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Jaén C, Maute C, Mackin S, Camacho MR, Truran D, Nosheny R, Weiner MW, Dalton P. Remote olfactory assessment using the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification test and the brain health registry. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301264. [PMID: 38635771 PMCID: PMC11025917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of deficits in our ability to perceive odors is important as many normal (i.e., aging) and pathological (i.e., sinusitis, viral, neurodegeneration) processes can result in diminished olfactory function. To realistically enable population-level measurements of olfaction, validated olfaction tests must be capable of being administered outside the research laboratory and clinical setting. AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of remotely testing olfactory performance using a test that was developed with funding from the National Institutes of Health as part of a ready-to-use, non-proprietary set of measurements useful for epidemiologic studies (NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible participants older than 39 years and active (within 6 months) in the Brain Health Registry (BHR), an online cognitive assessment platform which connects participants with researchers, were recruited for this study. Interested participants were mailed the NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test along with instructions on accessing a website to record their responses. Data obtained from subjects who performed the test at home was compared to the normative data collected when the NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test was administered by a tester in a research setting and validated against the Smell Identification Test. The age-range and composition of the population ensured we had the ability to observe both age-related decline and gender-related deficits in olfactory ability, as shown in the experimental setting. RESULTS We observed that age-associated olfactory decline and gender-associated performance was comparable to performance on the administered test. Self-administration of this test showed the age-related loss in olfactory acuity, F(4, 1156)=14.564, p<.0001 as well as higher accuracy for women compared to men after controlling for participants' age, F(1, 1160) = 22.953, p <.0001. The effect size calculated as Hedge's g, was 0.41. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test is an appropriate instrument for self-administered assessment of olfactory performance. The ability to self-administer an inexpensive olfactory test increases its utility for inclusion in longitudinal epidemiological studies and when in-person testing is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jaén
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher Maute
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Scott Mackin
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Monica R. Camacho
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Diana Truran
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Nosheny
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pamela Dalton
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Marrie RA, Maxwell CJ, Rotstein DL, Tsai CC, Tremlett H. Prodromes in demyelinating disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer's dementia. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:125-140. [PMID: 37567819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A prodrome is an early set of symptoms, which indicates the onset of a disease; these symptoms are often non-specific. Prodromal phases are now recognized in multiple central nervous system diseases. The depth of understanding of the prodromal phase varies across diseases, being more nascent for multiple sclerosis for example, than for Parkinson disease or Alzheimer's disease. Key challenges when identifying the prodromal phase of a disease include the lack of specificity of prodromal symptoms, and consequent need for accessible and informative biomarkers. Further, heterogeneity of the prodromal phase may be influenced by age, sex, genetics and other poorly understood factors. Nonetheless, recognition that an individual is in the prodromal phase of disease offers the opportunity for earlier diagnosis and with it the opportunity for earlier intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Marrie
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max-Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - C J Maxwell
- Schools of Pharmacy and Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D L Rotstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6, Queen's Park Crescent West, 3rd floor, M5S 3H2 Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Saint-Michael's Hospital, 30, Bond Street, M5B 1W8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C-C Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Tremlett
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Casciano F, Zauli E, Celeghini C, Caruso L, Gonelli A, Zauli G, Pignatelli A. Retinal Alterations Predict Early Prodromal Signs of Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1689. [PMID: 38338966 PMCID: PMC10855697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are an increasingly common group of diseases that occur late in life with a significant impact on personal, family, and economic life. Among these, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the major disorders that lead to mild to severe cognitive and physical impairment and dementia. Interestingly, those diseases may show onset of prodromal symptoms early after middle age. Commonly, the evaluation of these neurodegenerative diseases is based on the detection of biomarkers, where functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown a central role in revealing early or prodromal phases, although it can be expensive, time-consuming, and not always available. The aforementioned diseases have a common impact on the visual system due to the pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the eye and the brain. In Parkinson's disease, α-synuclein deposition in the retinal cells, as well as in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, alters the visual cortex and retinal function, resulting in modifications to the visual field. Similarly, the visual cortex is modified by the neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic amyloid β plaques typically seen in the Alzheimer's disease brain, and this may reflect the accumulation of these biomarkers in the retina during the early stages of the disease, as seen in postmortem retinas of AD patients. In this light, the ophthalmic evaluation of retinal neurodegeneration could become a cost-effective method for the early diagnosis of those diseases, overcoming the limitations of functional and structural imaging of the deep brain. This analysis is commonly used in ophthalmic practice, and interest in it has risen in recent years. This review will discuss the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with retinal degeneration, highlighting how retinal analysis may represent a noninvasive and straightforward method for the early diagnosis of these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela Pignatelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
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Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sullivan P, Lopez G, Gelsomino J, Moore S, Isonaka R, Wu T, Sharabi Y. Cardiac noradrenergic deficiency revealed by 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography identifies preclinical central Lewy body diseases. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172460. [PMID: 37883190 PMCID: PMC10760969 DOI: 10.1172/jci172460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Lewy body diseases (LBDs) Parkinson disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), by the time parkinsonism or cognitive dysfunction manifests clinically, substantial neurodegeneration has already occurred. Biomarkers are needed to identify central LBDs in a preclinical phase, when neurorescue strategies might forestall symptomatic disease. This phase may involve catecholamine deficiency in the autonomic nervous system. We analyzed data from the prospective, observational, long-term PDRisk study to assess the predictive value of low versus normal cardiac 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography (PET), an index of myocardial content of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, in at-risk individuals. METHODS Participants self-reported risk factor information (genetics, olfactory dysfunction, dream enactment behavior, and orthostatic intolerance or hypotension) at a protocol-specific website. Thirty-four with 3 or more confirmed risk factors underwent serial cardiac 18F-dopamine PET at 1.5-year intervals for up to 7.5 years or until PD was diagnosed. RESULTS Nine participants had low initial myocardial 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity (<6,000 nCi-kg/cc-mCi) and 25 had normal radioactivity. At 7 years of follow-up, 8 of 9 with low initial radioactivity and 1 of 11 with normal radioactivity were diagnosed with a central LBD (LBD+) (P = 0.0009 by Fisher's exact test). Conversely, all 9 LBD+ participants had low 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity before or at the time of diagnosis of a central LBD, whereas among 25 participants without a central LBD only 1 (4%) had persistently low radioactivity (P < 0.0001 by Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION Cardiac 18F-dopamine PET highly efficiently distinguishes at-risk individuals who are diagnosed subsequently with a central LBD from those who are not. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT00775853. FUNDING Division of Intramural Research, NIH, NINDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
| | - Courtney Holmes
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
| | - Patti Sullivan
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, and
| | - Janna Gelsomino
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
| | - Sarah Moore
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
| | - Tianxia Wu
- Clinical Trials Unit, Office of the Clinical Director, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Clement G, Cavillon G, Vuillier F, Bouhaddi M, Béreau M. Unveiling autonomic failure in synucleinopathies: Significance in diagnosis and treatment. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:79-93. [PMID: 38216420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Autonomic failure is frequently encountered in synucleinopathies such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's disease (PD), Lewy body disease, and pure autonomic failure (PAF). Cardiovascular autonomic failure affects quality of life and can be life threatening due to the risk of falls and the increased incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. In PD and PAF, pathogenic involvement is mainly post-ganglionic, while in MSA, the involvement is mainly pre-ganglionic. Cardiovascular tests exploring the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are based on the analysis of continuous, non-invasive recordings of heart rate and digital blood pressure (BP). They assess facets of sympathetic and parasympathetic activities and provide indications on the integrity of the baroreflex arc. The tilt test is widely used in clinical practice. It can be combined with catecholamine level measurement and analysis of baroreflex activity and cardiac variability for a detailed analysis of cardiovascular damage. MIBG myocardial scintigraphy is the most sensitive test for early detection of autonomic dysfunction. It provides a useful measure of post-ganglionic sympathetic fiber integrity and function and is therefore an effective tool for distinguishing PD from other parkinsonian syndromes such as MSA. Autonomic cardiovascular investigations differentiate between certain parkinsonian syndromes that would otherwise be difficult to segregate, particularly in the early stages of the disease. Exploring autonomic failure by gathering information about residual sympathetic tone, low plasma norepinephrine levels, and supine hypertension can guide therapeutic management of orthostatic hypotension (OH).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Clement
- Service de neurologie électrophysiologie clinique, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France; Centre expert Parkinson, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
| | - G Cavillon
- Service de neurologie électrophysiologie clinique, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France; Centre expert Parkinson, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - F Vuillier
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, UFR santé, université de Franche-Comté, 19, rue Ambroise-Paré, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - M Bouhaddi
- Laboratoire de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - M Béreau
- Service de neurologie électrophysiologie clinique, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France; Centre expert Parkinson, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
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El Otmani H, Daghi M, Maghfour M, Haddouali K, Bellakhdar S, El Moutawakil B, Tahiri Jouti N, Rafai MA. RBD and hyposmia in Moroccan patients with a synucleinopathy: prevalence and the timing of occurrence in a large cohort. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2229-2233. [PMID: 37046132 PMCID: PMC10096100 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) and hyposmia are common in synucleinopathies and they tend to occur in connection to the prodromal development of these disorders. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of RBD and hyposmia and the timeline of their occurrence in a large cohort of Moroccan patients. METHODS We recruited 774 consecutive patients with synucleinopathy and tauopathy at Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca. A group of 100 healthy controls was also recruited. We relied on a questionnaire to collect general characteristics and clinical data filled by the patient and his companion under the supervision of a qualified health professional. RESULTS The study included 697 patients with PD, 37 with DLB and 40 had a tauopathy disorder (PSP or CBD). The proportion of patients who have RBD was 52% in PD, 100% in DLB, 0% in tauopathies and 12% among healthy controls. Hyposmia symptom was found in 47% of patients with PD, 68% in patients with DLB, 0% in tauopathy patients and in 10% of healthy controls. Moreover, 46% of PD patients and 75% of DLB patients developed RBD during the prodromal phase. Meanwhile, hyposmia occurred in association with the prodromal phase among 67% of PD cases and 85% of DLB patients. CONCLUSION RBD and hyposmia are both prevalent among Moroccan patients with synucleinopathy and they occur frequently during the prodromal phase. Identifying these premotor signs will improve early and differential diagnosis and enhance our understanding of how a specific synucleinopathy progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Otmani
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory, Degenerative and Oncologic Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Daghi
- Research Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosensory Disorders & Disability, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Manal Maghfour
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kamal Haddouali
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salma Bellakhdar
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Moutawakil
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia Tahiri Jouti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory, Degenerative and Oncologic Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Abdoh Rafai
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
- Research Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosensory Disorders & Disability, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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Woo KA, Kim H, Yoon EJ, Shin JH, Nam H, Jeon B, Kim YK, Lee J. Brain olfactory-related atrophy in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2192-2207. [PMID: 37743764 PMCID: PMC10723229 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate structural and functional connectivity changes in brain olfactory-related structures in a longitudinal prospective cohort of isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and their clinical correlations, longitudinal evolution, and predictive values for phenoconversion to overt synucleinopathies, especially Lewy body diseases. METHODS The cohort included polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients and controls. Participants underwent baseline assessments including olfactory tests, neuropsychological evaluations, the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, 3T brain MRI, and 18 F-FP-CIT PET scans. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to identify regions of atrophy in iRBD, and volumes of relevant olfactory-related regions of interest (ROI) were estimated. Subgroups of patients underwent repeated volumetric MRI and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scans after four years. RESULTS A total of 51 iRBD patients were included, with 20 of them converting to synucleinopathy (mean time to conversion 3.08 years). Baseline VBM analysis revealed atrophy in the right olfactory cortex and gyrus rectus in iRBD. Subsequent ROI comparisons with controls showed atrophy in the amygdala. These olfactory-related atrophies tended to be associated with worse depression, anxiety, and urinary problems in iRBD. Amygdala 18 F-FP-CIT uptake tended to be reduced in iRBD patients with hyposmia (nonsignificant after multiple comparison correction) and correlated with urinary problems. Resting-state fMRI of 23 patients and 32 controls revealed multiple clusters with aberrant olfactory-related functional connectivity. Hypoconnectivity between the putamen and olfactory cortex was associated with mild parkinsonian signs in iRBD. Longitudinal analysis of volumetric volumetric MRI in 22 iRBD patients demonstrated four-year progression of olfactory-related atrophy. Cox regression analysis revealed that this atrophy significantly predicted phenoconversion. INTERPRETATION Progressive atrophy of central olfactory structures may be a potential indicator of Lewy body disease progression in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Woo
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoon
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Memory Network Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Shin
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Nam
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jee‐Young Lee
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Lai H, Li XY, Xu F, Zhu J, Li X, Song Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang C. Applications of Machine Learning to Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1546. [PMID: 38002506 PMCID: PMC10670005 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging due to its diverse manifestations. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can improve diagnostic precision, but their generalizability across medical centers in China is underexplored. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of an ML algorithm for PD diagnosis, trained and tested on data from different medical centers in China. METHODS A total of 1656 participants were included, with 1028 from Beijing (training set) and 628 from Fuzhou (external validation set). Models were trained using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-logistic regression (LASSO-LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGboost), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) techniques. Hyperparameters were optimized using five-fold cross-validation and grid search techniques. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, accuracy, sensitivity (recall), specificity, precision, and F1 score. Variable importance was assessed for all models. RESULTS SVM demonstrated the best differentiation between healthy controls (HCs) and PD patients (AUC: 0.928, 95% CI: 0.908-0.947; accuracy: 0.844, 95% CI: 0.814-0.871; sensitivity: 0.826, 95% CI: 0.786-0.866; specificity: 0.861, 95% CI: 0.820-0.898; precision: 0.849, 95% CI: 0.807-0.891; F1 score: 0.837, 95% CI: 0.803-0.868) in the validation set. Constipation, olfactory decline, and daytime somnolence significantly influenced predictability. CONCLUSION We identified multiple pivotal variables and SVM as a precise and clinician-friendly ML algorithm for prediction of PD in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Fanxi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Junge Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xianlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhanjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; (H.L.); (X.-Y.L.); (F.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (X.W.); (Z.W.)
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Brand G, Bontempi C, Jacquot L. Impact of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on olfaction in Parkinson's disease: Clinical features and functional hypotheses. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:947-954. [PMID: 37301657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical therapy typically applied in Parkinson's disease (PD). The efficacity of DBS on the control of motor symptoms in PD is well grounded while the efficacity on non-motor symptoms is more controversial, especially on olfactory disorders (ODs). The present review shows that DBS does not improve hyposmia but can affect positively identification/discrimination scores in PD. The functional hypotheses suggest complex mechanisms in terms of cerebral connectivity and neurogenesis process which could act indirectly on the olfactory bulb and olfactory pathways related to specific cognitive olfactory tasks. The functional hypotheses also suggest complex mechanisms of cholinergic neurotransmitter interactions involved in these pathways. Finally, the impact of DBS on general cognitive functions in PD could also be beneficial to identification/discrimination tasks in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brand
- Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
| | - C Bontempi
- Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - L Jacquot
- Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
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10
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Xu X, Kong W, Geng L, Chen C, Yang H, Bian W, Chen S, Xu R, Liang J, Sun L. Association between cognitive impairment and olfactory deficits in systemic lupus erythematosus without major neuropsychiatric syndromes. Lupus 2023; 32:1245-1257. [PMID: 37700453 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231201278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the utility of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), evaluate cognitive deficits in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and examine the relationship between cognitive and olfactory functions. METHODS 55 SLE patients and 50 healthy controls were administered by RBANS including five indexes: immediate memory (IMME), visuospatial/constructional (Vis/Con), language (LANG), attention (ATT), and delayed memory (DEME). Olfactory functions were evaluated by computerized testing including three stages of smell: threshold (THR), identification (ID), and memory (ME) of different odors. The disease activity and cumulative damage were assessed by the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Damage Index (SDI). RESULTS SLE patients exhibited significant lower total RBANS scores, IMME, Vis/Con, ATT, and DEME index scores than healthy controls (p < 0.01 for all and p = 0.027 for attention). Reduced RBANS scores were associated with several organ involvement and autoantibodies. SLE patients with higher SLEDAI-2K scores or with accumulated damage (SDI≥1) showed decreased RBANS scores. All the olfactory scores in SLE patients were significantly decreased than controls (p = 0.001). Patients had higher proportion of anosmia (8.57% vs 0%) and hyposmia (28.58% vs 5.72%) than controls (χ2 = 10.533, p = 0.015). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that olfactory functions had a positive effect on RBANS index scores. Olfactory memory and total scores were significantly correlated with the DEME (r = 0.393, p = 0.021) and total scores (r = 0.429, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION This study indicates that significantly cognitive and olfactory functions are impaired in SLE patients. The RBANS is a potentially useful instrument for evaluating neuropsychological status in SLE. Physicians are encouraged to perform routine screening in SLE patients to detect subtle cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Linyu Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjuan Bian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Renju Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Kwak IY, Kim KS, Min HJ. Gustatory dysfunction is related to Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1949-1957. [PMID: 36934313 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction has been reported to be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, gustatory dysfunction in PD has not been evaluated as in-depth as olfactory dysfunction. We reviewed the previously published studies regarding gustatory function in PD patients and suggested the possibility that gustatory dysfunction may also be associated with PD. METHODS MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched for studies evaluating gustatory function in PD patients. We used the standardized mean difference and a 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect analysis index regarding the taste strip test. The relative risk and 95% CI were used as the effect analysis index for the questionnaires and propylthiouracil (PTU)/phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) perception test. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots, Cochran's Q, and the I2 statistic; heterogeneity was considered high when I2 was over 75%. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and the Egger bias test. RESULTS We identified 19 articles that reported the results of gustatory function tests in PD patients and healthy controls. Most of these studies used various gustatory tests, including taste strips, questionnaires, taste solutions, PTU/PTC perception tests, and electrogustometry, and reported significantly lower gustatory function in PD patients than in the controls. However, several articles reported contradictory results. CONCLUSIONS Based on these studies, gustatory dysfunction is closely related to PD. However, the number of studies and enrolled subjects was small, and a unified gustatory function test was lacking. Therefore, further studies with larger populations and normalized gustatory function tests are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Youp Kwak
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Li Z, Lin D, Xu X, Liu X, Zhang J, Huang K, Wang F, Liu J, Zhang Z, Tao E. Central nervous system complications in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. J Neurol 2023; 270:4617-4631. [PMID: 37573554 PMCID: PMC10511589 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19-associated central nervous system (CNS) complications. METHODS In this single-centre observation study, we recruited patients with COVID-19-associated CNS complications at the neurology inpatient department of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen) from Dec 2022 to Feb 2023. Patients were analysed for demographics, clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid properties, electroencephalographic features, neuroimaging characteristics, and treatment outcome. All patients were followed-up at 1 and 2 months after discharge until Apr 2023. RESULTS Of the 12 patients with COVID-19-associated CNS complications, the CNS symptoms occur between 0 days and 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common CNS symptoms were memory deficits (4/12, 33%), Unresponsiveness (4/12, 33%), mental and behavioural disorders (4/12, 33%). Seven of 12 cases can be categorized as probable SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis, and 5 cases can be described as brainstem encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis or tremor probably associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Six patients received antiviral therapy, and 11 patients received glucocorticoid therapy, of which 3 patients received human immunoglobulin synchronously. Nine patients recovered well, two patients had residual neurological dysfunction, and one patient passed away from complications associated with tumor. CONCLUSION In this observational study, we found that the inflammatory or immune-related complications were relatively common manifestations of COVID-19-associated CNS complications, including different phenotypes of encephalitis and CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Most patients recovered well, but a few patients had significant neurological dysfunctions remaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Danyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaixun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiyifan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
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Hosseini M, Borhani-Haghighi A, Petramfar P, Foroughi AA, Ostovan VR, Nami M. Evaluating cognitive impairment in the early stages of Parkinson's disease using the Cambridge brain sciences-cognitive platform. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 232:107866. [PMID: 37413872 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-motor symptoms (NMS) such as cognitive impairment are among common presentations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In parallel with motor symptoms, these impediments can affect PD patients' quality of life. However, cognitive impairment has received less attention in early PD. On the other hand, the relationship between olfactory symptoms and cognitive impairment is unclear in early PD. Considering the importance of accurate and timely assessment of cognitive function in PD patients using readily available/validated tests, this study has employed the Cambridge Brain Sciences-Cognitive Platform (CBS-CP) as a computer-based tool to assess cognitive presentations in early PD patients. METHODS Thirty-four eligible males and females were assigned to PD and healthy controls (HCs). The cognitive performance was assessed using CBS-CP and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and olfactory function was measured through the standardized olfactory Quick Smell test (QST). RESULTS PD patients had poorer performance in all CBS-CP tasks, including short-term memory, attention, and reasoning domains than HCs. Meanwhile, the verbal domain task scores showed no significant difference between groups. PD MMSE results were in the normal range (mean=26.96), although there was a significant difference between the PD and HCs groups (P = 0.000). Our results revealed no correlation between cognitive impairment and olfactory function in PD patients. CONCLUSION Given the widely studied features of CBS-CP and its reliability across published evidence, CBS-CP appears to be a suitable measurement to evaluate cognitive impairment in early PD with normal MMSE scores. It seems cognitive and olfactory impairments are independent in early PD. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; DANA Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Petramfar
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Abolhasani Foroughi
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Ostovan
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nami
- DANA Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Branch, Shiraz, Iran; Cognitive Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Social Sciences, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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Liu Z, Lemus J, Smirnova IV, Liu W. Rehabilitation for non-motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson's disease from an α-synuclein perspective: a narrative review. EXPLORATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY 2023; 3:235-257. [PMID: 37920444 PMCID: PMC10621781 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting aged population around the world. PD is characterized by neuronal Lewy bodies present in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the loss of dopaminergic neurons with various motor and non-motor symptoms associated with the disease. The protein α-synuclein has been extensively studied for its contribution to PD pathology, as α-synuclein aggregates form the major component of Lewy bodies, a hallmark of PD. In this narrative review, the authors first focus on a brief explanation of α-synuclein aggregation and circumstances under which aggregation can occur, then present a hypothesis for PD pathogenesis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and how PD can spread to the central nervous system from the PNS via the transport of α-synuclein aggregates. This article presents arguments both for and against this hypothesis. It also presents various non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches and management techniques for both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and the related pathology. This review seeks to examine a possible hypothesis of PD pathogenesis and points to a new research direction focus on rehabilitation therapy for patients with PD. As various non-motor symptoms of PD appear to occur earlier than motor symptoms, more focus on the treatment of non-motor symptoms as well as a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms behind those non-motor symptoms may lead to better long-term outcomes for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jessica Lemus
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Irina V. Smirnova
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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15
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Langley J, Hwang KS, Huddleston DE, Hu XP. Nigral volume loss in prodromal, early, and moderate Parkinson's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.19.23294281. [PMID: 37645770 PMCID: PMC10462207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.23294281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The loss of melanized neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is a hallmark pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). Melanized neurons in SNc can be visualized in vivo using magnetization transfer (MT) effects. Nigral volume was extracted in data acquired with a MT-prepared gradient echo sequence in 33 controls, 83 non-manifest carriers (42 LRRK2 and 41 GBA nonmanifest carriers), 65 prodromal hyposmic participants, 105 de novo PD patients and 26 48-month PD patients from the Parkinson's Progressive Markers Initiative. No difference in nigral volume was seen between controls and LRRK2 and GBA non-manifest carriers (F=0.076; P=0.927). A significant main effect in group was observed between controls, prodromal hyposmic participants, and overt PD patients (F=5.192; P=0.002). Longer disease duration significantly correlated with lower nigral volume (r=-0.252; P=0.010). This study shows that nigral depigmentation can be robustly detected in prodromal hyposmic participants and overt PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Langley
- Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kristy S. Hwang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoping P. Hu
- Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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16
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Woo CC, Miranda B, Sathishkumar M, Dehkordi-Vakil F, Yassa MA, Leon M. Overnight olfactory enrichment using an odorant diffuser improves memory and modifies the uncinate fasciculus in older adults. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200448. [PMID: 37554295 PMCID: PMC10405466 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive loss in older adults is a growing issue in our society, and there is a need to develop inexpensive, simple, effective in-home treatments. This study was conducted to explore the use of olfactory enrichment at night to improve cognitive ability in healthy older adults. METHODS Male and female older adults (N = 43), age 60-85, were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to an Olfactory Enriched or Control group. Individuals in the enriched group were exposed to 7 different odorants a week, one per night, for 2 h, using an odorant diffuser. Individuals in the control group had the same experience with de minimis amounts of odorant. Neuropsychological assessments and fMRI scans were administered at the beginning of the study and after 6 months. RESULTS A statistically significant 226% improvement was observed in the enriched group compared to the control group on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and improved functioning was observed in the left uncinate fasciculus, as assessed by mean diffusivity. CONCLUSION Minimal olfactory enrichment administered at night produces improvements in both cognitive and neural functioning. Thus, olfactory enrichment may provide an effective and low-effort pathway to improved brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C. Woo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Blake Miranda
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mithra Sathishkumar
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael A. Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michael Leon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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17
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Vaswani PA, Morley JF, Jennings D, Siderowf A, Marek K. Predictive value of abbreviated olfactory tests in prodromal Parkinson disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:103. [PMID: 37386033 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is disagreement in the literature whether olfaction may show specific impairments in Parkinson Disease (PD) and if olfactory tests comprised of selected odors could be more specific for diagnosis. We sought to validate previously proposed subsets of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) odors for predicting conversion to PD in an independent, prodromal cohort. Conversion to PD was assessed in 229 participants in the Parkinson At Risk Study who completed baseline olfactory testing with the UPSIT and up to 12 years of clinical and imaging evaluations. No commercially available or proposed subset performed better than the full 40-item UPSIT. The proposed "PD-specific" subsets also did not perform better than expected by chance. We did not find evidence for selective olfactory impairment in Parkinson disease. Shorter odor identification tests, including commercially available 10-12 item tests, may have utility for ease of use and cost, but not for superior predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan A Vaswani
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - James F Morley
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danna Jennings
- The Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- The Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
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Fuchigami T, Itokazu Y, Morgan JC, Yu RK. Restoration of Adult Neurogenesis by Intranasal Administration of Gangliosides GD3 and GM1 in The Olfactory Bulb of A53T Alpha-Synuclein-Expressing Parkinson's-Disease Model Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3329-3344. [PMID: 36849668 PMCID: PMC10140382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the body and mind of millions of people in the world. As PD progresses, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor worsen. These motor symptoms are associated with the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD is also associated with non-motor symptoms, including loss of smell (hyposmia), sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms is in part due to olfactory and hippocampal dysfunctions. These non-motor functions are suggested to be linked with adult neurogenesis. We have reported that ganglioside GD3 is required to maintain the neural stem cell (NSC) pool in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. In this study, we used nasal infusion of GD3 to restore impaired neurogenesis in A53T alpha-synuclein-expressing mice (A53T mice). Intriguingly, intranasal GD3 administration rescued the number of bromodeoxyuridine + (BrdU +)/Sox2 + NSCs in the SVZ. Furthermore, the administration of gangliosides GD3 and GM1 increases doublecortin (DCX)-expressing immature neurons in the olfactory bulb, and nasal ganglioside administration recovered the neuronal populations in the periglomerular layer of A53T mice. Given the relevance of decreased ganglioside on olfactory impairment, we discovered that GD3 has an essential role in olfactory functions. Our results demonstrated that intranasal GD3 infusion restored the self-renewal ability of the NSCs, and intranasal GM1 infusion promoted neurogenesis in the adult brain. Using a combination of GD3 and GM1 has the potential to slow down disease progression and rescue dysfunctional neurons in neurodegenerative brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - John C Morgan
- Movement Disorders Program, Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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19
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Askari H, Rabiei F, Lohrasbi F, Ghadir S, Ghasemi-Kasman M. The Latest Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of COVID-19 on Non-Lung Organs. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030415. [PMID: 36979225 PMCID: PMC10046222 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the transmission pathways of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will aid in developing effective therapies directed at the virus’s life cycle or its side effects. While severe respiratory distress is the most common symptom of a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the virus is also known to cause damage to almost every major organ and system in the body. However, it is not obvious whether pathological changes in extra-respiratory organs are caused by direct infection, indirect, or combination of these effects. In this narrative review, we first elaborate on the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, followed by the mechanisms of this virus on various organs such as brain, eye, and olfactory nerve and different systems such as the endocrine and gastrointestinal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Askari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rabiei
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Lohrasbi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
| | - Sara Ghadir
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +98-11-32190557
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20
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Marras C, Alcalay RN, Siderowf A, Postuma RB. Challenges in the study of individuals at risk for Parkinson disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:219-229. [PMID: 36796944 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Identifying individuals at high risk for developing neurodegenerative disease opens the possibility of conducting clinical trials that intervene at an earlier stage of neurodegeneration than has been possible to date, and in doing so hopefully improves the odds of efficacy for interventions aimed at slowing or stopping the disease process. The long prodromal phase of Parkinson disease presents opportunities and challenges to establishing cohorts of at-risk individuals. Recruiting people with genetic variants conferring increased risk and people with REM sleep behavior disorder currently constitutes the most promising strategies, but multistage screening of the general population may also be feasible capitalizing on known risk factors and prodromal features. This chapter discusses the challenges involved in identifying, recruiting, and retaining these individuals, and provides insights into possible solutions using examples from studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Marras
- The Edmond J Safra Program in PD, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Division of Movement Disorders, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Lucas-Jiménez O, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Diez I, Peña J, Tijero B, Galdós M, Murueta-Goyena A, Del Pino R, Acera M, Gómez-Esteban JC, Gabilondo I, Ojeda N. Brain Degeneration in Synucleinopathies Based on Analysis of Cognition and Other Nonmotor Features: A Multimodal Imaging Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020573. [PMID: 36831109 PMCID: PMC9953265 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to characterize subtypes of synucleinopathies using a clustering approach based on cognitive and other nonmotor data and to explore structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain differences between identified clusters. METHODS Sixty-two patients (n = 6 E46K-SNCA, n = 8 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and n = 48 idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD)) and 37 normal controls underwent nonmotor evaluation with extensive cognitive assessment. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed on patients' samples based on nonmotor variables. T1, diffusion-weighted, and resting-state functional MRI data were acquired. Whole-brain comparisons were performed. RESULTS HCA revealed two subtypes, the mild subtype (n = 29) and the severe subtype (n = 33). The mild subtype patients were slightly impaired in some nonmotor domains (fatigue, depression, olfaction, and orthostatic hypotension) with no detectable cognitive impairment; the severe subtype patients (PD patients, all DLB, and the symptomatic E46K-SNCA carriers) were severely impaired in motor and nonmotor domains with marked cognitive, visual and bradykinesia alterations. Multimodal MRI analyses suggested that the severe subtype exhibits widespread brain alterations in both structure and function, whereas the mild subtype shows relatively mild disruptions in occipital brain structure and function. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential value of incorporating an extensive nonmotor evaluation to characterize specific clinical patterns and brain degeneration patterns of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Lucas-Jiménez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +34-944-139000 (ext. 3231)
| | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ibai Diez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114-1107, USA
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tijero
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Marta Galdós
- Ophthalmology Department, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rocío Del Pino
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Marian Acera
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñigo Gabilondo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
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22
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Zhang D, Yao J, Sun J, Tong Q, Zhu S, Wang J, Chen L, Ma J, He H, Wu T. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Free Water Imaging of Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2469-2478. [PMID: 36404557 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of imaging methods to detect iron content in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and free water imaging in the posterior substantia nigra (pSN) has the potential to be imaging markers for the detection of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the discriminative power of above methods, and whether the combination can improve the diagnostic potential of PD. METHODS Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and diffusion-weighted data were obtained from 41 healthy controls (HC), 37 patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and 65 patients with PD. Mean QSM values of bilateral SNc and mean isotropic volume fraction (Viso) values of bilateral pSN (mean QSM|Viso values of bilateral SNc|pSN) were separately calculated and compared among the groups. RESULTS Mean QSM|Viso values of bilateral SNc|pSN were significantly higher for RBD and PD patients compared to HC and were significantly higher in PD patients than in RBD patients. The power of the mean QSM|Viso values of bilateral SNc|pSN and combined mean QSM and Viso values was 0.873, 0.870, and 0.961 in discriminating PD and HC, 0.779, 0.719, and 0.864 in discriminating RBD from HC, 0.634, 0.636, and 0.689 in discriminating PD and RBD patients. CONCLUSION QSM and free water imaging have similar discriminative power in the detection of prodromal and clinical PD, while combination of these two methods increases discriminative power. Our findings suggest that the combination of QSM and free water imaging has the potential to become an imaging marker for the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junye Yao
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyan Sun
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Tong
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Silei Zhu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junling Wang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjian He
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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23
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Rath TJ, Policeni B, Juliano AF, Agarwal M, Block AM, Burns J, Conley DB, Crowley RW, Dubey P, Friedman ER, Gule-Monroe MK, Hagiwara M, Hunt CH, Jain V, Powers WJ, Rosenow JM, Taheri MR, DuChene Thoma K, Zander D, Corey AS. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Cranial Neuropathy: 2022 Update. J Am Coll Radiol 2022; 19:S266-S303. [PMID: 36436957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cranial neuropathy can result from pathology affecting the nerve fibers at any point and requires imaging of the entire course of the nerve from its nucleus to the end organ in order to identify a cause. MRI with and without intravenous contrast is often the modality of choice with CT playing a complementary role. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer-reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances in which peer-reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Rath
- Division Chair of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Bruno Policeni
- Panel Chair; Department of Radiology Vice-Chair, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; President Iowa Radiological Society and ACR Councilor
| | - Amy F Juliano
- Panel Vice-Chair, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; NI-RADS committee chair
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Fellowship Program Director
| | - Alec M Block
- Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Judah Burns
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Vice-Chair for Education & Residency Program Director, Montefiore Medical Center; Vice-Chair, Subcommittee on Methodology
| | - David B Conley
- Practice Director, Northwestern ENT and Rhinology Fellowship Director, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and Member, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - R Webster Crowley
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Neurosurgery expert; Chief, Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery; Medical Director, Department of Neurosurgery; Surgical Director, Rush Comprehensive Stroke Center; Program Director, Endovascular Neurosurgery
| | | | - Elliott R Friedman
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program Director
| | - Maria K Gule-Monroe
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Medical Director of Diagnostic Imaging at Houston Area Location Woodlands
| | - Mari Hagiwara
- Neuroradiology Fellowship Program Director and Head and Neck Imaging Director, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Vikas Jain
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Medical Director, Lumina Imaging
| | - William J Powers
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; American Academy of Neurology
| | - Joshua M Rosenow
- Neuroradiology Fellowship Program Director and Head and Neck Imaging Director, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - M Reza Taheri
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia; Director of Neuroradiology
| | - Kate DuChene Thoma
- Director of Faculty Development Fellowship, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa; Primary care physician
| | - David Zander
- Chief of Head and Neck Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Amanda S Corey
- Specialty Chair, Atlanta VA Health Care System and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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24
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Vaswani PA, Morley JF, Jennings D, Siderowf A, Marek K, Marek K, Seibyl J, Siderowf A, Stern M, Russell D, Sethi K, Frank S, Simuni T, Hauser R, Ravina B, Richards I, Liang G, Adler C, Saunders-Pullman R, Evatt ML, Lai E, Subramanian I, Hogarth P, Chung K. Serial olfactory testing for the diagnosis of prodromal Parkinson's disease in the PARS study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 104:15-20. [PMID: 36194902 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome (PARS) study was designed to evaluate whether screening with olfactory testing and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging could identify participants at risk for developing Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE Hyposmia on a single test has been associated with increased risk of PD, but, taken alone, lacks specificity. We evaluated whether repeating olfactory testing improves the diagnostic characteristics of this screening approach. METHODS Participants completed up to 10 years of clinical and imaging evaluations in the PARS cohort. Olfaction was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test at baseline and on average 1.4 years later. Multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the hazard of development of clinical PD or abnormal DAT imaging. RESULTS Of 186 participants who were initially hyposmic, 28% reverted to normosmia on repeat testing (reverters). No initially normosmic subjects and only 2% of reverters developed DAT imaging progression or clinical PD, compared to 29% of subjects with persistent hyposmia who developed abnormal DAT and 20% who developed clinical PD. The relative risk of clinical conversion to PD was 8.3 (95% CI:0.92-75.2, p = 0.06) and of abnormal DAT scan was 12.5 (2.4-156.2, p = 0.005) for persistent hyposmia, compared to reversion. CONCLUSIONS Persistent hyposmia on serial olfactory testing significantly increases the risk of developing clinical PD and abnormal DAT imaging, compared to hyposmia on a single test. Repeat olfactory testing may be an efficient and cost-effective strategy to improve identification of at-risk patients for early diagnosis and disease modification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan A Vaswani
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - James F Morley
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danna Jennings
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
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25
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Seizure treatment with olfactory training: a preliminary trial. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6901-6907. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Dou K, Ma J, Zhang X, Shi W, Tao M, Xie A. Multi-predictor modeling for predicting early Parkinson’s disease and non-motor symptoms progression. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:977985. [PMID: 36092799 PMCID: PMC9459236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.977985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying individuals with high-risk Parkinson’s disease (PD) at earlier stages is an urgent priority to delay disease onset and progression. In the present study, we aimed to develop and validate clinical risk models using non-motor predictors to distinguish between early PD and healthy individuals. In addition, we constructed prognostic models for predicting the progression of non-motor symptoms [cognitive impairment, Rapid-eye-movement sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD), and depression] in de novo PD patients at 5 years of follow-up. Methods We retrieved the data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. After a backward variable selection approach to identify predictors, logistic regression analyses were applied for diagnosis model construction, and cox proportional-hazards models were used to predict non-motor symptom progression. The predictive models were internally validated by correcting measures of predictive performance for “optimism” or overfitting with the bootstrap resampling approach. Results For constructing diagnostic models, the final model reached a high accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.96), which included eight variables (age, gender, family history, University of Pennsylvania Smell Inventory Test score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, RBD Screening Questionnaire score, levels of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein, and SNCA rs356181 polymorphism). For the construction of prognostic models, our results showed that the AUC of the three prognostic models improved slightly with increasing follow-up time. The overall AUCs fluctuated around 0.70. The model validation established good discrimination and calibration for predicting PD onset and progression of non-motor symptoms. Conclusion The findings of our study facilitate predicting the individual risk at an early stage based on the predictors derived from these models. These predictive models provide relatively reliable information to prevent PD onset and progression. However, future validation analysis is still needed to clarify these findings and provide more insight into the predictive models over more extended periods of disease progression in more diverse samples.
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27
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Hu W, Chen N, Yan W, Pei P, Wei Y, Zhan X. Knowledge Mapping of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Bibliometric Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:904982. [PMID: 35770245 PMCID: PMC9234575 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.904982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olfaction is one of the five basic senses of human beings. As such, olfactory dysfunction seriously affects patients' quality of life and can even endanger them. In recent years, olfactory dysfunction has attracted greater research interest, and numerous studies have been published on olfactory dysfunction. However, there are few studies on olfactory dysfunction through bibliometric analysis. This study aims to describe the current situation and identify the foci and potential new research directions of olfactory dysfunction using a bibliometric approach. Methods Articles related to olfactory dysfunction published from 2002 to 2021 were located in the Web of Science Core Collection of Clarivate Analytics (London, UK). Bibliometric analyses were conducted with the CiteSpace (Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and VOSviewer (Center for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands) software programs. Results The number of articles published each year showed an upward trend, especially in 2020, where a sharp increase had occurred due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The United States was the country with the most publications and the strongest international cooperation. In terms of institutions, the greatest number of publications from a single institution came from Dresden University of Technology. Thomas Hummel was the author who had contributed the most articles. An analysis of co-citation networks and burst keywords in the field revealed a shift from “gonadotropin-releasing hormone” and “apoptosis” earlier on to “olfactory training,” “COVID-19,” and “Parkinson's disease” more recently. “Outcome,” “COVID-19,” “infection,” and “pathogenesis” are topics of the research frontier and hotspots. Conclusion More attention has been paid to olfactory dysfunction as the understanding of it has improved in the past 20 years. This study provides researchers with an objective, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of the literature on olfactory dysfunction. The current frontier areas and hotspots in the field focus on the pathological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction after infection with COVID-19 and its different prognoses. The pathophysiological mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 will be a primary future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiheng Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxiang Wei
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Xiaojun Zhan
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28
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Rahmani B, Ghashghayi E, Zendehdel M, Baghbanzadeh A, Khodadadi M. Molecular mechanisms highlighting the potential role of COVID-19 in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiol Int 2022; 109:135-162. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to the pulmonary manifestations, COVID-19 patients may present a wide range of neurological disorders as extrapulmonary presentations. In this view, several studies have recently documented the worsening of neurological symptoms within COVID-19 morbidity in patients previously diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Moreover, several cases have also been reported in which the patients presented parkinsonian features after initial COVID-19 symptoms. These data raise a major concern about the possibility of communication between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the initiation and/or worsening of NDs. In this review, we have collected compelling evidence suggesting SARS-CoV-2, as an environmental factor, may be capable of developing NDs. In this respect, the possible links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and molecular pathways related to most NDs and the pathophysiological mechanisms of the NDs such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Rahmani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ghashghayi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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29
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Wallert ED, van de Giessen E, Knol RJJ, Beudel M, de Bie RMA, Booij J. Imaging Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:27S-32S. [PMID: 35649651 PMCID: PMC9165729 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of dopaminergic transmission in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies plays a major role in clinical practice and in clinical research. We here review the role of imaging of the nigrostriatal pathway, as well as of striatal receptors and dopamine release, in common neurodegenerative disorders in clinical practice and research. Imaging of the nigrostriatal pathway has a high diagnostic accuracy to detect nigrostriatal degeneration in disorders characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration, such as PD and dementia with Lewy bodies, and disorders of more clinical importance, namely in patients with clinically uncertain parkinsonism. Imaging of striatal dopamine D2/3 receptors is not recommended for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders in clinical practice anymore. Regarding research, recently the European Medicines Agency has qualified dopamine transporter imaging as an enrichment biomarker for clinical trials in early PD, which underlines the high diagnostic accuracy of this imaging tool and will be implemented in future trials. Also, imaging of the presynaptic dopaminergic system plays a major role in, for example, examining the extent of nigrostriatal degeneration in preclinical and premotor phases of neurodegenerative disorders and to examine subtypes of PD. Also, imaging of postsynaptic dopamine D2/3 receptors plays a role in studying, for example, the neuronal substrate of impulse control disorders in PD, as well as in measuring endogenous dopamine release to examine, for example, motor complications in the treatment of PD. Finally, novel MRI sequences as neuromelanin-sensitive MRI are promising new tools to study nigrostriatal degeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elon D Wallert
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J J Knol
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; and
| | - Martijn Beudel
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M A de Bie
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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30
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Fernández-Santiago R, Sharma M. What have we learned from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101648. [PMID: 35595184 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
After fifteen years of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), what have we learned? Addressing this question will help catalogue the progress made towards elucidating disease mechanisms, improving the clinical utility of the identified loci, and envisioning how we can harness the strides to develop translational GWAS strategies. Here we review the advances of PD GWAS made to date while critically addressing the challenges and opportunities for next-generation GWAS. Thus, deciphering the missing heritability in underrepresented populations is currently at the reach of hand for a truly comprehensive understanding of the genetics of PD across the different ethnicities. Moreover, state-of-the-art GWAS designs hold a true potential for enhancing the clinical applicability of genetic findings, for instance, by improving disease prediction (PD risk and progression). Lastly, advanced PD GWAS findings, alone or in combination with clinical and environmental parameters, are expected to have the capacity for defining patient enriched cohorts stratified by genetic risk profiles and readily available for neuroprotective clinical trials. Overall, envisioning future strategies for advanced GWAS is currently timely and can be instrumental in providing novel genetic readouts essential for a true clinical translatability of PD genetic findings.
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31
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease—Many Issues Need to Be Clarified—A Critical Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040456. [PMID: 35447986 PMCID: PMC9028450 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological manifestations during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are of interest, regarding acute treatment and the so-called post-COVID-19 syndrome. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders worldwide. Hence, the influence of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 syndrome on PD patients has raised many questions and produced various publications with conflicting results. We reviewed the literature, with respect to symptoms, treatment, and whether the virus itself might cause PD during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in SARS-CoV-2-affected symptomatic PD patients (COVID-19 syndrome). In addition, we comment on the consequences in non-symptomatic and non-affected PD patients, as well as post-COVID syndrome and its potential linkage to PD, presenting our own data from our out-patient clinic.
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Alzghool OM, van Dongen G, van de Giessen E, Schoonmade L, Beaino W. α-Synuclein Radiotracer Development and In Vivo Imaging: Recent Advancements and New Perspectives. Mov Disord 2022; 37:936-948. [PMID: 35289424 PMCID: PMC9310945 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies including idiopathic Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple systems atrophy share overlapping symptoms and pathological hallmarks. Selective neurodegeneration and Lewy pathology are the main hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies. Currently, there is no imaging biomarker suitable for a definitive early diagnosis of α-synucleinopathies. Although dopaminergic deficits detected with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers can support clinical diagnosis by confirming the presence of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, dopaminergic imaging cannot visualize the preceding disease process, nor distinguish α-synucleinopathies from tauopathies with dopaminergic neurodegeneration, especially at early symptomatic disease stage when clinical presentation is often overlapping. Aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn) could be a suitable imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, because αSyn aggregation and therefore, Lewy pathology is evidently an early driver of α-synucleinopathies pathogenesis. Additionally, several antibodies and small molecule compounds targeting aggregated αSyn are in development for therapy. However, there is no way to directly measure if or how much they lower the levels of aggregated αSyn in the brain. There is clearly a paramount diagnostic and therapeutic unmet medical need. To date, aggregated αSyn and Lewy pathology inclusion bodies cannot be assessed ante-mortem with SPECT or PET imaging because of the suboptimal binding characteristics and/or physicochemical properties of current radiotracers. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the suitability of aggregated αSyn as an imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, the current limitations with and lessons learned from αSyn radiotracer development, and finally to propose antibody-based ligands for imaging αSyn aggregates as a complementary tool rather than an alternative to small molecule ligands. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada M Alzghool
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guus van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xie J, Tian S, Liu J, Cao R, Yue P, Cai X, Shang Q, Yang M, Han L, Zhang DK. Dual role of the nasal microbiota in neurological diseases—An unignorable risk factor or a potential therapy carrier. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T. Deciphering the prion-like behavior of pathogenic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105307. [PMID: 35181393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are hitherto classified based on their core clinical features, the anatomical distribution of neurodegeneration, and the cell populations mainly affected. On the other hand, the wealth of neuropathological, genetic, molecular and biochemical studies have identified the existence of distinct insoluble protein aggregates in the affected brain regions. These findings have spread the use of a collective term, proteinopathy, for neurodegenerative disorders with particular type of structurally altered protein accumulation. Particularly, a recent breakthrough in this field came with the discovery that these protein aggregates can transfer from one cell to another, thereby converting normal proteins to potentially toxic, misfolded species in a prion-like manner. In this review, we focus specifically on the molecular and cellular basis that underlies the seeding activity and transcellular spreading phenomenon of neurodegeneration-related protein aggregates, and discuss how these events contribute to the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808574, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-1202, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808574, Japan.
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Ganapathy S. R, Levová K, Kotačková L, Trnka J, Zogala D, Rusz J, Zima T, Devos D, Šonka K, Růžička E, Kalousová M, Dušek P. Increased Transferrin Sialylation Predicts Phenoconversion in Isolated
REM
Sleep Behavior Disorder. Mov Disord 2022; 37:983-992. [PMID: 35128728 PMCID: PMC9305135 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialic acid–protein interactions are involved in regulating central nervous system immunity; therefore, derangements in sialylation could be involved in neurodegeneration. Objectives We evaluate the differences in serum transferrin sialylation in prodromal and early‐stage Parkinson's disease (PD), its relation to substantia nigra degeneration, and the risk of phenoconversion to manifest disease. Methods Sixty treatment‐naive PD patients; 72 polysomnography‐confirmed isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients, that is, patients with prodromal synucleinopathy; and 46 healthy volunteers aged ≥45 years and drinking ≤60 standard drinks per month were included. The proportion of serum low‐sialylated, carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) isoforms was assessed using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the values were adjusted for alcohol intake (CDTadj). Dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography (DaT‐SPECT) imaging was performed. In iRBD, phenoconversion risk of DaT‐SPECT and CDTadj was evaluated using Cox regression adjusted for age and sex. Results Median CDTadj was lower in PD (1.1 [interquartile range: 1.0–1.3]%) compared to controls (1.2 [1.1–1.6]%) (P = 0.001). In iRBD, median CDTadj was lower in subjects with abnormal (1.1 [0.9–1.3]%) than normal (1.3 [1.2–1.6]%) DaT‐SPECT (P = 0.005). After a median 44‐month follow‐up, 20% of iRBD patients progressed to a manifest disease. Although iRBD converters and nonconverters did not significantly differ in CDTadj levels (P = 0.189), low CDTadj increased the risk of phenoconversion with hazard ratio 3.2 (P = 0.045) but did not refine the phenoconversion risk associated with abnormal DaT‐SPECT yielding hazard ratio 15.8 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Decreased serum CDTadj is associated with substantia nigra degeneration in synucleinopathies. iRBD patients with low CDTadj are more likely to phenoconvert to manifest disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani Ganapathy S.
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Levová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kotačková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Trnka
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Zogala
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center for Parkinson, CHU‐Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Inserm, UMR‐S1172, LICEND, NS‐Park Network University of Lille Lille France
| | - Karel Šonka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Evžen Růžička
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kalousová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dušek
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
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Goodwin GR, Bestwick JP, Noyce AJ. The potential utility of smell testing to screen for neurodegenerative disorders. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:139-148. [PMID: 35129037 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2037424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of smell is a common early feature of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Identifying these conditions in their early stages is important to understand more about early pathophysiological events and the development of disease modifying therapies. Smell testing may be an effective future tool for screening large populations for early neurodegeneration. AREAS COVERED : In this review, we appraise the evidence for, and discuss the likelihood of, the use of smell testing in large screening programs to detect early neurodegeneration. We evaluate the predictive power of smell tests for neurodegenerative disease, compare performance to other established screening programs, and discuss ethical and practical considerations and limitations. EXPERT OPINION : Even if disease modifying therapies were available for neurodegenerative disease, smell tests alone are unlikely to have high enough predictive power to be used in a future screening program. However, we believe they could be a valuable component of a short battery of tests or part of a stepwise process that together could more accurately identify early neurodegeneration in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Goodwin
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jonathan P Bestwick
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Motor and non-motor circuit disturbances in early Parkinson disease: which happens first? Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:115-128. [PMID: 34907352 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the last two decades, pathogenic concepts in Parkinson disease (PD) have revolved around the toxicity and spread of α-synuclein. Thus, α-synuclein would follow caudo-rostral propagation from the periphery to the central nervous system, first producing non-motor manifestations (such as constipation, sleep disorders and hyposmia), and subsequently impinging upon the mesencephalon to account for the cardinal motor features before reaching the neocortex as the disease evolves towards dementia. This model is the prevailing theory of the principal neurobiological mechanism of disease. Here, we scrutinize the temporal evolution of motor and non-motor manifestations in PD and suggest that, even though the postulated bottom-up mechanisms are likely to be involved, early involvement of the nigrostriatal system is a key and prominent pathophysiological mechanism. Upcoming studies of detailed clinical manifestations with newer neuroimaging techniques will allow us to more closely define, in vivo, the role of α-synuclein aggregates with respect to neuronal loss during the onset and progression of PD.
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Stefano GB, Büttiker P, Weissenberger S, Ptacek R, Wang F, Esch T, Bilfinger TV, Raboch J, Kream RM. Biomedical Perspectives of Acute and Chronic Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1229-1240. [PMID: 34951387 PMCID: PMC9886822 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223130228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of infections from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has dramatically escalated following the initial outbreak in China, in late 2019, resulting in a global pandemic with millions of deaths. Although the majority of infected patients survive, and the rapid advent and deployment of vaccines have afforded increased immunity against SARS-CoV-2, long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become increasingly recognized. These include, but are not limited to, chronic pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disorders, and proinflammatory-associated neurological dysfunction that may lead to psychological and neurocognitive impairment. A major component of cognitive dysfunction is operationally categorized as "brain fog" which comprises difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, confusion, depression, and fatigue. Multiple parameters associated with long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been detailed in clinical studies. Empirically elucidated mechanisms associated with the neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 are by nature complex, but broad-based working models have focused on mitochondrial dysregulation, leading to systemic reductions of metabolic activity and cellular bioenergetics within the CNS structures. Multiple factors underlying the expression of brain fog may facilitate future pathogenic insults, leading to repetitive cycles of viral and bacterial propagation. Interestingly, diverse neurocognitive sequelae associated with COVID-19 are not dissimilar from those observed in other historical pandemics, thereby providing a broad and integrative perspective on potential common mechanisms of CNS dysfunction subsequent to viral infection. Poor mental health status may be reciprocally linked to compromised immune processes and enhanced susceptibility to infection by diverse pathogens. By extrapolation, we contend that COVID-19 may potentiate the severity of neurological/neurocognitive deficits in patients afflicted by well-studied neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, the prevention, diagnosis, and management of sustained neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 are pivotal health care directives and provide a compelling rationale for careful monitoring of infected patients, as early mitigation efforts may reduce short- and long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B. Stefano
- Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Büttiker
- Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Weissenberger
- Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Ptacek
- Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fuzhou Wang
- Group of Neuropharmacology and Neurophysiology, Division of Neuroscience, The Bonoi Academy of Science and Education, Chapel Hill, NC27510, USA
| | - Tobias Esch
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas V. Bilfinger
- Department of Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794, USA
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard M. Kream
- Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Roos DS, Klein M, Deeg DJ, Doty RL, Berendse HW. Prevalence of Prodromal Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in the Late Middle-Aged Population. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:967-974. [PMID: 35180132 PMCID: PMC9108586 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) can last up to 20 years and is characterized by a variety of non-motor symptoms. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of a selection of non-motor symptoms known to be associated with an increased risk of developing PD in a late middle-aged population-based sample and to determine their association with motor function. METHODS At a mean age of 60.3 years, 775 subjects were recruited from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Hyposmia, cognitive impairment, patient-reported constipation, possible REM-sleep behavior disorder, depression, and anxiety were indexed as known PD risk factors. Additionally, 1) the PD screening questionnaire, 2) four physical performance tests, and 3) a functional limitations questionnaire, were used to determine whether the presence of two or more PD risk factors was associated with reduced motor function. RESULTS The prevalence of single risk factors ranged between 3 and 13%. Approximately 11% of subjects had two or more PD risk factors. Motor functioning of subjects with two or more PD risk factors was significantly worse than performance of subjects without or with a single risk factor (all p values≤0.001). CONCLUSION Approximately 11% of the late middle-aged population has two or more known PD risk factors. Among these subjects self-perceived PD symptoms and reduced physical performance are more prevalent, suggesting that at least some of these subjects may be in the prodromal phase of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareia S. Roos
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Klein
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorly J.H. Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard L. Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henk W. Berendse
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Guekht AB, Kryukov AI, Kazakova AA, Akzhigitov RG, Gulyaeva NV, Druzhkova TA. [Olfactory disorders as a multidisciplinary problem]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:32-38. [PMID: 36537628 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212212132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a serious symptom that requires careful differential diagnosis. The article presents convincing evidence that dysosmia is not only a symptom of rinological pathology, but also a manifestation of various neurodegenerative diseases. Some patients with SARS-CoV-2 have neurological symptoms. Modern studies show that olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are significant symptoms in the clinical presentation of the COVID-19 infection. The importance of olfactory diagnostics in relatives of patients with hereditary neurodegenerative diseases for the purpose of early detection of pathology is noted. We consider the possibility of introducing new methods for the diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction, which is a promising task both in the field of neurology and otorhinolaryngology, in order to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases at an early stage, improve the quality of life and social adaptation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Guekht
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Kryukov
- Sverzhevskiy Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kazakova
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - R G Akzhigitov
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Gulyaeva
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Druzhkova
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
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Kuusimäki T, Sainio J, Kurki S, Vahlberg T, Kaasinen V. Prediagnostic expressions in health records predict mortality in Parkinson's disease: A proof-of-concept study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 95:35-39. [PMID: 34998147 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship of prodromal markers of PD with PD mortality is unclear. Electronic health records (EHRs) provide a large source of raw data that could be useful in the identification of novel relevant prognostic factors in PD. We aimed to provide a proof of concept for automated data mining and pattern recognition of EHRs of PD patients and to study associations between prodromal markers and PD mortality. METHODS Data from EHRs of PD patients (n = 2522) were collected from the Turku University Hospital database between 2006 and 2016. The data contained >27 million words/numbers and >750000 unique expressions. The 5000 most common words were identified in three-year time period before PD diagnosis. Cox regression was used to investigate the association of expressions with the 5-year survival of PD patients. RESULTS During the five-year period after PD diagnosis, 839 patients died (33.3%). If expressions associated with psychosis/hallucinations were identified within 3 years before the diagnosis, worse survival was observed (hazard ratio = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.46-1.99, p < 0.001). Similar effects were observed for words associated with cognition (1.23, 1.05-1.43, p = 0.009), constipation (1.34, 1.15-1.56, p = 0.0002) and pain (1.34, 1.12-1.60, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Automated mining of EHRs can predict relevant clinical outcomes in PD. The approach can identify factors that have previously been associated with survival and detect novel associations, as observed in the link between poor survival and prediagnostic pain. The significance of early pain in PD prognosis should be the focus of future studies with alternate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Kuusimäki
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jani Sainio
- Auria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Samu Kurki
- Auria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Brücke T, Brücke C. Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in Parkinson's disease and related disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:581-594. [PMID: 34910248 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an insight into the beginnings of dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in the early 1990s, focussing on single photon emission tomography (SPECT). The development of the method and its consolidation as a now widely used clinical tool is described. The role of DAT-SPECT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD, atypical parkinsonian syndromes and several other different neurological disorders is reviewed. Finally the clinical research using DAT-SPECT as a biomarker for the progression of PD, for the detection of a preclinical dopaminergic lesion and its correlation with neuropathological findings is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brücke
- Ottakring Clinic, Neurological Department, Verein zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung am Wilhelminenspital (FWFW), Montleartstrasse 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
- , Linke Wienzeile 12, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christof Brücke
- Department for Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Azzam AY, Ghozy S, Azab MA. Vitamin D and its' role in Parkinson's disease patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A review article. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY : ADVANCED TECHNIQUES AND CASE MANAGEMENT 2021; 27:101441. [PMID: 34868885 PMCID: PMC8627384 DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus reportedly called 2019-nCoV started to spread around the world at the end of 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was later renamed after links with SARS were observed. Multiple studies have reported possible connections between the COVID-19 virus and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Theories support that vitamin D deficiency plays a part in the pathogenicity of Parkinson's disease or the credibility of the associated dopamine system. Administration of vitamin D3 was shown to significantly enhance the motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease and enhance the quality of life. Also, multiple recent reviews have shown specific ways in which vitamin D reduces the risk of pathogenic infections. Recent studies supported the potential role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infections and mortality. On the immunological level, immune response regulation remains one of the well-recognized actions of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and Parkinson's disease. Whereas more studies are required, Vitamin D supplementation with a moderate and well-calculated dosage of vitamin D3 in patients with Parkinson's disease can help minimize the risk and burden of COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Azzam
- October 6 University Faculty of Medicine, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohammed A Azab
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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Du Y, Zhao W, Du L, Liu J. Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with the COVID-19 and its potential nervous system infection mechanism: the role of imaging in the study. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:199-211. [PMID: 38666221 PMCID: PMC10917188 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has broken the normal spread mode of respiratory viruses, namely, mainly spread in winter, resulting in over 230 million confirmed cases of COVID-19. Many studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect the nervous system by varying degrees. In this review, we look at the acute neuropsychiatric impacts of COVID-19 patients, including acute ischemic stroke, encephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, dysosmia, and epilepsy, as well as the long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 survivors: mental disorder and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, this review discusses long-term changes in brain structure and function associated with COVID-19 infection. We believe that the traditional imaging sequences are important in the acute phase, while the nontraditional imaging sequences are more meaningful for the detection of long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. These long-term follow-up changes in structure and function may also help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 survivors. Finally, we review previous studies and discuss some potential mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nervous system. Continuous focus on neuropsychiatric sequelae and a comprehensive understanding of the long-term impacts of the virus to the nervous system is significant for formulating effective sequelae prevention and management strategies, and may provide important clues for nervous system damage in future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Du
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45255, OH, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Radiology Quality Control Center, Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Felix C, Chahine LM, Hengenius J, Chen H, Rosso AL, Zhu X, Cao Z, Rosano C. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Olfactory System in Older Adults With and Without Hyposmia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:648598. [PMID: 34744681 PMCID: PMC8569942 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.648598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare gray matter microstructural characteristics of higher-order olfactory regions among older adults with and without hyposmia. Methods: Data from the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) were obtained in 1998–99 for 265 dementia-free adults from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (age at BSIT: 74.9 ± 2.7; 62% White; 43% male) who received 3T diffusion tensor imaging in 2006–08 [Interval of time: mean (SD): 8.01 years (0.50)], Apolipoprotein (ApoEε4) genotypes, and repeated 3MS assessments until 2011–12. Cognitive status (mild cognitive impairment, dementia, normal cognition) was adjudicated in 2011–12. Hyposmia was defined as BSIT ≤ 8. Microstructural integrity was quantified by mean diffusivity (MD) in regions of the primary olfactory cortex amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (including olfactory cortex, gyrus rectus, the orbital parts of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus), and hippocampus. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for total brain atrophy, demographics, cognitive status, and ApoEε4 genotype. Results: Hyposmia in 1998–99 (n = 57, 21.59%) was significantly associated with greater MD in 2006–08, specifically in the orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus, and amygdala, on the right [adjusted beta (p value): 0.414 (0.01); 0.527 (0.01); respectively]. Conclusion: Older adults with higher mean diffusivity in regions important for olfaction are more likely to have hyposmia up to ten years prior. Future studies should address whether hyposmia can serve as an early biomarker of brain microstructural abnormalities for older adults with a range of cognitive functions, including those with normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James Hengenius
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Palermo G, Giannoni S, Bellini G, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R. Dopamine Transporter Imaging, Current Status of a Potential Biomarker: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11234. [PMID: 34681899 PMCID: PMC8538800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of current clinical research in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the validation and standardization of biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, predicting outcomes, understanding PD pathophysiology, and demonstrating target engagement in clinical trials. Molecular imaging with specific dopamine-related tracers offers a practical indirect imaging biomarker of PD, serving as a powerful tool to assess the status of presynaptic nigrostriatal terminals. In this review we provide an update on the dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in PD and translate recent findings to potentially valuable clinical practice applications. The role of DAT imaging as diagnostic, preclinical and predictive biomarker is discussed, especially in view of recent evidence questioning the incontrovertible correlation between striatal DAT binding and nigral cell or axon counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Sara Giannoni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Unit of Neurology, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Unit of Neurology, Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Suwijn SR, Samim H, Eggers C, Espay AJ, Fox S, Lang AE, Samuel M, Silverdale M, Verschuur CVM, Dijk JM, Verberne HJ, Booij J, de Bie RMA. Value of Clinical Signs in Identifying Patients with Scans without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit (SWEDD). JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:1561-1569. [PMID: 32597819 PMCID: PMC7683040 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical trials that recruited patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD), 4-15% of the participants with a clinical diagnosis of PD had normal dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography (DAT SPECT) scans, also called "scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit" (SWEDD). OBJECTIVE To investigate in patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD, if specific clinical features are useful to distinguish patients with nigrostriatal degeneration from those that have no nigrostriatal degeneration. METHODS We performed a diagnostic test accuracy study. Patients that participated in the Levodopa in Early Parkinson's disease trial, a clinical trial in patients with early PD, were asked to participate if they had not undergone DAT SPECT imaging earlier. The index tests were specific clinical features that were videotaped. A panel of six neurologists in training (NT), six general neurologists (GN), and six movement disorders experts (MDE) received a batch of ten videos consisting of all SWEDD subjects and a random sample of patients with abnormal DAT SPECT scans. The raters analyzed the videos for presence of specific signs and if they suspected the patient to have SWEDD. The reference test was visually assessed DAT SPECT imaging. RESULTS Of a total of 87 participants, three subjects were SWEDDs (3.4%). The overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the Parkinsonian signs was poor to moderate with ICCs ranging from 0.14 to 0.67. NT correctly identified 50.0% of the SWEDD subjects, GN 33.3%, and MDE 66.7%. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the selected videotaped clinical features cannot reliably distinguish patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD and an abnormal DAT SPECT from patients with clinical PD and a SWEDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven R Suwijn
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hamdia Samim
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Gießen und Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mike Samuel
- Department of Neurology, National Parkinson Foundation Centre Of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Constant V M Verschuur
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke M Dijk
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J Verberne
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M A de Bie
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Berry JK, Cox D. Increased oscillatory power in a computational model of the olfactory bulb due to synaptic degeneration. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024405. [PMID: 34525666 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases impact the olfactory system, and in particular the olfactory bulb, early in disease progression. One mechanism by which damage occurs is via synaptic dysfunction. Here, we implement a computational model of the olfactory bulb and investigate the effect of weakened connection weights on network oscillatory behavior. Olfactory bulb network activity can be modeled by a system of equations that describes a set of coupled nonlinear oscillators. In this modeling framework, we propagate damage to synaptic weights using several strategies, varying from localized to global. Damage propagated in a dispersed or spreading manner leads to greater oscillatory power at moderate levels of damage. This increase arises from a higher average level of mitral cell activity due to a shift in the balance between excitation and inhibition. That this shift leads to greater oscillations depends critically on the nonlinearity of the activation function. Linearized analysis of the network dynamics predicts when this shift leads to loss of oscillatory activity. We thus demonstrate one potential mechanism involved in the increased gamma oscillations seen in some animal models of Alzheimer's disease, and we highlight the potential that pathological olfactory bulb behavior presents as an early biomarker of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kendall Berry
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Daniel Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Adamson SXF, Zheng W, Agim ZS, Du S, Fleming S, Shannahan J, Cannon J. Systemic Copper Disorders Influence the Olfactory Function in Adult Rats: Roles of Altered Adult Neurogenesis and Neurochemical Imbalance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1315. [PMID: 34572528 PMCID: PMC8471899 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted systemic copper (Cu) homeostasis underlies neurodegenerative diseases with early symptoms including olfactory dysfunction. This study investigated the impact of Cu dyshomeostasis on olfactory function, adult neurogenesis, and neurochemical balance. Models of Cu deficiency (CuD) and Cu overload (CuO) were established by feeding adult rats with Cu-restricted diets plus ip. injection of a Cu chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) and excess Cu, respectively. CuD reduced Cu levels in the olfactory bulb (OB), subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and striatum, while CuO increased Cu levels in these areas. The buried pellet test revealed both CuD and CuO prolonged the latency to uncover food. CuD increased neural proliferation and stem cells in the SVZ and newly differentiated neurons in the OB, whereas CuO caused opposite alterations, suggesting a "switch"-type function of Cu in regulating adult neurogenesis. CuO increased GABA in the OB, while both CuD and CuO reduced DOPAC, HVA, 5-HT and the DA turnover rate in olfactory-associated brain regions. Altered mRNA expression of Cu transport and storage proteins in tested brain areas were observed under both conditions. Together, results support an association between systemic Cu dyshomeostasis and olfactory dysfunction. Specifically, altered adult neurogenesis along the SVZ-RMS-OB pathway and neurochemical imbalance could be the factors that may contribute to olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherleen Xue-Fu Adamson
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zeynep Sena Agim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Sarah Du
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Sheila Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
| | - Jason Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.X.-F.A.); (Z.S.A.); (S.D.); (J.S.)
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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