1
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Scholte A, Hauche S, Wagner M, Prehm M, Poppe S, Chen C, Liu F, Zeng X, Ungar G, Tschierske C. A self-assembled liquid crystal honeycomb of highly stretched (3-1-1)-hexagons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:62-65. [PMID: 31799978 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08502e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new liquid crystalline honeycomb phase is reported, containing highly stretched giant hexagonal cells with two opposing walls spanned by three consecutive end-to-end H-bonded rods, the (3-1-1) hexagons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scholte
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hauche
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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2
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Zhao K, Xiao Y, Chang Q, Zhang D, Cheng X. Azobenzene-based asymmetric bolaamphiphiles: Formation of LC phases with honeycomb structures and gels with helical structures. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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3
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Xing W, Xiao Y, Zhao K, Kong T, Cheng X. Control of supramolecular nanoassemblies by tuning the polarities of linkages and solvents. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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4
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Prehm M, Enders C, Mang X, Zeng X, Liu F, Ungar G, Baumeister U, Tschierske C. Lamellar Liquid Crystals of In-Plane Lying Rod-Like Mesogens with Designer Side-Chains: The Case of Sliding versus Locked Layers. Chemistry 2018; 24:16072-16084. [PMID: 29939440 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The dimensionality of self-assembled nanostructures plays an essential role for their properties and applications. Herein, an understanding of the transition from weakly to strongly coupled layers in soft matter systems is provided involving in-plane organized π-conjugated rods. For this purpose, bolaamphiphilic triblock molecules consisting of a rigid biphenyl core, polar glycerol groups at the ends, and a branched (swallow-tail) or linear alkyl or semiperfluoroalkyl chain in lateral position have been synthesized and investigated. Besides weakly coupled lamellar isotropic (LamIso ), lamellar nematic (LamN ) and sliding lamellar smectic phases (LamSm ), a sequence of three distinct types of strongly coupled (correlated) lamellar smectic phases with either centered (c2mm) or non-centered rectangular (p2mm) lattice and an intermediate oblique lattices (p2) were observed depending on chain length, chain branching and degree of chain fluorination. This new sequence is explained by the strengthening of the layer coupling and the competition between energetic packing constraints and the entropic contribution of either longitudinal or tangential fluctuations. This example of directed side chain engineering of small generic model compounds provides general clues for morphological design of two-dimensional and three-dimensionally coupled lamellar systems involving larger π-conjugated molecular rods and molecular or supramolecular polymers, being of actual interest in organic electronics and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Enders
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Xiaobin Mang
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Robert Hadfield Building Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Robert Hadfield Building Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Robert Hadfield Building Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.,Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha College Park, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, 06120, Halle, Germany
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5
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Zhang R, Gao H, Ren Y, Xiao Y, Hu J, Cheng X. Syntheses and Properties of meso-Substituted Porphyrin Mesogens with Triazole Linkages and Peripheral Alkyl Chains. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:536-544. [PMID: 29328555 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Discotic mesogens P/n-M (n=12, 16, 18, M=2 H, Zn and Cu) bearing a porphyrin core, triazole linkages and peripheral 3,4,5-trialkoxybenzyl units have been synthesized by a click-chemistry approach. The thermal behavior, photophysical properties and morphologies of these compounds were investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), XRD, UV and PL, SEM and TEM. These compounds can self-assemble into hexagonal columnar phases in their pure states and form organogels in 1,4-dioxane with unusually flower-like sphere morphology. The supramolecular complexes of P/18-Zn with C70 or 4,7-di-4-pydriyl-2,1,3-benzothadiazole can display hexagonal columnar phases too. Additionally, zinc porphyrin compounds P/n-Zn show binding selectivity to Cu2+ among a series of cations in THF/H2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China.,Forensic Medicine of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
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6
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Zhang B, Xiao Y, Fang H, Gao H, Wang F, Cheng X. Mesogenic D–A fluorophores based on cyanovinyl and benzothiadiazole. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized cyanovinyl and BTD based fluorophores displayed LC, Gel as well as optical waveguide and chemosensor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yulong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Fuke Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
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7
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Poppe S, Poppe M, Ebert H, Prehm M, Chen C, Liu F, Werner S, Bacia K, Tschierske C. Effects of Lateral and Terminal Chains of X-Shaped Bolapolyphiles with Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Cores on Self-Assembly Behaviour. Part 1: Transition between Amphiphilic and Polyphilic Self-Assembly in the Bulk. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E471. [PMID: 30965775 PMCID: PMC6418615 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphilic self-assembly leads to compartmentalization of space and development of complex structures in soft matter on different length scales, reaching from the morphologies of block copolymers to the liquid crystalline (LC) phases of small molecules. Whereas block copolymers are known to form membranes and interact with phospholipid bilayers, liquid crystals have been less investigated in this respect. Here, series of bolapolyphilic X-shaped molecules were synthesized and investigated with respect to the effect of molecular structural parameters on the formation of LC phases (part 1), and on domain formation in phospholipid bilayer membranes (part 2). The investigated bolapolyphiles are based on a rod-like π-conjugated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) core with two glycerol groups being either directly attached or separated by additional ethylene oxide (EO) units to both ends. The X-shape is provided by two lateral alkyl chains attached at opposite sides of the OPE core, being either linear, branched, or semiperfluorinated. In this report, the focus is on the transition from polyphilic (triphilic or tetraphilic) to binary amphiphilic self-assembly. Polyphilic self-assembly, i.e., segregation of all three or four incorporated units into separate nano-compartments, leads to the formation of hexagonal columnar LC phases, representing triangular honeycombs. A continuous transition from the well-defined triangular honeycomb structures to simple hexagonal columnar phases, dominated by the arrangement of polar columns on a hexagonal lattice in a mixed continuum formed by the lipophilic chains and the OPE rods, i.e., to amphiphilic self-assembly, was observed by reducing the length and volume of the lateral alkyl chains. A similar transition was found upon increasing the length of the EO units involved in the polar groups. If the lateral alkyl chains are enlarged or replaced by semiperfluorinated chains, then the segregation of lateral chains and rod-like cores is retained, even for enlarged polar groups, i.e., the transition from polyphilic to amphiphilic self-assembly is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Helgard Ebert
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marko Prehm
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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8
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Gu K, Wen T, Han M, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Fan X, Ho RM. Shape effect-induced spiral superstructures in a self-assembled achiral disc-bent core amphiphile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11794-11797. [PMID: 29034912 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we aim to demonstrate the shape effect of a giant molecule on the self-assembly of supramolecules. A bent-core (BC) molecule was covalently linked to a disc-like hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), giving a disc-bent core amphiphile. As a result, the induced hierarchical chirality driven by the shape effect on the forming columnar phase gives a two-dimensional nano-ribbon with spiral texture from double-stranded supracolumns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Gu K, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Han M, Zhang W, Shen Z, Fan X. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Disc-Rod Shape Amphiphiles Having Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene and a Relatively Long Rod. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3311-3316. [PMID: 28298085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two disc-rod shape amphiphiles consisting of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and a nanosized rodlike mesogen were designed and synthesized. Thermotropic phase behaviors were carefully studied. Despite significant steric mismatch between the discs and rods, hierarchical structures were observed for both disc-rod shape amphiphiles at ambient temperature and upon heating. Molecular packing schemes were proposed and confirmed using the reconstructed electron density maps, molecular dynamics simulation, and direct observation using transmission electron microscope. The results demonstrate that the shape effect is of great importance in the self-assembly of shape amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinghe Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Kim HJ, Kim Y, Cho S, Lee M. Self-Assembly of a Tripod Aromatic Rod into Stacked Planar Networks. Chemistry 2015; 21:11836-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Yi SB, Gao HF, Li Q, Ye YF, Wu N, Cheng XH. Synthesis and self-assembly behavior of 2,5-diphenylethynyl thiophene based bolaamphiphiles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Zhang R, Zeng X, Prehm M, Liu F, Grimm S, Geuss M, Steinhart M, Tschierske C, Ungar G. Honeycombs in honeycombs: complex liquid crystal alumina composite mesostructures. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4500-4509. [PMID: 24758721 DOI: 10.1021/nn406368e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study orientation patterns of two polyphilic liquid crystals (LC) confined to cylindrical pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). The hierarchical hybrid systems had the LC honeycomb (lattice parameter 3.5-4 nm) inside the pores of the AAO honeycomb (diameters 60 and 400 nm). By conducting complete reciprocal space mapping using SAXS, we conclude that the columns of both compounds align in planes normal to the AAO pore axis, with a specific crystallographic direction of the LC lattice aligning strictly parallel to the pore axis. AFM of LC-containing AAO fracture surfaces further revealed that the columns of the planar anchoring LC (compound 1) formed concentric circles in the plane normal to the pore axis near the AAO wall. Toward the pore center, the circles become anisometric "racetrack" loops consisting of two straight segments and two semicircles. This mode compensates for slight ellipticity of the pore cross section. Indications are, however, that for perfectly circular pores, circular shape is maintained right to the center of the pore, the radius coming down to the size of a molecule. For the homeotropically anchoring compound 2, the columns are to the most part straight and parallel to each other, arranged in layers normal to the AAO pore axis, like logs in an ordered pile. Only near the pore wall the columns splay somewhat. In both cases, columns are confined to layers strictly perpendicular to the AAO pore axis, and there is no sign of escape to the third dimension or of axial orientation, the latter having been reported previously for some discotic LCs. The main cause of the two new LC configurations, the "racetrack" and the "logpile", and of their difference from those of confined nematic LC, is the very high splay energy and low bend energy of columnar phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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13
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Liu F, Prehm M, Zeng X, Tschierske C, Ungar G. Skeletal Cubic, Lamellar, and Ribbon Phases of Bundled Thermotropic Bolapolyphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6846-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin
Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin
Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin
Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
- Department
of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha College Park, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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14
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Zhu J, Zhong K, Liang Y, Wang Z, Chen T, Jin LY. Synthesis and self-assembly of oligomers containing cruciform 9,10-bis(arylethynyl)anthracene unit: formation of supramolecular nanostructures based on rod-length-dependent organization. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Breckon R, Chakraborty S, Zhang C, Diorio N, Gleeson JT, Sprunt S, Twieg RJ, Jákli A. Nanostructures of Nematic Materials of Laterally Branched Molecules. Chemphyschem 2013; 15:1457-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Tschierske C. Entwicklung struktureller Komplexität durch Selbstorganisation in flüssigkristallinen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Tschierske C. Development of structural complexity by liquid-crystal self-assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8828-78. [PMID: 23934786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the liquid-crystalline state of matter 125 years ago, this field has developed into a scientific area with many facets. This Review presents recent developments in the molecular design and self-assembly of liquid crystals. The focus is on new exciting soft-matter structures distinct from the usually observed nematic, smectic, and columnar phases. These new structures have enhanced complexity, including multicompartment and cellular structures, periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of spheres, and new emergent properties, such as ferroelctricity and spontaneous achiral symmetry-breaking. Comparisons are made with developments in related fields, such as self-assembled monolayers, multiblock copolymers, and nanoparticle arrays. Measures of structural complexity used herein are the size of the lattice, the number of distinct compartments, the dimensionality, and the logic depth of the resulting supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschierske
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany.
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18
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Cheng X, Gao H, Tan X, Yang X, Prehm M, Ebert H, Tschierske C. Transition between triangular and square tiling patterns in liquid-crystalline honeycombs formed by tetrathiophene-based bolaamphiphiles. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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19
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Tschierske C. Microsegregation: From Basic Concepts to Complexity in Liquid Crystal Self-Assembly. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Liu F, Kieffer R, Zeng X, Pelz K, Prehm M, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Arrays of giant octagonal and square cylinders by liquid crystalline self-assembly of X-shaped polyphilic molecules. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1104. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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21
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Kim HJ, Liu F, Ryu JH, Kang SK, Zeng X, Ungar G, Lee JK, Zin WC, Lee M. Self-Organization of Bent Rod Molecules into Hexagonally Ordered Vesicular Columns. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13871-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Wang-Cheol Zin
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Paczesny J, Sozański K, Żywociński A, Hołyst R, Glettner B, Kieffer R, Tschierske C, Nikiforov K, Pociecha D, Górecka E. Spontaneous self-assembly of partially fluorinated bolaamphiphiles into ordered layered structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14365-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Tschierske C, Nürnberger C, Ebert H, Glettner B, Prehm M, Liu F, Zeng XB, Ungar G. Complex tiling patterns in liquid crystals. Interface Focus 2011; 2:669-80. [PMID: 24098852 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this account recent progress in enhancing the complexity of liquid crystal self-assembly is highlighted. The discussed superstructures are formed mainly by polyphilic T-shaped and X-shaped molecules composed of a rod-like core, tethered with glycerol units at both ends and flexible non-polar chain(s) in lateral position, but also related inverted molecular structures are considered. A series of honeycomb phases composed of polygonal cylinders ranging from triangular to hexagonal, followed by giant cylinder honeycombs is observed for ternary T-shaped polyphiles on increasing the size of the lateral chain(s). Increasing the chain size further leads to new modes of lamellar organization followed by three-dimensional and two-dimensional structures incorporating branched and non-branched axial rod-bundles. Grafting incompatible chains to opposite sides of the rod-like core leads to quaternary X-shaped polyphiles. These form liquid crystalline honeycombs where different cells are filled with different material. Projected on an Euclidian plane, all honeycomb phases can be described either by uniformly coloured Archimedean and Laves tiling patterns (T-shaped polyphiles) or as multi-colour tiling patterns (X-shaped polyphiles). It is shown that geometric frustration, combined with the tendency to segregate incompatible chains into different compartments and the need to find a periodic tiling pattern, leads to a significant increase in the complexity of soft self-assembly. Mixing of different chains greatly enhances the number of possible 'colours' and in this way, periodic structures comprising up to seven distinct compartments can be generated. Relations to biological self-assembly are discussed shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry , Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale , Germany
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Cheng X, Liu F, Zeng X, Ungar G, Kain J, Diele S, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Influence of Flexible Spacers on Liquid-Crystalline Self-Assembly of T-Shaped Bolaamphiphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7872-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200822z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources (Ministry of Education), Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S13JD, U.K
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S13JD, U.K
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S13JD, U.K
- WCU program Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Nitoń P, Żywociński A, Paczesny J, Fiałkowski M, Hołyst R, Glettner B, Kieffer R, Tschierske C, Pociecha D, Górecka E. Aggregation and Layering Transitions in Thin Films of X-, T-, and Anchor-Shaped Bolaamphiphiles at the Air-Water Interface. Chemistry 2011; 17:5861-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Prehm M, Liu F, Zeng X, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Axial-Bundle Phases − New Modes of 2D, 3D, and Helical Columnar Self-Assembly in Liquid Crystalline Phases of Bolaamphiphiles with Swallow Tail Lateral Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4906-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Prehm
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S13JD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S13JD, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S13JD, United Kingdom
- WCU Program Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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Tschierske C. Fluorinated Liquid Crystals: Design of Soft Nanostructures and Increased Complexity of Self-Assembly by Perfluorinated Segments. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 318:1-108. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ungar G, Liu F, Zeng XB, Glettner B, Prehm M, Kieffer R, Tschierske C. GISAXS in the study of supramolecular and hybrid liquid crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/247/1/012032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cheng X, Bai X, Jing S, Ebert H, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Self-Assembly of Imidazolium-Based Rodlike Ionic Liquid Crystals: Transition from Lamellar to Micellar Organization. Chemistry 2010; 16:4588-601. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cheng X, Dong X, Wei G, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Liquid-Crystalline Triangle Honeycomb Formed by a Dithiophene-Based X-Shaped Bolaamphiphile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8014-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cheng X, Dong X, Wei G, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Liquid-Crystalline Triangle Honeycomb Formed by a Dithiophene-Based X-Shaped Bolaamphiphile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Glettner B, Liu F, Zeng X, Prehm M, Baumeister U, Walker M, Bates M, Boesecke P, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Liquid-Crystalline Kagome. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9063-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Glettner B, Liu F, Zeng X, Prehm M, Baumeister U, Walker M, Bates M, Boesecke P, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Liquid-Crystalline Kagome. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Glettner B, Liu F, Zeng X, Prehm M, Baumeister U, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Liquid-Crystal Engineering with Anchor-Shaped Molecules: Honeycombs with Hexagonal and Trigonal Symmetries Formed by Polyphilic Bent-Core Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6080-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Glettner B, Liu F, Zeng X, Prehm M, Baumeister U, Ungar G, Tschierske C. Liquid-Crystal Engineering with Anchor-Shaped Molecules: Honeycombs with Hexagonal and Trigonal Symmetries Formed by Polyphilic Bent-Core Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prehm M, Enders C, Anzahaee M, Glettner B, Baumeister U, Tschierske C. Distinct Columnar and Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Phases Formed by New Bolaamphiphiles with Linear and Branched Lateral Hydrocarbon Chains. Chemistry 2008; 14:6352-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kieffer R, Prehm M, Glettner B, Pelz K, Baumeister U, Liu F, Zeng X, Ungar G, Tschierske C. X-Shaped polyphilics: liquid crystal honeycombs with single-molecule walls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3861-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b804945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tschierske C. Liquid crystal engineering – new complex mesophase structures and their relations to polymer morphologies, nanoscale patterning and crystal engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1930-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b615517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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