in H2 haplotype carriers; this result was confirmed in cells that were exposed to 100 μM vitamin E. The significant effects of sex, diplotype, and brain region suggest that hypermethylation of the MAPT gene is neuroprotective by reducing MAPT expression. The effect of vitamin E on MAPT represents a possible gene-environment interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten G Coupland
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Rábano A, Cuadros R, Calero M, Hernández F, Avila J. Specific profile of tau isoforms in argyrophylic grain disease. J Exp Neurosci 2013; 7:51-9. [PMID: 25157208 PMCID: PMC4089774 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyrophylic grain disease (AGD) is a neurodegenerative condition that has been classified among the sporadic tauopathies. Entities in this group present intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau, giving rise to characteristic neuronal and glial inclusions. In different tauopathies, the proportion of several tau isoforms present in the aggregates shows specific patterns. AGD has been tentatively classified in the 4R group (predominance of 4R tau isoforms) together with progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Pick's disease is included in the 3R group (predominance of 3R isoforms), whereas tau pathology of Alzheimer's disease represents and intermediate group (3 or 4 repeats [3R plus 4R, respectively] isoforms). In this work, we have analyzed tau present in aggregates isolated from brain samples of patients with argyrophylic grain disease. Our results indicate that the main tau isoform present in aggregates obtained from patients with AGD is a hyperphosphorylated isoform containing exons 2 and 10 but lacking exon 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rábano
- Banco de Tejidos de la Fundación CIEN, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cuadros
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CNM-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Dobson-Stone C, Polly P, Korgaonkar MS, Williams LM, Gordon E, Schofield PR, Mather K, Armstrong NJ, Wen W, Sachdev PS, Kwok JBJ. GSK3B and MAPT polymorphisms are associated with grey matter and intracranial volume in healthy individuals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71750. [PMID: 23951236 PMCID: PMC3741177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau gene (MAPT) codes for a protein that plays an integral role in stabilisation of microtubules and axonal transport in neurons. As well as its role in susceptibility to neurodegeneration, previous studies have found an association between the MAPT haplotype and intracranial volume and regional grey matter volumes in healthy adults. The glycogen synthase kinase-3β gene (GSK3B) codes for a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates various proteins, including tau, and has also been associated with risk for neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenia. We examined the effects of MAPT and two functional promoter polymorphisms in GSK3B (rs3755557 and rs334558) on total grey matter and intracranial volume in three independent cohorts totaling 776 neurologically healthy individuals. In vitro analyses revealed a significant effect of rs3755557 on gene expression, and altered binding of at least two transcription factors, Octamer transcription factor 1 (Oct-1) and Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx-1), to the GSK3B promoter. Meta-analysis across the three cohorts revealed a significant effect of rs3755557 on total grey matter volume (summary B = 0.082, 95% confidence interval = 0.037–0.128) and intracranial volume (summary B = 0.113, 95% confidence interval = 0.082–0.144). No significant effect was observed for MAPT H1/H2 diplotype or GSK3B rs334558 on total grey matter or intracranial volume. Our genetic and biochemical analyses have identified a role for GSK3B in brain development, which could have important aetiological implications for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Dobson-Stone
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Patsie Polly
- Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Leanne M. Williams
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Brain Resource International Database, Brain Resource Ltd., Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and San Francisco, California
| | - Evian Gordon
- Brain Resource International Database, Brain Resource Ltd., Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and San Francisco, California
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pathology and Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Loss of vesicular dopamine release precedes tauopathy in degenerative dopaminergic neurons in a Drosophila model expressing human tau. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:711-25. [PMID: 23494099 PMCID: PMC3631315 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While a number of genome-wide association studies have identified microtubule-associated protein tau as a strong risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), little is known about the mechanism through which human tau can predispose an individual to this disease. Here, we demonstrate that expression of human wild-type tau is sufficient to disrupt the survival of dopaminergic neurons in a Drosophila model. Tau triggers a synaptic pathology visualized by vesicular monoamine transporter-pHGFP that precedes both the age-dependent formation of tau-containing neurofibrillary tangle-like pathology and the progressive loss of DA neurons, thereby recapitulating the pathological hallmarks of PD. Flies overexpressing tau also exhibit progressive impairments of both motor and learning behaviors. Surprisingly, contrary to common belief that hyperphosphorylated tau could aggravate toxicity, DA neuron degeneration is alleviated by expressing the modified, hyperphosphorylated tauE14. Together, these results show that impairment of VMAT-containing synaptic vesicle, released to synapses before overt tauopathy may be the underlying mechanism of tau-associated PD and suggest that correction or prevention of this deficit may be appropriate targets for early therapeutic intervention.
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43
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MAPT H1 haplotype is associated with enhanced α-synuclein deposition in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:936-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Variation in tau isoform expression in different brain regions and disease states. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1922.e7-1922.e12. [PMID: 23428180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common atypical parkinsonian disorder. Abnormal tau inclusions, in selected regions of the brain, are a hallmark of the disease and the H1 haplotype of MAPT, the gene encoding tau, is the major risk factor in PSP. A 3-repeat and 4-repeat (4R) tau isoform ratio imbalance has been strongly implicated as a cause of disease. Thus, understanding tau isoform regional expression in disease and pathology-free states is crucial to elucidating the mechanisms involved in PSP and other tauopathies. We used a tau isoform-specific fluorescent assay to investigate relative 4R-tau expression in 6 different brain regions in PSP cases and healthy control samples. We identified a marked difference in 4R-tau relative expression, across brain regions and between MAPT haplotypes. Highest 4R-tau expression levels were identified in the globus pallidus compared with pons, cerebellum, and frontal cortex. 4R-tau expression levels were related to the MAPT H1 and H1c haplotypes. Similar regional variation was seen in PSP case and in control samples.
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45
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Veo BL, Krushel LA. Secondary RNA structure and nucleotide specificity contribute to internal initiation mediated by the human tau 5' leader. RNA Biol 2012; 9:1344-60. [PMID: 22995835 DOI: 10.4161/rna.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which eukaryotic internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) initiate translation have not been well described. Viral IRESs utilize a combination of secondary/tertiary structure concomitant with sequence specific elements to initiate translation. Eukaryotic IRESs are proposed to utilize the same components, although it appears that short sequence specific elements are more common. In this report we perform an extensive analysis of the IRES in the human tau mRNA. We demonstrate that the tau IRES exhibits characteristics similar to viral IRESs. It contains two main structural domains that exhibit secondary interactions, which are essential for internal initiation. Moreover, the tau IRES is extremely sensitive to small nucleotide substitutions. Our data also indicates that the 40S ribosome is recruited to the middle of the IRES, but whether it scans to the initiation codon in a linear fashion is questioned. Overall, these results identify structural and sequence elements critical for tau IRES activity and consequently, provide a novel target to regulate tau protein expression in disease states including Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Veo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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46
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de Jong S, Chepelev I, Janson E, Strengman E, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, Ophoff RA. Common inversion polymorphism at 17q21.31 affects expression of multiple genes in tissue-specific manner. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:458. [PMID: 22950410 PMCID: PMC3582489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosome 17q21.31 contains a common inversion polymorphism of approximately 900 kb in populations with European ancestry. Two divergent MAPT haplotypes, H1 and H2 are described with distinct linkage disequilibrium patterns across the region reflecting the inversion status at this locus. The MAPT H1 haplotype has been associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, while the H2 is linked to recurrent deletion events associated with the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, a disease characterized by developmental delay and learning disability. Results In this study, we investigate the effect of the inversion on the expression of genes in the 17q21.31 region. We find the expression of several genes in and at the borders of the inversion to be affected; specific either to whole blood or different regions of the human brain. The H1 haplotype was found to be associated with an increased expression of LRRC37A4, PLEKH1M and MAPT. In contrast, a decreased expression of MGC57346, LRRC37A and CRHR1 was associated with H1. Conclusions Studies thus far have focused on the expression of MAPT in the inversion region. However, our results show that the inversion status affects expression of other genes in the 17q21.31 region as well. Given the link between the inversion status and different neurological diseases, these genes may also be involved in disease pathology, possibly in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Jong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht3584 CG, The Netherlands
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47
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The role of MAPT sequence variation in mechanisms of disease susceptibility. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 40:687-92. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20120063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT or tau) is of great interest in the field of neurodegeneration as there is a well-established genetic link between the MAPT gene locus and tauopathies, a diverse group of neurodegenerative dementias and movement disorders. The genomic architecture in the region spanning the MAPT locus contains a ~1.8 Mb block of linkage disequilibrium characterized by two major haplotypes: H1 and H2. Recent studies have established strong genetic association between the MAPT locus and neurodegenerative disease and uncovered haplotype-specific differences in expression and alternative splicing of MAPT transcripts. Integrating genetic association data and gene expression data to understand how non-coding genetic variation at a gene locus affects gene expression and leads to susceptibility to disease is a high priority in disease genetics, and the MAPT locus provides an excellent paradigm for this. In the absence of protein-coding changes caused by haplotype sequence variation, altered levels of protein expression or altered ratios of isoform expression are excellent candidate mechanisms to link the MAPT genetic disease association with biological function. The use of novel transgenic and endogenous genetic models are required to understand the role of MAPT sequence variation in mechanisms of disease susceptibility.
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48
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Prendergast JGD, Tong P, Hay DC, Farrington SM, Semple CAM. A genome-wide screen in human embryonic stem cells reveals novel sites of allele-specific histone modification associated with known disease loci. Epigenetics Chromatin 2012; 5:6. [PMID: 22607690 PMCID: PMC3438052 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin structure at a given site can differ between chromosome copies in a cell, and such imbalances in chromatin structure have been shown to be important in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling several disease loci. Human genetic variation, DNA methylation, and disease have been intensely studied, uncovering many sites of allele-specific DNA methylation (ASM). However, little is known about the genome-wide occurrence of sites of allele-specific histone modification (ASHM) and their relationship to human disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and characteristics of sites of ASHM in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). RESULTS Using a statistically rigorous protocol, we investigated the genomic distribution of ASHM in hESCs, and their relationship to sites of allele-specific expression (ASE) and DNA methylation. We found that, although they were rare, sites of ASHM were substantially enriched at loci displaying ASE. Many were also found at known imprinted regions, hence sites of ASHM are likely to be better markers of imprinted regions than sites of ASM. We also found that sites of ASHM and ASE in hESCs colocalize at risk loci for developmental syndromes mediated by deletions, providing insights into the etiology of these disorders. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the potential importance of ASHM patterns in the interpretation of disease loci, and the protocol described provides a basis for similar studies of ASHM in other cell types to further our understanding of human disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G D Prendergast
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, , Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pin Tong
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, , Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Colin A M Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, , Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Elliott DA, Kim WS, Gorissen S, Halliday GM, Kwok JBJ. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and alternative splicing in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 27:1004-11. [PMID: 22528366 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated with pleiomorphic neuropathology. We hypothesize that LRRK2 mediates its pathogenic effect through alternative splicing of neurodegeneration genes. Methods used in this study included western blotting analysis of subcellular protein fractions, exon-array analysis of RNA from cultured neuroblastoma cells transfected with LRRK2 expression vectors, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of RNA from cultured cells and postmortem tissue. Overexpression of the LRRK2 G2019S mutant resulted in a significant (2.6-fold; P = 0.020) decrease in nuclear transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 levels. Exon-array analyses revealed that wild-type LRRK2 had a significant effect on the expression of genes with nuclear (P < 10(-22) ) and cell-cycle functions (P < 10(-15) ). We replicated changes in gene expression in 30% of selected genes by quantitative RT-PCR. Overexpression of LRRK2 resulted in the altered splicing of two genes associated with PD, with an increased inclusion of exon 10 of microtubule-associated protein tau (1.7-fold; P = 0.001) and exon 5 of the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene (1.6-fold; P =0.005). Moreover, overexpression of LRRK2 (G2019S) and two mutant genes associated with neurodegeneration, TARDBP (M337V) and FUS (R521H), were associated with decreased inclusion out of the dystonin (DST) 1e precursor exons in SK-N-MC cells. Altered splicing of SNCA (1.9-fold; P < 0.001) and DST genes (log(2) 2.3-fold; P = 0.005) was observed in a cohort of PD, compared with neurologically healthy, brains. This suggests that aberrant RNA metabolism is an important contributor to idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Elliott
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St., Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
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Wider C, Ross OA, Nishioka K, Heckman MG, Vilariño-Güell C, Jasinska-Myga B, Erketin-Taner N, Rademakers R, Graff-Radford NR, Mash DC, Papapetropoulos S, Duara R, Uchikado H, Wszolek ZK, Farrer MJ, Dickson DW. An evaluation of the impact of MAPT, SNCA and APOE on the burden of Alzheimer's and Lewy body pathology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83:424-9. [PMID: 22291217 PMCID: PMC3623699 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study investigates the effects of genetic factors on the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body (LB) diseases, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. METHODS A multicentre autopsy series (762 brain samples) with AD, LB or vascular pathology was examined. The effects of the tau gene (MAPT) H1 haplotype, the H1 specific SNP rs242557, APOE and the α-synuclein gene (SNCA) 3'UTR SNP rs356165 on the burden of AD and LB pathology were assessed. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were counted in four brain regions, senile plaques in five and LBs in four. Braak NFT stage, brain weight and presence of vascular pathology were also documented. RESULTS MAPT H1 associated with lower counts of NFTs in the middle frontal (p<0.001) and inferior parietal (p=0.005) cortices, and also with lower counts of senile plaques in the motor cortex (p=0.001). Associations of MAPT H1 with increased LB counts in the middle frontal cortex (p=0.011) and inferior parietal cortex (p=0.033) were observed but were not significant after multiple testing adjustment. The APOE ε4 allele was strongly associated with overall Alzheimer type pathology (all p≤0.001). SNCA rs356165 and the MAPT H1 specific SNP rs242557 did not associate with AD or LB pathology. CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time that MAPT H1 is associated with reduced Alzheimer type pathology which could have important implications for the understanding of disease mechanisms and their genetic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wider
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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