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Iwata Y, Yoshida T, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Non-Aqueous Polyhedral Liquid Marbles Stabilized with Polymer Plates Having Surface Roughness. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402297. [PMID: 38837678 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic polymer plates with smooth and rough surfaces are used as a stabilizer for cubic liquid marbles (LMs) to study the effect of surface roughness on their formation. The smooth and rough polymer plates can stabilize LMs using liquids with surface tensions of 72.8-26.6 and 72.8-22.9 mN m-1, respectively. It is clarified that the higher the surface roughness, the lower the surface tension of the liquids are stabilized to form the LMs. These results indicated that the introduction of surface roughness improves the hydrophobicity of the polymer plates and the rough polymer plates can stabilize LMs using liquids with a wider surface tension range. Electron microscopy studies and numerical analyses confirmed that the LMs can be formed, when the Cassie-Baxter wetting state, where θY>90° (θY: the contact angle on smooth surfaces) and θR>90° (θR: the contact angle on rough surfaces), and the metastable Cassie-Baxter wetting state, where θY<90° and θR>90°, are realized. Finally, the synthesis of cubic polymer particles are succeeded by free radical polymerization of the cubic LMs containing a hydrophobic vinyl monomer (dodecyl acrylate) in a solvent-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Iwata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering. Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering. Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering. Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
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2
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Onodera E, Usuda S, Hara H, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Fujii S, Nakamura Y, Yusa SI. pH- and Photoresponsive Liquid Plasticine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11757-11765. [PMID: 38769613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) can be prepared by adsorption of hydrophobic particles at the air-liquid interface of a water droplet. LMs have been studied for their application as microreaction vessels. However, their opaqueness poses challenges for internal observation. Liquid plasticines (LPs), akin to LMs, can be prepared by the adsorption of hydrophobic particles with a diameter of 50 nm or less, at the air-liquid interface of a water droplet. Unlike LMs, LPs are transparent, allowing for internal observation, thus presenting promising applications as reactors and culture vessels on a microliter scale. In this study, the surface of silica particles, approximately 20 nm in diameter, was rendered hydrophobic to prepare hydrophobic silica particles (SD0). A small amount of poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDPA) was then grafted onto the surface of SD0, yielding SD1. SD0 particles exhibited consistent hydrophobicity irrespective of the environmental pH atmosphere. Under acidic conditions, SD1 became hydrophilic due to the protonation of pendant tertiary amines in the grafted PDPA chains. However, SD1 alone was unsuitable for LP preparation due to its high surface wettability regardless of atmospheric pH, attributable to the presence of PDPA-grafted chains. Therefore, to prepare pH-responsive LP, SD1 and SD0 were mixed (SD1/SD0 = 3/7). Upon exposure to HCl gas, these LPs ruptured, with the leaked water from the LPs being absorbed by adjacent paper. Moreover, clear LPs, prepared using an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble photoacid generator (PAG), disintegrated upon exposure to light as PAG generated acid, leading to LP breakdown. In summary, pH-responsive LPs, capable of disintegration under acidic conditions and upon light irradiation, were successfully prepared in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Onodera
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Sari Usuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Hodaka Hara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Md Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
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Tsumura Y, Fameau AL, Matsui K, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Photo- and Thermoresponsive Liquid Marbles Based on Fatty Acid as Phase Change Material Coated by Polypyrrole: From Design to Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:878-889. [PMID: 36602465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Responsive liquid marbles (LMs), which can change their shape, stability, and motion by the application of stimuli, attract a growing interest due to their wide range of applications. Our approach to design photo- and thermoresponsive LMs is based on the use of micrometer-sized fatty acid (FA) particles as phase change material covered with polypyrrole (PPy) overlayers with photothermal property. The core-shell particles were synthesized by aqueous chemical oxidative seeded dispersion polymerization. First, we investigated the effect of the alkyl chain length of FA on the resulting FA/PPy core-shell particles by characterizing their size and its distribution, shape, morphology, chemical composition, and photothermal behavior. Then LMs were fabricated by rolling water droplets on the dried FA/PPy particle powder bed and their light and temperature dual stimuli-responsive nature was studied as a function of the FA alkyl chain length. For all FAs studied, LMs disrupted in a domino manner by light irradiation as the first trigger: the temperature of the FA/PPy particles on the LM surface increased by light irradiation, followed by phase change of FA core of the particles from solid to liquid, resulting in disruption of the LM and release of the encapsulated water. The disruption time was closely correlated to the melting point of FA linked to the alkyl chain length and light irradiation power, and it could be controlled and tuned easily between quasi instantaneous and approximately 10 s. Finally, we showed potential applications of the LMs as a carrier for controlled delivery and release of substances and a sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsumura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Anne-Laure Fameau
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kanade Matsui
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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Feng Y, Yao G, Xu J, Wang L, Liu G. Effect of surface roughness on the solar evaporation of liquid marbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:644-653. [PMID: 36182756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nanostructured materials are widely used for solar energy harvesting and conversion due to their excellent photothermal properties. It is generally accepted that the better the light absorption ability, the better the photothermal conversion efficiency. EXPERIMENT A series of experiments in solar evaporation of liquid marbles (LMs) by coating the droplets with Fe3O4, Ni nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are conducted. FINDINGS Conversely, we found that the surface roughness of solar absorber plays a significant role in solar evaporation rather than the light absorption. The results disclose that the Fe3O4 NPs with the lowest absorptivity has the largest roughness on drop surface, while that of CNTs show the opposite properties. The evaporation dynamics of LMs are featured with dome or constant spherical collapse with different roughness. Such dynamic difference arises from the mechanical competition between the capillary force and interparticle interaction. Besides, the strong light-harvesting and near-field radiation enabled by the rough surfaces enhance the solar evaporation. The Fe3O4-LM shows the highest evaporation rate of 6.55 μg/s, which is 1.09 and 1.30 times larger than that of Ni-LM and CNT-LM, respectively. Numerical analysis reveals that the rough surface with stacking arrangement of NPs greatly enhances the light-induced electromagnetic field and heat concentration over the interface, leading to a plasmon-coupling boundary with high temperature for the fast evaporation. Uncovering these properties could be of much help for developments of heatable miniature evaporators or reactors and their counterparts, permitting a broad range of processes with precise temperature and kinetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Guansheng Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jinliang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
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Lekshmi BS, Varanakkottu SN. Droplet-Impact Driven Formation of Ultralow Volume Liquid Marbles with Enhanced Mechanical Stability and Sensing Ability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11743-11752. [PMID: 36109337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs), droplets encapsulated with micro/nanoparticles, have attracted significant attention owing to their potential applications in various fields, ranging from microbioreactors to sensors. The volume of the LMs is a key parameter determining their mechanical stability and gas sensing ability. It is ideal to work with small volumes because of their better mechanical stability and gas sensing power compared to the larger LMs. Though many methods exist for producing LMs in the volume range above 2 μL, no reliable method exists to prepare fully coated submicroliter LMs with tunable volume. The situation becomes even more difficult when one attempts to produce tiny Janus Liquid Marbles (JLMs). This paper presents a simple, single-step, and efficient strategy for obtaining both the pristine LMs and JLMs in the volume range 200 nL to 18 μL. The core idea relies on the impact of a liquid drop on a particle bed at a Weber number of ∼55 to produce two daughter droplets and to convert these droplets into LMs/JLMs. The whole process takes only a few tens of milliseconds (∼50 ms). We have rendered the experimental schemes so that both the JLMs and pristine LMs can be produced in a single step, with control over their volume. The mechanical stability analysis of the prepared marbles indicates that 200 nL is 5 times more stable than 10 μL of LMs. The 0.72 μL LMs prepared with a 0.5 v/v % phenolphthalein indicator solution showed 3 times faster response time to ammonia gas sensing than 10 μL of LMs. The results presented in this work open up a new route for the rapid and reliable production of both multilayered LMs and JLMs with tunable volume in a wide range (200 nL to 18 μL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindhu Sunilkumar Lekshmi
- Optofluidics and Interface Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala India, 673601
| | - Subramanyan Namboodiri Varanakkottu
- Optofluidics and Interface Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala India, 673601
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Tsumura Y, Oyama K, Fameau AL, Seike M, Ohtaka A, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Photo/Thermo Dual Stimulus-Responsive Liquid Marbles Stabilized with Polypyrrole-Coated Stearic Acid Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41618-41628. [PMID: 36043393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the fabrication of photo/thermo dual stimulus-responsive liquid marbles (LMs) that can be disrupted by light irradiation and/or heating. To stabilize the LMs, we synthesized micrometer-sized stearic acid (SA) particles coated with overlayers of polypyrrole (PPy) by aqueous chemical oxidative seeded dispersion polymerization. The SA/PPy core-shell particles could adsorb at the air-water interface to stabilize LMs by rolling water droplets on the particle powder bed. The presence of SA, known as a phase-change material, which undergoes a transition from solid to liquid by heating, and PPy, which can transduce light to heat, gives rise to the photo and thermo dual stimulus-responsive characters of the LMs. The disruption of the LMs could be induced in a cascade manner: light irradiation on the LM induced a temperature increase, followed by melting of the SA component on the LM surface, leading to its disruption and release of the inner water. The disruption time is linked to the PPy loading and light irradiation power, and it can be tuned from quasi-instantaneous to a few tens of seconds. The melting of SA due to a light-induced phase change from the solid to liquid state is a new mechanism to trigger the disruption of LMs. We finally demonstrated two applications of the LMs as a light-responsive microreactor and a sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsumura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Keigo Oyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Anne-Laure Fameau
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207─UMET─Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Musashi Seike
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohtaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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7
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Feng Y, Wang L, Xu J, Liu G. Effect of particle size on the stripping dynamics during impact of liquid marbles onto a liquid film. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5230-5238. [PMID: 35771045 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The robust attachment of particles at fluid interfaces is favorable for engineering new materials due to the large capillary energy, but it meets significant challenges when particle removal is a requirement. A previous study has shown that soap films can be utilized to achieve particle separation from liquid marbles. Here, we investigate the effects of particle size on the particle separation from liquid marbles using fast dynamics of drop impact on a soap film. Experimental observations disclose that the fast dynamics of the liquid marble involves coalescence, bouncing, stripping, or tunneling through the film by controlling the falling height and drop volume. More importantly, the active regime of the stripping mode can be selective-controlled by tuning the particle size, and the smaller stabilizing particles make a wider stripping regime. This is attributed to the smaller change of the surface energy resulting from the larger surface tension of LMs wrapped by smaller particles. Theoretical analysis reveals that the stripping thresholds are determined by the energy competition between kinetic energy, the increased surface energy and viscous dissipation, which offers important insights into particle separation by tuning the particle size. The present study provides guidelines for applications that involve phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Jinliang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Guohua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
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8
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Lobel BT, Hobson MJ, Ireland PM, Webber GB, Thomas CA, Ogino H, Fujii S, Wanless EJ. Interparticle Repulsion of Microparticles Delivered to a Pendent Drop by an Electric Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:670-679. [PMID: 34968053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report an unusually large spacing observed between microparticles after delivery to the surface of a pendent water droplet using a DC nonuniform electrostatic field, primarily via dielectrophoresis. The influence of particle properties was investigated using core particles, which were either coated or surface-modified to alter their wettability and conductivity. Particles that exhibited this spacing were both hydrophobic and possessed some dielectric material exposed to the external field, such as a coating or exposed dielectric core. The origin of this behavior is proposed to be the induced dipole-dipole repulsion between particles, which increases with particle size and decreases when the magnitude of the electric field is reduced. When the particles were no longer subjected to an external field, this large interparticle repulsion ceased and the particles settled to the bottom of the droplet under the force of gravity. We derive a simple model to predict this spacing, with the dipole-dipole repulsion balanced against particle weight. The external electric field was calculated using the existing electric field models. The spacing was found to be dependent on particle density and the induced dipole moment as well as the number of particles present on the droplet interface. As the number of particles increased, a decrease in interparticle spacing was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Lobel
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Matthew J Hobson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Peter M Ireland
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Casey A Thomas
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Haruka Ogino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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9
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Abstract
Modelling the profile of a liquid droplet has been a mainstream technique for researchers to study the physical properties of a liquid. This study proposes a facile modelling approach using an elliptic model to generate the profile of sessile droplets, with MATLAB as the simulation environment. The concept of the elliptic method is simple and easy to use. Only three specific points on the droplet are needed to generate the complete theoretical droplet profile along with its critical parameters such as volume, surface area, height, and contact radius. In addition, we introduced fitting coefficients to accurately determine the contact angle and surface tension of a droplet. Droplet volumes ranging from 1 to 300 µL were chosen for this investigation, with contact angles ranging from 90° to 180°. Our proposed method was also applied to images of actual water droplets with good results. This study demonstrates that the elliptic method is in excellent agreement with the Young–Laplace equation and can be used for rapid and accurate approximation of liquid droplet profiles to determine the surface tension and contact angle.
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Fujiwara J, Yokoyama A, Seike M, Vogel N, Rey M, Oyama K, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Boxes fabricated from plate-stabilized liquid marbles. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:4604-4609. [PMID: 34355189 PMCID: PMC8290327 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00398d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyhedral liquid marbles were fabricated using hydrophobic polymer plates in the shape of a circle, a heart and a star as a stabilizer and water as an inner liquid phase. Boxes could be fabricated by the evaporation of the inner water from the liquid marbles. The fabrication efficiency and stability of these boxes as a function of the plate shape were investigated. Functional materials such as polymers and colloidal particles were successfully introduced into the boxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Fujiwara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
| | - Ai Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
| | - Musashi Seike
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstrasse 4 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Marcel Rey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road Edinburgh EH9 3FD UK
| | - Keigo Oyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan
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11
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Lobel BT, Thomas CA, Ireland PM, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. Liquid marbles, formation and locomotion using external fields and forces. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Uda M, Kawashima H, Mayama H, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Locomotion of a Nonaqueous Liquid Marble Induced by Near-Infrared-Light Irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4172-4182. [PMID: 33788574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized hydrophobic polyaniline (PANI) grains were synthesized via an aqueous chemical oxidative polymerization protocol in the presence of dopant carrying perfluoroalkyl or alkyl groups. The critical surface tensions of the PANIs synthesized in the presence of heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate dopants were lower than that of PANI synthesized in the absence of dopant, indicating the presence of hydrophobic dopant on the grain surfaces. The PANI grains could adsorb to air-liquid interfaces, and aqueous and nonaqueous liquid marbles (LMs) were successfully fabricated using liquids with surface tensions ranging between 72.8 and 42.9 mN/m. Thermography studies confirmed that the surface temperature of the LMs increased by near-infrared light irradiation thanks to the photothermal property of the PANI, and the maximum temperatures measured for nonaqueous LMs were higher than that measured for aqueous LM. We demonstrated that transport of the LMs on a planar water surface can be achieved via Marangoni flow generated by the near-infrared light-induced temperature gradient. Numerical analyses indicated that the LMs containing liquids with lower specific heat and thermal conductivity and higher density showed longer path length per one light irradiation shot and longer decay time. This is because generated heat could efficiently transfer from the LMs to the water surface and larger inertial force could work on the LMs. The LMs could also move over the solid substrate thanks to their near-spherical shapes. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that the inner liquids of the LMs could be released on site by an external stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Uda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hisato Kawashima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mayama
- Department of Chemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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13
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Long Y, Li H, Yang X, Yuan Y, Zheng M. Controlling silver morphology on a cramped optical fiber facet via a PVP-assisted silver mirror reaction for SERS fiber probe fabrication. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00284h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the morphology of silver nanoparticles on a cramped and curved optical fiber facet is urgently needed to obtain SERS optical fiber probes with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yufei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Mengjie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- China
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14
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Asaumi Y, Rey M, Oyama K, Vogel N, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Effect of Stabilizing Particle Size on the Structure and Properties of Liquid Marbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13274-13284. [PMID: 33115238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A liquid marble (LM) describes a liquid droplet that is wrapped by nonwetting micro- or nanoparticles and therefore obtains characteristics of a solid powder particle. Here, we investigate the effect of the stabilizing particle size on the resulting structure and properties of the LM. We synthesize a series of polystyrene particles with ultrathin coatings of heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole with diameters ranging between 1 and 1000 μm by an aqueous chemical oxidative seeded polymerization of pyrrole. The methodology produced a set of hydrophobic particles with similar surface characteristics to allow the formation of LMs and to probe size effects in the LM formation and stabilization efficiency. We found that particles with a size above 20 μm adsorb as a particle monolayer to the surface of the LM, while smaller particles are adsorbed as ill-defined, multilayered aggregates. These results indicate that the balance between particle-particle interaction and gravity is an important parameter to control the surface structure of the LMs. The assembly behavior and size of the particles also correlated with the mechanical integrity of the LM against fall impact. The mechanical resistance was affected by the gap distance between the inner liquid of the LM and supporting substrate, the capillary forces acting between the particles at the LM surface, and the potential energy that depended on the particle size. Last, we demonstrate that the broadband light-absorbing properties of the polypyrrole shell also allow manipulating the evaporation rate of the inner liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Asaumi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Marcel Rey
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Keigo Oyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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15
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Hao L, Zhao L, Li G, Li Y, Ma L, Liu Y, Wang W, Kong J. Ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA 21-1 DNA via SI-RAFT based in-situ metallization signal amplification. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Asaumi Y, Rey M, Vogel N, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Particle Monolayer-Stabilized Light-Sensitive Liquid Marbles from Polypyrrole-Coated Microparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2695-2706. [PMID: 32078776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles are water droplets coated with solid particles that prevent coalescence and allow storage, transport, and handling of liquids in the form of a powder. Here, we report on the formation of liquid marbles that are stabilized entirely by a single monolayer of solid particles and thus minimize the amount of required solid material. As stabilizing particles, we synthesize relatively monodisperse, 80 μm-sized polystyrene (PS) particles coated with heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole (PPy-C8F) shell (PS/PPy-C8F particles) by aqueous chemical oxidative seeded polymerization of pyrrole using FeCl3 as an oxidant and heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid as a hydrophobic dopant. We characterize the physicochemical properties of the particles as a function of the PPy-C8F loading. Laser diffraction particle size analyses of dilute aqueous suspensions indicate that the polymer particles disperse stably in water medium before and after coating with the PPy-C8F shell. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies indicate the formation of a PPy-C8F shell around the PS seed particles, which was further supported by deflated morphologies observed by scanning electron microscopy after extraction of the PS component from the PS/PPy-C8F particles. We investigate the performance of the dried PS/PPy-C8F particles to stabilize liquid marbles. Stereo- and laser microscope observations, as well as gravimetric studies, confirm that the PS/PPy-C8F particles adsorb to the water droplet surface in the form of a particle monolayer with the characteristic hexagonal close-packed structure expected for spherical (colloidal) particles. Mechanical integrity of the liquid marble increases with an increase of PPy-C8F loading of the PS/PPy-C8F particles. The water contact angle of the PS/PPy-C8F particles at air-water interface increases from 82 ± 12° to 102 ± 17° with an increase of PPy-C8F loading. This increase in water contact angle directly correlates with the shape of the LM, with higher contact angles giving more spherical LMs. Furthermore, the broadband light absorption properties of the PPy coating was used to control evaporation rate of the enclosed water phase on demand by irradiation with a near-infrared laser. The evaporation rate could be finely controlled by the thickness of the PPy-C8F shell of the particles stabilizing the liquid marbles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Rey
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Šišáková M, Asaumi Y, Uda M, Seike M, Oyama K, Higashimoto S, Hirai T, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Dodecyl sulfate-doped polypyrrole derivative grains as a light-responsive liquid marble stabilizer. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Yang W, Zhang G, Ni J, Lin Z. Metal-enhanced fluorometric formaldehyde assay based on the use of in-situ grown silver nanoparticles on silica-encapsulated carbon dots. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:137. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Zhang Y, Fu X, Guo W, Deng Y, Binks BP, Shum HC. Electrocoalescence of liquid marbles driven by embedded electrodes for triggering bioreactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3526-3534. [PMID: 31544191 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles need to be controlled precisely to benefit applications, for instance, as microreactors on digital microfluidic platforms for chemical and biological assays. In this work, a strategy is introduced to coalesce liquid marbles via electrostatics, where two liquid marbles in contact can coalesce when a sufficiently high voltage is applied to embedded electrodes. With the understanding of the mechanism of coalescence through relating the electric stress and the restoring capillary pressure at the contact interface, this method coalesces liquid marbles efficiently. When compared with the existing electrocoalescence method, our approach does not require immersion of electrodes to trigger coalescence. We demonstrate this to exchange the medium for the culture of cell spheroids and to measure the cell metabolic activity through a CCK-8 assay. The manipulation of liquid marbles driven by electrostatics creates new opportunities to conduct chemical reactions and biomedical assays in these novel microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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20
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Xin Z, Skrydstrup T. Flüssigmurmeln: Eine vielversprechende und vielseitige Plattform für Miniaturisierte Chemische Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xin
- Institute for Advanced StudyNanchang University Xuefu Road 999 Nanchang City 330031 China
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Institute for Advanced StudyNanchang University Xuefu Road 999 Nanchang City 330031 China
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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21
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Xin Z, Skrydstrup T. Liquid Marbles: A Promising and Versatile Platform for Miniaturized Chemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11952-11954. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xin
- Institute for Advanced StudyNanchang University Xuefu Road 999 Nanchang City 330031 China
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Institute for Advanced StudyNanchang University Xuefu Road 999 Nanchang City 330031 China
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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22
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Wang B, Chan KF, Ji F, Wang Q, Chiu PWY, Guo Z, Zhang L. On-Demand Coalescence and Splitting of Liquid Marbles and Their Bioapplications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802033. [PMID: 31131188 PMCID: PMC6523389 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Coalescence and splitting of liquid marbles (LMs) are critical for the mixture of precise amount precursors and removal of the wastes in the microliter range. Here, the coalescence and splitting of LMs are realized by a simple gravity-driven impact method and the two processes are systematically investigated to obtain the optimal parameters. The formation, coalescence, and splitting of LMs can be realized on-demand with a designed channel box. By selecting the functional channels on the device, gravity-based fusion and splitting of LMs are performed to mix medium/drugs and remove spent culture medium in a precise manner, thus ensuring that the microenvironment of the cells is maintained under optimal conditions. The LM-based 3D stem cell spheroids are demonstrated to possess an approximately threefold of cell viability compared with the conventional spheroid obtained from nonadhesive plates. Delivery of the cell spheroid to a hydrophilic surface results in the in situ respreading of cells and gradual formation of typical 2D cell morphology, which offers the possibility for such spheroid-based stem cell delivery in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kai Fung Chan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Fengtong Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Philip Wai Yan Chiu
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- T Stone Robotics InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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23
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Kasahara M, Akimoto SI, Hariyama T, Takaku Y, Yusa SI, Okada S, Nakajima K, Hirai T, Mayama H, Okada S, Deguchi S, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Liquid Marbles in Nature: Craft of Aphids for Survival. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6169-6178. [PMID: 30991804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Some aphids that live in the leaf galls of the host plant are known to fabricate liquid marbles consisting of honeydew and wax particles as an inner liquid and a stabilizer, respectively. In this study, the liquid marbles fabricated by the galling aphids, Eriosoma moriokense, were extensively characterized with respect to size and size distribution, shape, nanomorphology, liquid/solid weight ratio, and chemical compositions. The stereo microscopy studies confirmed that the liquid marbles have a near-spherical morphology and that the number-average diameter was 368 ± 152 μm, which is 1 order of magnitude smaller than the capillary length of the honeydew. The field emission scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that micrometer-sized wax particles with fiber- and dumpling-like shapes coated the honeydew droplets, which rendered the liquid marbles hydrophobic and nonwetting. Furthermore, the highly magnified scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that the wax particles were formed with assemblage of submicrometer-sized daughter fibers. The contact angle measurements indicated that the wax was intrinsically hydrophobic and that the liquid marbles were stabilized by the wax particles in the Cassie-Baxter model. The weight ratio of the honeydew and the wax particles was determined to be 96/4, and the honeydew consisted of 19 wt % nonvolatile components and 81 wt % water. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy studies confirmed that the wax mainly consisted of triglycerides and that the honeydew mainly consisted of saccharides (glucose and fructose) and ribitol. The atomic force microscopy studies confirmed that honeydew is sticky in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Kasahara
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku , Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Akimoto
- Department of Ecology and Systematics , Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University , Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-8589 , Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Institute for NanoSuit Research , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku , Hamamatsu 431-3192 , Japan
| | - Yasuharu Takaku
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Institute for NanoSuit Research , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku , Hamamatsu 431-3192 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha , Himeji , Hyogo 671-2280 , Japan
| | - Shun Okada
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1, Omiya, Asahi-ku , Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mayama
- Department of Chemistry , Asahikawa Medical University , 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi , Asahikawa 078-8510 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience , Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , 2-15 Natsushima-cho , Yokosuka 237-0061 , Japan
| | - Shigeru Deguchi
- Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience , Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , 2-15 Natsushima-cho , Yokosuka 237-0061 , Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
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24
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Rong X, Ettelaie R, Lishchuk SV, Cheng H, Zhao N, Xiao F, Cheng F, Yang H. Liquid marble-derived solid-liquid hybrid superparticles for CO 2 capture. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1854. [PMID: 31015427 PMCID: PMC6478824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of effective CO2 capture materials is an ongoing challenge. Here we report a concept to overcome current limitations associated with both liquid and solid CO2 capture materials by exploiting a solid-liquid hybrid superparticle (SLHSP). The fabrication of SLHSP involves assembly of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on the liquid marble surface, and co-assembly of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles and tetraethylenepentamine within the interior of the liquid marble. The strong interfacial adsorption force and the strong interactions between amine and silica are identified to be key elements for high robustness. The developed SLHSPs exhibit excellent CO2 sorption capacity, high sorption rate, long-term stability and reduced amine loss in industrially preferred fixed bed setups. The outstanding performances are attributed to the unique structure which hierarchically organizes the liquid and solid at microscales. Carbon capture is increasingly important to address current environmental challenges but developing effective carbon capture materials is challenging. Here, the authors report liquid marble-derived superparticles which overcome current limitations associated with both liquid and solid carbon capture materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rammile Ettelaie
- Food Colloids Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sergey V Lishchuk
- Food Colloids Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Huaigang Cheng
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fukui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fangqin Cheng
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China.
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25
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Hydrophobic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) particles synthesized by aqueous oxidative coupling polymerization and their use as near-infrared-responsive liquid marble stabilizer. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Yang Y, Pu W, Xu X, Wei B, Wood CD. Scalable synthesis of core-shell microgel particles using a 'dry water' method. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2849-2852. [PMID: 30775730 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a facile and scalable 'dry water' method for producing micrometer-sized microgel particles by use of 'water-in-air' droplets as micro-reactors. Solid microgel particles could be easily produced by this method with no further purification. The microgel particles comprise of porous hydrophobic shells and hydrophilic cores and could absorb both oil and water. The swelling of the particles could be triggered by a surfactant under a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Oil & Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Inoue H, Hirai T, Hanochi H, Oyama K, Mayama H, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Grains Synthesized by Solvent-Free Oxidative Coupling Polymerization and Their Use as Light-Responsive Liquid Marble Stabilizer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Mayama
- Department of Chemistry, Asahikawa Medical University 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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28
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Lin X, Ma W, Chen L, Huang L, Wu H, Takahara A. Influence of water evaporation/absorption on the stability of glycerol–water marbles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34465-34471. [PMID: 35529992 PMCID: PMC9073916 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The porous shell structure of liquid marbles allows liquid vapor to enter in/out of the liquid marbles, leading to the deformation/collapse of liquid marbles, which limits their application as miniature reactors for long-term chemical reactions. In this study, to prevent volatilization and maintain long-term stability, stable liquid marbles were fabricated by encapsulating glycerol/water droplets using superhydrophobic cellulose nanocrystals. The influence of water evaporation and absorption on the stability of aqueous glycerol marbles at different relative humidities (RHs) was investigated. At the same RH, the evaporation/absorption rates of the liquid marbles decreased on increasing the glycerol concentration. For the liquid marbles with the same glycerol volume concentration, the evaporation rates decreased with the increase in RH. The liquid marbles exhibited higher evaporation/absorption resistance compared with pure naked liquid droplets. The influence of water evaporation and absorption on the stability of aqueous glycerol marbles was investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Lin
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Wei Ma
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER)
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
- ERATO Takahara Soft Interface Project
| | - Lihui Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Liulian Huang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hui Wu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER)
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
- ERATO Takahara Soft Interface Project
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29
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yang T, Wang J, Guo L, Liu P, Kong T. Larger Stabilizing Particles Make Stronger Liquid Marble. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804549. [PMID: 30548921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanical stability of granular-armored liquid marbles is prerequisite for their applications including encapsulation, sensors, microreactions, and miniaturized liquid storage. Most liquid marbles are armored with agglomerated granular structure which complicates the wetting and interacting states of particles, hence, impeding one from understanding the effect of granular size on the mechanical stability of marbles. In this work, using a custom-built platform to examine the liquid marbles armored by a single layer of uniform grains, it is revealed that larger microsized grains produce stronger liquid marble. This finding is attributed to the gravity-induced capillary attraction which dominates the interaction of particles and provides additional tension to the granular network of the marble surface, which enhances the mechanical stability of marbles. In addition, different granular network structures are formed at the marble surface by using a binary mixture of monodisperse grains, and their effect on the mechanical stability of marbles is explored. The understandings offer important insights for application involving liquid marbles and provides guideline to formulate robust marble-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Chengliu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Tiyun Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ling Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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Pacheco M, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Lab-on-a-micromotor: catalytic Janus particles as mobile microreactors for tailored synthesis of nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8056-8064. [PMID: 30568766 PMCID: PMC6253719 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03681k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic Janus micromotors encapsulating Cd2+ or citrate are used here as mobile microreactors for "on the fly" CdS quantum dot and gold nanoparticle synthesis. Micromotor navigation in microliter "reagent solutions" results in the generation of the corresponding nanoparticles inside the micromotor body with high yield and negligible waste generation. Nanoparticle generation can be attributed to convective diffusion of reagents into the moving reactor body. "On-demand" modulation of nanoparticle size and catalytic activities can be achieved by judicious control of the motion behavior of the microreactor. The use of confined reagents in connection with such enhanced movement allows for efficient operation in very low (less than 800 μL) volumes. The new microreactors developed here hold considerable promise for reactions in aqueous environments for novel synthetic schemes in different sites along with multiplexed capabilities for a myriad of catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pacheco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Alcala , E-28807 , Madrid , Spain . ;
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Alcala , E-28807 , Madrid , Spain . ;
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. Del Rio" , University of Alcala , E-28807 , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Alcala , E-28807 , Madrid , Spain . ;
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. Del Rio" , University of Alcala , E-28807 , Madrid , Spain
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31
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Abstract
Liquid marbles represented a significant advance in the manipulation of fluids as they used particle films to confine liquid drops, creating a robust and durable soft solid. We exploit this technology to engineering a bioactive hydrogel marble (BHM). Specifically, pristine bioactive glass nanoparticles were chemically tuned to produce biocompatible hydrophobic bioactive glass nanoparticles (H-BGNPs) that shielded a gelatin-based bead. The designed BHM shell promoted the growth of a bone-like apatite layer upon immersion in a physiological environment. The fabrication process allowed the efficient incorporation of drugs and cells into the engineered structure. The BHM provided a simultaneously controlled release of distinct encapsulated therapeutic model molecules. Moreover, the BHM sustained cell encapsulation in a 3D environment as demonstrated by an excellent in vitro stability and cytocompatibility. The engineered structures also showed potential to regulate a pre-osteoblastic cell line into osteogenic commitment. Overall, these hierarchical nanostructured and functional marbles revealed a high potential for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Kido K, Ireland PM, Sekido T, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Formation of Liquid Marbles Using pH-Responsive Particles: Rolling vs Electrostatic Methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4970-4979. [PMID: 29631397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of micrometer-sized, monodisperse polystyrene (PS) particles carrying pH-responsive poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEA) colloidal stabilizer on their surfaces were dried under ambient conditions at pH 3.0 and 10.0. The resulting dried cake-like particulate materials were ground into powders and used as a stabilizer to fabricate liquid marbles (LMs) by rolling and electrostatic methods. The powder obtained from pH 3.0 aqueous dispersion consisted of polydisperse irregular-shaped colloidal crystal grains of densely packed colloids which had hydrophilic character. On the other hand, the powder obtained from pH 10.0 aqueous dispersion consisted of amorphous and disordered colloidal aggregate grains with random sizes and shapes, which had hydrophobic character. Reflecting the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the dried PDEA-PS particle powders, stable LMs were fabricated with distilled water droplets by rolling on the powders prepared from pH 10.0, but the water droplets were adsorbed into the powders prepared from pH 3.0. In the electrostatic method, where an electric field assists transport of powders to a droplet surface, the PDEA-PS powders prepared from pH 3.0 jumped to an earthed pendant distilled water droplet to form a droplet of aqueous dispersion. Conversely the larger powder aggregates prepared from pH 10.0 did not jump due to cohesion between the hydrophobic PDEA chains on the PS particles, resulting in no LM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Peter M Ireland
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
| | - Takafumi Sekido
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
- Discipline of Chemistry , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
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35
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Luo X, Yin H, Li X, Su X, Feng Y. CO2-Triggered microreactions in liquid marbles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9119-9122. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CO2-Triggered microreactions in liquid marbles were developed by using CO2 to coalesce contacting patchy liquid marbles containing separate reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Luo
- Polymer Research Institute
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hongyao Yin
- Polymer Research Institute
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xian’e Li
- Polymer Research Institute
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xin Su
- Polymer Research Institute
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yujun Feng
- Polymer Research Institute
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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36
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Han X, Koh CSL, Lee HK, Chew WS, Ling XY. Microchemical Plant in a Liquid Droplet: Plasmonic Liquid Marble for Sequential Reactions and Attomole Detection of Toxin at Microliter Scale. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:39635-39640. [PMID: 29048876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturizing the continuous multistep operations of a factory into a microchemical plant offers a safe and cost-effective approach to promote high-throughput screening in drug development and enforcement of industrial/environmental safety. While particle-assembled microdroplets in the form of liquid marble are ideal as microchemical plant, these platforms are mainly restricted to single-step reactions and limited to ex situ reaction monitoring. Herein, we utilize plasmonic liquid marble (PLM), formed by encapsulating liquid droplet with Ag nanocubes, to address these issues and demonstrate it as an ideal microchemical plant to conduct reaction-and-detection sequences on-demand in a nondisruptive manner. Utilizing a two-step azo-dye formation as our model reaction, our microchemical plant allows rapid and efficient diazotization of nitroaniline to form diazonium nitrobenzene, followed by the azo coupling of this intermediate with target aromatic compound to yield azo-dye. These molecular events are tracked in situ via SERS measurement through the plasmonic shell and further verified with in silico investigation. Furthermore, we apply our microchemical plant for ultrasensitive SERS detection and quantification of bisphenol A (BPA) with detection limit down to 10 amol, which is 50 000-fold lower than the BPA safety limit. Together with the protections offered by plasmonic shell against external environments, these collective advantages empower PLM as a multifunctional microchemical plant to facilitate small-volume testing and optimization of processes relevant in industrial and research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Charlynn Sher Lin Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Wee Shern Chew
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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37
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Oliveira NM, Reis RL, Mano JF. The Potential of Liquid Marbles for Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28795516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LM) are freestanding droplets covered by micro/nanoparticles with hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties, which can be manipulated as a soft solid. The phenomenon that generates these soft structures is regarded as a different method to generate a superhydrophobic behavior in the liquid/solid interface without modifying the surface. Several applications for the LM have been reported in very different fields, however the developments for biomedical applications are very recent. At first, the LM properties are reviewed, namely shell structure, LM shape, evaporation, floatability and robustness. The different strategies for LM manipulation are also described, which make use of magnetic, electrostatic and gravitational forces, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, and approaches that induce LM self-propulsion. Then, very distinctive applications for LM in the biomedical field are presented, namely for diagnostic assays, cell culture, drug screening and cryopreservation of mammalian cells. Finally, a critical outlook about the unexplored potential of LM for biomedical applications is presented, suggesting possible advances on this emergent scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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38
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Rong X, Yang H, Zhao N. Rationally Turning the Interface Activity of Mesoporous Silicas for Preparing Pickering Foam and "Dry Water". LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9025-9033. [PMID: 28803476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop a novel protocol to prepare smart, gas/water interface-active, mesoporous silica particles. This protocol involves modification of highly mesoporous silicas with a mixture of hydrophobic octyl organosilane and hydrophilic triamine organosilane. Their structure and compositions are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 sorption, solid state NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis. It is demonstrated that our protocol enables the interface activity of mesoporous silica particles to be facilely tuned, so that the stable gas-water interfaces ranging from air bubbles dispersed in water (Pickering foam) and water droplets dispersed in air ("dry water") can be achieved, depending on the molar ratio of these two organosilanes. The "dry water" is not otherwise attainable for the analogous nonporous silica particles, indicting the uniqueness of the chosen mesoporous structures. Moreover, these particle-stabilized Pickering foams and "dry waters" can be disassembled in response to pH. Interestingly, it was found that aqueous potassium carbonate droplets stabilized by these interface-active mesoporous silica particles ("dry K2CO3-containing water") could automatically capture CO2 from a simulated flue gas with enhanced adsorption rate and adsorption capacity when compared to the aqueous potassium carbonate bulk solution. This study not only supplies a novel type of efficient, smart, gas/water interface-active mesoporous silica particles but also demonstrates an innovative application of mesoporous materials in gas adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University , Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University , Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taoyuan South Road 27, Taiyuan 030001, China
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39
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Zhang X, Jing L, Wei L, Zhang F, Yang H. Semipermeable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Microreactors for Highly Efficient and Size-Selective Asymmetric Catalysis. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lingyan Jing
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fengwei Zhang
- Institute
of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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40
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Al-Kaidy H, Kuthan K, Hering T, Tippkötter N. Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28872132 DOI: 10.3791/54643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For the successful implementation of microfluidic reaction systems, such as PCR and electrophoresis, the movement of small liquid volumes is essential. In conventional lab-on-a-chip-platforms, solvents and samples are passed through defined microfluidic channels with complex flow control installations. The droplet actuation platform presented here is a promising alternative. With it, it is possible to move a liquid drop (microreactor) on a planar surface of a reaction platform (lab-in-a-drop). The actuation of microreactors on the hydrophobic surface of the platform is based on the use of magnetic forces acting on the outer shell of the liquid drops which is made of a thin layer of superhydrophobic magnetite particles. The hydrophobic surface of the platform is needed to avoid any contact between the liquid core and the surface to allow a smooth movement of the microreactor. On the platform, one or more microreactors with volumes of 10 µL can be positioned and moved simultaneously. The platform itself consists of a 3 x 3 matrix of electrical double coils which accommodate either neodymium or iron cores. The magnetic field gradients are automatically controlled. By variation of the magnetic field gradients, the microreactors' magnetic hydrophobic shell can be manipulated automatically to move the microreactor or open the shell reversibly. Reactions of substrates and corresponding enzymes can be initiated by merging the microreactors or bringing them into contact with surface immobilized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Kuthan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern
| | - Thomas Hering
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern
| | - Nils Tippkötter
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern; Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, FH Aachen;
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41
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Li H, Liu P, Kaur G, Yao X, Yang M. Transparent and Gas-Permeable Liquid Marbles for Culturing and Drug Sensitivity Test of Tumor Spheroids. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28426154 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transparent nanoparticle-based liquid marbles with high gas-permeability are prepared to culture tumor spheroids in 3D without the need of supplementary growth factor. The culturing process of spheroids from a population of cancer cells or a single cell in the transparent liquid marbles can be optically recorded continuously. Compared to monolayer cells and spheroids generated in multiwell plate, tumor spheroids cultured in the liquid marbles show enhanced viability under the treatment of chemotherapeutic drugs and small interfering RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong 999077 Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology; Biotechnology and Health Centre; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; 518075 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong 999077 Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology; Biotechnology and Health Centre; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; 518075 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Guneet Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong 999077 Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong 999077 Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology; Biotechnology and Health Centre; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; 518075 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong 999077 Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology; Biotechnology and Health Centre; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; 518075 Shenzhen P. R. China
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42
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Kawashima H, Mayama H, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Hydrophobic polypyrroles synthesized by aqueous chemical oxidative polymerization and their use as light-responsive liquid marble stabilizers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic polypyrroles doped with perfluoroalkyl dopants can function as a liquid marble stabilizer with photothermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kawashima
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Institute of Technology
- Osaka 535-8585
- Japan
| | - H. Mayama
- Department of Chemistry
- Asahikawa Medical University
- Asahikawa 078-8510
- Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Osaka Institute of Technology
- Osaka 535-8585
- Japan
| | - S. Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Osaka Institute of Technology
- Osaka 535-8585
- Japan
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43
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Supakar T, Kumar A, Marston JO. Impact dynamics of particle-coated droplets. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:013106. [PMID: 28208334 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.013106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present findings from an experimental study of the impact of liquid marbles onto solid surfaces. Using dual-view high-speed imaging, we reveal details of the impact dynamics previously not reported. During the spreading stage it is observed that particles at the surface flow rapidly to the periphery of the drop, i.e., the lamella. We characterize the spreading with the maximum spread diameter, comparing to impacts of pure liquid droplets. The principal result is a power-law scaling for the normalized maximum spread in terms of the impact Weber number, D_{max}/D_{0}∼We^{α}, with α≈1/3. However, the best description of the spreading is obtained by considering a total energy balance, in a similar fashion to Pasandideh-Fard et al. [Phys. Fluids 8, 650 (1996)]PHFLE61070-663110.1063/1.868850. By using hydrophilic target surfaces, the marble integrity is lost even for moderate impact speeds as the particles at the surface separate and allow liquid-solid contact to occur. Remarkably, however, we observe no significant difference in the maximum spread between hydrophobic and hydrophilic targets, which is rationalized by the presence of the particles. Finally, for the finest particles used, we observe the formation of nonspherical arrested shapes after retraction and rebound from hydrophobic surfaces, which is quantified by a circularity measurement of the side profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Supakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - J O Marston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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44
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Wang D, Zhu L, Chen J, Dai L. Liquid Marbles Based on Magnetic Upconversion Nanoparticles as Magnetically and Optically Responsive Miniature Reactors for Photocatalysis and Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10795-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-bio Applications School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University 270 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou Zhejiang China
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Jian‐Feng Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Liming Dai
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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45
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Wang D, Zhu L, Chen J, Dai L. Liquid Marbles Based on Magnetic Upconversion Nanoparticles as Magnetically and Optically Responsive Miniature Reactors for Photocatalysis and Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-bio Applications School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University 270 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou Zhejiang China
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Jian‐Feng Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Liming Dai
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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Zhang G, Wang C. Pickering Emulsion-Based Marbles for Cellular Capsules. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E572. [PMID: 28773693 PMCID: PMC5456839 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradable cellular capsule, being prepared from simple vaporization of liquid marbles, is an ideal vehicle for the potential application of drug encapsulation and release. This paper reports the fabrication of cellular capsules via facile vaporization of Pickering emulsion marbles in an ambient atmosphere. Stable Pickering emulsion (water in oil) was prepared while utilizing dichloromethane (containing poly(l-lactic acid)) and partially hydrophobic silica particles as oil phase and stabilizing agents respectively. Then, the Pickering emulsion marbles were formed by dropping emulsion into a petri dish containing silica particles with a syringe followed by rolling. The cellular capsules were finally obtained after the complete vaporization of both oil and water phases. The technique of scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to research the microstructure and surface morphology of the prepared capsules and the results showed the cellular structure as expected. An in vitro drug release test was implemented which showed a sustained release property of the prepared cellular capsules. In addition, the use of biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) and the biocompatible silica particles also made the fabricated cellular capsules of great potential in the application of sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Zhang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Si Y, Guo Z. Novel pH-responsive Liquid Marble as Microfluidic Responder for Controlled Release. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shi C, Zhang L, Xie L, Lu X, Liu Q, Mantilla CA, van den Berg FGA, Zeng H. Interaction Mechanism of Oil-in-Water Emulsions with Asphaltenes Determined Using Droplet Probe AFM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2302-2310. [PMID: 26901396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions with interface-active components at the oil/water interface have long been of fundamental and practical interest in many fields. In this work, the interaction forces between two oil droplets in water in the absence/presence of asphaltenes were directly measured using droplet probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) and analyzed using a theoretical model based on Reynolds lubrication theory and the augmented Young-Laplace equation by including the effects of disjoining pressure. It was revealed that the interaction forces measured between two pristine oil droplets (i.e., toluene) could be well described by the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, while an additional steric interaction should be included in the presence of asphaltenes in the oil. The surface interaction and the stability of oil droplets in aqueous solution were demonstrated to be significantly influenced by the asphaltenes concentration in oil, salt concentration, pH, and presence of divalent ions (Ca(2+)) in water. Adsorbed asphaltenes at the oil/water interface led to more negative surface potential of the oil/water interface and also induced steric repulsion between oil droplets, inhibiting the drop coalescence and stabilizing the oil-in-water emulsion. Lower pH of aqueous solution could lead to less negative surface potential and weaken the repulsion between oil droplets. Addition of divalent ions (Ca(2+)) was found to disrupt the protecting effects of adsorbed asphaltenes at oil/water interface and induce coalescence of oil droplets. Our results provide a useful methodology for quantifying the interaction forces and investigating the properties of asphaltenes at the oil/water interfaces and provide insights into the stabilization mechanism of oil-in-water emulsions due to asphaltenes in oil production and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Cesar A Mantilla
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | - Frans G A van den Berg
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Grasweg 31, Amsterdam NL 1031 HW, Netherlands
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2 V4, Canada
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Sun G, Sheng Y, Ngai T. Insertion and confinement of air bubbles inside a liquid marble. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:542-545. [PMID: 26489449 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles at the air/liquid interface can serve as solid separating barriers to form stable foams or liquid marbles depending on the wettability of the nanoparticles. This paper presents an effect that enables the insertion and confinement of air bubbles inside a liquid marble, based on encapsulating an air bubble surrounded by surfactant molecules or hydrophilic particles. We have demonstrated that more than one bubble can be inserted and trapped inside one liquid marble so that liquid marbles can be divided into several separate compartments. The findings presented here may stimulate fundamental studies of this novel bubble-marble phenomenon, as well as developments of various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqing Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong China
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