1
|
Zhang Z, Poletti L, Leonori D. A Radical Strategy for the Alkylation of Amides with Alkyl Halides by Merging Boryl Radical-Mediated Halogen-Atom Transfer and Copper Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22424-22430. [PMID: 39087940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Amide alkylation is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. However, the low nucleophilicity of amides means that divergent coupling with alkyl electrophiles is often not achievable. To circumvent this reactivity challenge, individual amine synthesis followed by amidation with standard coupling agents is generally required. Herein, we demonstrate a radical solution to this challenge by using an amine-borane complex and copper catalysis under oxidative conditions. While borohydride reagents are generally used as reducing agents in ionic chemistry, their conversion into amine-ligated boryl radicals diverts their reactivity toward halogen-atom transfer. This enables the conversion of alkyl halides into the corresponding alkyl radicals for amide functionalization via copper catalysis. The process is applicable to the N-alkylation of primary amides employing unactivated alkyl iodides and bromides, and it was also showcased in the late-state functionalization of both complex amide- and halide-containing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Poletti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sterling AJ, Ciccia NR, Guo Y, Hartwig JF, Head-Gordon M. Mechanistic Insights into the Origins of Selectivity in a Cu-Catalyzed C-H Amidation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6168-6177. [PMID: 38381006 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic transformation of C-H to C-N bonds offers rapid access to fine chemicals and high-performance materials, but achieving high selectivity from undirected aminations of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds remains an outstanding challenge. We report the origins of the reactivity and selectivity of a Cu-catalyzed C-H amidation of simple alkanes. Using a combination of experimental and computational mechanistic studies and energy decomposition techniques, we uncover a switch in mechanism from inner-sphere to outer-sphere coupling between alkyl radicals and the active Cu(II) catalyst with increasing substitution of the alkyl radical. The combination of computational predictions and detailed experimental validation shows that simultaneous minimization of both Cu-C covalency and alkyl radical size increases the rate of reductive elimination and that both strongly electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the catalyst accelerate the selectivity-determining C-N bond formation process as a result of a change in mechanism. These findings offer design principles for the development of improved catalyst scaffolds for radical C-H functionalization reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Sterling
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicodemo R Ciccia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Golden DL, Zhang C, Chen SJ, Vasilopoulos A, Guzei IA, Stahl SS. Benzylic C-H Esterification with Limiting C-H Substrate Enabled by Photochemical Redox Buffering of the Cu Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9434-9440. [PMID: 37084265 PMCID: PMC10510071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed radical-relay reactions provide a versatile strategy for selective C-H functionalization; however, reactions with peroxide-based oxidants often require excess C-H substrate. Here, we report a photochemical strategy to overcome this limitation by using a Cu/2,2'-biquinoline catalyst that supports benzylic C-H esterification with limiting C-H substrate. Mechanistic studies indicate that blue-light irradiation promotes carboxylate-to-copper charge transfer, reducing resting-state CuII to CuI, which activates the peroxide to generate an alkoxyl radical hydrogen-atom-transfer species. This "photochemical redox buffering" introduces a unique strategy to sustain the activity of Cu catalysts in radical-relay reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Present Address: Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present Address: Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present Address: AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lv XY, Abrams R, Martin R. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-Amination of Ketone-Derived Dihydroquinazolinones by Aromatization-Driven C-C Bond Scission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217386. [PMID: 36576703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a copper-catalyzed C(sp3 )-amination of proaromatic dihydroquinazolinones derived from ketones. The reaction is enabled by the intermediacy of open-shell species arising from homolytic C-C bond-cleavage driven by aromatization. The protocol is characterized by its operational simplicity and generality, including chemical diversification of advanced intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Lv
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roman Abrams
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmed ME, Raghibi Boroujeni M, Ghosh P, Greene C, Kundu S, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation by a Low-Coordinate Copper Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21136-21145. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Estak Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Mahdi Raghibi Boroujeni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Pokhraj Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ji H, Wang Z, Zhan H, Fang Z, Zhang Q, Li D. Copper-catalyzed benzylic C–H amidation of toluene derivatives with N-(8-quinolyl)amides through C(sp3)–H/N–H cross dehydrogenative coupling. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Ji H, Zhan H, Chen S, Fang Z, Zhang Q, Li D. Copper‐catalyzed C(sp
3
)−H/N−H Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Between Toluene Derivatives and Picolinamides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ji
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Hongju Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization Jingchu University of Technology Jingmen 448000 China
| | - Shumin Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization Jingchu University of Technology Jingmen 448000 China
| | - Zeguo Fang
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Dong Li
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization Jingchu University of Technology Jingmen 448000 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Figula BC, Chen TA, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Methylation via Radical Relay. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C. Figula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ting-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ibni Hashim I, Tzouras NV, Janssens W, Scattolin T, Bourda L, Bhandary S, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. Synthesis of Carbene‐Metal‐Amido (CMA) Complexes and Their Use as Precatalysts for the Activator‐Free, Gold‐Catalyzed Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Alkynes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201224. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)-H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [PMID: 35965690 PMCID: PMC9364982 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C─H functionalization reactions are playing an increasing role in the preparation and modification of complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymer precursors. Radical C─H functionalization reactions, initiated by hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and proceeding via open-shell radical intermediates, have been expanding rapidly in recent years. These methods introduce strategic opportunities to functionalize C(sp3)─H bonds. Examples include synthetically useful advances in radical-chain reactivity and biomimetic radical-rebound reactions. A growing number of reactions, however, proceed via "radical relay" whereby HAT generates a diffusible radical that is functionalized by a separate reagent or catalyst. The latter methods provide the basis for versatile C─H cross-coupling methods with diverse partners. In the present review, highlights of recent radical-chain and radical-rebound methods provide context for a survey of emerging radical-relay methods, which greatly expand the scope and utility of intermolecular C(sp3)─H functionalization and cross coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
| | - Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu D, Li Y, Wang P, Wang Z, Yang D, Gong Y. Cu-Catalyzed C (sp3)–N Coupling and Alkene Carboamination Enabled by Ligand-Promoted Selective Hydrazine Transfer to Alkyl Radicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yadong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoyi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Z, Górski B, Leonori D. Merging Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) and Copper Catalysis for the Modular Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Iodides and Organoborons. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1986-1992. [PMID: 35061390 PMCID: PMC9098170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report here a mechanistically
distinct approach to achieve Suzuki–Miyaura-type
cross-couplings between alkyl iodides and aryl organoborons. This
process requires a copper catalyst but, in contrast with previous
approaches based on palladium and nickel systems, does not utilizes
the metal for the activation of the alkyl electrophile. Instead, this
strategy exploits the halogen-atom-transfer ability of α-aminoalkyl
radicals to convert secondary alkyl iodides into the corresponding
alkyl radicals that then are coupled with aryl, vinyl, alkynyl, benzyl,
and allyl boronate species. These novel coupling reactions feature
a simple setup and conditions (1 h at room temperature) and facilitate
access to privileged motifs targeted by the pharmaceutical sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Bartosz Górski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang DJ, Targos K, Wickens ZK. Electrochemical Synthesis of Allylic Amines from Terminal Alkenes and Secondary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21503-21510. [PMID: 34914394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Allylic amines are valuable synthetic targets en route to diverse biologically active amine products. Current allylic C-H amination strategies remain limited with respect to the viable N-substituents. Herein, we disclose a new electrochemical process to prepare aliphatic allylic amines by coupling two abundant starting materials: secondary amines and unactivated alkenes. This oxidative transformation proceeds via electrochemical generation of an electrophilic adduct between thianthrene and the alkene substrates. Treatment of these adducts with aliphatic amine nucleophiles and base provides allylic amine products in high yield. This synthetic strategy is also amenable to functionalization of feedstock gaseous alkenes at 1 atm. In the case of 1-butene, high Z-selective crotylation is observed. This strategy, however, is not limited to the synthesis of simple building blocks; complex biologically active molecules are suitable as both alkene and amine coupling partners. Preliminary mechanistic studies implicate vinylthianthrenium salts as key reactive intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rajamanickam S, Saraswat M, Venkataramani S, Patel BK. Intermolecular CDC amination of remote and proximal unactivated C sp3 -H bonds through intrinsic substrate reactivity - expanding towards a traceless directing group. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15318-15328. [PMID: 34976352 PMCID: PMC8635183 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04365j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An intermolecular radical based distal selectivity in appended alkyl chains has been developed. The selectivity is maximum when the distal carbon is γ to the appended group and decreases by moving from γ → δ → ε positions. In –COO– linked alkyl chains, the same distal γ-selectivity is observed irrespective of its origin, either from the alkyl carboxy acid or alkyl alcohol. The appended groups include esters, N–H protected amines, phthaloyl, sulfone, sulfinimide, nitrile, phosphite, phosphate and borate esters. In borate esters, boron serves as a traceless directing group, which is hitherto unprecedented for any remote Csp3–H functionalization. The selectivity order follows the trend: 3° benzylic > 2° benzylic > 3° tertiary > α to keto > distal methylene (γ > δ > ε). Computations predicted the radical stability (thermodynamic factors) and the kinetic barriers as the factors responsible for such trends. Remarkably, this strategy eludes any designer catalysts, and the selectivity is due to the intrinsic substrate reactivity. An intermolecular amination at the distal methylene carbon has been realized in an appended alkyl chain with electron withdrawing groups. Traceless remote Csp3–H functionalization has been accomplished using borate esters.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rajamanickam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati North Guwahati Address Assam-781039 India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli SAS Nagar 140306 India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli SAS Nagar 140306 India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati North Guwahati Address Assam-781039 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chiral bis(pyrazolyl)methane copper(I) complexes and their application in nitrene transfer reactions. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, chiral bis(pyrazolyl)methane copper(I) acetonitrile complexes were applied to generate two novel terminal copper tosyl nitrene complexes with the nitrene generating agent SPhINTs in dichloromethane at low temperatures. The syntheses of the chiral bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands are based on pulegone and camphor, members of the natural chiral pool. The chiral copper(I) acetonitrile complexes were applied as catalysts in the copper nitrene mediated aziridination reaction of different styrene derivatives and the C–H amination of various substrates. The reactions afforded good yields, but low enantiomeric excess under mild conditions. The nitrene species have been characterized with UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy and the products of the decay by ESI mass spectrometry.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghosh SK, Hu M, Comito R. One-Pot Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Amines via Mild and Selective sp3 C-H Imination. Chemistry 2021; 27:17601-17608. [PMID: 34387903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct replacement of sp3 C-H bonds with simple amine units (-NH2) remains synthetically challenging, although primary aliphatic amines are ubiquitous in medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. We report a mild and selective protocol for preparing primary and secondary aliphatic amines in a single pot, based on intermolecular sp3 C-H imination. The first C-H imination of diverse alkanes, this method shows useful site-selectivity within substrates bearing multiple sp3 C-H bonds. Furthermore, this reaction tolerates polar functional groups relevant for complex molecule synthesis, highlighted in the synthesis of amine pharmaceuticals and amination of natural products. We characterize a unique C-H imination mechanism based on radical rebound to an iminyl radical, supported by kinetic isotope effects, stereoablation, resubmission, and computational modeling. This work constitutes a selective method for complex amine synthesis and a new mechanistic platform for C-H amination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Ghosh
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| | - Mengnan Hu
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houstonn, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert Comito
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu J, Bollmeyer MM, Kim Y, Xiao D, MacMillan SN, Chen Q, Leng X, Kim SH, Zhao L, Lancaster KM, Deng L. An Isolable Mononuclear Palladium(I) Amido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10751-10759. [PMID: 34232039 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear Pd(I) species are putative intermediates in Pd-catalyzed reactions, but our knowledge about them is limited due to difficulties in accessing them. Herein, we report the isolation of a Pd(I) amido complex, [(BINAP)Pd(NHArTrip)] (BINAP = 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthalene, ArTrip = 2,6-bis(2',4',6'-triisopropylphenyl)phenyl), from the reaction of (BINAP)PdCl2 with LiNHArTrip. This Pd(I) amido species has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance, and multiedge Pd X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical study revealed that, while the three-electron-two-center π-interaction between Pd and N in the Pd(I) complex imposes severe Pauli repulsion in its Pd-N bond, pronounced attractive interligand dispersion force aids its stabilization. In accord with its electronic features, reactions of homolytic Pd-N bond cleavage and deprotonation of primary amines are observed on the Pd(I) amido complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Melissa M Bollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dengmengfei Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Górski B, Barthelemy AL, Douglas JJ, Juliá F, Leonori D. Copper-catalysed amination of alkyl iodides enabled by halogen-atom transfer. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
20
|
Tzouras NV, Martynova EA, Ma X, Scattolin T, Hupp B, Busen H, Saab M, Zhang Z, Falivene L, Pisanò G, Van Hecke K, Cavallo L, Cazin CSJ, Steffen A, Nolan SP. Simple Synthetic Routes to Carbene-M-Amido (M=Cu, Ag, Au) Complexes for Luminescence and Photocatalysis Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:11904-11911. [PMID: 34038002 PMCID: PMC8456869 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and operationally simple synthetic routes to carbene‐metal‐amido (CMA) complexes of copper, silver and gold relevant for photonic applications are reported. A mild base and sustainable solvents allow all reactions to be conducted in air and at room temperature, leading to high yields of the targeted compounds even on multigram scales. The effect of various mild bases on the N−H metallation was studied in silico and experimentally, while a mechanochemical, solvent‐free synthetic approach was also developed. Our photophysical studies on [M(NHC)(Cbz)] (Cbz=carbazolyl) indicate that the occurrence of fluorescent or phosphorescent states is determined primarily by the metal, providing control over the excited state properties. Consequently, we demonstrate the potential of the new CMAs beyond luminescence applications by employing a selected CMA as a photocatalyst. The exemplified synthetic ease is expected to accelerate the applications of CMAs in photocatalysis and materials chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina A Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Hupp
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hendrik Busen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gianmarco Pisanò
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281,S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hazra A, Kephart JA, Velian A, Lalic G. Hydroalkylation of Alkynes: Functionalization of the Alkenyl Copper Intermediate through Single Electron Transfer Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7903-7908. [PMID: 34004114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method for the stereoselective coupling of terminal alkynes and α-bromo carbonyls to generate functionalized E-alkenes. The coupling is accomplished by merging the closed-shell hydrocupration of alkynes with the open-shell single electron transfer (SET) chemistry of the resulting alkenyl copper intermediate. We demonstrate that the reaction is compatible with various functional groups and can be performed in the presence of aryl bromides, alkyl chlorides, alkyl bromides, esters, nitriles, amides, and a wide range of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for SET oxidation of the alkenyl copper intermediate by an α-bromo ester as the key step that enables the cross coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Ali A, Dong J, Zhang Y, Shi L, Liu Q, Fu J. Copper-Catalyzed Diamination of Unactivated Alkenes With Electron-Rich Amino Sources. Org Lett 2021; 23:4072-4077. [PMID: 33970646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic intermolecular diamination of unactivated alkenes with electron-rich amino sources is a challenge. Herein, by employing a directing-group strategy, a copper-catalyzed diamination of unactivated alkenes was realized. Symmetrical diamines were efficiently produced in a highly diastereoselective manner with readily available dialkylamines as amino sources, while a one-pot and two-step operation was necessary to produce the unsymmetrical diamines. These reactions were proposed to proceed through aziridinium intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lili Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sarkar P, Sarmah A, Mukherjee C. Synthesis, crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization, and theoretical elucidation of an elusive aminyl radical containing a Cu II-aminyl-iminosemiquinone complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1352-1355. [PMID: 33432948 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An elusive aminyl radical and an iminosemiquinone radical-coordinated square pyramidal Cu(ii) complex (1) have been isolated by the reaction between the noninnocent ligand H4LPy(AP) and Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O in the presence of Et3N and air as the sole oxidant. The geometry and electronic structure of the complex were concluded by X-ray crystallography, magnetic and EPR measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work reports the first crystallographic example of the two different types of radicals co-existing in a stable complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jayasooriya IU, Bakhoda A(G, Palmer R, Ng K, Khachemoune NL, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Copper( ii) ketimides in sp 3 C–H amination. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15733-15738. [PMID: 35003605 PMCID: PMC8654034 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercially available benzophenone imine (HN
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CPh2) reacts with β-diketiminato copper(ii) tert-butoxide complexes [CuII]–OtBu to form isolable copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2. Structural characterization of the three coordinate copper(ii) ketimide [Me3NN]Cu–NCPh2 reveals a short Cu-Nketimide distance (1.700(2) Å) with a nearly linear Cu–N–C linkage (178.9(2)°). Copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2 readily capture alkyl radicals R˙ (PhCH(˙)Me and Cy˙) to form the corresponding R–NCPh2 products in a process that competes with N–N coupling of copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2 to form the azine Ph2CN–NCPh2. Copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCAr2 serve as intermediates in catalytic sp3 C–H amination of substrates R–H with ketimines HNCAr2 and tBuOOtBu as oxidant to form N-alkyl ketimines R–NCAr2. This protocol enables the use of unactivated sp3 C–H bonds to give R–NCAr2 products easily converted to primary amines R–NH2via simple acidic deprotection. Commercially available benzophenone imine (HNCPh2) reacts with β-diketiminato copper(ii) tert-butoxide complexes [CuII]–OtBu to form isolable copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2 that serve as intermediates in catalytic sp3 C−H amination via radical relay.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isuri U. Jayasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Rachel Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kristi Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nour L. Khachemoune
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shao Z, Wang F, Shi J, Ma L, Li Z. Synergetic copper/TEMPO-catalysed benzylic C–H imidation with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide at room temperature and tandem conversions with alcohols or arenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00340b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A remote carbamate-directed benzylic C–H imidation with NFSI at room temperature through synergetic CuCl-TEMPO catalysis and tandem alkoxylation or arylation with alcohols or arenes are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu L, Li J, Yang J, Au-Yeung HY. Cross dehydrogenative C-O coupling catalysed by a catenane-coordinated copper(i). Chem Sci 2020; 11:13008-13014. [PMID: 34094485 PMCID: PMC8163234 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activity of copper(i) complexes supported by phenanthroline-containing catenane ligands towards a new C(sp3)–O dehydrogenative cross-coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is reported. As the phenanthrolines are interlocked by the strong and flexible mechanical bond in the catenane, the active catalyst with an open copper coordination site can be revealed only transiently and the stable, coordinatively saturated Cu(i) pre-catalyst is quickly regenerated after substrate transformation. Compared with a control Cu(i) complex supported by non-interlocked phenanthrolines, the catenane-supported Cu(i) is highly efficient with a broad substrate scope, and can be applied in gram-scale transformations without a significant loss of the catalytic activity. This work demonstrates the advantages of the catenane ligands that provide a dynamic and responsive copper coordination sphere, highlighting the potential of the mechanical bond as a design element in transition metal catalyst development. The use of a catenane-supported copper(i) complex for the cross dehydrogenative C–O coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is described.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bakhoda A, Okoromoba OE, Greene C, Boroujeni MR, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Three-Coordinate Copper(II) Alkynyl Complex in C-C Bond Formation: The Sesquicentennial of the Glaser Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18483-18490. [PMID: 32956589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper(II) alkynyl species are proposed as key intermediates in numerous Cu-catalyzed C-C coupling reactions. Supported by a β-diketiminate ligand, the three-coordinate copper(II) alkynyl [CuII]-C≡CAr (Ar = 2,6-Cl2C6H3) forms upon reaction of the alkyne H-C≡CAr with the copper(II) tert-butoxide complex [CuII]-OtBu. In solution, this [CuII]-C≡CAr species cleanly transforms to the Glaser coupling product ArC≡C-C≡CAr and [CuI](solvent). Addition of nucleophiles R'C≡C-Li (R' = aryl, silyl) and Ph-Li to [CuII]-C≡CAr affords the corresponding Csp-Csp and Csp-Csp2 coupled products RC≡C-C≡CAr and Ph-C≡CAr with concomitant generation of [CuI](solvent) and {[CuI]-C≡CAr}-, respectively. Supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, redox disproportionation forms [CuIII](C≡CAr)(R) species that reductively eliminate R-C≡CAr products. [CuII]-C≡CAr also captures the trityl radical Ph3C· to give Ph3C-C≡CAr. Radical capture represents the key Csp-Csp3 bond-forming step in the copper-catalyzed C-H functionalization of benzylic substrates R-H with alkynes H-C≡CR' (R' = (hetero)aryl, silyl) that provide Csp-Csp3 coupled products R-C≡CR via radical relay with tBuOOtBu as oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Bakhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Otome E Okoromoba
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Mahdi Raghibi Boroujeni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zheng YW, Narobe R, Donabauer K, Yakubov S, König B. Copper(II)-Photocatalyzed N–H Alkylation with Alkanes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Rok Narobe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Karsten Donabauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bakhoda AG, Wiese S, Greene C, Figula BC, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Radical Capture at Nickel(II) Complexes: C–C, C–N, and C–O Bond Formation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Gus Bakhoda
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Stefan Wiese
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Bryan C. Figula
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shing KP, Wan Q, Chang XY, Che CM. The first crystallographically characterised ruthenium(vi) alkylimido porphyrin competent for aerobic epoxidation and hydrogen atom abstraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4428-4431. [PMID: 32195498 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09972g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of [RuVI(Por)(NAd)(O)] and [RuVI(2,6-F2-TPP)(NAd)2] have been described. [RuVI(2,6-F2-TPP)(NAd)(O)] capable of catalysing aerobic epoxidation of alkenes has been characterised by X-ray crystallography with Ru[double bond, length as m-dash]NAd and Ru[double bond, length as m-dash]O bond distances being 1.778(5) Å and 1.760(4) Å (∠O-Ru-NAd: 174.37(19)°), respectively. Its first reduction potential is 740 mV cathodically shifted from that of [RuVI(2,6-F2-TPP)(O)2].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Pan Shing
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xie W, Heo J, Kim D, Chang S. Copper-Catalyzed Direct C-H Alkylation of Polyfluoroarenes by Using Hydrocarbons as an Alkylating Source. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7487-7496. [PMID: 32233362 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Construction of carbon-carbon bonds is one of the most important tools in chemical synthesis. In the previously established cross-coupling reactions, prefunctionalized starting materials were usually employed in the form of aryl or alkyl (pseudo)halides or their metalated derivatives. However, the direct use of arenes and alkanes via a 2-fold oxidative C-H bond activation strategy to access chemoselective C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-couplings is highly challenging due to the low reactivity of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and the difficulty in suppressing side reactions such as homocouplings. Herein, we present the new development of a copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of polyfluoroarenes with alkanes under mild conditions. Relatively weak sp3 C-H bonds at the benzylic or allylic positions, and nonactivated hydrocarbons could be alkylated by the newly developed catalyst system. A moderate-to-high site selectivity was observed among various C-H bonds present in hydrocarbon reactants, including gaseous feedstocks and complex molecules. Mechanistic information was obtained by performing combined experimental and computational studies to reveal that the copper catalyst plays a dual role in activating both alkane sp3 C-H bonds and sp2 polyfluoroarene C-H bonds. It was also suggested that the noncovalent π-π interaction and weak hydrogen bonds formed in situ between the optimal ligand and arene substrates are key to facilitating the current coupling reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nozawa‐Kumada K, Saga S, Matsuzawa Y, Hayashi M, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Benzylic C(sp
3
)−H Cyclization for the Synthesis of β‐Lactams. Chemistry 2020; 26:4496-4499. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Satoshi Saga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuzawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Trowbridge A, Walton SM, Gaunt MJ. New Strategies for the Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Amines. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2613-2692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Scarlett M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Oncology
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nozawa-Kumada K. C-H Functionalization by Transition-metal-catalyst or in Situ Generated Base. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1243-1251. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
37
|
Chen M, Dong G. Copper-Catalyzed Desaturation of Lactones, Lactams, and Ketones under pH-Neutral Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14889-14897. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
A computational DFT study of methane C H and ammine N H activations by group 9 N-pyrrolyl complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
39
|
Lei J, Yang Y, Peng L, Wu L, Peng P, Qiu R, Chen Y, Au C, Yin S. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling of Hydrocarbons with P(O)−NH Compounds: the Accelerating Effect Induced by Carboxylic Acid Coproduct. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yincai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingteng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Lesong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of MedicineHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 People's Republic of China
| | - Chak‐Tong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104, Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang‐Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Trammell R, Rajabimoghadam K, Garcia-Bosch I. Copper-Promoted Functionalization of Organic Molecules: from Biologically Relevant Cu/O 2 Model Systems to Organometallic Transformations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2954-3031. [PMID: 30698952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of the most abundant and less toxic transition metals. Nature takes advantage of the bioavailability and rich redox chemistry of Cu to carry out oxygenase and oxidase organic transformations using O2 (or H2O2) as oxidant. Inspired by the reactivity of these Cu-dependent metalloenzymes, chemists have developed synthetic protocols to functionalize organic molecules under enviormentally benign conditions. Copper also promotes other transformations usually catalyzed by 4d and 5d transition metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, etc.) such as nitrene insertions or C-C and C-heteroatom coupling reactions. In this review, we summarized the most relevant research in which copper promotes or catalyzes the functionalization of organic molecules, including biological catalysis, bioinspired model systems, and organometallic reactivity. The reaction mechanisms by which these processes take place are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Trammell
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | | | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shi P, Wang J, Gan Z, Zhang J, Zeng R, Zhao Y. A practical copper-catalyzed approach to β-lactams via radical carboamination of alkenyl carbonyl compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10523-10526. [PMID: 31415048 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized β-lactams are highly important motifs in synthetic chemistry. We report an efficient and novel approach to the synthesis of β-lactams via a copper(i)-catalyzed cascade process involving C(benzyl)-H radical abstraction, intermolecular alkene addition, and intramolecular amination reaction. Variously substituted alkenes were synthesized from vinylacetic acid, leading to the corresponding β-lactams in moderate to good yields. Preliminary studies indicate that the reaction undergoes a free radical mechanism via a Cu(i)/Cu(ii)/Cu(iii) catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sakurai S, Kato T, Sakamoto R, Maruoka K. Generation of alkyl radicals from alkylsilyl peroxides and their applications to C-N or C-O bond formations. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
43
|
Kramer S. Synthesis of α-Substituted Primary Benzylamines through Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. Org Lett 2018; 21:65-69. [PMID: 30557025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed route to α-substituted, primary benzylamines by C-H functionalization of alkylarenes is described. The method directly affords the amine hydrochloride salt. Catalyst loadings down to 0.1 mol % in combination with scalability, insensitivity to air and moisture, and no need for column chromatography makes the procedure highly practical. The facile synthesis of the racemate of a blockbuster drug highlights the relevance for the development of pharmaceuticals. Preliminary mechanistic data are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Kramer
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brišar R, Unglaube F, Hollmann D, Jiao H, Mejía E. Aerobic Oxidative Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Amines Catalyzed by Phenazine Radical Cations. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13481-13490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Brišar
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Unglaube
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Hollmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Esteban Mejía
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Reactivity of Rhodium(II) amido/Rhodium(I) aminyl complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Key mechanistic insights into the intramolecular C-H bond amination and double bond aziridination in sulfamate esters catalyzed by dirhodium tetracarboxylate complexes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Ma D, Pan J, Yin L, Xu P, Gao Y, Yin Y, Zhao Y. Copper-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative C–H Functionalization of Unactivated Cycloalkanes into Cycloalkyl Benzo[b]phosphole Oxides. Org Lett 2018; 20:3455-3459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dumei Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | | | - Lu Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | | | | | - Yingwu Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu H, Hu B, Huang H. Nickel-Catalyzed Alkylarylation of Activated Alkenes with Benzyl-amines via C-N Bond Activation. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29517114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed alkylarylation of active alkenes with tertiary benzylamines was achieved by charge-transfer-complex promoted C-N bond activation. The reaction proceeded through initial Ni-catalyzed C-N bond activation, followed by sequential radical addition, redox and proton abstraction with cleaved amine moiety in the absence of oxidant, and provides an efficient method to prepare various alkyl-substituted oxindoles and dihydroquinolinones in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Metal-free remote oxidative benzylic C−H amination of 4-methylanilides with N -fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
50
|
Abstract
Among organic compounds hydrocarbons are inexpensive and possibly the most abundant among natural resources. Developing strategies for selective functionalisation of inert hydrocarbon C-H bonds is one of the most ideal synthetic paths that a synthetic chemist could think of. This critical review focuses on the recent development of various directed and non-directed cycloalkylations leading to the formation of carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds. Apart from various transition metal catalysed cycloalkylations, this review also covers various metal-free cycloalkylation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|