1
|
Li H, Cheng S, Zhai J, Lei K, Zhou P, Cai K, Li J. Platinum based theranostics nanoplatforms for antitumor applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8387-8403. [PMID: 37581251 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01035j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) based nanoplatforms are biocompatible nanoagents with photothermal antitumor performance, while exhibiting excellent radiotherapy sensitization properties. Pt-nanoplatforms have extensive research prospects in the realm of cancer treatment due to their highly selective and minimally invasive treatment mode with low damage, and integrated diagnosis and treatment with image monitoring and collaborative drug delivery. Platinum based anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs can kill tumor cells by damaging DNA through chemotherapy. Meanwhile, Pt-nanoplatforms also have good electrocatalytic activity, which can mediate novel electrodynamic therapy. Simultaneously, Pt(II) based compounds also have potential as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors. Pt-nanoplatforms can also modulate the immunosuppressive environment and synergistically ablate tumor cells in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article reviews the research progress of platinum based nanoplatforms in new technologies for cancer therapy, starting from widely representative examples of platinum based nanoplatforms in chemotherapy, electrodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Finally, multimodal imaging techniques of platinum based nanoplatforms for biomedical diagnosis are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heying Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Shaowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jingming Zhai
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Kun Lei
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jinghua Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chen H, Gu Q, Zhang W, Shen C, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Liao J, Wen X, Xie J, Yao L, Cai W, Mo Y, Qing J, Su SJ, Hou L. Promoting Energy Transfer Between Quasi-2D Perovskite Layers Toward Highly Efficient Red Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204638. [PMID: 36310146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although tremendous progress has recently been made in quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the performance of red PeLEDs emitting at ≈650-660 nm, which have wide prospects for application in photodynamic therapy, is still limited by an inefficient energy transfer process between the quasi-2D perovskite layers. Herein, a symmetric molecule of 3,3'-(9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)dipropanamide (FDPA) is designed and developed with two functional acylamino groups and incorporated into the quasi-2D perovskites as the additive for achieving high-performance red PeLEDs. It is demonstrated that the agent can simultaneously diminish the van der Waals gaps between individual perovskite layers and passivate uncoordinated Pb2+ related defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the quasi-2D perovskites, which truly results in an efficient energy transfer in the quasi-2D perovskite films. Consequently, the red PeLEDs emitting at 653 nm with a peak external quantum efficiency of 18.5% and a maximum luminance of 2545 cd m-2 are achieved, which is among the best performing red quasi-2D PeLEDs emitting at ≈650-660 nm. This work opens a way to further improve the electroluminescence performance of red PeLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongting Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijie Xiao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihai Liao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemiao Wen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Xie
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, 528225, Foshan, China
| | - Lijun Yao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanzhu Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Qing
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lintao Hou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang K, Yu B, Liu W, Zhang Z, Huang L, Zhao S, Wang B, Yi J, Yuan J, Zou Y, Lin C, Song X, Lan M. All-in-one phototheranostics based on BTP-4F-DMO nanoparticles for NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging and combinational therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
How Computations Can Assist the Rational Design of Drugs for Photodynamic Therapy: Photosensitizing Activity Assessment of a Ru(II)-BODIPY Assembly. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175635. [PMID: 36080406 PMCID: PMC9457801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium-based complexes represent a new frontier in light-mediated therapeutic strategies against cancer. Here, a density functional-theory-based computational investigation, of the photophysical properties of a conjugate BODIPY-Ru(II) complex, is presented. Such a complex was reported to be a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), successfully integrating the qualities of a NIR-absorbing distyryl-BODIPY dye and a PDT-active [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety. Therefore, the behaviour of the conjugate BODIPY-Ru(II) complex was compared with those of the metal-free BODIPY chromophore and the Ru(II) complex. Absorptions spectra, excitation energies of both singlet and triplet states as well as spin–orbit-matrix elements (SOCs) were used to rationalise the experimentally observed different activities of the three potential chromophores. The outcomes evidence a limited participation of the Ru moiety in the ISC processes that justifies the small SOCs obtained for the conjugate. A plausible explanation was provided combining the computational results with the experimental evidences.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang K, Zhang Z, Gan Y, Tan Q, Huang L, Wang B, Hu G, Yin P, Song X, Lan M. Photovoltaic molecules with ultra-high light energy utilization for near-infrared laser triggered synergetic photodynamic and photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7622-7627. [PMID: 35797723 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photovoltaic molecules possess strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region and are suitable for NIR laser-triggered phototherapy. Herein, the star molecule IEICO of organic photovoltaic materials, which has a narrow bandgap and large A-D-A conjugated structure, was prepared into water dispersive nanoparticles (NPs) through a simple self-assembly method. The obtained IEICO NPs showed a strong NIR absorption peak at 800 nm and a high 1O2 quantum yield of 11% and photothermal conversion efficiency of 85.4% under 808 nm laser irradiation. The ultra-high light energy utilization efficacy (∼96.4%) of the IEICO NPs enables their excellent phototherapeutic effect on tumors. The present work suggested the huge application potential of organic photovoltaic materials in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Zequn Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Li Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Benhua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Minhuan Lan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pehlken C, Pfeffer MG, Reich K, Rau S. Evaluation of 1 H-NMR Spectroscopy-Based Quantification Methods of the Supramolecular Aggregation of a Molecular Photosensitizer. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1255-1263. [PMID: 35737849 DOI: 10.1111/php.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular dimerization of a ruthenium polypyridyl precursor of a well-developed family of hydrogen evolving photocatalysts via π-π-interactions of the polyheteroaromatic bridging ligand was quantified with concentration dependent 1 H-NMR-spectroscopy. The data sets were analyzed with different calculation and fit methods. A comparison between the results of direct calculation, linear and nonlinear approaches showed that the application of a global nonlinear fit procedure yields the best results. The presented methods are also applicable for dimerization processes in solution of other molecular moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pehlken
- University of Ulm, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm
| | - Michael G Pfeffer
- University of Ulm, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm
| | - Katharina Reich
- University of Ulm, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm
| | - Sven Rau
- University of Ulm, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fudickar W, Bauch M, Ihmels H, Linker T. DNA-Triggered Enhancement of Singlet Oxygen Production by Pyridinium Alkynylanthracenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:13591-13604. [PMID: 34263955 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing interest in 1 O2 sensitizers, whose activity is selectively controlled by their interaction with DNA. To this end, we synthesized three isomeric pyridinium alkynylanthracenes 2 o-p and a water-soluble trapping reagent for 1 O2 . In water and in the absence of DNA, these dyes show a poor efficiency to sensitize the photooxygenation of the trapping reagent as they decompose due to electron transfer processes. In contrast, in the presence of DNA 1 O2 is generated from the excited DNA-bound ligand. The interactions of 2 o-p with DNA were investigated by thermal DNA melting studies, UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and linear and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Our studies revealed an intercalative binding with an orientation of the long pyridyl-alkynyl axis parallel to the main axis of the DNA base pairs. In the presence of poly(dA : dT), all three isomers show an enhanced formation of singlet oxygen, as indicated by the reaction of the latter with the trapping reagent. With green light irradiation of isomer 2 o in poly(dA : dT), the conversion rate of the trapping reagent is enhanced by a factor >10. The formation of 1 O2 was confirmed by control experiments under anaerobic conditions, in deuterated solvents, or by addition of 1 O2 quenchers. When bound to poly(dG : dC), the opposite effect was observed only for isomers 2 o and 2 m, namely the trapping reagent reacted significantly slower. Overall, we showed that pyridinium alkynylanthracenes are very useful intercalators, that exhibit an enhanced photochemical 1 O2 generation in the DNA-bound state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcel Bauch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Z, Wang L, Liu W, Yan Z, Zhu Y, Zhou S, Guan S. Photogenerated-hole-induced rapid elimination of solid tumors by the supramolecular porphyrin photocatalyst. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa155. [PMID: 34691632 PMCID: PMC8288340 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid, complete, targeted and safe treatment for tumors remains a key issue in cancer therapy. A novel treatment of solid tumors by supramolecular photocatalyst Nano-SA-TCPP with the irradiation of 600-700 nm wavelength is established. Solid tumors (100 mm3) can be eliminated within 10 min. The 50-day mouse survival rate was increased from 0% to 100% after the photocatalytic therapy. The breakthrough was owing to the cell membrane rupture and the cytoplasmic loss caused by photogenerated holes inside cancer cells. The porphyrin-based photocatalysts can be internalized in a targeted manner by cancer cells due to the size selection effect, without entering the normal cells. The therapy has no toxicity or side effects for normal cells and organisms. Moreover, the photocatalytic therapy is effective for a variety of cancer cell lines. Because of its high efficiency, safety and universality, the photocatalytic therapy provides us with a new lancet to conquer the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weixu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihe Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shanyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chatterjee S, Bhanja P, Ghosh D, Kumar P, Kanti Das S, Dalapati S, Bhaumik A. Metformin-Templated Nanoporous ZnO and Covalent Organic Framework Heterojunction Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:408-416. [PMID: 33052003 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water-splitting offers unique opportunity in the utilization of abundant solar light energy and water resources to produce hydrogen (renewable energy) and oxygen (clean environment) in the presence of a semiconductor photoanode. Zinc oxide (ZnO), a wide bandgap semiconductor is found to crystallize predominantly in the hexagonal wurtzite phase. Herein, we first report a new crystalline triclinic phase of ZnO by using N-rich antidiabetic drug metformin as a template via hydrothermal synthesis with self-assembled nanorod-like particle morphology. We have fabricated a heterojunction nanocomposite charge carrier photoanode by coupling this porous ZnO with a covalent organic framework, which displayed highly enhanced photocurrent density of 0.62 mA/cm2 at 0.2 V vs. RHE in photoelectrochemical water oxidation and excellent photon-to-current conversion efficiency at near-neutral pH vis-à-vis bulk ZnO. This enhancement of the photocurrent for the porous ZnO/COF nanocomposite material over the corresponding bulk ZnO could be attributed to the visible light energy absorption by COF and subsequent efficient charge-carrier mobility via porous ZnO surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sauvik Chatterjee
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Piyali Bhanja
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Dibyendu Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sabuj Kanti Das
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- School of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dhanalekshmi KI, Sangeetha K, Magesan P, Johnson J, Zhang X, Jayamoorthy K. Photodynamic cancer therapy: role of Ag- and Au-based hybrid nano-photosensitizers. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4766-4773. [PMID: 33300461 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1858965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been rapidly increasing due to its advantage as an effective treatment modality for cancer. The organic photosensitizers employed for PDT have some disadvantages, including high toxicity, non-selectivity toward tumors and poor absorption of light. The low light penetration into the tumor sites resulting from low wavelength of absorption and long-term skin photosensitivity. Hence, the attention toward non-toxic inorganic photosensitizers like noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) has been increasing nowadays. In bioscience, NPs are replacing organic dyes since they have photostability and non-toxicity. Generally, nanomaterials can easily form compounds with other substances as well as organic materials and the modified NPs surface enhances the chemical activity. Among the metal NPs, noble metals, especially gold and silver are attractive because of their size and shape-dependent unique optoelectronic properties. The coating of inorganic/organic materials on top of the noble metal makes the NPs bio-compatible and less toxic. Furthermore, Ag- and Au-based inorganic/organic complex NPs could offer a new possibility because of their unique structures. Meanwhile, the coating of inorganic/organic complex NPs protects the noble metals and stabilizes them against chemical corrosion and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the role of Ag- and Au-based inorganic/organic hybrid nano-photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K I Dhanalekshmi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - K Sangeetha
- Department of IBT, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Magesan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jijo Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Santhom Malankara Arts and Science College, Edanji, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - K Jayamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pordel S, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, White JK. Impact of steric bulk on photoinduced ligand exchange reactions in Mn(I) photoCORMs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Alberto ME, Mazzone G, Regina C, Russo N, Sicilia E. Theoretical exploration of the photophysical properties of two-component Ru II-porphyrin dyes as promising assemblies for a combined antitumor effect. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12653-12661. [PMID: 32870211 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02197k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the extraordinary success of porphyrins in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Ru compounds as chemotherapeutics, a series of RuII-porphyrin complexes have recently been synthesized and proposed as promising dual-action therapeutic agents. The results of a careful DFT and TDDFT investigation on four mononuclear pyridyl triphenylporphyrin RuII-arene complexes are herein reported and compared with those obtained for the metal-free derivatives. The investigation aims at shedding light on the modulation of the photophysical properties of the light absorber upon metalation and exploring the hydrolysis process of the RuII-moiety in the presence of the bulky porphyrin unit. Type I and Type II photoreactions were analyzed computing absorption spectra, singlet-triplet energy gaps, spin orbit coupling constants and vertical electron affinity (VEA) along with ionization potentials (VIP) for all the investigated compounds, while the chloride/water exchange reaction kinetics were determined by exploring the first and second aquation reactions of the Ru-moiety. Despite the highly similar photophysical properties displayed by the members of this class of compounds, an analysis of the hydrolysis processes in the dark allows to point out an interesting difference related to the type of pyridylporphyrin isomer and could be a preliminary explanation of the greater phototoxicity experimentally found for 3'-pyridyl substituted compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Erminia Alberto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Claudia Regina
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Chen T. Transition metal complexes as photosensitizers for integrated cancer theranostic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
16
|
Li S, Zhao J, Wang X, Xu G, Gou S, Zhao Q. Design of a Tris-Heteroleptic Ru(II) Complex with Red-Light Excitation and Remarkably Improved Photobiological Activity. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11193-11204. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jana B, Thomas AP, Kim S, Lee IS, Choi H, Jin S, Park SA, Min SK, Kim C, Ryu JH. Self-Assembly of Mitochondria-Targeted Photosensitizer to Increase Photostability and Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficacy in Hypoxia. Chemistry 2020; 26:10695-10701. [PMID: 32428292 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of photosensitizers for cancer photodynamic therapy has been challenging due to their low photostability and therapeutic inefficacy in hypoxic tumor microenvironments. To overcome these issues, we have developed a mitochondria-targeted photosensitizer consisting of an indocyanine moiety with triphenylphosphonium arms, which can self-assemble into spherical micelles directed to mitochondria. Self-assembly of the photosensitizer resulted in a higher photostability by preventing free rotation of the indoline ring of the indocyanine moiety. The mitochondria targeting capability of the photosensitizer allowed it to utilize intramitochondrial oxygen. We found that the mitochondria-targeted photosensitizer localized to mitochondria and induced apoptosis of cancer cells both normoxic and hypoxic conditions through generation of ROS. The micellar self-assemblies of the photosensitizer were further confirmed to selectively localize to tumor tissues in a xenograft tumor mouse model through passive targeting and showed efficient tumor growth inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Batakrishna Jana
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ajesh P Thomas
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sangpil Kim
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - In Seong Lee
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Huyeon Choi
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seongeon Jin
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Soo Ah Park
- In Vivo Research Center, UNIST, Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of, Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Berdnikova DV, Heider J, Ihmels H, Sewald N, Pithan PM. Photoinduced Release of DNA‐Binding Ligands from the [4+4] Dimers of Benzo[ b]quinolizinium and Anthracene Derivatives. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Berdnikova
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Josef Heider
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld University PO Box 100121 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Phil M. Pithan
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang SQ, Gao LH, Zhao H, Wang KZ. Recent Progress in Polynuclear Ruthenium Complex-Based DNA Binders/Structural Probes and Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3735-3752. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181203143422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have stood out by several mononuclear complexes which have entered
into clinical trials, such as imidazolium [trans-RuCl4(1H-imidazole)(DMSO-S)] (NAMI-A) and
([Ru(II)(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2-(2(2'-,2'':5'',2'''-terthiophene)-imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline)]
2+) (TLD-1433), opening a new avenue for developing promising ruthenium-based anticancer
drugs alternative to Cisplatin. Polynuclear ruthenium complexes were reported to exhibit synergistic
and/or complementary effects: the enhanced DNA structural recognition and DNA binding as well as
in vitro anticancer activities. This review overviews some representative polynuclear ruthenium
complexes acting as DNA structural probes, DNA binders and in vitro anticancer agents, which were
developed during last decades. These complexes are reviewed according to two main categories of
homo-polynuclear and hetero-polynuclear complexes, each of which is further clarified into the metal
centers linked by rigid and flexible bridging ligands. The perspective, challenges and future efforts
for investigations into these exciting complexes are pointed out or suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Key Laboratory of Cosmetic (Beijing Technology and Business University), China National Light Industry, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Key Laboratory of Cosmetic (Beijing Technology and Business University), China National Light Industry, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarkar T, Bhattacharyya A, Banerjee S, Hussain A. LMCT transition-based red-light photochemotherapy using a tumour-selective ferrocenyl iron(iii) coumarin conjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7981-7984. [PMID: 32538387 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A rationally designed iron(iii) complex (2a) with pendant ferrocene and naturally occurring coumarin (esculetin) shows LMCT transition-based mitochondria-targeted red-light (600-720 nm) induced apoptotic toxicity against cancer cells but remains innocuous in the dark and to normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tukki Sarkar
- Depatment of Chemistry, Handique Girl's College, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Raza A, Archer SA, Fairbanks SD, Smitten KL, Botchway SW, Thomas JA, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. A Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex Excited by Near-Infrared Light through Two-Photon Absorption Induces Phototoxicity Deep within Hypoxic Regions of Melanoma Cancer Spheroids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4639-4647. [PMID: 32065521 PMCID: PMC7146853 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
dinuclear photo-oxidizing RuII complex [{Ru(TAP2)}2(tpphz)]4+ (TAP = 1,4,5,8- tetraazaphenanthrene,
tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3″,2′′-h:2‴,3′′′-j]phenazine), 14+, is readily
taken up by live cells localizing in mitochondria and nuclei. In this
study, the two-photon absorption cross section of 14+ is quantified and its use as a two-photon absorbing phototherapeutic
is reported. It was confirmed that the complex is readily photoexcited
using near-infrared, NIR, and light through two-photon absorption,
TPA. In 2-D cell cultures, irradiation with NIR light at low power
results in precisely focused phototoxicity effects in which human
melanoma cells were killed after 5 min of light exposure. Similar
experiments were then carried out in human cancer spheroids that provide
a realistic tumor model for the development of therapeutics and phototherapeutics.
Using the characteristic emission of the complex as a probe, its uptake
into 280 μm spheroids was investigated and confirmed that the
spheroid takes up the complex. Notably TPA excitation results in more
intense luminescence being observed throughout the depth of the spheroids,
although emission intensity still drops off toward the necrotic core.
As 14+ can directly photo-oxidize DNA without
the mediation of singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species,
phototoxicity within the deeper, hypoxic layers of the spheroids was
also investigated. To quantify the penetration of these phototoxic
effects, 14+ was photoexcited through TPA
at a power of 60 mW, which was progressively focused in 10 μm
steps throughout the entire z-axis of individual
spheroids. These experiments revealed that, in irradiated spheroids
treated with 14+, acute and rapid photoinduced
cell death was observed throughout their depth, including the hypoxic
region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Kirsty L Smitten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - James A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - John W Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou X, Yang L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Chu L, Ren C, Huang F, Liu J. Silver-decorated, light-activatable polymeric antimicrobials for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infection. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6350-6361. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe a silver-decorated, light-activatable polymeric antimicrobial with strong synergistic chemo-photodynamic effect to combat bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Liping Chu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pordel S, White JK. Impact of Mn(I) photoCORM ligand set on photochemical intermediate formation during visible light-activated CO release. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
24
|
Jain A. Multifunctional, heterometallic ruthenium-platinum complexes with medicinal applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
25
|
Barnsley JE, Findlay JA, Shillito GE, Pelet WS, Scottwell SØ, McIntyre SM, Tay EJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Long-lived MLCT states for Ru(ii) complexes of ferrocene-appended 2,2'-bipyridines. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15713-15722. [PMID: 31549707 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present two ruthenium(ii) diimine complexes appended with ferrocene which show metal to ligand charge transfer 3MLCT emission lifetimes around 630 ns. We also present a similar complex with two ferrocene units which has decreased emission. These complexes have been studied by electrochemical, electronic absorption, and Raman, resonance Raman and transient resonance Raman means, coupled with density functional theoretical approaches. For these systems, the optical spectra are dominated by a low energy ruthenium(ii) MLCT transition; which can be modulated by the presence of pendant ferrocene units and the extent of conjugation of the ferrocenyl bipyridine backbone. Tuning of the lowest energy transition in terms of intensity (4 to 18 × 10-3 M-1 cm-1) and energy (535 to 563 nm) was achieved by these means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. keith.gordon@.otago.ac.nz
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zheng N, Zhang Z, Kuang J, Wang C, Zheng Y, Lu Q, Bai Y, Li Y, Wang A, Song W. Poly(photosensitizer) Nanoparticles for Enhanced in Vivo Photodynamic Therapy by Interrupting the π-π Stacking and Extending Circulation Time. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18224-18232. [PMID: 31046231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The natural planar and rigid structures of most of the hydrophobic photosensitizers (PSs) [such as tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP)] significantly reduce their loading efficiencies in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) because of the strong π-π interaction-induced aggregation. This aggregation-caused quenching will further reduce the quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and weaken the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition, the small molecular PSs exhibit short tumor retention time and tend to be easily cleared once released. Herein, poly(TPP) NPs, prepared by cross-linking of reactive oxygen species degradable, thioketal linkers and TPP derivatives, followed by coprecipitation, were first developed with quantitative loading efficiency (>99%), uniform NP sizes (without aggregation), increased singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 0.79 in dimethyl sulfoxide compared with 0.52 for original TPP), increased in vitro phototoxicity, extended tumor retention time, light-triggered on-demand release, and enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy, which comprehensively address the multiple issues for most of the PSs in the PDT area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Linggong Rd. 2 , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Linggong Rd. 2 , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Jia Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Linggong Rd. 2 , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Chunsen Wang
- Department of Comparative Medicine Laboratory Animal Center , Dalian Medical University , No. 9 Lvshun South Road , Dalian , Liaoning 116000 , China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Linggong Rd. 2 , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Qing Lu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-sensing and Chemometrics, Department of Chemistry , Hunan University Changsha , Hunan 410000 , China
| | - Yugang Bai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-sensing and Chemometrics, Department of Chemistry , Hunan University Changsha , Hunan 410000 , China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Linggong Rd. 2 , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Comparative Medicine Laboratory Animal Center , Dalian Medical University , No. 9 Lvshun South Road , Dalian , Liaoning 116000 , China
| | - Wangze Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Linggong Rd. 2 , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu Y, Xu Q, He S, Xiong H, Zhang Q, Xu W, Ricotta V, Bai L, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Ding J, Xiao H, Zhou D. Recent advances in delivery of photosensitive metal-based drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
A Three‐Color Fluorescent Supramolecular Nanoassembly of Phototherapeutics Activable by Two‐Photon Excitation with Near‐Infrared Light. Chemistry 2019; 25:7091-7095. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
29
|
Gerola AP, Costa PFA, de Morais FAP, Tsubone TM, Caleare AO, Nakamura CV, Brunaldi K, Caetano W, Kimura E, Hioka N. Liposome and polymeric micelle-based delivery systems for chlorophylls: Photodamage effects on Staphylococcus aureus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:487-495. [PMID: 30807963 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll derivatives (Chls), loaded in F-127 polymeric micelles and DPPC liposomes as drug delivery systems (DDS), have been shown to be remarkable photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation (PDI). Assays of photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (as biological models) showed that the effectiveness of Chls in these nanocarriers is dependent on photobleaching processes, photosensitizer locations in DDS, singlet oxygen quantum yields, and Chl uptake to bacteria. These are factors related to changes in Chl structure, such as the presence of metals, charge, and the phytyl chain. The photodynamic activity was significantly greater for Chls without the phytyl chain, i.e., phorbides derivatives. Furthermore, the inactivation of S. aureus was increased by the use of liposomes compared to micelles. Therefore, this research details and shows the high significance of the Chl structure and delivery system to enhance the photodynamic activity. It also highlights the chlorophylls (particularly phorbides) in liposomes as promising photosensitizers for PDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Gerola
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil; Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo F A Costa
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil; Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia A P de Morais
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Tayana M Tsubone
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Angelo O Caleare
- Department of Clinical Analyzes and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Celso V Nakamura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Kellen Brunaldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Elza Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou XQ, Busemann A, Meijer MS, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. The two isomers of a cyclometallated palladium sensitizer show different photodynamic properties in cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4695-4698. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This report demonstrates that changing the position of the carbon-metal bond in a polypyridyl cyclopalladated complex, i.e. going from PdL1 (N^N^C^N) to PdL2 (N^N^N^C), dramatically influences the photodynamic properties of the complex in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Quan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Universiteit Leiden
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Anja Busemann
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Universiteit Leiden
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Michael S. Meijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Universiteit Leiden
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Universiteit Leiden
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shi H, Imberti C, Sadler PJ. Diazido platinum(iv) complexes for photoactivated anticancer chemotherapy. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00288j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diazido Pt(iv) complexes with a general formula [Pt(N3)2(L)(L′)(OR)(OR′)] are a new generation of anticancer prodrugs designed for use in photoactivated chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang L, Han G. Near Infrared Boron Dipyrromethene Nanoparticles for Optotheranostics. SMALL METHODS 2018; 2:1700370. [PMID: 31872045 PMCID: PMC6927252 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is a class of important emerging fluorescent dyes. Due to their unique chemical and optical properties, near infrared (NIR)-emitting BODIPY dyes containing nanoparticles have recently been developed for a wide array of cutting-edge cancer optotheranostic applications. These nanoparticles not only have robust photostability and tunable photophysical properties, but they can also be flexibly tailored to a multitude of functional uses. Based on these outstanding characteristics, such nanoparticles have shown great promise in diagnosis as biological sensors, as well as in their utilization in advanced imaging and photomedicine for cancer treatment. In particular, here, this study first discusses their use as photoswitchable fluorescence probes toward in vitro single-molecule imaging. Second, this study takes a look at their opportunities for photoacoustic imaging utilization. Third, approaches are discussed to construct new NIR-absorbing BODIPY nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Fourth, this study delves into the new approach to use such nanoparticles as an emerging version of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) and their biological uses, such as their photoactivation prodrug therapy (PAPT) for cancer. Finally, new biological sensors based on NIR BODIPY nanoparticles are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ionescu A, Godbert N, Aiello I, Ricciardi L, La Deda M, Crispini A, Sicilia E, Ghedini M. Anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes respectively bearing one or two 1,2-benzenedithiolate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11645-11657. [PMID: 30095835 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) square-planar complexes NBu4[(C^N)PtII(S^S)], containing 2-phenylpyridine H(PhPy), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine H(F2PhPy) and benzo[h]quinoline H(Bzq), respectively, as a cyclometalated ligand and the dianionic 1,2-benzenedithiolate (Thio)2- fragment as an (S^S) ligand, were synthesised. By the simple addition of an equivalent of (Thio)2- to the NBu4[(C^N)PtII(Thio)] complexes, octahedral anionic NBu4[(C^N)PtIV(Thio)2] analogues were obtained, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the first examples of Pt(iv) anionic cyclometalated complexes. The molecular structures of the obtained complexes in the case of the NBu4[(Bzq)PtII(Thio)] and the NBu4[(Bzq)PtIV(Thio)2] complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the two series of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) newly synthesised complexes were studied and DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed in order to comprehensively investigate the displayed behaviour. All Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes show intense luminescence in the solid state, with remarkable enhancement of the emission quantum yields, proving to be excellent examples of aggregation-induced emission systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ionescu
- MAT_INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici), Centro di Eccellenza CEMIF.CAL, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yao Y, Zhao R, Shi Y, Cai Y, Chen J, Sun S, Zhang W, Tang R. 2D amphiphilic organoplatinum(ii) metallacycles: their syntheses, self-assembly in water and potential application in photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8068-8071. [PMID: 29968880 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two 2D amphiphilic organoplatinum(ii) metallacycles with a porphyrin unit as the core and hydrophilic glycol units as the tail were designed and fabricated successfully through a new method called "coordination-driven self-assembly". They can self-assemble into micelles in water and have potential applications in photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Photoactivated chemotherapy is an approach where a biologically active compound is protected against interaction with the cell environment by a light-cleavable protecting group, and unprotected by light irradiation. As such, PACT represents a major scientific opportunity for developing new bioactive inorganic compounds. However, the societal impact of this approach will only take off if the PACT field is used to address real societal challenges, i.e., therapeutic questions that make sense in a clinical context, rather than purely chemical questions. In particular, I advocate here that the field has become mature enough to switch from a compound-based approach, where a particular cancer model is chosen only to demonstrate the utility of a compound, to a disease-based approach, where the question of which disease to cure comes first: which PACT compound should I make to solve that particular clinical problem? The advantages and disadvantages of PACT vs. other phototherapeutic techniques are discussed, and a roadmap towards real clinical applications of PACT is drawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
He H, Zheng X, Liu S, Zheng M, Xie Z, Wang Y, Yu M, Shuai X. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based carbon dots for photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10991-10998. [PMID: 29856460 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02643b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple and straightforward strategy to synthesize multifunctional carbon dots for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been an emerging focus. In this work, diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescent carbon dots (DPP CDs) were designed and synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal method by using diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and chitosan (CTS) as raw materials. DPP CDs not only maintained the ability of DPP to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) but also have excellent hydrophilic properties and outstanding biocompatibility. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that DPP CDs greatly inhibited the growth of tumor cells under laser irradiation (540 nm). This study highlights the potential of the rational design of CDs for efficient cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lv Z, Zou L, Wei H, Liu S, Huang W, Zhao Q. Phosphorescent Starburst Pt(II) Porphyrins as Bifunctional Therapeutic Agents for Tumor Hypoxia Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19523-19533. [PMID: 29771486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is very meaningful to develop bifunctional therapeutic agents which can monitor the tumor hypoxia in real time as well as maintain good photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect under hypoxia. To achieve it, herein, a series of hydrophilic phosphorescent starburst Pt(II) porphyrins as bifunctional therapeutic agents for simultaneous tumor hypoxia imaging and highly efficient PDT have been rationally designed and synthesized. They have been obtained by using Pt(II) porphyrins as the functional core and cationic oligofluorenes as the arms. Such a three-dimensional structural feature ensures their hydrophilicity, ultrasensitive oxygen-sensing performance, and high 1O2 quantum yields. Furthermore, the O2-sensitive phosphorescence lifetimes of starburst Pt(II) porphyrins are beneficial to eliminate the interference from background fluorescence remarkably and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of hypoxia imaging by using phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Their PDT effects were also evaluated both in vitro (under both hypoxia and normoxia) and in vivo. As a result, tumor hypoxia can be significantly differentiated and tumor growth can be inhibited effectively, while the systemic toxicity is not observed. All of these results demonstrate that starburst Pt(II) porphyrins could be used as the promising bifunctional therapeutic agents for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu J, Zhang C, Rees TW, Ke L, Ji L, Chao H. Harnessing ruthenium(II) as photodynamic agents: Encouraging advances in cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
39
|
Motley TC, Troian-Gautier L, Brennaman MK, Meyer GJ. Excited-State Decay Pathways of Tris(bidentate) Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Compounds. Inorg Chem 2018; 56:13579-13592. [PMID: 29068224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical characterization are reported for 11 tris(bidentate) cyclometalated ruthenium(II) compounds, [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+. The electrochemical and photophysical properties were varied by the addition of substituents on the 2,2'-bipyridine, N^N, and 2-phenylpyridine, C^N, ligands with different electron-donating and -withdrawing groups. The systematic tuning of these properties offered a tremendous opportunity to investigate the origin of the rapid excited-state decay for these cyclometalated compounds and to probe the accessibility of the dissociative, ligand-field (LF) states from the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state. The photoluminescence quantum yield for [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+ increased from 0.0001 to 0.002 as more electron-withdrawing substituents were added to C^N. An analogous substituent dependence was observed for the excited-state lifetimes, τobs, which ranged from 3 to 40 ns in neat acetonitrile, significantly shorter than those for their [Ru(N^N)3]2+ analogues. The excited-state decay for [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+ was accelerated because of an increased vibronic overlap between the ground- and excited-state wavefunctions rather than an increased electronic coupling as revealed by a comparison of the Franck-Condon factors. The radiative (kr) and non-radiative (knr) rate constants of excited-state decay were determined to be on the order of 104 and 107-108 s-1, respectively. For sets of [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+ compounds functionalized with the same N^N ligand, knr scaled with excited-state energy in accordance with the energy gap law. Furthermore, an Arrhenius analysis of τobs for all of the compounds between 273 and 343 K was consistent with activated crossing into a single, fourth 3MLCT state under the conditions studied with preexponential factors on the order of 108-109 s-1 and activation energies between 300 and 1000 cm-1. This result provides compelling evidence that LF states are not significantly populated near room temperature unlike many ruthenium(II) polypyridyl compounds. On the basis of the underlying photophysics presented here for [Ru(N^N)2(C^N)]+, molecules of this type represent a robust class of compounds with built-in design features that should greatly enhance the molecular photostability necessary for photochemical and photoelectrochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Motley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mitra K. Platinum complexes as light promoted anticancer agents: a redefined strategy for controlled activation. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:19157-19171. [PMID: 27883129 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery and amenable activation of prodrugs are indispensible criteria for designing novel anticancer agents. Platinum based drugs vanguard the chemotherapeutic regimes and over the years significant attention has been paid to achieve more efficacious drugs with fewer adverse effects. The switch from platinum(ii) drugs to the inert platinum(iv) analogues proved advantageous but the new prodrugs still suffered from unspecific cytotoxic actions. Thus the photoactivation of an inert platinum prodrug specifically within neoplastic cells provided the desired spatio-temporal control over drug activation by means of illumination, thereby limiting the cytotoxic events to only at the targeted tumors. This article collates research on platinum complexes which exhibit potential light mediated anticancer effects and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of activation. Fine tuning of the coordination sphere results in dramatic alteration of the redox and spectral properties of both ground and excited states and the cellular properties of the molecules. This concise article highlights the various light promoted strategies employed to attain a controlled release of active platinum(ii) and/or reactive oxygen species such as photoreduction, photocaging, photodissociation and photosensitization. Such dual action photoactive metal complexes with improved aqueous solubility and versatility are promising candidates for combination therapy which is likely to be the future of anticancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560-012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ruggiero E, Alonso-de Castro S, Habtemariam A, Salassa L. Upconverting nanoparticles for the near infrared photoactivation of transition metal complexes: new opportunities and challenges in medicinal inorganic photochemistry. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:13012-20. [PMID: 27482656 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The article highlights the emergent use of upconverting nanoparticles as tools for the near infrared photoactivation of transition metal complexes, identifying opportunities and challenges of this approach in the context of medicinal inorganic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ruggiero
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20009, Spain.
| | | | | | - Luca Salassa
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20009, Spain. and Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20080, Spain and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Paitandi RP, Sharma V, Singh VD, Dwivedi BK, Mobin SM, Pandey DS. Pyrazole appended quinoline-BODIPY based arene ruthenium complexes: their anticancer activity and potential applications in cellular imaging. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17500-17514. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of four arene ruthenium complexes [Ru(η6-C6H6)(L1)Cl]PF6, (1), [Ru(η6-C10H14)(L1)Cl]PF6 (2), [Ru(η6-C6H6)(L2)Cl]PF6 (3) and [Ru(η6-C10H14)(L2)Cl]PF6 (4) based on quinoline-BODIPY were described and their photocytotoxicity was evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
| | - Vishwa Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi – 221005
- India
| | | | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
- Discipline of Chemistry
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi – 221005
- India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aksakal NE, Kazan HH, Eçik ET, Yuksel F. A novel photosensitizer based on a ruthenium(ii) phenanthroline bis(perylenediimide) dyad: synthesis, generation of singlet oxygen andin vitrophotodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel photosensitizer having two perylenediimide units and a phenanthroline ruthenium(ii) coordination moiety (Ru-BP)has been developed for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Esra Aksakal
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gebze Technical University
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Kazan
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Esra Tanrıverdi Eçik
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gebze Technical University
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | - Fatma Yuksel
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gebze Technical University
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu YT, Yin X, Lai XY, Wang X. Theoretical study on photophysical properties of three high water solubility polypyridyl complexes for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18074-18081. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT) is a very promising treatment that has drawn much attention in recent years due to its ability to penetrate deeper into tissues and minimize the damage to normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| | - Xue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| | - Xiao-Yong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kiran S, Hai Z, Ding Z, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang H, Liang G. Alkaline phosphatase-triggered assembly of etoposide enhances its anticancer effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1853-1856. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the assistance of a hydrogelator precursor 1P, etoposide phosphate (EP) was subjected to alkaline phosphatase-triggered assembly which obviously enhanced its anticancer efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kiran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zijuan Hai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhanling Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Heinemann F, Karges J, Gasser G. Critical Overview of the Use of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Photosensitizers in One-Photon and Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2727-2736. [PMID: 29058879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an emerging technique to treat certain types of cancer, bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, and skin diseases. In past years, different research groups developed new ruthenium-containing photosensitizers (PSs) with tuned photophysical and biological properties to better fit the requirements of PDT. In this Account, we report and discuss the latest results in this research area, emphasizing particularly our own research. For example, inspired by the DNA intercalating complex [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dppz = (dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), a series of ruthenium complexes bearing differently functionalized dppz ligands were synthesized to target DNA. The introduction of the substituents on the dppz ligand did not reduce much the affinity of the complexes to DNA but highly affected their cellular uptake. The most effective complex in this series, [Ru(bpy)2(dppz-7-OMe)]2+, showed IC50 values in the low micromolar range against several types of cancer cells upon light irradiation and, importantly, a high phototoxic index (PI) of >150. This value is comparable to or even better than several PSs used in clinics under comparable experimental conditions. This compound was found to localize in the nucleus and to induce DNA damage in HeLa cells upon light irradiation. Interestingly, cells in the mitotic phase were found to be more affected and to have a different mechanism of cell death (apoptosis) upon light irradiation than those in the interphase (paraptosis). To take advantage of that, the PS was combined with a cell cycle inhibitor to synchronize cells in the mitotic phase, further improving the phototoxicity by a factor of 3.6. In addition, our group recently demonstrated that [Ru(bphen)2(benzene-1,2-dislufinate)] (bphen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) localizes in mitochondria and has an IC50 value of 0.62 μM with a PI of over 80 in HeLa cells upon light irradiation at 420 nm. Interestingly, this complex was also found to efficiently kill Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus under light irradiation. Antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) is another field of research where Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes can play an interesting role to fight antibiotics resistance. [Ru(dqpCO2Me)(ptpy)]2+ (dqpCO2Me = 4-methylcarboxy-2,6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine), ptpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) is additionally efficient against Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The efficacy of positively charged Ru(II) PSs is related to their affinity to the negatively charged membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. A drawback of many Ru(II) polypyridyl PSs is their low absorption in the biological optical window (600-900 nm) where light penetration depth into tissue is the highest. The lowest energy transition in the UV/Vis spectra of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes is usually a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band. To shift the absorption into this range, tuning of the ligand system, for example, by extending π-systems, has been described in the literature. Another approach to make excitation in the optical biological window possible is Two-Photon Absorption (2PA). High photon density is needed and usually confocal laser beams are used for excitation. In collaboration with the Chao group, a series of homoleptic Ru(II) complexes bearing tertiary alkyl ammonium substituted bipyridine ligands with two photon cross sections between 185 and 250 GM at around 800 nm was tested in vitro. They showed IC50 values in the micromolar range and PIs between 103 and 313. The highly positive-charged complexes were found to enter the cell via endocytosis and to target lysosomes. Studies on 3D tumor cell spheroids, a model closer to real tumors than commonly used 2D cell monolayers, were also performed. It could be demonstrated that 2P-PDT treatment with 800 nm laser irradiation was significantly more effective than that with 450 nm laser irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Heinemann
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alberto ME, Adamo C. Synergistic Effects in Pt II -Porphyrinoid Dyes as Candidates for a Dual-Action Anticancer Therapy: A Theoretical Exploration. Chemistry 2017; 23:15124-15132. [PMID: 28846823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a photosensitizer (PS) with a cisplatin-like unit represents a challenging strategy to increase the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy and to afford a dual-action anticancer treatment. Recently, new tetra-PtII -porphyrin conjugates have been proposed as promising multitarget agents. To reveal the effect of the PtII center on the chemical and physical properties of the PS and to explore the effect of the PS on the activation mechanism of PtII ligand before reaching its biological target, we carried out a first-principle investigation on these tetra-PtII -porphyrin conjugates. To propose a further advance in this novel field and to gain useful insights for the design of new, more efficient PtII -PS conjugates, we introduced structural modifications into the porphyrin dye, which involved the synthesis of the tetra-PtII -chlorin and tetra-PtII -bacteriochlorin derivatives. Results showed that the designed dyes better met the criteria to be successful in a dual-action therapy, as they displayed improved optical properties and reduced the hydrolysis rate of the PtII moiety, the latter being a desirable feature to avoid many side reactions of the conjugate during their transport to the biological target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Erminia Alberto
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Heteroleptic monometallic and trimetallic ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating a π-extended dipyrrin ligand: Light-activated reactions with the A549 lung cancer cell line. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 175:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
49
|
Smithen DA, Yin H, Beh MHR, Hetu M, Cameron TS, McFarland SA, Thompson A. Synthesis and Photobiological Activity of Ru(II) Dyads Derived from Pyrrole-2-carboxylate Thionoesters. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4121-4132. [PMID: 28301148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of heteroleptic ruthenium(II) dyads derived from pyrrole-2-carboxylate thionoesters are reported. Ligands bearing a conjugated thiocarbonyl group were found to be more reactive toward Ru(II) complexation compared to analogous all-oxygen pyrrole-2-carboxylate esters, and salient features of the resulting complexes were determined using X-ray crystallography, electronic absorption, and NMR spectroscopy. Selected complexes were evaluated for their potential in photobiological applications, whereupon all compounds demonstrated in vitro photodynamic therapy effects in HL-60 and SK-MEL-28 cells, with low nanomolar activities observed, and exhibited some of the largest photocytotoxicity indices to date (>2000). Importantly, the Ru(II) dyads could be activated by relatively soft doses of visible (100 J cm-2, 29 mW cm-2) or red light (100 J cm-2, 34 mW cm-2), which is compatible with therapeutic applications. Some compounds even demonstrated up to five-fold selectivity for malignant cells over noncancerous cells. These complexes were also shown to photocleave, and in some cases unwind, DNA in cell-free experiments. Thus, this new class of Ru(II) dyads has the capacity to interact with and damage biological macromolecules in the cell, making them attractive agents for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Smithen
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University , P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Huimin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Michael H R Beh
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University , P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Marc Hetu
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - T Stanley Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University , P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University , P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang L, Yin H, Jabed MA, Hetu M, Wang C, Monro S, Zhu X, Kilina S, McFarland SA, Sun W. π-Expansive Heteroleptic Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Reverse Saturable Absorbers and Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3245-3259. [PMID: 28263079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Five heteroleptic tris-diimine ruthenium(II) complexes [RuL(N^N)2](PF6)2 (where L is 3,8-di(benzothiazolylfluorenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline and N^N is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) (1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (2), 1,4,8,9-tetraazatriphenylene (tatp) (3), dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) (4), or benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppn) (5), respectively) were synthesized. The influence of π-conjugation of the ancillary ligands (N^N) on the photophysical properties of the complexes was investigated by spectroscopic methods and simulated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. Their ground-state absorption spectra were characterized by intense absorption bands below 350 nm (ligand L localized 1π,π* transitions) and a featureless band centered at ∼410 nm (intraligand charge transfer (1ILCT)/1π,π* transitions with minor contribution from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) transition). For complexes 4 and 5 with dppz and dppn ligands, respectively, broad but very weak absorption (ε < 800 M-1 cm-1) was present from 600 to 850 nm, likely emanating from the spin-forbidden transitions to the triplet excited states. All five complexes showed red-orange phosphorescence at room temperature in CH2Cl2 solution with decreased lifetimes and emission quantum yields, as the π-conjugation of the ancillary ligands increased. Transient absorption (TA) profiles were probed in acetonitrile solutions at room temperature for all of the complexes. Except for complex 5 (which showed dppn-localized 3π,π* absorption with a long lifetime of 41.2 μs), complexes 1-4 displayed similar TA spectral features but with much shorter triplet lifetimes (1-2 μs). Reverse saturable absorption (RSA) was demonstrated for the complexes at 532 nm using 4.1 ns laser pulses, and the strength of RSA decreased in the order: 2 ≥ 1 ≈ 5 > 3 > 4. Complex 5 is particularly attractive as a broadband reverse saturable absorber due to its wide optical window (430-850 nm) and long-lived triplet lifetime in addition to its strong RSA at 532 nm. Complexes 1-5 were also probed as photosensitizing agents for in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT). Most of them showed a PDT effect, and 5 emerged as the most potent complex with red light (EC50 = 10 μM) and was highly photoselective for melanoma cells (selectivity factor, SF = 13). Complexes 1-5 were readily taken up by cells and tracked by their intracellular luminescence before and after a light treatment. Diagnostic intracellular luminescence increased with increased π-conjugation of the ancillary N^N ligands despite diminishing cell-free phosphorescence in that order. All of the complexes penetrated the nucleus and caused DNA condensation in cell-free conditions in a concentration-dependent manner, which was not influenced by the identity of N^N ligands. Although the mechanism for photobiological activity was not established, complexes 1-5 were shown to exhibit potential as theranostic agents. Together the RSA and PDT studies indicate that developing new agents with long intrinsic triplet lifetimes, high yields for triplet formation, and broad ground-state absorption to near-infrared (NIR) in tandem is a viable approach to identifying promising agents for these applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Huimin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Jabed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Marc Hetu
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Chengzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Susan Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University , 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, North Carolina 27402-6170, United States
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| |
Collapse
|