1
|
Hu X, Szczepaniak G, Lewandowska-Andralojc A, Jeong J, Li B, Murata H, Yin R, Jazani AM, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Red-Light-Driven Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for High-Throughput Polymer Synthesis in Open Air. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24315-24327. [PMID: 37878520 PMCID: PMC10636753 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) techniques offer exceptional control over polymerization, providing access to well-defined polymers and hybrid materials with complex architectures. However, most photo-RDRP methods rely on UV/visible light or photoredox catalysts (PCs), which require complex multistep synthesis. Herein, we present the first example of fully oxygen-tolerant red/NIR-light-mediated photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) in a high-throughput manner under biologically relevant conditions. The method uses commercially available methylene blue (MB+) as the PC and [X-CuII/TPMA]+ (TPMA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) complex as the deactivator. The mechanistic study revealed that MB+ undergoes a reductive quenching cycle in the presence of the TPMA ligand used in excess. The formed semireduced MB (MB•) sustains polymerization by regenerating the [CuI/TPMA]+ activator and together with [X-CuII/TPMA]+ provides control over the polymerization. This dual catalytic system exhibited excellent oxygen tolerance, enabling polymerizations with high monomer conversions (>90%) in less than 60 min at low volumes (50-250 μL) and high-throughput synthesis of a library of well-defined polymers and DNA-polymer bioconjugates with narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ < 1.30) in an open-air 96-well plate. In addition, the broad absorption spectrum of MB+ allowed ATRP to be triggered under UV to NIR irradiation (395-730 nm). This opens avenues for the integration of orthogonal photoinduced reactions. Finally, the MB+/Cu catalysis showed good biocompatibility during polymerization in the presence of cells, which expands the potential applications of this method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska-Andralojc
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bingda Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Arman Moini Jazani
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sunkari YK, Nguyen TL, Siripuram VK, Flajolet M. Impact of organic chemistry conditions on DNA durability in the context of DNA-encoded library technology. iScience 2023; 26:107573. [PMID: 37664608 PMCID: PMC10470182 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-power screening (HPS) technologies, such as DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology, could exponentially increase the dimensions of the chemical space accessible for drug discovery. The intrinsic fragile nature of DNA is associated with cumbersome limitations and DNA durability (e.g., depurination, loss of phosphate groups, adduct formation) is compromised in numerous organic chemistry conditions that require empirical testing. An atlas of reaction conditions (temperature, pH, solvent/buffer, ligands, oxidizing reagents, catalysts, scavengers in function of time) that have been systematically tested in multiple combinations, indicates precisely limits useful for DEL construction. More importantly, this approach could be used broadly to effectively evaluate DNA-compatibility of any novel on-DNA chemical reaction, and it is compatible with different molecular methodologies. This atlas and the general approach presented, by allowing novel reaction conditions to be performed in presence of DNA, should greatly help in expanding the DEL chemical space as well as any field involving DNA durability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashoda Krishna Sunkari
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thu-Lan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar Siripuram
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong J, Szczepaniak G, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of RNA-Amphiphiles via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in the Organic Phase. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:326-331. [PMID: 37529716 PMCID: PMC10389804 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The combination of hydrophobic polymers with nucleic acids is a fascinating way to engineer the self-assembly behavior of nucleic acids into diverse nanostructures such as micelles, vesicles, nanosheets, and worms. Here we developed a robust route to synthesize a RNA macroinitiator with protecting groups on the 2'-hydroxyl groups in the solid phase using an oligonucleotide synthesizer. The protecting groups successfully solubilized the RNA macroinitiator, enabling atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of hydrophobic monomers. As a result, the RNA-polymer hybrids obtained by ATRP exhibited enhanced chemical stability by suppressing cleavage. In addition, we demonstrated evidence of controlled polymerization behavior as well as control over the molecular weight of the hydrophobic polymers grown from RNA. We envision that this methodology will expand the field of RNA-polymer conjugates while vastly enhancing the possibility to alter and engineer the properties of RNA-based polymeric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- University
of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kapil K, Xu S, Lee I, Murata H, Kwon SJ, Dordick JS, Matyjaszewski K. Highly Sensitive Detection of Bacteria by Binder-Coupled Multifunctional Polymeric Dyes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2723. [PMID: 37376368 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens are a health burden, but traditional pathogen identification methods are complex and time-consuming. In this work, we have developed well-defined, multifunctional copolymers with rhodamine B dye synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using fully oxygen-tolerant photoredox/copper dual catalysis. ATRP enabled the efficient synthesis of copolymers with multiple fluorescent dyes from a biotin-functionalized initiator. Biotinylated dye copolymers were conjugated to antibody (Ab) or cell-wall binding domain (CBD), resulting in a highly fluorescent polymeric dye-binder complex. We showed that the unique combination of multifunctional polymeric dyes and strain-specific Ab or CBD exhibited both enhanced fluorescence and target selectivity for bioimaging of Staphylococcus aureus by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The ATRP-derived polymeric dyes have the potential as biosensors for the detection of target DNA, protein, or bacteria, as well as bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shirley Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Inseon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seok-Joon Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anwar S, Mir F, Yokota T. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide Conjugation, Chemical Modification, and Carrier-Based Delivery Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041130. [PMID: 37111616 PMCID: PMC10140998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapies are a promising approach for treating a wide range of hard-to-treat diseases, particularly genetic and rare diseases. These therapies involve the use of short synthetic sequences of DNA or RNA that can modulate gene expression or inhibit proteins through various mechanisms. Despite the potential of these therapies, a significant barrier to their widespread use is the difficulty in ensuring their uptake by target cells/tissues. Strategies to overcome this challenge include cell-penetrating peptide conjugation, chemical modification, nanoparticle formulation, and the use of endogenous vesicles, spherical nucleic acids, and smart material-based delivery vehicles. This article provides an overview of these strategies and their potential for the efficient delivery of oligonucleotide drugs, as well as the safety and toxicity considerations, regulatory requirements, and challenges in translating these therapies from the laboratory to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Anwar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Farin Mir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kapil K, Szczepaniak G, Martinez MR, Murata H, Jazani AM, Jeong J, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Visible-Light-Mediated Controlled Radical Branching Polymerization in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217658. [PMID: 36645871 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymethacrylates were synthesized by green-light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) under biologically relevant conditions in the open air. Sodium 2-bromoacrylate (SBA) was prepared in situ from commercially available 2-bromoacrylic acid and used as a water-soluble inibramer to induce branching during the copolymerization of methacrylate monomers. As a result, well-defined branched polymethacrylates were obtained in less than 30 min with predetermined molecular weights (36 000<Mn <170 000), tunable degree of branching, and low dispersity values (1.14≤Đ≤1.33). Moreover, the use of SBA inibramer enabled the synthesis of bioconjugates with a well-controlled branched architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael R Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Arman Moini Jazani
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou D, Zhu LW, Wu BH, Xu ZK, Wan LS. End-functionalized polymers by controlled/living radical polymerizations: synthesis and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on end-functionalized polymers synthesized by controlled/living radical polymerizations and the applications in fields including bioconjugate formation, surface modification, topology construction, and self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang-Wei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bai-Heng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ling-Shu Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiong H, Liu L, Wang Y, Jiang H, Wang X. Engineered Aptamer-Organic Amphiphile Self-Assemblies for Biomedical Applications: Progress and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104341. [PMID: 34622570 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nucleic acid aptamers are exploited as robust targeting ligands in the biomedical field, due to their specific molecular recognition, little immunogenicity, low cost, ect. Thanks to the facile chemical modification and high hydrophilicity, aptamers can be site-specifically linked with hydrophobic moieties to prepare aptamer-organic amphiphiles (AOAs), which spontaneously assemble into aptamer-organic amphiphile self-assemblies (AOASs). These polyvalent self-assemblies feature with enhanced target-binding ability, increased resistance to nuclease, and efficient cargo-loading, making them powerful platforms for bioapplications, including targeted drug delivery, cell-based cancer therapy, biosensing, and bioimaging. Besides, the morphology of AOASs can be elaborately manipulated for smarter biomedical functions, by regulating the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratio of AOAs. Benefiting from the boom in DNA synthesis technology and nanotechnology, various types of AOASs, including aptamer-polymer amphiphile self-assemblies, aptamer-lipid amphiphile self-assemblies, aptamer-cell self-assemblies, ect, have been constructed with great biomedical potential. Particularly, stimuli-responsive AOASs with transformable structure can realize site-specific drug release, enhanced tumor penetration, and specific target molecule detection. Herein, the general synthesis methods of oligonucleotide-organic amphiphiles are firstly summarized. Then recent progress in different types of AOASs for bioapplications and strategies for morphology control are systematically reviewed. The present challenges and future perspectives of this field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Whitfield C, Zhang M, Winterwerber P, Wu Y, Ng DYW, Weil T. Functional DNA-Polymer Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11030-11084. [PMID: 33739829 PMCID: PMC8461608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has seen large developments over the last 30 years through the combination of solid phase synthesis and the discovery of DNA nanostructures. Solid phase synthesis has facilitated the availability of short DNA sequences and the expansion of the DNA toolbox to increase the chemical functionalities afforded on DNA, which in turn enabled the conception and synthesis of sophisticated and complex 2D and 3D nanostructures. In parallel, polymer science has developed several polymerization approaches to build di- and triblock copolymers bearing hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic properties. By bringing together these two emerging technologies, complementary properties of both materials have been explored; for example, the synthesis of amphiphilic DNA-polymer conjugates has enabled the production of several nanostructures, such as spherical and rod-like micelles. Through both the DNA and polymer parts, stimuli-responsiveness can be instilled. Nanostructures have consequently been developed with responsive structural changes to physical properties, such as pH and temperature, as well as short DNA through competitive complementary binding. These responsive changes have enabled the application of DNA-polymer conjugates in biomedical applications including drug delivery. This review discusses the progress of DNA-polymer conjugates, exploring the synthetic routes and state-of-the-art applications afforded through the combination of nucleic acids and synthetic polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette
J. Whitfield
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Meizhou Zhang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu H, Cai J, Zhang K. Synthetic Approaches for Copolymers Containing Nucleic Acids and Analogues: Challenges and Opportunities. Polym Chem 2021; 12:2193-2204. [PMID: 34394751 PMCID: PMC8356553 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01707h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A deep integration of nucleic acids with other classes of materials have become the basis of many useful technologies. Among these biohybrids, nucleic acid-containing copolymers has seen rapid development in both chemistry and application. This review focuses on the various synthetic approaches to access nucleic acid-polymer biohybrids spanning post-polymerization conjugation, nucleic acids in polymerization, solid-phase synthesis, and nucleoside/nucleobase-functionalized polymers. We highlight the challenges associated with working with nucleic acids with each approach and the ingenuity of the solutions, with the hope of lowering the entry barrier and inpsiring further investigations in this exciting area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jiansong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhen Y, Chen L, Ma X, Ding G, Zhang D, Chen Q. β-Amyloid Peptide 1-42-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Isolation and Purification of Glycoproteins in Egg White. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14028-14036. [PMID: 33730480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aβ1-42-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles, Aβ1-42@MNP, were prepared by covalently coupling Aβ1-42 to hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified magnetic nanoparticles via N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Aβ1-42's high binding capacity to glycosyl groups facilitates Aβ1-42@MNP composite to be a promising selective adsorbent for glycoproteins in egg whites. In our study, under conditions of pH 4.0, the adsorption efficiency of Aβ1-42@MNP composite for ovalbumin (100 μg mL-1) was 98.4% and its maximum adsorption capacity was 344.8 mg g -1; under the condition of pH 4.0 and 200 mmol L-1 NaCl, its adsorption efficiencies for ovalbumin and ovotransferrin were 96.9% and 60.0%, respectively. According to these primary data, in practice, ovalbumin was removed from egg white by Aβ1-42@MNP composite at pH 4.0 (step I), and then after adding NaCl until the final salt concentration reached 200 mmol L-1 (pretreated egg white), we utilized the same adsorbent to further isolate/purify glycoproteins (step II). SDS-PAGE results showed that Aβ1-42@MNP composite could largely remove ovalbumin in step I and could isolate/purify the remaining ovalbumin and ovotransferrin in step II. LC-MS/MS analysis results showed that the removal of ovalbumin reduced its percentage in egg white samples from 32.93% to 11.05% in step I and the remaining ovalbumin and ovotransferrin were enriched in step II, where the final percentage reached 11.6% and 12.6%, respectively. In summary, 81 protein species were identified after two-step extraction with Aβ1-42@MNP on egg white, while only 46 protein species were identified directly from raw egg white without any pretreatment. This work well illustrates the excellent adsorption performance of Aβ1-42@MNP composite to glycoproteins and its potential in the application of proteomic studies on low-abundance proteins in egg white.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The preparation and applications of DNA containing polymers are comprehensively reviewed, and they are in the form of DNA−polymer covalent conjugators, supramolecular assemblies and hydrogels for advanced materials with promising features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Min
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Biyi Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Afang Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
14
|
Albert SK, Golla M, Krishnan N, Perumal D, Varghese R. DNA-π Amphiphiles: A Unique Building Block for the Crafting of DNA-Decorated Unilamellar Nanostructures. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2668-2679. [PMID: 33052654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The unparalleled ability of DNA to recognize its complementary strand through Watson and Crick base pairing is one of the most reliable molecular recognition events found in natural systems. This highly specific sequence information encoded in DNA enables it to be a versatile building block for bottom-up self-assembly. Hence, the decoration of functional nanostructures with information-rich DNA is extremely important as this allows the integration of other functional molecules onto the surface of the nanostructures through DNA hybridization in a highly predictable manner. DNA amphiphiles are a class of molecular hybrids where a short hydrophilic DNA is conjugated to a hydrophobic moiety. Since DNA amphiphiles comprise DNA as the hydrophilic segment, their self-assembly in aqueous medium always results in the formation of nanostructures with shell made of DNA. This clearly suggests that self-assembly of DNA amphiphiles is a straightforward strategy for the ultradense decoration of a nanostructure with DNA. However, initial attempts toward the design of DNA amphiphiles were primarily focused on long flexible hydrocarbon chains as the hydrophobic moiety, and it has been demonstrated in several examples that they typically self-assemble into DNA-decorated micelles (spherical or cylindrical). Hence, molecular level control over the self-assembly of DNA amphiphiles and achieving diverse morphologies was extremely challenging and unrealized until recently.In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts in the area of self-assembly of DNA amphiphiles and narrate the remarkable effect of the incorporation of a large π-surface as the hydrophobic domain in the self-assembly of DNA amphiphiles. Self-assembly of DNA amphiphiles with flexible hydrocarbon chains as the hydrophobic moiety is primarily driven by the hydrophobic effect. The morphology of such nanostructures is typically predicted based on the volume ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic segments. However, control over the self-assembly and prediction of the morphology become increasingly challenging when the hydrophobic moieties can interact with each other through other noncovalent interactions. In this Account, the unique self-assembly behaviors of DNA-π amphiphiles, where a large π-surface acts as the hydrophobe, are described. Due to the extremely strong π-π stacking in aqueous medium, the assembly of the amphiphile is found to preferably proceed in a lamellar fashion (bilayer) and hence the morphology of the nanostructures can easily be tuned by the structural modification of the π-surface. Design principles for crafting various DNA-decorated lamellar nanostructures including unilamellar vesicles, two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, and helically twisted nanoribbons by selecting suitable π-surfaces are discussed. Unilamellar vesicular nanostructures were achieved by using linear oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) as the hydrophobic segment, where lamellar assembly undergoes folding to form unilamellar vesicles. The replacement of OPE with a strongly π-stacking hydrophobe such as hexabenzocoronene (HBC) or tetraphenylethylene (TPE) provides extremely strong π-stacking compared to OPE, which efficiently directed the 2D growth for the lamellar assembly and led to the formation of 2D nanosheets. A helical twist in the lamella was achieved by the replacement of HBC with hexaphenylbenzene (HPB), which is the twisted analogue of HBC, directing the assembly into helically twisted nanoribbons. The most beneficial structural feature of this kind of nanostructure is the extremely dense decoration of their surface with ssDNA, which can further be used for DNA-directed organization of other functional nanomaterials. By exploring this, their potential as a nanoscaffold for predefined assembly of plasmonic nanomaterials into various plasmonic 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures through DNA hybridization is discussed. Moreover, the design of pH-responsive DNA-based vesicles and their application as a nanocarrier for payload delivery is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shine K. Albert
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Murali Golla
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Nthiyanandan Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Devanathan Perumal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, 695551 Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lückerath T, Koynov K, Loescher S, Whitfield CJ, Nuhn L, Walther A, Barner‐Kowollik C, Ng DYW, Weil T. DNA-Polymer Nanostructures by RAFT Polymerization and Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15474-15479. [PMID: 32301556 PMCID: PMC7496909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures derived from amphiphilic DNA-polymer conjugates have emerged prominently due to their rich self-assembly behavior; however, their synthesis is traditionally challenging. Here, we report a novel platform technology towards DNA-polymer nanostructures of various shapes by leveraging polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) for polymerization from single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). A "grafting from" protocol for thermal RAFT polymerization from ssDNA under ambient conditions was developed and utilized for the synthesis of functional DNA-polymer conjugates and DNA-diblock conjugates derived from acrylates and acrylamides. Using this method, PISA was applied to manufacture isotropic and anisotropic DNA-polymer nanostructures by varying the chain length of the polymer block. The resulting nanostructures were further functionalized by hybridization with a dye-labelled complementary ssDNA, thus establishing PISA as a powerful route towards intrinsically functional DNA-polymer nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Lückerath
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryFreiburg UniversityStefan Meier Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)Georges-Köhler-Allee 10579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Colette J. Whitfield
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryFreiburg UniversityStefan Meier Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)Georges-Köhler-Allee 10579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetQLD4000BrisbaneAustralia
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engersserstraße 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Synthesis of MacromoleculesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lückerath T, Koynov K, Loescher S, Whitfield CJ, Nuhn L, Walther A, Barner‐Kowollik C, Ng DYW, Weil T. DNA‐Polymer‐Nanostrukturen durch RAFT‐Polymerisation und polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstassemblierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Lückerath
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Universität Freiburg Stefan Meier Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für Interaktive Werkstoffe und Bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Colette J. Whitfield
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Universität Freiburg Stefan Meier Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für Interaktive Werkstoffe und Bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
- Makromolekulare Architekturen Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tanja Weil
- Synthese von Makromolekülen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao F, Chen Z, Wei Z, Tian L. Hydrophobic Interaction: A Promising Driving Force for the Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001048. [PMID: 32832360 PMCID: PMC7435255 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive understanding and proper use of supramolecular interactions have become critical for the development of functional materials, and so is the biomedical application of nucleic acids (NAs). Relatively rare attention has been paid to hydrophobic interaction compared with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction of NAs. However, hydrophobic interaction shows some unique properties, such as high tunability for application interest, minimal effect on NA functionality, and sensitivity to external stimuli. Therefore, the widespread use of hydrophobic interaction has promoted the evolution of NA-based biomaterials in higher-order self-assembly, drug/gene-delivery systems, and stimuli-responsive systems. Herein, the recent progress of NA-based biomaterials whose fabrications or properties are highly determined by hydrophobic interactions is summarized. 1) The hydrophobic interaction of NA itself comes from the accumulation of base-stacking forces, by which the NAs with certain base compositions and chain lengths show properties similar to thermal-responsive polymers. 2) In conjugation with hydrophobic molecules, NA amphiphiles show interesting self-assembly structures with unique properties in many new biosensing and therapeutic strategies. 3) The working-mechanisms of some NA-based complex materials are also dependent on hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, in recent attempts, NA amphiphiles have been applied in organizing macroscopic self-assembly of DNA origami and controlling the cell-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyNangang DistrictHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- Cancer Centre and Centre of ReproductionDevelopment and AgingFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau999078P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- Cancer Centre and Centre of ReproductionDevelopment and AgingFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau999078P. R. China
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology1088 Xueyuan Blvd.Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Atchimnaidu S, Perumal D, Harikrishanan KS, Thelu HVP, Varghese R. Phototheranostic DNA micelles from the self-assembly of DNA-BODIPY amphiphiles for the thermal ablation of cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11858-11862. [PMID: 32484195 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Design of phototheranostic agents in a single step approach is one of the challenges in cancer therapy. Herein, a one-step strategy based on amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly of DNA-BODIPY amphiphiles for the design of a new class of micelles, which offer all three phototheranostic functions, is reported. These include (i) strong emission at NIR (φf = 30%) for imaging, (ii) high photothermal conversion (η = 52%) for PTT and (iii) an ssDNA-based shell for the integration of cell targeting moieties. Selective uptake of DNA micelles into a target cancer cell and its killing by laser irradiation (635 nm) are also demonstrated. Furthermore, the excellent biocompatibility, ultrasmall nanosize and high stability of DNA micelles are promising for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriki Atchimnaidu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Devanathan Perumal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Kaloor S Harikrishanan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Hari Veera Prasad Thelu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Xu X, Winterwerber P, Ng D, Wu Y. DNA-Programmed Chemical Synthesis of Polymers and Inorganic Nanomaterials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:31. [PMID: 32146596 PMCID: PMC7060966 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology, based on sequence-specific DNA recognition, could allow programmed self-assembly of sophisticated nanostructures with molecular precision. Extension of this technique to the preparation of broader types of nanomaterials would significantly improve nanofabrication technique to lower nanometer scale and even achieve single molecule operation. Using such exquisite DNA nanostructures as templates, chemical synthesis of polymer and inorganic nanomaterials could also be programmed with unprecedented accuracy and flexibility. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and assembly of polymer and inorganic nanomaterials using DNA nanostructures as templates, and discusses the current challenges and future outlook of DNA templated nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiao F, Wei Z, Wang M, Hoff A, Bao Y, Tian L. Oligonucleotide-Polymer Conjugates: From Molecular Basics to Practical Application. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:24. [PMID: 32064539 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA exhibits many attractive properties, such as programmability, precise self-assembly, sequence-coded biomedical functions, and good biocompatibility; therefore, DNA has been used extensively as a building block to construct novel nanomaterials. Recently, studies on oligonucleotide-polymer conjugates (OPCs) have attracted increasing attention. As hybrid molecules, OPCs exhibit novel properties, e.g., sophisticated self-assembly behaviors, which are distinct from the simple combination of the functions of DNA and polymer, making OPCs interesting and useful. The synthesis and applications of OPCs are highly dependent on the choice of the polymer block, but a systematic summary of OPCs based on their molecular structures is still lacking. In order to design OPCs for further applications, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the structure-function relationship of OPCs. In this review, we carefully categorize recently developed OPCs by the structures of the polymer blocks, and discuss the synthesis, purification, and applications for each category. Finally, we will comment on future prospects for OPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Maggie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA
| | - Alexandra Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9150, USA.
| | - Leilei Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Messina MS, Messina KMM, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery HR, Maynard HD. Preparation of Biomolecule-Polymer Conjugates by Grafting-From Using ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 100:101186. [PMID: 32863465 PMCID: PMC7453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-polymer conjugates are constructs that take advantage of the functional or otherwise beneficial traits inherent to biomolecules and combine them with synthetic polymers possessing specially tailored properties. The rapid development of novel biomolecule-polymer conjugates based on proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids has ushered in a variety of unique materials, which exhibit functional attributes including thermo-responsiveness, exceptional stability, and specialized specificity. Key to the synthesis of new biomolecule-polymer hybrids is the use of controlled polymerization techniques coupled with either grafting-from, grafting-to, or grafting-through methodology, each of which exhibit distinct advantages and/or disadvantages. In this review, we present recent progress in the development of biomolecule-polymer conjugates with a focus on works that have detailed the use of grafting-from methods employing ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miura Y. Controlled polymerization for the development of bioconjugate polymers and materials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2010-2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of various biopolymers with synthetic polymers were preparedvialiving radical polymerization. The conjugates have precise structures and potential for novel biofunctional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Baker SL, Kaupbayeva B, Lathwal S, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Biorelated Hybrid Materials. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4272-4298. [PMID: 31738532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipid vesicles, and carbohydrates are the major classes of biomacromolecules that function to sustain life. Biology also uses post-translation modification to increase the diversity and functionality of these materials, which has inspired attaching various other types of polymers to biomacromolecules. These polymers can be naturally (carbohydrates and biomimetic polymers) or synthetically derived and have unique properties with tunable architectures. Polymers are either grafted-to or grown-from the biomacromolecule's surface, and characteristics including polymer molar mass, grafting density, and degree of branching can be controlled by changing reaction stoichiometries. The resultant conjugated products display a chimerism of properties such as polymer-induced enhancement in stability with maintained bioactivity, and while polymers are most often conjugated to proteins, they are starting to be attached to nucleic acids and lipid membranes (cells) as well. The fundamental studies with protein-polymer conjugates have improved our synthetic approaches, characterization techniques, and understanding of structure-function relationships that will lay the groundwork for creating new conjugated biomacromolecular products which could lead to breakthroughs in genetic and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kargaard A, Sluijter JPG, Klumperman B. Polymeric siRNA gene delivery - transfection efficiency versus cytotoxicity. J Control Release 2019; 316:263-291. [PMID: 31689462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the field of gene therapy, there is a considerable need for the development of non-viral vectors that are able to compete with the efficiency obtained by viral vectors, while maintaining a good toxicity profile and not inducing an immune response within the body. While there have been many reports of possible polymeric delivery systems, few of these systems have been successful in the clinical setting due to toxicity, systemic instability or gene regulation inefficiency, predominantly due to poor endosomal escape and cytoplasmic release. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of previously published polymeric non-coding RNA and, to a lesser degree, oligo-DNA delivery systems with emphasis on their positive and negative attributes, in order to provide insight in the numerous hurdles that still limit the success of gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kargaard
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; University Medical Center Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shin J, Li S. Utilization of a Multiple Cloning Site as a Versatile Platform for DNA Triblock Copolymer Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2563-2572. [PMID: 31545903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA-containing block copolymers have utility in a wide range of biomedical applications. However, synthesis of these hybrid materials, especially ones with complex chain structures, remains to be a major challenge. Here, we report the use of a combination of restriction enzyme sites and ligation enzymes to synthesize DNA triblock copolymers. In contrast to triblock structures held together by DNA hybridization, the newly synthesized DNA triblocks have all blocks connected by covalent bonds. The improved stability of the triblocks against environmental factors such as urea denaturing is confirmed. Furthermore, we incorporate a multiple cloning site (MCS) into the DNA block copolymers and show that the restriction sites can be cut by their corresponding restriction enzymes, generating diblocks with different sticky ends. By utilizing these sticky ends of specific sequences, the cut diblocks are further ligated to create a variety of triblock copolymers with different DNA center blocks and synthetic polymer end blocks. This study presents a versatile platform based on MCS for the synthesis and regeneration of a range of DNA-containing block copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeehae Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Poly(-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV): Current advances in synthesis methodologies, antitumor applications and biocompatibility. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
28
|
Sun Y, Lathwal S, Wang Y, Fu L, Olszewski M, Fantin M, Enciso AE, Szczepaniak G, Das S, Matyjaszewski K. Preparation of Well-Defined Polymers and DNA-Polymer Bioconjugates via Small-Volume eATRP in the Presence of Air. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:603-609. [PMID: 35619358 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) was performed in a small volume solution (75 μL) deposited on a screen-printed electrode (SPE). The reaction was open to air, thanks to the use of glucose oxidase (GOx) as an oxygen scavenger. Well-defined poly(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate) (PMSEA), poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEOMA), and corresponding DNA-polymer biohybrids were synthesized by the small-volume eATRP at room temperature. The reactions were simplified and polymerization rates increased by the application of the enzyme deoxygenating system and the compact electrochemical setup. Importantly, the volume of polymerization mixture was lowered to microliters, which not only decreases the cost for each reaction, but can also be potentially implemented in combinatorial chemistry and electrode-array configurations for high-throughput systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun H, Yang L, Thompson MP, Schara S, Cao W, Choi W, Hu Z, Zang N, Tan W, Gianneschi NC. Recent Advances in Amphiphilic Polymer-Oligonucleotide Nanomaterials via Living/Controlled Polymerization Technologies. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1889-1904. [PMID: 30969752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the field of polymer-oligonucleotide nanomaterials has flourished because of the development of synthetic techniques, particularly living polymerization technologies, which provide access to polymers with well-defined architectures, precise molecular weights, and terminal or side-chain functionalities. Various "living" polymerization methods have empowered chemists with the ability to prepare functional polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates yielding a library of architectures, including linear diblock, comb, star, hyperbranched star, and gel morphologies. Since oligonucleotides are hydrophilic and synthetic polymers can be tailored with hydrophobicity, these amphiphilic polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates are capable of self-assembling into nanostructures with different shapes, leading to many high-value-added biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, gene regulation, and 3D-bioprinting. This review aims to highlight the main living polymerization approaches to polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates, including ring-opening metathesis polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT), and ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and N-carboxyanhydride. The self-assembly properties and resulting applications of polymer-DNA hybrid materials are highlighted as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Steve Schara
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Wei Cao
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Ziying Hu
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Runhua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410007, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Golla M, Albert SK, Atchimnaidu S, Perumal D, Krishnan N, Varghese R. DNA‐Decorated, Helically Twisted Nanoribbons: A Scaffold for the Fabrication of One‐Dimensional, Chiral, Plasmonic Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Golla
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram Trivandrum- 695551 Kerala India
| | - Shine K. Albert
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram Trivandrum- 695551 Kerala India
| | - Siriki Atchimnaidu
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram Trivandrum- 695551 Kerala India
| | - Devanathan Perumal
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram Trivandrum- 695551 Kerala India
| | - Nithiyanandan Krishnan
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram Trivandrum- 695551 Kerala India
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram Trivandrum- 695551 Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Golla M, Albert SK, Atchimnaidu S, Perumal D, Krishnan N, Varghese R. DNA-Decorated, Helically Twisted Nanoribbons: A Scaffold for the Fabrication of One-Dimensional, Chiral, Plasmonic Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3865-3869. [PMID: 30690822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Crafting of chiral plasmonic nanostructures is extremely important and challenging. DNA-directed organization of nanoparticle on a chiral template is the most appealing strategy for this purpose. Herein, we report a supramolecular approach for the design of DNA-decorated, helically twisted nanoribbons through the amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly of a new class of amphiphiles derived from DNA and hexaphenylbenzene (HPB). The ribbons are self-assembled in a lamellar fashion through the hydrophobic interactions of HPB. The transfer of molecular chirality of ssDNA into the HPB core results in the bias of one of the chiral propeller conformations for HPB and induces a helical twist into the lamellar packing, and leads to the formation of DNA-wrapped nanoribbons with M-helicity. The potential of the ribbon to act as a reversible template for the 1D chiral organization of plasmonic nanomaterials through DNA hybridization is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Golla
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Shine K Albert
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Siriki Atchimnaidu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Devanathan Perumal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Nithiyanandan Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum-, 695551, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fouz MF, Dey SK, Mukumoto K, Matyjaszewski K, Armitage BA, Das SR. Accessibility of Densely Localized DNA on Soft Polymer Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14731-14737. [PMID: 30148639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dense localization of DNA on soluble nanoparticles can lead to effects distinct from equivalent amounts of the DNA in solution. However, the specific effect may depend on the nature of the assembly and the nanoparticle core. Here we examine the accessibility of densely packed DNA duplexes that extend from a bottle-brush polymer core. We find that unlike spherical nucleic acids, the DNA duplex bristles on the bottle-brush polymer remain accessible to sequence-specific cleavage by endonucleases. In addition, the hybridized strand of the duplex can be displaced through a toehold-mediated strand exchange even at the polymer interface. These results demonstrate that the DNA on bottle-brush polymer remains sufficiently flexible to allow enzymatic degradation or DNA hybridization.
Collapse
|
34
|
Enciso AE, Fu L, Lathwal S, Olszewski M, Wang Z, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Biocatalytic “Oxygen‐Fueled” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Enciso AE, Fu L, Lathwal S, Olszewski M, Wang Z, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Biocatalytic "Oxygen-Fueled" Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16157-16161. [PMID: 30329207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) can be carried out in a flask completely open to air using a biocatalytic system composed of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with an active copper catalyst complex. Nanomolar concentrations of the enzymes and ppm amounts of Cu provided excellent control over the polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500 ), generating polymers with high molecular weight (Mn >70 000) and low dispersities (1.13≤Đ≤1.27) in less than an hour. The continuous oxygen supply was necessary for the generation of radicals and polymer chain growth as demonstrated by temporal control and by inducing hypoxic conditions. In addition, the enzymatic cascade polymerization triggered by oxygen was used for a protein and DNA functionalized with initiators to form protein-b-POEOMA and DNA-b-POEOMA bioconjugates, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fu L, Wang Z, Lathwal S, Enciso AE, Simakova A, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Polymer Bioconjugates via Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization under Blue Light Irradiation. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1248-1253. [PMID: 31819831 PMCID: PMC6901285 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid blue-light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was conducted in a biologically friendly environment. Well-controlled polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA) was successfully performed in aqueous media (1X PBS) under irradiation by blue LED strips. With 10.0 mW/cm2 intensity output at 450 nm, >90% conversion was achieved in 2 h in the presence of a system comprising glucose, glucose oxidase, and sodium pyruvate. Poly-(OEOMA) was synthesized with predetermined M n and low dispersities using low ppm of Cu catalysts. Importantly, secondary structures of proteins, as analyzed by circular dichroism (CD), were preserved under blue-light irradiation due to its lower energy output. The aqueous blue-light ATRP technique was applied to biological systems by synthesizing well-defined protein-polymer and DNA-polymer hybrids by the "grafting-from" method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Antonina Simakova
- Biohybrid Solutions LLC, 320 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, United States
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Krishnan N, Golla M, Thelu HVP, Albert SK, Atchimnaidu S, Perumal D, Varghese R. Self-assembly of DNA-tetraphenylethylene amphiphiles into DNA-grafted nanosheets as a support for the immobilization of gold nanoparticles: a recyclable catalyst with enhanced activity. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17174-17181. [PMID: 30187067 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Preventing the aggregation of NPs and their recovery are the two major hurdles in NP based catalysis. Immobilization of NPs on a support has proven to be a promising strategy to overcome these difficulties. Herein we report the design of high aspect ratio two-dimensional (2D) crystalline DNA nanosheets formed from the amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly of DNA-tetraphenylethylene amphiphiles and also demonstrate the potential of DNA nanosheets for the immobilization of catalytically active NPs. The most remarkable feature of this approach is the high loading of NPs in a non-aggregated manner, and hence exhibiting enhanced catalytic activity. Recycling of NP loaded nanosheets for several cycles without reduction in catalytic efficiency by simple ultrafiltration is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithiyanandan Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Vithura, Trivandrum-695551, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kinetically guided radical-based synthesis of C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) linkages on DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6404-E6410. [PMID: 29946037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries (DEL)-based discovery platforms have recently been widely adopted in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly due to their powerful diversity and incredible number of molecules. In the two decades since their disclosure, great strides have been made to expand the toolbox of reaction modes that are compatible with the idiosyncratic aqueous, dilute, and DNA-sensitive parameters of this system. However, construction of highly important C(sp3)-C(sp3) linkages on DNA through cross-coupling remains unexplored. In this article, we describe a systematic approach to translating standard organic reactions to a DEL setting through the tactical combination of kinetic analysis and empirical screening with information captured from data mining. To exemplify this model, implementation of the Giese addition to forge high value C-C bonds on DNA was studied, which represents a radical-based synthesis in DEL.
Collapse
|
39
|
Matyjaszewski K. Advanced Materials by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706441. [PMID: 29582478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been successfully employed for the preparation of various advanced materials with controlled architecture. New catalysts with strongly enhanced activity permit more environmentally benign ATRP procedures using ppm levels of catalyst. Precise control over polymer composition, topology, and incorporation of site specific functionality enables synthesis of well-defined gradient, block, comb copolymers, polymers with (hyper)branched structures including stars, densely grafted molecular brushes or networks, as well as inorganic-organic hybrid materials and bioconjugates. Examples of specific applications of functional materials include thermoplastic elastomers, nanostructured carbons, surfactants, dispersants, functionalized surfaces, and biorelated materials.
Collapse
|
40
|
Chidchob P, Sleiman HF. Recent advances in DNA nanotechnology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:63-70. [PMID: 29751162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA is a powerful guiding molecule to achieve the precise construction of arbitrary structures and high-resolution organization of functional materials. The combination of sequence programmability, rigidity and highly specific molecular recognition in this molecule has resulted in a wide range of exquisitely designed DNA frameworks. To date, the impressive potential of DNA nanomaterials has been demonstrated from fundamental research to technological advancements in materials science and biomedicine. This review presents a summary of some of the most recent developments in structural DNA nanotechnology regarding new assembly approaches and efforts in translating DNA nanomaterials into practical use. Recent work on incorporating blunt-end stacking and hydrophobic interactions as orthogonal instruction rules in DNA assembly, and several emerging applications of DNA nanomaterials will also be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pongphak Chidchob
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Z, Wang Z, Pan X, Fu L, Lathwal S, Olszewski M, Yan J, Enciso AE, Wang Z, Xia H, Matyjaszewski K. Ultrasonication-Induced Aqueous Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:275-280. [PMID: 35632917 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new procedure for ultrasonication-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (sono-ATRP) in aqueous media was developed. Polymerizations of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in water were successfully carried out in the presence of ppm amounts of CuBr2 catalyst and tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligand when exposed to ultrasonication (40 kHz, 110 W) at room temperature. Aqueous sono-ATRP enabled polymerization of water-soluble monomers with excellent control over the molecular weight, dispersity, and high retention of chain-end functionality. Temporal control over the polymer chain growth was demonstrated by switching the ultrasound on/off due to the regeneration of activators by hydroxyl radicals formed by ultrasonication. The synthesis of a well-defined block copolymer and DNA-polymer biohybrid was also successful using this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hesheng Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tokura Y, Harvey S, Xu X, Chen C, Morsbach S, Wunderlich K, Fytas G, Wu Y, Ng DYW, Weil T. Polymer tube nanoreactors via DNA-origami templated synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2808-2811. [PMID: 29492501 PMCID: PMC5885267 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the stepwise synthesis of precise polymeric objects programmed by a 3D DNA tube transformed from a common 2D DNA tile as a precise biotemplate for atom transfer radical polymerization. The catalytic interior space of the DNA tube was utilized for synthesizing a bio-inspired polymer, polydopamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tokura
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Inorganic Chemistry I , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
| | - Sean Harvey
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037 , 430074 Hongshan , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Chaojian Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Inorganic Chemistry I , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Katrin Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037 , 430074 Hongshan , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Inorganic Chemistry I , Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thelu HVP, Albert SK, Golla M, Krishnan N, Ram D, Srinivasula SM, Varghese R. Size controllable DNA nanogels from the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures through multivalent host-guest interactions. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:222-230. [PMID: 29210437 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels made of biomolecules are one of the potential candidates as a nanocarrier for drug delivery applications. The unique structural characteristics and excellent biocompatibility of DNA suggest that DNA nanogels would be an ideal candidate. Herein, a general design strategy for the crafting of DNA nanogels with controllable size using the multivalent host-guest interaction between β-CD functionalized branched DNA nanostructures as the host and a star-shaped adamantyl-terminated 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) polymer as the guest is reported. Our results reveal that multivalent host-guest interactions are necessary for the nanogel formation. Nanogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility, good cell permeability and high drug encapsulation ability, which are promising features for their application as a drug carrier. The encapsulation of doxorubicin, an anticancer drug, inside the hydrophobic network of the nanogel and its delivery into cancer cells are also reported. We hope that the general design strategy demonstrated for the creation of DNA nanogels may encourage other researchers to use this approach for the design of DNA nanogels of other DNA nanostructures, and explore the potential of DNA nanogels in drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Veera Prasad Thelu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET Campus, Trivandrum-695016, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Albert SK, Sivakumar I, Golla M, Thelu HVP, Krishnan N, K L JL, Ashish, Varghese R. DNA-Decorated Two-Dimensional Crystalline Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17799-17802. [PMID: 29232955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of high aspect ratio 2D nanosheets with surface having ultradense array of information-rich molecule such as DNA is extremely challenging. Herein, we report a universal strategy based on amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly for the crafting of high aspect ratio, 2D sheets that are densely surface-decorated with DNA. Microscopy and X-ray analyses have shown that the sheets are crystalline. The most unique feature of the sheets is DNA-directed surface addressability, which is demonstrated through the decoration of either faces of the sheet with gold nanoparticles through sequence-specific DNA hybridization. Our results suggest that this design strategy can be applied as a general approach for the synthesis of DNA decorated high aspect ratio sheets, which may find potential applications in materials science, drug delivery, and nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shine K Albert
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Irla Sivakumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Murali Golla
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Hari Veera Prasad Thelu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Nithiyanandan Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph Libin K L
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Ashish
- Protein Science and Engineering Division, Institute of Microbial Technology , Sector 39-A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Albert SK, Golla M, Thelu HVP, Krishnan N, Varghese R. A pH-Responsive DNAsome from the Self-Assembly of DNA-Phenyleneethynylene Hybrid Amphiphile. Chemistry 2017; 23:8348-8352. [PMID: 28489295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A pH-responsive DNAsome derived from the amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly of DNA amphiphile containing C-rich DNA sequence is reported. The acidification of DNAsome induces a structural change of C-rich DNA from random coil to an i-motif structure that triggers the disassembly of DNAsome and its subsequent morphological transformation into an open entangled network. The encapsulation of a hydrophobic guest into the membrane of DNAsome and its pH-triggered release upon acidification of DNAsome is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shine K Albert
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET campus, Trivandrum-, 695016, India
| | - Murali Golla
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET campus, Trivandrum-, 695016, India
| | - Hari Veera Prasad Thelu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET campus, Trivandrum-, 695016, India
| | - Nithiyanandan Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET campus, Trivandrum-, 695016, India
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET campus, Trivandrum-, 695016, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Albert SK, Thelu HVP, Golla M, Krishnan N, Varghese R. Modular synthesis of supramolecular DNA amphiphiles through host-guest interactions and their self-assembly into DNA-decorated nanovesicles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5425-5432. [PMID: 28300237 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures have found potential applications in various fields including nanotechnology, materials science and nanomedicine, hence the design and synthesis of DNA nanostructures is extremely important. Self-assembly of DNA amphiphiles provides an efficient strategy for the crafting of soft DNA nanostructures. However, the synthesis of DNA amphiphiles is always challenging. Herein, we show a non-covalent approach based on the host-guest interaction between β-CD and adamantane for the synthesis of DNA amphiphiles, and report their amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly into DNA decorated vesicles. The DNA-directed surface addressability of the vesicles is demonstrated through their surface decoration with Au-NPs through DNA hybridization. Our results suggest that the non-covalent approach represents a simple, efficient and universal method for the synthesis of DNA amphiphiles, and provides an excellent strategy for the creation of smart DNA nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shine K Albert
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET campus, Trivandrum-695016, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Pan X, Lathwal S, Mack S, Yan J, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Automated Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymers and Biohybrids by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using a DNA Synthesizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2740-2743. [PMID: 28164438 PMCID: PMC5341381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A DNA synthesizer was successfully employed for preparation of well-defined polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), in a technique termed AutoATRP. This method provides well-defined homopolymers, diblock copolymers, and biohybrids under automated photomediated ATRP conditions. PhotoATRP was selected over other ATRP methods because of mild reaction conditions, ambient temperature, tolerance to oxygen, and no need to introduce reducing agents or radical initiators. Both acrylate and methacrylate monomers were successfully polymerized with excellent control in the DNA synthesizer. Diblock copolymers were synthesized with different targeted degrees of polymerization and with high retention of chain-end functionality. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers were grafted from DNA. The DNA-polymer hybrids were characterized by SEC and DLS. The AutoATRP method provides an efficient route to prepare a range of different polymeric materials, especially polymer-biohybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Stephanie Mack
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pan X, Lathwal S, Mack S, Yan J, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Automated Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymers and Biohybrids by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using a DNA Synthesizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Stephanie Mack
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang G, Schmitt M, Wang Z, Lee B, Pan X, Fu L, Yan J, Li S, Xie G, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA) Using ICAR ATRP at Low Catalyst Concentration. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bongjoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sipei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|