1
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Uddin MS, Zareihassangheshlaghi A, Latturner SE. Temperature-Dependent Products in Gallium Flux Reactions of Cerium and Transition Metals. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38860283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactions of cerium and transition metals in excess molten gallium were carried out, exploring the formation of different cerium intermetallics as the flux reaction is cooled. Ce/T/Ga reactions with T = Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, and Zn produce a high-temperature product, which converts into a low-temperature product in the flux. The phases present in the flux mixture were determined by quenching identical reactions at 750 and 300 °C and identifying the isolated products using elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The compounds CeGa2, CeCu0.37Ga3.63, CePd0.32Ga3.68, Ce5Ag1.76Ga17.29, and Ce5Zn1.37Ga17.73 were isolated by quenching at 750 °C. Upon cooling to 300 °C, the corresponding reactions instead yielded CeGa6, Ce2CuGa12, Ce2PdGa12, Ce2Ag0.7Ga9.1, and CeZnxGa7-x. All of these structures contain cerium in the ThCr2Si2-related layers. Large crystals of high-temperature products CeCu0.37Ga3.63, CePd0.32Ga3.68, Ce5Ag1.76Ga17.29, and Ce5Zn1.37Ga17.73 were used for magnetic susceptibility measurements. All of these materials show highly anisotropic ferromagnetic ordering of Ce3+ moments below 8 K, which is in contrast to the antiferromagnetism seen for the compounds that were isolated at 300 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | - Susan E Latturner
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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2
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Wang M, Lin Y. Gallium-based liquid metals as reaction media for nanomaterials synthesis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6915-6933. [PMID: 38501969 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) and their alloys have gained prominence in the realm of flexible and stretchable electronics. Recent advances have expanded the interest to explore the electron-rich core and interface of LMs to synthesize various nanomaterials, where Ga-based LMs serve as versatile reaction media. In this paper, we delve into the latest developments within this burgeoning field. Our discussion begins by elucidating the unique attributes of LMs that render them suitable as reaction media, including their high metal solubility, low standard reduction potential, self-limiting oxidation and ultra-smooth and "layer" surface. We then provide a comprehensive categorized summary of utilizing these features to fabricate a variety of nanomaterials, including pure metallic materials (metal alloys, metal crystals, porous metals, high-entropy alloys and metallic single atoms), metal-inorganic compounds (2D metal oxides, 2D metallic inorganic compounds and 2D graphitic materials), as well as metal-organic composites (metal-organic frameworks). This paper concludes by discussing the current challenges in this field and exploring potential future directions. The versatility and unique properties of Ga-based LMs are poised to play a pivotal role in the future of nanomaterial science, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and innovative technological solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yiliang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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3
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Engel S, Gießelmann ECJ, Reimann MK, Pöttgen R, Janka O. On the Ytterbium Valence and the Physical Properties in Selected Intermetallic Phases. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:188-222. [PMID: 38585514 PMCID: PMC10996054 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The present review summarizes important aspects of the crystal chemistry of ytterbium-based intermetallic compounds along with a selection of their outstanding physical properties. These originate in many cases from the ytterbium valence. Different valence states are possible here, divalent (4f14), intermediate-valent, or trivalent (4f13) ytterbium, resulting in simple diamagnetic, Pauli or Curie-Weiss paramagnetic, or valence fluctuating behavior. Especially, some of the Yb3+ intermetallics have gained deep interest due to their Kondo or heavy Fermion ground states. We have summarized their property investigations using magnetic and transport measurements, specific heat data, NMR, ESR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, and XAS data as well as detailed thermoelectric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Engel
- Anorganische
Festkörperchemie Universität
des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elias C. J. Gießelmann
- Anorganische
Festkörperchemie Universität
des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maximilian K. Reimann
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Anorganische
Festkörperchemie Universität
des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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4
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Qiao X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhou S, Pang X. Simple preparation of lignosulfonate stabilized eutectic gallium/indium liquid metal nanodroplets through ball milling process. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127809. [PMID: 37926321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biomass and liquid metal (LM) makes the preparation process "greener" and application of LM composite materials more sustainable. Here we reported the solvent free preparation of lignosulfonate (LS) stabilized eutectic gallium/indium (EGaIn) LM nanodroplets through ball milling (BM), which was recognized to be efficient and environmentally-friendly alternatives to solution-based methods. By regulating the BM frequency and milling time, uniform LM nanodroplets with a size <200 nm can be achieved. Moreover, the surface of the EGaIn nanodroplets was covered by LS molecules, owing to the hydrogen bond formed between Ga2O3 and LS. Hydrophilic LS shell endowed the LS@EGaIn nanodroplets excellent colloidal stability in the aqueous media. The elongation at break and fracture strength of hydrogel with the addition of LS@EGaIn significantly improved with the addition of LS@EGaIn. Besides, the conductivity and excellent stress responsibility of the LS@EGaIn composite hydrogel illustrated its potential application as s a stress sensor, flexible wearable devices and other related applications. Moreover, it was predicted that LS can be replaced by other synthesized or biological macromolecules, and induced the formation of types of LM based composite materials through such a simple method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Qiao
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Fiber Preparation and Modification, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linan Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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5
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Mu X, Liu Y, Xiao GB, Xu C, Gao X, Cao J. Porphyrin Supramolecule as Surface Carrier Modulator Imparts Hole Transporter with Enhanced Mobility for Perovskite Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307152. [PMID: 37490622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the surface charge transport behavior of hole transport materials (HTMs) would be as an potential approach to improve their hole mobility, while yet realized for fabricating efficient photovoltaic devices. Here, an oxygen bridged dimer-based monoamine FeIII porphyrin supramolecule is prepared and doped in HTM film. Theoretical analyses reveal that the polaron distributed on dimer can be coupled with the parallel arranged polarons on adjacent dimers. This polaron coupling at the interface of supramolecule and HTM can resonates with hole flux to increase hole transport efficiency. Mobility tests reveal that the hole mobility of doped HTM film is improved by 8-fold. Doped perovskite device exhibits an increased efficiency from 19.8 % to 23.2 %, and greatly improved stability. This work provides a new strategy to improve the mobility of HTMs by surface carrier modulation, therefore fabricating efficient photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Guo-Bin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xingbang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South road 222, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
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6
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Sun F, Yue H, Puggioni D, Guo Z, Li Y, Rondinelli JM, Zhang Z, Yuan W, Kanatzidis MG. Phase Discovery and Selected Synthesis of Subvalent Niobium Tellurides Using a Polytelluride Flux Strategy. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37489948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal subchalcogenides involve electron-rich metals and can facilitate an in-depth understanding of the relationships among quantum properties such as superconductivity, charge density wave, and topological band structures. However, effective experimental routes toward synthesizing transition metal subchalcogenides are still lacking, hindering the development of new quantum materials. Herein, we propose a eutectic polytelluride flux strategy as an excellent solution to address phase discovery and crystal growth in transition metal subtelluride systems. We report new phases easily and selectively synthesized using a eutectic "K3Te4" polytelluride flux upon adjusting the ratio of Nb metal to flux in the starting materials (K/Nb/Te = 3:x:4). Using a high Nb content in the solvent (x = 2 and 1), crystals of KNb3Te3O0.38 and K0.9Nb3Te4 are obtained. Both subtellurides exhibit diverse Nb clusters, including face-sharing and edge-sharing Nb6 octahedral columns and zig-zag Nb chains. Reducing the Nb content to x = 0.33 leads to the formation of a layered compound, K1.06NbTe2. This compound comprises a NbTe6 trigonal prism with K intercalated between the layers. Single crystals of known binary Nb tellurides can also be grown using another eutectic flux "KTe3.2", and the obtained NbTe2 exhibits a new polymorphism with extra trimerization along the b-axis in the Nb-Nb bonded double zig-zag cluster. Precise control over the structural dimensionality and oxidation state, combined with the facile crystal growth process, makes our synthetic strategy an efficient route to explore quantum materials in transition metal subchalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haoyu Yue
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhongnan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenxia Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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7
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Wu H, Hazelnis JP, Maldonado S. Understanding and Expanding the Prospects for Electrosynthesis with Liquid Metal Electrodes. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:846-855. [PMID: 36921297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThis Account describes and summarizes the latest work from our laboratory on developing and maturing strategies based on low-temperature liquid metals as reaction environments for materials synthesis. The electrochemical liquid-liquid-solid (ec-LLS) crystal growth concept is a hybrid method that combines electrodeposition and melt crystal growth. Using liquid metals as both electrodes and solvents for the purpose of producing inorganic crystals and materials, a simple and environmentally friendly process is possible. The impetus is to address the key deficiency in the inorganic crystalline materials that are the basis of modern optoelectronics and renewable energy capture/conversion systems. Specifically, existing methods for synthesizing crystalline inorganic materials for these purposes are largely energy- and resource-intensive, with a substantial impact on the environment when scaled. A long-term goal of our work with ec-LLS is to realize a materials synthetic process that is matured without requiring intensive resources or negatively impacting the environment. To this end, the factors that both limit and govern ec-LLS processes must be identified and understood. To date, questions regarding the factors that affect crystal nucleation and growth, form factors, and overall composition remain.Previous work established concretely ec-LLS as a versatile method for synthesizing and producing crystalline semiconductors at low temperatures as either particles, nanowires, or microwires. Subsequent experiments have focused on two tiers. First, the microscopic details of the liquid metal and its interfaces that dictate materials synthesis and crystal growth must be identified. Second, strategies that widen the attainable material form factors to facilitate device architectures must be realized. Hence, this Account describes results aimed at answering three questions: (1) What are the consequences of reaching supersaturation by an electrochemical rather than a thermal driving force for crystal growth in ec-LLS? (2) Can the location of nucleation and subsequent crystal growth be controlled? (3) Does the atomic structure of the liquid metal affect product formation in ec-LLS? The science described herein illustrates the value of in situ methods spanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray reflectance for revealing the role that liquid metal composition and structure can play in ec-LLS. Additionally, we summarize work that shows for the first time that it is possible to produce both single-crystalline epitaxial films and complex intermetallic compounds through ec-LLS by tuning the cell design, electrochemical excitation waveform, and composition of the liquid metal electrodes.The cumulative findings described here substantially enrich our understanding of the ec-LLS concept while simultaneously motivating further questions moving forward. Is it possible to attain complete control over the crystalline quality and composition of ec-LLS products? Can the materials produced by ec-LLS provide tailored functional properties for targeted applications? Can the ec-LLS strategy be further refined to allow material synthesis and deposition at precise locations with deterministically chosen form factors? What synthetic pathways are accessible when even more sophisticated electrochemical waveforms and cell designs are used? Our hope is that this Account will spur additional researchers to help answer such questions.
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8
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Liyanage IA, Flores AV, Gillan EG. Tunable Synthesis of Metal-Rich and Phosphorus-Rich Nickel Phosphides and Their Comparative Evaluation as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4947-4959. [PMID: 36898368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible synthetic routes to crystalline metal-rich to phosphorus-rich nickel phosphides are highly desired for comparable electrocatalytic HER studies. This report details solvent-free, direct, and tin-flux-assisted synthesis of five different nickel phosphides from NiCl2 and phosphorus at moderate temperatures (500 °C). Direct reactions are thermodynamically driven via PCl3 formation and tuned through reaction stoichiometry to produce crystalline Ni-P materials from metal-rich (Ni2P, Ni5P4) to phosphorus-rich (cubic NiP2) compositions. A tin flux in NiCl2/P reactions allows access to monoclinic NiP2 and NiP3. Intermediates in tin flux reactions were isolated to help identify phosphorus-rich Ni-P formation mechanisms. These crystalline micrometer-sized nickel phosphide powders were affixed to carbon-wax electrodes and investigated as HER electrocatalysts in acidic electrolyte. All nickel phosphides show moderate HER activity in a potential range of -160 to -260 mV to achieve current densities of 10 mA/cm2 ordered as c-NiP2 ≥ Ni5P4 > NiP3 > m-NiP2 > Ni2P, with NiP3 activity showing some particle size influence. Phosphorus-rich c/m-NiP2 appears most stable under acidic conditions during extended reactions. The HER activity of these different nickel phosphides appears influenced by a combination of factors such as particle size, phosphorus content, polyphosphide anions, and surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishanka A Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 United States
| | - Ashley V Flores
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 United States
| | - Edward G Gillan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 United States
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9
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Koldemir A, Klenner S, Pöttgen R. Crystal structure of europium dichromium icosaaluminum, EuCr 2Al 20. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2023-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
EuCr2Al20, cubic,
F
d
3
‾
m
$Fd\overline{3}m$
(no. 227), a = 14.5245(7) Å, V = 3064.1(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0351, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0402, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Koldemir
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Steffen Klenner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster , Germany
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10
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Ge C, Zheng X, Guo Q, Liu Y, Tao X. Polymer-Assisted Compressed Flux Growth: A Universal and High-Yield Method for Dimension-Controlled Single Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210685. [PMID: 36604836 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals possess the most perfect and stable morphology and represent the intrinsic and upper limits of performance when integrated into various application scenarios. However, for a large portion of the newly emerging low-dimensional and molecular materials, the mass production of crystals with a desirable shape is still challenging. Here, a universal and high-yield method to grow functional single crystals with controlled dimensions is provided that can be directly integrated into a device. By utilizing a polymeric flux in combination with a compressed growth space, numerous materials can be grown into size-controllable single crystalline flakes, with millions produced in one batch. This scalable growth method shows promise for the large-scale integration of micro-single-crystals as functional components, as exemplified by the construction of a 5 in. field-effect transistor array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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11
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Kim M, Lim H, Ko SH. Liquid Metal Patterning and Unique Properties for Next-Generation Soft Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205795. [PMID: 36642850 PMCID: PMC9951389 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature liquid metal (LM)-based electronics is expected to bring advancements in future soft electronics owing to its conductivity, conformability, stretchability, and biocompatibility. However, various difficulties arise when patterning LM because of its rheological features such as fluidity and surface tension. Numerous attempts are made to overcome these difficulties, resulting in various LM-patterning methods. An appropriate choice of patterning method based on comprehensive understanding is necessary to fully utilize the unique properties. Therefore, the authors aim to provide thorough knowledge about patterning methods and unique properties for LM-based future soft electronics. First, essential considerations for LM-patterning are investigated. Then, LM-patterning methods-serial-patterning, parallel-patterning, intermetallic bond-assisted patterning, and molding/microfluidic injection-are categorized and investigated. Finally, perspectives on LM-based soft electronics with unique properties are provided. They include outstanding features of LM such as conformability, biocompatibility, permeability, restorability, and recyclability. Also, they include perspectives on future LM-based soft electronics in various areas such as radio frequency electronics, soft robots, and heterogeneous catalyst. LM-based soft devices are expected to permeate the daily lives if patterning methods and the aforementioned features are analyzed and utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science LabDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826South Korea
| | - Hyungjun Lim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science LabDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826South Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Chungam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang37673South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science LabDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design/Institute of Engineering ResearchSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826South Korea
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12
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Larson JT, Latturner SE. Flux Growth of an Intermetallic with Interstitial Fluorides via Decomposition of a Fluorocarbon. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1508-1512. [PMID: 36634226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
La15(FeC6)4F2 was grown as large crystals by reacting iron in a La/Ni eutectic flux in the presence of decafluorobiphenyl (C12F10) which acts as both a carbon and fluoride source. This mild fluorinating technique enables the isolation of an intermetallic product containing fluoride interstitials, as opposed to forming ionic metal fluorides. The compound adopts a structure in the hexagonal crystal system with space group P6̅ which features FeC6 units composed of a central iron atom coordinated by three ethylenide units in a trigonal planar configuration. The structure is related to the previously reported La15(FeC6)4H, but with fluoride fully occupying the interstitial hydride positions, which induces partial occupancies and site splitting disorder in the adjacent layers of lanthanide ions. No supercell formation is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Larson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Susan E Latturner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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13
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Díez AM, Lyu X, Pazos M, Sanromán MÁ, McCool G, Lebedev OI, Kolen'ko YV, Serov A. Retrofitting of Carbon-Supported Bimetallic Ni-based Catalysts by Phosphorization for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Makhaneva AY, Zakharova EY, Nesterenko SN, Lyssenko KA, Kuznetsov AN. Merging the AuCu 3- and BaAl 4-based structure motifs: flux-assisted synthesis, crystal, and electronic structure of Ca 2Pt 7XP 4-δ phosphide platinides (X = Al, Ti, and Zn). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18583-18592. [PMID: 36444887 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three quaternary phosphide platinides, Ca2Pt7AlP3.00(4), Ca2Pt7TiP3.24(4), and Ca2Pt7ZnP2.78(2), were synthesized by a high-temperature technique using lead as a flux. According to the single-crystal diffraction data, they are isotypic and crystallize in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm with Z = 2 (Ca2Pt7AlP3.00(4): a = 3.9893(6) Å, c = 26.832(5) Å; Ca2Pt7TiP3.24(4): a = 3.99610(10) Å, c = 26.9074(17) Å; Ca2Pt7ZnP2.78(2): a = 4.0020(2) Å, c = 26.5549(17) Å) and thus represent first europium-free compounds of the Eu2Pt7AlP2.95 structure type. Their structures can be described as an intergrowth of the AuCu3- and CaBe2Ge2-type blocks. DFT calculations predict metallic conductivity and non-magnetic state for all three compounds. Bonding analysis based on the Bader charge distribution and ELF topology reveals a combination of localized covalent and ionic interactions in the CaBe2Ge2-type fragments and complex pattern of pairwise, multi-center, and ionic interactions in the AuCu3-type fragments that closely reproduces bonding in the parent Pt3X (X = Al, Ti, Zn) binary intermetallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Yu Makhaneva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Yu Zakharova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey N Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miasnitskaya Str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey N Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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15
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Idrus-Saidi SA, Tang J, Lambie S, Han J, Mayyas M, Ghasemian MB, Allioux FM, Cai S, Koshy P, Mostaghimi P, Steenbergen KG, Barnard AS, Daeneke T, Gaston N, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Liquid metal synthesis solvents for metallic crystals. Science 2022; 378:1118-1124. [PMID: 36480610 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In nature, snowflake ice crystals arrange themselves into diverse symmetrical six-sided structures. We show an analogy of this when zinc (Zn) dissolves and crystallizes in liquid gallium (Ga). The low-melting-temperature Ga is used as a "metallic solvent" to synthesize a range of flake-like Zn crystals. We extract these metallic crystals from the liquid metal solvent by reducing its surface tension using a combination of electrocapillary modulation and vacuum filtration. The liquid metal-grown crystals feature high morphological diversity and persistent symmetry. The concept is expanded to other single and binary metal solutes and Ga-based solvents, with the growth mechanisms elucidated through ab initio simulation of interfacial stability. This strategy offers general routes for creating highly crystalline, shape-controlled metallic or multimetallic fine structures from liquid metal solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhada A Idrus-Saidi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Lambie
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shengxiang Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peyman Mostaghimi
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Krista G Steenbergen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Amanda S Barnard
- School of Computing, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nicola Gaston
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
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16
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The crystal chemistry of ZrSi. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Effects of aluminum metal flux heat treatments on titanium–tungsten mixed carbide powders. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Haddock JW, Barton ZJ, Feng K, Baumbach RE, Zhang Q, Latturner SE. Flux Growth of Cerium Nickel Gallides Studied by In Situ Neutron Diffraction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15645-15653. [PMID: 36121353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of cerium and nickel in excess molten gallium were monitored by neutron diffraction during heating and cooling. The formation of binary intermediates CeGa2 and Ni2Ga3 was observed during heating. During cooling of the molten mixture from 900 °C, precipitation of BaAl4-type CeNi0.74Ga3.26 occurred at 850 °C. Upon cooling to 650 °C, this compound reacted in the flux to form Ce2NiGa10 and then Ce2NiGa12, the latter of which persisted to room temperature. Making use of this information, subsequent reactions were quenched at 750 °C to isolate crystals of CeNi0.74Ga3.26 for further study. Similar reactions replacing Ce with La and quenching above 750 °C yielded LaNi0.35Ga3.65 crystals. Magnetic susceptibility studies on CeNi0.74Ga3.26 indicate that the cerium is trivalent; the Ce3+ moments undergo a strongly anisotropic ferromagnetic ordering with moment perpendicular to the c axis below 7 K. Heat capacity data show little evidence of heavy fermion behavior. Resistivity measurements show that both LaNi0.35Ga3.65 and CeNi0.74Ga3.26 exhibit metallic behavior. Density of states calculations support this and indicate that Ni/Ga mixing in the compound stabilizes the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo W Haddock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zach J Barton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Keke Feng
- FSU Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ryan E Baumbach
- FSU Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Susan E Latturner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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19
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Roy N, Kuila SK, - H, Pramanik P, Jana PP. Selective Chemical Substitution of Cu in the Structure of TiAl3 Type InPd3: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Roy
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
| | - Sandip K. Kuila
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
| | - Harshit -
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
| | - Parna Pramanik
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
| | - Partha Pratim Jana
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Chemistry IIT Kgp Campus 721302 Khargpur INDIA
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20
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Ogunbunmi MO, Baranets S, Bobev S. Structural Complexity and Tuned Thermoelectric Properties of a Polymorph of the Zintl Phase Ca 2CdSb 2 with a Non-centrosymmetric Monoclinic Structure. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10888-10897. [PMID: 35797442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Zintl phase Ca2CdSb2 was found to be dimorphic. Besides the orthorhombic Ca2CdSb2 (-o), here we report on the synthesis, the structural characterization, and the thermoelectric transport properties of its monoclinic form, Ca2CdSb2 (-m), and its Lu-doped variant Ca2-xLuxCdSb2 (x ≈ 0.02). The monoclinic structure exhibits complex structural characteristics and constitutes a new structure type with the non-centrosymmetric space group Cm (Z = 30). The electrical resistivity ρ(T) measured on single crystals of both phases portrays a transition from a semiconductor to a degenerate p-type semiconductor upon doping with Lu and with an attendant change in the Hall carrier concentration nH from 7.15 × 1018 to 2.30 × 1019 cm-3 at 300 K. The Seebeck coefficient S(T) of both phases are comparable and indicate a hole-dominated carrier transport mechanism with magnitudes of 133 and 116 μV/K at 600 K for Ca2CdSb2 (-m) and Ca2-xLuxCdSb2, respectively. The convoluted atomic bonding with an attendant large unit cell volume of ∼4365 Å3 drives a putative low thermal conductivity in these materials resulting in a power factor PF of 1.63 μW/cm K2 and an estimated thermoelectric figure of merit zT of ∼0.5 for Ca2-xLuxCdSb2 at 600 K. Differential scanning calorimetry results reveal the stability of these phases up to about 960 K, making them candidates for moderate temperature thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Ogunbunmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sviatoslav Baranets
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Svilen Bobev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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21
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Mumbaraddi D, Mishra V, Lidin S, Mar A. Minority report: Structure and bonding of YbNi3Ga9 and YbCu3Ga8 obtained in gallium flux. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Gladisch FC, Pippinger T, Meyer J, Pries J, Richter J, Steinberg S. Examination of a Structural Preference in Quaternary Alkali-Metal (A) Rare-Earth (R) Copper Tellurides by Combining Experimental and Quantum-chemical Means. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9269-9282. [PMID: 35667003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the quest for materials addressing the grand challenges of the future, there is a critical need for a broad understanding of their electronic structures because the knowledge of the electronic structure of a given solid allows us to recognize its structural preferences and to rationalize its properties. As previous research on quaternary chalcogenides containing active metals (a group-I- or -II-element), early transition-metals, and late transition-metals indicated that such materials could pose as alluring systems in the developments of thermoelectrics, our impetus was stimulated to probe the suitability of tellurides belonging to the prolific A3R4Cu5Te10-family. In doing so, we first used quantum-chemical techniques to explore the electronic and vibrational properties of representatives crystallizing with different A3R4Cu5Te10 structure types. The outcome of these explorations indicated that the aspects that control the formation of a given type of A3R4Cu5Te10 structure are rather subtle so that transitions between different types of A3R4Cu5Te10 structures could be induced by manipulating the ambient conditions. To probe this prediction, we explored the thermal behavior for the example of one quaternary telluride, that is, Rb3Er4Cu5Te10, and thereby identified a new type of A3R4Cu5Te10 structure. Because understanding the structural features of the A3R4Cu5Te10 family plays an important role in the analyses of the aforementioned explorations, we also present an overview about the structural features and the members of this class of quaternary tellurides. In this connection, we also provide a structural report of four tellurides, that is, K3Tb4Cu5Te10 and Rb3R4Cu5Te10 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho), which have been obtained from high-temperature solid-state reactions for the very first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Gladisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jens Meyer
- STOE & Cie GmbH, Hilpertstraße 10, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julian Pries
- Institute of Physics (IA), Physics of Novel Materials, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Richter
- STOE & Cie GmbH, Hilpertstraße 10, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Steinberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Slade TJ, Canfield PC. Use of Refractory‐Volatile Element Deep Eutectic Regions to Grow Single Crystalline Intermetallic Compounds. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Slade
- Ames Laboratory, US DOE Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Paul C. Canfield
- Ames Laboratory, US DOE Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
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24
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Portehault D, Gómez-Recio I, Baron MA, Musumeci V, Aymonier C, Rouchon V, Le Godec Y. Geoinspired syntheses of materials and nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4828-4866. [PMID: 35603716 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for new materials is intimately linked to the development of synthesis methods. In the current urge for the sustainable synthesis of materials, taking inspiration from Nature's ways to process matter appears as a virtuous approach. In this review, we address the concept of geoinspiration for the design of new materials and the exploration of new synthesis pathways. In geoinspiration, materials scientists take inspiration from the key features of various geological systems and processes occurring in nature, to trigger the formation of artificial materials and nanomaterials. We discuss several case studies of materials and nanomaterials to highlight the basic geoinspiration concepts underlying some synthesis methods: syntheses in water and supercritical water, thermal shock syntheses, molten salt synthesis and high pressure synthesis. We show that the materials emerging from geoinspiration exhibit properties differing from materials obtained by other pathways, thus demonstrating that the field opens up avenues to new families of materials and nanomaterials. This review focuses on synthesis methodologies, by drawing connections between geosciences and materials chemistry, nanosciences, green chemistry, and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Portehault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Isabel Gómez-Recio
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marzena A Baron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Valentina Musumeci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Virgile Rouchon
- IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Rond point de l'échangeur de Solaize - BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Yann Le Godec
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
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25
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Courteau B, Gvozdetskyi V, Lee S, Cox T, Zaikina JV. Ternary antimonide NaCd4Sb3: Hydride synthesis, crystal structure and transport properties. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Volodymyr Gvozdetskyi
- Iowa State University of Science and Technology: Iowa State University Chemistry 50011 Ames UNITED STATES
| | - Shannon Lee
- Iowa State University of Science and Technology: Iowa State University Chemistry 50011 Ames UNITED STATES
| | - Tori Cox
- Iowa State University of Science and Technology: Iowa State University Chemistry 50011 Ames UNITED STATES
| | - Julia V. Zaikina
- Iowa State University Chemistry 2415 Osborn Drive, 1605 Gilman Hall 50011-1021 Ames UNITED STATES
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26
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Roy N, Koley B, Harshit, Jana PP. Formation and stability of Rh 2Cd 5 and its strucural correlation with RhCd and Rh 3Cd 5−δ
( δ ∼ 0.56). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The formation and the stability of a unique intermetallic phase Rh2Cd5 (2:5) that adopts a defect In3Pd5 structure type, has been addressed on the basis of electronic structure calculation and chemical bonding approach. The crystal structures of three closely related phases {RhCd, Rh2Cd5 and Rh3Cd5−δ
(δ ∼ 0.56)} in the Rh–Cd binary system are compared. Electronic structure calculations for all these phases reveal that a state-deficient region or pseudogap is opened up near the Fermi level in the electronic density of states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Roy
- Department of Chemistry , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur - 721302 , India
| | - Biplab Koley
- Department of Chemistry , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur - 721302 , India
| | - Harshit
- Department of Chemistry , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur - 721302 , India
| | - Partha P. Jana
- Department of Chemistry , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur - 721302 , India
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27
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Stelzer RU, Ikeda Y, Srinivasan P, Lehmann TS, Grabowski B, Niewa R. Li 5Sn, the Most Lithium-Rich Binary Stannide: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7096-7110. [PMID: 35417653 PMCID: PMC9052764 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
From reaction of
excess lithium with tin, we isolate well-crystallized
Li5Sn and solve the crystal structure from single-crystal
X-ray diffraction data. The orthorhombic structure (space group Cmcm) features the same coordination polyhedra around tin
and lithium as previously predicted by electronic structure calculations
for this composition, however differently arranged. An extensive ab initio analysis, including thermodynamic integration
using Langevin dynamics in combination with a machine-learning potential
(moment tensor potential), is conducted to understand the thermodynamic
stability of this Cmcm Li5Sn structure
observed in our experiments. Among the 108 Li5Sn structures
systematically derived using the structure enumeration algorithm,
including the experimental Cmcm structure and those
obtained in previous ab initio studies, another new
structure with the space group Immm is found to be
energetically most stable at 0 K. This computationally discovered Immm structure is also found to be thermodynamically more
stable than the Cmcm structure at finite temperatures,
indicating that the Cmcm Li5Sn structure
observed in our experiments is favored likely due to kinetic reasons
rather than thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert U Stelzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Prashanth Srinivasan
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tanja S Lehmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Blazej Grabowski
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Niewa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Baranets S, Darone GM, Bobev S. Structural diversity among multinary pnictide oxides: a minireview focused on semiconducting and superconducting heteroanionic materials. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2021-2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Incorporating different anions with varied ionic sizes and charges is a rapidly growing approach to bring out unusual physical properties among various classes of solid-state materials, pnictides and chalcogenides in particular. This minireview is focused on hetero-anionic materials based on the pnictogens, which have been demonstrated to offer an impressive diversity of crystal chemistry and electronic structures. In addition, many pnictide oxides or oxypnictides, over the course of the last decade, have been shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of superconducting, magnetic, and semiconducting properties. However, the structural diversity of the mixed-anion materials is far greater than the several known structure types, or their variants, of the well-known layered superconductive materials. Therefore, with this treatise, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the crystal chemistry of pnictide oxides by recounting almost 40 different structures of such ternary and multinary compounds. In addition to the structural aspects, we also highlight some of the challenges associated with the synthesis, and briefly summarize reported, to date, physical properties of this remarkable class of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sviatoslav Baranets
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | | | - Svilen Bobev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
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29
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Gunatilleke WDCB, Wong-Ng W, Zavalij PY, Zhang M, Chen YS, Nolas GS. Revealing uncommon transport in the previously unascertained very low cation clathrate-I Eu 2Ga 11Sn 35. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the structure and electrical transport of single-crystal Eu2Ga11Sn35, the sole example of a very low cation concentration clathrate-I composition with atypical transport directly attributable to the structure and stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Winnie Wong-Ng
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Peter Y. Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mingjian Zhang
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - George S. Nolas
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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30
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Song Y, He Y, Laursen S. Fundamental understanding of the synthesis of well-defined supported non-noble metal intermetallic compound nanoparticles. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental insights into the synthesis of model-like, supported, non-noble metal intermetallic compound nanoparticle catalysts with phase pure bulk and bulk-like 1st-atomic-layer particle surface composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Siris Laursen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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31
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Yox P, Porter A, Dorn R, Kyveryga V, Rossini AJ, Kovnir K. Semiconducting silicon-phosphorous frameworks for caging exotic polycations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7622-7625. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel semiconductors AAe6Si12P20X (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs; Ae = Sr, Ba; X = Cl, Br, I) is reported. Their crystal structures feature tetrahedral Si-P framework...
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32
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Paulsen C, Kösters J, Seidel S, Kuwata Y, Kotegawa H, Tou H, Sugawara H, Harima H, Pöttgen R. The orthorhombic-to-monoclinic phase transition in NbCrP – Peierls distortion of the chromium chain. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2021-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The equiatomic metal-rich phosphide NbCrP shows a structural phase transition around 125 K. The structures of the high- and low-temperature modifications were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data of an un-twinned crystal: TiNiSi type, Pnma, a = 619.80(2), b = 353.74(4), c = 735.24(6) pm, wR = 0.0706, 288 F
2 values, 20 variables at 240 K and P121/c1, a = 630.59(3), b = 739.64(4), c = 933.09(5) pm, β = 132.491(6)°, wR = 0.0531, 1007 F
2 values, 57 variables at 90 K. The structural phase transition is of a classical Peierls type. The equidistant chromium chain in HT-NbCrP (353.7 pm Cr–Cr) splits pairwise into shorter (315.2 pm) and longer (373.2 pm) Cr–Cr distances. This goes along with a strengthening of Cr–P bonding. The superstructure formation is discussed on the basis of a group–subgroup scheme. Electronic structure calculations show a lifting of band degeneracy. Protection of the non-symmorphic symmetry of space group Pnma is crucial for the phase transition. The estimated charge modulation is consistent with the interpretation as Peierls transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paulsen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Yoshiki Kuwata
- Department of Physics , Kobe University , Kobe , Hyogo 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Hisashi Kotegawa
- Department of Physics , Kobe University , Kobe , Hyogo 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Hideki Tou
- Department of Physics , Kobe University , Kobe , Hyogo 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugawara
- Department of Physics , Kobe University , Kobe , Hyogo 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Hisatomo Harima
- Department of Physics , Kobe University , Kobe , Hyogo 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster , Germany
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33
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Kauzlarich SM, Ju Z, Tseng E, Lundervold J. Recent developments in germanium containing clusters in intermetallics and nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13236-13252. [PMID: 34726681 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic clusters can be described as building blocks in intermetallics, compounds prepared from all metals and/or semi-metals, and in Zintl phases, a subset of intermetallics containing metals with large differences in electronegativity. In many cases, these intermetallic and Zintl phases provide the first clue for the possibilities of bond formation between metals and semi-metals. Recent advances in multimetallic clusters found in Zintl phases and nanoparticles focusing on Ge with transition metals and semi-metals is presented. Colloidal routes to Ge nanocrystals provide an opportunity for kinetically stabilized Ge-metal and Ge-semi-metal bonding. These routes provide crystalline nanoclusters of Ge, hereafter referred to as nanocrystals, that can be structurally characterized. Compositions of Ge nanocrystals containing transition metals, and the semi-metals, Sb, Bi, and Sn, whose structures have recently been elucidated through EXAFS, will be presented along with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Kauzlarich
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Zheng Ju
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Emily Tseng
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jesse Lundervold
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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34
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Gladisch FC, Leusen J, Passia MT, Kögerler P, Steinberg S. Rb
3
Er
4
Cu
5
Te
10
: Exploring the Frontier between Polar Intermetallics and Zintl‐Phases via Experimental and Quantumchemical Approaches. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C. Gladisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jan Leusen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marco T. Passia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- Present address: Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute – PGI-6 Research Centre Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Simon Steinberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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35
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Akopov G, Hewage NW, Yox P, Viswanathan G, Lee SJ, Hulsebosch LP, Cady SD, Paterson AL, Perras FA, Xu W, Wu K, Mudryk Y, Kovnir K. Synthesis-enabled exploration of chiral and polar multivalent quaternary sulfides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14718-14730. [PMID: 34820087 PMCID: PMC8597832 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative method of synthesis is reported for the large and diverse (RE)6(TM) x (Tt)2S14 (RE = rare-earth, TM = transition metals, Tt = Si, Ge, and Sn) family of compounds (∼1000 members, ∼325 contain Si), crystallizing in the noncentrosymmetric, chiral, and polar P63 space group. Traditional synthesis of such phases involves the annealing of elements or binary sulfides at elevated temperatures. The atomic mixing of refractory components technique, presented here, allows the synthesis of known members and vastly expands the family to nearly the entire transition metal block, including 3d, 4d, and 5d TMs with oxidation states ranging from 1+ to 4+. Arc-melting of the RE, TM, and tetrel elements of choice forms an atomically-mixed precursor, which readily reacts with sulfur providing bulk powders and large single crystals of the target quaternary sulfides. Detailed in situ and ex situ experiments show the mechanism of formation, which involves multiphase binary sulfide intermediates. Crystal structures and metal oxidation states were corroborated by a combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, EPR, NMR, and SQUID magnetometry. The potential of La6(TM) x (Tt)2S14 compounds for non-linear optical applications was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiy Akopov
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Nethmi W Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Philip Yox
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Gayatri Viswanathan
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Shannon J Lee
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Liam P Hulsebosch
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Physics, The State University of New York College at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14222 USA
| | - Sarah D Cady
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | | | | | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory IL 60439 USA
| | - Kui Wu
- Hebei University Baoding City Hebei Province 830011 China
| | - Yaroslav Mudryk
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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36
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Utrap A, Pielmeier MRP, Lange T, Gädt T, Nilges T. An Ordered Alite Cement Clinker Phase (Ca
3
SiO
5
,
aP
162) from Flux Synthesis. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Utrap
- Professorship for Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Materials Technical University of Munich Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Markus R. P. Pielmeier
- Professorship for Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Materials Technical University of Munich Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Chair for Construction Chemistry Technical University of Munich Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Torben Gädt
- Chair for Construction Chemistry Technical University of Munich Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Tom Nilges
- Professorship for Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Materials Technical University of Munich Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
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37
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Babizhetskyy V, Jardin R, Gautier R, Fontaine B, Halet JF. Flux synthesis, crystal structure and electronic properties of the layered rare earth metal boride silicide Er3Si5–x
B. An example of a boron/silicon-ordered structure derived from the AlB2 structure type. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ternary rare earth metal boride silicide Er3Si5–x
B (x = 1.17) was synthesized from the elements using the tin flux method. It crystallizes in a new structure type in the space group R32 (a = 6.5568(1) Å, c = 24.5541(1) Å, Z = 6). The structural arrangement can be derived from the AlB2 structure type with boron/silicon ordering in the layered metalloid substructure made of [Si5B] hexagons. The presence or absence of the boron atoms involved in this ordered structure is discussed on the basis of difference Fourier syntheses and structural analysis, in relation with the binary parent structures AlB2 and Yb3Si5 (Th3Pd5 type). The electronic and bonding properties of Er3Si5–x
B were analyzed and discussed via density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a crystal orbital Hamiltonian population (COHP) bonding analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Babizhetskyy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Ivan Franko National University of Lviv , Kyryla i Mefodiya Str. 6, UA-79005 , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Régis Jardin
- Bruker AXS GmbH , Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49 , D-76187 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Régis Gautier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Bruno Fontaine
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- CNRS–Saint-Gobain–NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba , 305-0044 , Japan
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38
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Pu Z, Liu T, Zhang G, Liu X, Gauthier MA, Chen Z, Sun S. Nanostructured Metal Borides for Energy-Related Electrocatalysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100699. [PMID: 34927953 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of durable, active, and affordable electrocatalysts for energy-related catalytic applications plays a crucial role in the advancement of energy conversion and storage technologies to achieve a sustainable energy future. Transition metal borides (TMBs), with variable compositions and structures, present a number of interesting features including coordinated electronic structures, high conductivity, abundant natural reserves, and configurable physicochemical properties. Therefore, TMBs provide a wide range of opportunities for the development of multifunctional catalysts with high performance and long durability. This review first summarizes the typical structural and electronic features of TMBs. Subsequently, the various synthetic methods used thus far to prepare nanostructured TMBs are listed. Furthermore, advances in emerging TMB-catalyzed reactions (both theoretical and experimental) are highlighted, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, the oxygen evolution reaction, the oxygen reduction reaction, the carbon dioxide reduction reaction, the nitrogen reduction reaction, the methanol oxidation reaction, and the formic acid oxidation reaction. Finally, challenges facing the development of TMB electrocatalysts are discussed, with focus on synthesis and energy-related catalytic applications, and some potential strategies/perspectives are suggested as well, which will profit the design of more efficient TMB materials for application in future energy conversion and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghua Pu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériauxet Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Gaixia Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériauxet Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Xianhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériauxet Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Zhangxing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériauxet Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
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39
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Jayasinghe AS, Lai Y, Potter WM, Windorff CJ, Baumbach R, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Latturner SE. An 1.33T 4Al 8Si 2 (An = Ce, Th, U, Np; T = Ni, Co): Actinide Intermetallics with Disordered Gd 1+xFe 4Si 10-y Structure Type Grown from Metal Flux. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13062-13070. [PMID: 34492770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An1.33T4Al8Si2 (An = Ce, Th, U, Np; T = Ni, Co) were synthesized in metal flux reactions carried out in aluminum/gallium melts. In previous work, U1.33T4Al8Si2 (T = Co, Ni) analogues were formed by arc-melting U:T:Si and reacting this mixture in Al/Ga flux. However, in the current work, all compounds were synthesized by using AnO2 reactants, taking advantage of the ability of the aluminum in the flux to act as both solvent and reducing agent. While reactions with T = Co yielded hexagonal Gd1.33Fe4Si10-type quaternary phases for all An, reactions with T = Ni produced these compounds only with An = U and Np. For reactions with An = Ce and Th, the reactions led instead to the formation of AnNi3-xSixAl4-yGay phases, with the tetragonal KCu3S4 structure type. Attempts to synthesize plutonium analogues Pu1.33T4Al8Si2 were also unsuccessful, producing the previously reported PuCoGa5 and Pu2Ni5Si6 instead. Magnetic data collected on the neptunium analogues Np1.33T4Al8Si2 (T = Ni, Co) show antiferromagnetic coupling at low temperatures and indicate a tetravalent state for the Np ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashini S Jayasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - You Lai
- Department of Physics, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Wesley M Potter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ryan Baumbach
- Department of Physics, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Susan E Latturner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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40
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Sa H, Lee J, Jo H, Moon D, Kim M, Ok KM, You TS. p-Type Double Doping and the Diamond-like Morphology Shift of the Zintl Phase Thermoelectric Materials: The Ca 11-xA xSb 10-yGe z (A = Na, Li; 0.06(3) ≤ x ≤ 0.17(5), 0.19(1) ≤ y ≤ 0.55(1), 0.13(1) ≤ z ≤ 0.22(1)) System. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10124-10136. [PMID: 34100596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five ternary and quaternary Zintl phases in the solid-solution Ca11-xAxSb10-yGez (A = Na, Li; 0.06(3) ≤ x ≤ 0.17(5), 0.19(1) ≤ y ≤ 0.55(1), 0.13(1) ≤ z ≤ 0.22(1)) system have been successfully synthesized by both of the arc-melting and the molten Pb metal-flux reactions. The crystal structure of these title compounds was characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractions analyses, and all title compounds crystallized in the Ho11Ge10-type phase in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm (Z = 4, Pearson code tI84). The complex crystal structure can be described as an assembly of 1) three kinds of cationic polyhedra centered by three different Sb and 2) the cage-shaped anionic frameworks built through the connection of two types of Sb. The newly substituted p-type double dopants of the cationic (Na and Li) and anionic (Ge) elements displayed particular site preferences, which were successfully explained by either the size-factor criterion based on the atomic size or the electronic-factor criterion based on the electronegativity of an element. Quite interestingly, as the reaction conditions were changed, the morphology shift of single crystals in Ca10.94(3)Na0.06Sb9.58(1)Ge0.21 occurred from a cubic-shaped to a hummocky-type, to a hopper-type, and eventually to an octahedral-shaped crystal, just like the Yakutian kimberlite diamonds. Moreover, we firmly believe that the inclusion of the p-type Ge dopant for Sb was crucial to trigger this type of morphology shift and complete the octahedral-shaped morphology in the overall crystal-growth mechanism. The theoretical calculations using a DFT method rationalized the observed site preference of Na and the electronic effect of the p-type Ge dopants. The Seebeck coefficient measurements for Ca10.88(4)Li0.12Sb9.45(1)Ge0.21 indicated that some portions of electron charge carriers were effectively eliminated by the p-type double dopants using Li and Ge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Sa
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Four Research Team, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Four Research Team, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongil Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Four Research Team, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo You
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Four Research Team, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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41
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Roy N, Giri S, Harshit, Jana PP. Site preference and atomic ordering in the ternary Rh5Ga2As: first-principles calculations. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2021-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The site preference and atomic ordering of the ternary Rh5Ga2As have been investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). An interesting atomic ordering of two neighboring elements Ga and As reported in the structure of Rh5Ga2As by X-ray diffraction data only is confirmed by first-principles total-energy calculations. The previously reported experimental model with Ga/As ordering is indeed the most stable in the structure of Rh5Ga2As. The calculation detected that there is an obvious trend concerning the influence of the heteroatomic Rh–Ga/As contacts on the calculated total energy. Interestingly, the orderly distribution of As and Ga that is found in the binary GaAs (Zinc-blende structure type), retained to ternary Rh5Ga2As. The density of states (DOS) and Crystal Orbital Hamiltonian Population (COHP) are calculated to enlighten the stability and bonding characteristics in the structure of Rh5Ga2As. The bonding analysis also confirms that Rh–Ga/As short contacts are the major driving force towards the overall stability of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Roy
- Department of Chemistry , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India
| | | | - Harshit
- Department of Chemistry , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India
| | - Partha P. Jana
- Department of Chemistry , IIT Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India
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42
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Bao JK, Bugaris DE, Zheng H, Chung DY, Kanatzidis MG. A Noncentrosymmetric Polymorph of LuRuGe. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7827-7833. [PMID: 33998812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a new polymorph of LuRuGe, obtained in indium flux. This phase exhibits the noncentrosymmetric ZrNiAl-type structure with the space group P6̅2m as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This polymorph can convert into another centrosymmetric polymorph (TiNiSi-type structure, space group Pnma) at high temperatures. We performed electrical transport, magnetization, and specific heat measurements on this new phase. It shows metallic behavior with a Hall sign change from negative at 2 K to positive at 125 K. LuRuGe exhibits Pauli paramagnetism as the ground state with no local magnetic moments from either the Ru or Lu site. The Debye temperature Θ = 348 K and electronic coefficient γe = 3.6 mJ K-2 mol-1 are extracted from the low-temperature specific heat data in LuRuGe. We also carried out first-principles density functional theory calculations to map out the electronic band structure and density of states. There are several electronic bands crossing the Fermi level, supporting a multiband scenario consistent with the Hall sign change. The density of states around the Fermi level is mainly from Ru 4d and Ge 4p electrons, indicating a strong hybridization between those atomic orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ke Bao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Daniel E Bugaris
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Huihuo Zheng
- Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Duck Young Chung
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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43
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Verchenko VY, Shevelkov AV. Endohedral cluster intermetallic superconductors: at the frontier between chemistry and physics. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5109-5114. [PMID: 33881090 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
When a transition metal combines with an excess of a p-metal, the latter forms endohedral clusters with the number of vertices up to 14. These clusters are the building units of endohedral cluster intermetallic compounds. Although discovered a few decades ago, they have gained renewed interest due to their peculiar crystal and electronic structures and frequently observed superconducting properties. Advances over recent years reveal that endohedral cluster architectures are flexible enough, enabling chemical substitutions and the formation of a series of structurally related phases, where the same clusters can be arranged in different ways. Within the structural series, the superconducting-state parameters, including critical temperature and magnetic field, can be controlled and finely tuned. Herein, we present the most recent results in the chemical properties and superconductivity of endohedral cluster intermetallics and provide an outlook for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Yu Verchenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andrei V Shevelkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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44
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Koley B, Roy N, Harshit, Mallick S, Simonov A, Jana PP. A Vacancy-Driven Intermetallic Phase: Rh 3Cd 5-δ (δ ∼ 0.56). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5488-5496. [PMID: 33779152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A nonstoichiometric line phase, Rh3Cd5-δ (δ ∼ 0.56), is found in close vicinity to RhCd and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the cubic space group Im3m (No. 229) with lattice constant a = 6.3859(9) Å and represents a 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure of RhCd, which accommodates a vacancy concentration of nearly 6% in its crystal structure. The first-principles electronic structure calculation on a hypothetical ordered configuration of Rh3Cd5-δ reveals that Rh-Cd heteroatomic interaction plays a major role in the stability of the compound. A combination of the total energy, formation energy, and crystal orbital Hamilton population calculations on hypothetical model configurations establishes that the compound upholds an optimum vacancy concentration in the Cd2a (Cd1) site for the stability of the phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Koley
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Nilanjan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Harshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Subhadip Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Partha P Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Duchardt M, Haddadpour S, Kaib T, Bron P, Roling B, Dehnen S. Different Chemical Environments of [Ge 4Se 10] 4- in the Li + Compounds [Li 4(H 2O) 16][Ge 4Se 10]·4.33H 2O, [{Li 4(thf) 12}Ge 4Se 10], and [Li 2(H 2O) 8][MnGe 4Se 10], and Ionic Conductivity of Underlying "Li 4Ge 4Se 10". Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5224-5231. [PMID: 33764781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystalline selenido germanates [Li4(H2O)16][Ge4Se10]·4.3H2O (1), [{Li4(thf)12}Ge4Se10] (2), and [Li2(H2O)8][MnGe4Se10] (3) (thf = THF = tetrahydrofuran) were obtained by an extraction of a glassy ternary phase of the nominal composition Li4Ge4Se10 (=Li2S·2GeSe2) with water (1) or THF (2) and slow evaporation of the solvent or by being layered with MnBr2 in H2O/MeOH (3), respectively. The compounds contain known selenido germanate anions, however, for the first time with Li+ counterions. This is especially remarkable for the prominent ∞3{[MnGe4Se10]2-} open-framework structure, which was reported to crystallize with (NMe4)+, Cs+, Rb+, and K+ counterions, but it has not yet been realized with the smallest alkali metal cation. Impedance spectroscopic studies on Li4Ge4Se10 classify the glassy solid as a moderate Li+ ion conductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Duchardt
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sima Haddadpour
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaib
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Bron
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Roling
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Quantum spin liquids are an exciting playground for exotic physical phenomena and emergent many-body quantum states. The realization and discovery of quantum spin liquid candidate materials and associated phenomena lie at the intersection of solid-state chemistry, condensed matter physics, and materials science and engineering. In this review, we provide the current status of the crystal chemistry, synthetic techniques, physical properties, and research methods in the field of quantum spin liquids. We highlight a number of specific quantum spin liquid candidate materials and their structure-property relationships, elucidating their fascinating behavior and connecting it to the intricacies of their structures. Furthermore, we share our thoughts on defects and their inevitable presence in materials, of which quantum spin liquids are no exception, which can complicate the interpretation of characterization of these materials, and urge the community to extend their attention to materials preparation and data analysis, cognizant of the impact of defects. This review was written with the intention of providing guidance on improving the materials design and growth of quantum spin liquids, and to paint a picture of the beauty of the underlying chemistry of this exciting class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Chamorro
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tyrel M McQueen
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thao T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Kumar N, Guin SN, Manna K, Shekhar C, Felser C. Topological Quantum Materials from the Viewpoint of Chemistry. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2780-2815. [PMID: 33151662 PMCID: PMC7953380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Topology, a mathematical concept, has recently become a popular and truly transdisciplinary topic encompassing condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry, and materials science. Since there is a direct connection between real space, namely atoms, valence electrons, bonds, and orbitals, and reciprocal space, namely bands and Fermi surfaces, via symmetry and topology, classifying topological materials within a single-particle picture is possible. Currently, most materials are classified as trivial insulators, semimetals, and metals or as topological insulators, Dirac and Weyl nodal-line semimetals, and topological metals. The key ingredients for topology are certain symmetries, the inert pair effect of the outer electrons leading to inversion of the conduction and valence bands, and spin-orbit coupling. This review presents the topological concepts related to solids from the viewpoint of a solid-state chemist, summarizes techniques for growing single crystals, and describes basic physical property measurement techniques to characterize topological materials beyond their structure and provide examples of such materials. Finally, a brief outlook on the impact of topology in other areas of chemistry is provided at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical
Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Satya N. Guin
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical
Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaustuv Manna
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical
Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical
Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical
Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Klenner S, Bönnighausen J, Pöttgen R. Ternary plumbides ATPb 2 ( A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu; T = Rh, Pd, Pt) with distorted, lonsdaleite-related substructures of tetrahedrally connected lead atoms. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The plumbides CaTPb2 (T = Rh, Pd), EuTPb2 (T = Rh, Pd, Pt), SrTPb2 (T = Rh, Pd, Pt) and BaTPb2 (T = Pd, Pt) were obtained by direct reactions of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes in an induction furnace. The moisture sensitive polycrystalline samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. They crystallize with the orthorhombic MgCuAl2-type structure, space group Cmcm. The structures of CaRhPb2 (a = 433.78(3), b = 1102.06(8), c = 798.43(6) pm, wR = 0.0285, 432 F2 values and 16 variables) and EuPdPb2 (a = 457.24(5), b = 1158.27(13), c = 775.73(8), wR = 0.0464, 464 F2 values and 16 variables) were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The characteristic structural motif is the distorted tetrahedral substructure built up by the lead atoms with Pb–Pb distances of 326–327 pm in CaRhPb2 and of 315–345 pm in EuPdPb2. With increasing size of the alkaline earth (Eu) cation, the lead substructure becomes more anisotropic with a shift of the [TPb2] polyanions from three- to two-dimensional, leading to significantly increased moisture sensitivity. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility studies reveal Pauli paramagnetism for SrRhPb2, SrPtPb2, BaPdPb2 and BaPtPb2. EuRhPb2 and EuPdPb2 are Curie–Weiss paramagnets with stable divalent europium as is also evident from 151Eu Mössbauer spectra. EuRhPb2 is a ferromagnet with T
C = 17.7(2) K, while EuPdPb2 orders antiferromagnetically at T
N = 15.9 K. This is in agreement with the full magnetic hyperfine field splitting of the 151Eu Mössbauer spectra at T = 6 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Klenner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Judith Bönnighausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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Roy N, Chakrabarty A, Koley B, Saha-Dasgupta T, Jana PP. Site preference and atomic ordering in the structure of In3Pd5: A theoretical study. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Wolfgang Jeitschko, 27.05.1936--05.08.2020. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2020-9891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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