1
|
Liang S, Jensen MP. [Fe(NCMe) 6](BF 4) 2 is a bifunctional catalyst for styrene aziridination by nitrene transfer and heterocycle expansion by subsequent dipolar insertion. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112551. [PMID: 38678911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The solvated iron(II) salt [Fe(NCMe)6](BF4)2 (Me = methyl) is shown to be a bifunctional catalyst with respect to aziridination of styrene. The salt serves as an active catalyst for nitrene transfer from PhINTs to styrene to form 2-phenyl-N-tosylaziridine (Ph = phenyl; Ts = tosyl, -S{O}2-p-C6H4Me). The iron(II) salt also acts as a Lewis acid in non-coordinating CH2Cl2 solution, to catalyze heterolytic CN bond cleavage of the aziridine and insertion of dipolarophiles. The 1,3-zwitterionic intermediate is presumably supported by interaction of the metal dication with the anion, and by resonance stabilization of the carbocation. Nucleophilic dipolarophiles then insert to give a five-membered heterocyclic ring. The result is a two-step cycloaddition, formally [2 + 1 + 2], that is typically regiospecific, but not stereospecific. This reaction mechanism was confirmed by conducting a series of one-step, [3 + 2] additions of unsaturated molecules into pre-formed 2-phenyl-N-tosylaziridine, also catalyzed by [Fe(NCMe)6](BF4)2. Relevant substrates include styrenes, carbonyl compounds and alkynes. These yield five-membered heterocylic rings, including pyrrolidines, oxazolidines and dihydropyrroles, respectively. The reaction scope appears limited only by the barrier to formation of the dipolar intermediate, and by the nucleophilicity of the captured dipolarophile. The bifunctionality of an inexpensive, earth-abundant and non-toxic catalyst suggests a general strategy for one-pot construction of heterocyclic rings, as demonstrated specifically for pyrrolidine ring formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Michael P Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gwinn R, Williams M, Latendresse TP, Slebodnick C, Troya D, Tarannum T, Thornton DA. Synthesis, Characterization, and the Effect of Lewis Bases on the Nuclearity of Iron Alkoxide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7692-7704. [PMID: 38608180 PMCID: PMC11061831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the potential of alkoxides as weak-field ligands and their ability to bridge, we report herein a series of high-spin iron complexes supported by a bis-alkoxide framework PhDbf. A diiron complex [Fe2(PhDbf)2] (1a) is obtained upon metalation of the ligand, whereas addition of substituted pyridines affords five-coordinate mononuclear iron complexes [(R-Py)2Fe(PhDbf)] (2a-4a, R = H, p-tBu, p-CF3). The potential for nuclearity control of the metal complexes via auxiliary ligands is highlighted by the formation of asymmetric diiron species [(p-CF3-Py)Fe2(PhDbf)2] (5a) and [(m-CF3-Py)Fe2(PhDbf)2] (6a) with trifluoromethyl substituted pyridines, while electron-rich pyridines only produced monomeric species. Electronic properties analysis via UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory, along with redox capabilities of these complexes are reported to illustrate the effect of nuclearity on reactivity and the potential of these complexes to access higher oxidation states relevant in oxidative chemistry. Species 1a-5a, [(THF)2Fe(PhDbf)][PF6] (7), [PyFe(PhDbf)Cl] (2b), and [Py2Fe(PhDbf)][PF6] (2c) were characterized via SCXRD. Indirect evidence for the formation of dimeric Fe(III) species (1b, 5b, and 6b) is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reilly
K. Gwinn
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Matthew Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Trevor P. Latendresse
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tasnema Tarannum
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diana A. Thornton
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang S, Zhou Y, Yu W. Iron-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Annulation Reactions between α-Azido Acetamides and Cyclic Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:613-618. [PMID: 38215045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We report an FeCl2-catalyzed annulation reaction between α-azido acetamides and cyclic ketones. Two types of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam products can be obtained, depending on the reaction conditions. When α-azido acetamides were reacted with cyclohexanone, 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-indol-2(4H)-ones were obtained when a primary amine was present in the reaction system; conducting the reaction in the presence of 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, on the contrary, resulted in the formation of 5,6-dihydro-1H-indol-2(4H)-ones. Cycloheptanone and cyclooctanone reacted in the same way as cyclohexanone. The reactions proceed via the intermediacy of 2-iminoacetamides, which are formed by FeCl2-facilitated dinitrogenation of α-azido acetamides. These reactions constitute a new strategy for expanding the synthetic dimensions of organic azides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stroek W, Keilwerth M, Malaspina LA, Grabowsky S, Meyer K, Albrecht M. Deciphering Iron-Catalyzed C-H Amination with Organic Azides: N 2 Cleavage from a Stable Organoazide Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303410. [PMID: 37916523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic C-N bond formation by direct activation of C-H bonds offers wide synthetic potential. En route to C-H amination, complexes with organic azides are critical precursors towards the reactive nitrene intermediate. Despite their relevance, α-N coordinated organoazide complexes are scarce in general, and elusive with iron, although iron complexes are by far the most active catalysts for C-H amination with organoazides. Herein, we report the synthesis of a stable iron α-N coordinated organoazide complex from [Fe(N(SiMe3 )2 )2 ] and AdN3 (Ad=1-adamantyl) and its crystallographic, IR, NMR and zero-field 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization. These analyses revealed that the organoazide is in fast equilibrium between the free and coordinated state (Keq =62). Photo-crystallography experiments showed gradual dissociation of N2 , which imparted an Fe-N bond shortening and correspond to structural snapshots of the formation of an iron imido/nitrene complex. Reactivity of the organoazide complex in solution showed complete loss of N2 , and subsequent formation of a C-H aminated product via nitrene insertion into a C-H bond of the N(SiMe3 )2 ligand. Monitoring this reaction by 1 H NMR spectroscopy indicates the transient formation of the imido/nitrene intermediate, which was supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy in frozen solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Keilwerth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lorraine A Malaspina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin ZY, Gao S, Zou Y, Liu Z, Wang JB, Houk KN, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic Construction of Chiral Pyrrolidines and Indolines via Intramolecular C(sp 3)-H Amination. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2333-2338. [PMID: 38161360 PMCID: PMC10755850 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nature harnesses exquisite enzymatic cascades to construct N-heterocycles and further uses these building blocks to assemble the molecules of life. Here we report an enzymatic platform to construct important chiral N-heterocyclic products, pyrrolidines and indolines, via abiological intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination of organic azides. Directed evolution of cytochrome P411 (a P450 enzyme with serine as the heme-ligating residue) yielded variant P411-PYS-5149, capable of catalyzing the insertion of alkyl nitrene into C(sp3)-H bonds to build pyrrolidine derivatives with good enantioselectivity and catalytic efficiency. Further evolution of activity on aryl azide substrates yielded variant P411-INS-5151 that catalyzes intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination to afford chiral indolines. In addition, we show that these enzymatic aminations can be coupled with a P411-based carbene transferase or a tryptophan synthase to generate an α-amino lactone or a noncanonical amino acid, respectively, underscoring the power of new-to-nature biocatalysis in complexity-building chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Qin
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yike Zou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhen Liu
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - James B. Wang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zars E, Pick L, Swain A, Bhunia M, Carroll PJ, Munz D, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Iron-Catalyzed Intermolecular C-H Amination Assisted by an Isolated Iron-Imido Radical Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311749. [PMID: 37815099 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the use of a base metal complex [(tBu pyrpyrr2 )Fe(OEt2 )] (1-OEt2 ) (tBu pyrpyrr2 2- =3,5-tBu2 -bis(pyrrolyl)pyridine) as a catalyst for intermolecular amination of Csp3 -H bonds of 9,10-dihydroanthracene (2 a) using 2,4,6-trimethyl phenyl azide (3 a) as the nitrene source. The reaction is complete within one hour at 80 °C using as low as 2 mol % 1-OEt2 with control in selectivity for single C-H amination versus double C-H amination. Catalytic C-H amination reactions can be extended to other substrates such as cyclohexadiene and xanthene derivatives and can tolerate a variety of aryl azides having methyl groups in both ortho positions. Under stoichiometric conditions the imido radical species [(tBu pyrpyrr2 )Fe{=N(2,6-Me2 -4-tBu-C6 H2 )] (1-imido) can be isolated in 56 % yield, and spectroscopic, magnetometric, and computational studies confirmed it to be an S = 1 FeIV complex. Complex 1-imido reacts with 2 a to produce the ferrous aniline adduct [(tBu pyrpyrr2 )Fe{NH(2,6-Me2 -4-tBu-C6 H2 )(C14 H11 )}] (1-aniline) in 45 % yield. Lastly, it was found that complexes 1-imido and 1-aniline are both competent intermediates in catalytic intermolecular C-H amination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Zars
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Lisa Pick
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abinash Swain
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mrinal Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stroek W, Albrecht M. Discovery of a simple iron catalyst reveals the intimate steps of C-H amination to form C-N bonds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2849-2859. [PMID: 36937598 PMCID: PMC10016609 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of ubiquitous C-N bonds traditionally uses prefunctionalized carbon precursors. Recently, metal-catalyzed amination of unfunctionalized C-H bonds with azides has become an attractive and atom-economic strategy for C-N bond formation, though all catalysts contain sophisticated ligands. Here, we report Fe(HMDS)2 (HMDS = N(SiMe3)2 -) as an easy-to-prepare catalyst for intramolecular C-H amination. The catalyst shows unprecedented turnover frequencies (110 h-1 vs. 70 h-1 reported to date) and requires no additives. Amination is successful for benzylic and aliphatic C-H bonds (>80% yield) and occurs even at room temperature. The simplicity of the catalyst enabled for the first time comprehensive mechanistic investigations. Kinetic, stoichiometric, and computational studies unveiled the intimate steps of the C-H amination process, including the resting state of the catalyst and turnover-limiting N2 loss of the coordinated azide. The high reactivity of the iron imido intermediate is rationalized by its complex spin system revealing imidyl and nitrene character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stroek W, Hoareau L, Albrecht M. From the bottle: simple iron salts for the efficient synthesis of pyrrolidines via catalytic C-H bond amination. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:958-962. [PMID: 36825222 PMCID: PMC9939938 DOI: 10.1039/d2cy02065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available iron salts FeX2 are remarkably active catalysts for pyrrolidine formation from organic azides via direct C-H bond amination. With FeI2, amination is fast and selective, (<30 min for 80% yield at 2 mol% loading), TONs up to 370 are reached with just 0.1 mol% catalyst, different functional groups are tolerated, and a variety of C-H bonds were activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Lilian Hoareau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Avan İ, Kani İ, Çalıkuşu L. Bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) Complexes: Synthesis and catalytic activity towards alcohol oxidation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
10
|
Liu Y, Shing KP, Lo VKY, Che CM. Iron- and Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation Reactions. Reactive Metal Imido/Nitrene Intermediates. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka-Pan Shing
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vanessa Kar-Yan Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503−1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong
Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan J, Wang Y, Hu X, Liu Y, Che CM. Iron porphyrin-catalysed C(sp 3)–H amination with alkyl azides for the synthesis of complex nitrogen-containing compounds. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
With the readily prepared iron porphyrin complex as a catalyst and starting with alkyl azides, a panel of nitrogen-containing skeletons representing the families of natural alkaloids and bioactive compounds could be prepared in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xuefu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang X, Tak RK, Noda H, Shibasaki M. A Missing Link in Multisubstituted Pyrrolidines: Remote Stereocontrol Forged by Rhodium‐Alkyl Nitrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tang
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Raj K. Tak
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pan Y, Luo ZL, Yang J, Han J, Yang J, yao Z, Xu L, Wang P, Shi Q. Cobalt‐Catalyzed Selective Transformation of Levulinic Acid and Amines into Pyrrolidines and Pyrrolidinones under H2. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - zhen yao
- Renmin University of China CHINA
| | - Lijin Xu
- Renmin University of China CHINA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mai BK, Neris NM, Yang Y, Liu P. C-N Bond Forming Radical Rebound Is the Enantioselectivity-Determining Step in P411-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3)-H Amination: A Combined Computational and Experimental Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11215-11225. [PMID: 35583461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineered metalloenzymes represent promising catalysts for stereoselective C-H functionalization reactions. Recently, P450 enzymes have been evolved to allow for new-to-nature intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination reactions via a nitrene transfer mechanism, giving rise to diamine derivatives with excellent enantiocontrol. To shed light on the origin of enantioselectivity, a combined computational and experimental study was carried out. Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations were performed to investigate the activation energies and enantioselectivities of both the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and the subsequent C-N bond forming radical rebound steps. Contrary to previously hypothesized enantioinduction mechanisms, our calculations show that the radical rebound step is enantioselectivity-determining, whereas the preceding HAT step is only moderately stereoselective. Furthermore, the selectivity in the initial HAT is ablated by rapid conformational change of the radical intermediate prior to C-N bond formation. This finding is corroborated by our experimental study using a set of enantiomerically pure, monodeuterated substrates. Furthermore, classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the conformational flexibility of the carbon-centered radical intermediate. This key radical species undergoes a facile conformational change in the enzyme active site from the pro-(R) to the pro-(S) configuration, whereas the radical rebound is slower due to the spin-state change and ring strain of the cyclization process, thereby allowing stereoablative C-N bond formation. Together, these studies revealed an underappreciated enantioinduction mechanism in biocatalytic C(sp3)-H functionalizations involving radical intermediates, opening up new avenues for the development of other challenging asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Natalia M Neris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deng R, Wu S, Mou C, Liu J, Zheng P, Zhang X, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Sulfonylation of Enone Aryl Aldehydes: A New Mode of Breslow Intermediate Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5441-5449. [PMID: 35274946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed sulfonylation reaction between enone aryl aldehydes and sulfonyl chlorides is disclosed. The reaction effectively installs sulfone moieties in a highly enantioselective manner to afford sulfone-containing bicyclic lactones. The sulfonyl chloride behaves both as an oxidant and a nucleophilic substrate (via its reduced form) in this N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed process. The NHC catalyst provides both activation and stereoselectivity control on a very remote site of enone aryl aldehyde substrates. Water plays an important role in modulating catalyst deactivation and reactivation routes that involve reactions between NHC and sulfonyl chloride. Experimental studies and DFT calculations suggest that an unprecedented intermediate and a new oxidation mode of the NHC-derived Breslow intermediate are involved in the new asymmetric sulfonylation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High-Performance Computing, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang PC, Yu KP, Hsieh CT, Zou J, Fang CT, Liu HK, Pao CW, Deng L, Cheng MJ, Lin CY. Stabilization of a high-spin three-coordinate Fe(III) imidyl complex by radical delocalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9637-9643. [PMID: 36091897 PMCID: PMC9400638 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02699f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-spin, late transition metal imido complexes have attracted significant interest due to their group transfer reactivity and catalytic C−H activation of organic substrates. Reaction of a new two-coordinate iron complex,...
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Po Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Junjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Chia-Te Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kuan Liu
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reinholdt A, Kwon S, Jafari MG, Gau MR, Caroll PJ, Lawrence C, Gu J, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. An Isolable Azide Adduct of Titanium(II) Follows Bifurcated Deazotation Pathways to an Imide. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:527-537. [PMID: 34963052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AdN3 (Ad = 1-adamantyl) reacts with the tetrahedral TiII complex [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] (TptBu,Me = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) to generate a mixture of an imide complex, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(NAd)] (4), and an unusual and kinetically stable azide adduct of the group 4 metal, namely, [(TptBu,Me)TiCl(γ-N3Ad)] (3). In these conversions, the product distribution is determined by the relative concentration of reactants. In contrast, the azide adduct 3 forms selectively when a masked TiII complex (N2 or AdNC adduct) reacts with AdN3. Upon heating, 3 extrudes dinitrogen in a unimolecular process proceeding through a titanatriazete intermediate to form the imide complex 4, but the observed thermal stability of the azide adduct (t1/2 = 61 days at 25 °C) is at odds with the large fraction of imide complex formed directly in reactions between AdN3 and [(TptBu,Me)TiCl] at room temperature (∼50% imide with a 1:1 stoichiometry). A combination of theoretical and experimental studies identified an additional deazotation pathway, proceeding through a bimetallic complex bridged by a single azide ligand. The electronic origin of this deazotation mechanism lies in the ability of azide adduct 3 to serve as a π-backbonding metallaligand toward free [(TptBu,Me)TiCl]. These findings unveil a new class of azide-to-imide conversions for transition metals, highlighting that the mechanisms underlying this common synthetic methodology may be more complex than conventionally assumed, given the concentration dependence in the conversion of an azide into an imide complex. Lastly, we show how significantly different AdN3 reacts when treated with [(TptBu,Me)VCl].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Caroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chad Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stroek W, Keilwerth M, Pividori DM, Meyer K, Albrecht M. An Iron-Mesoionic Carbene Complex for Catalytic Intramolecular C-H Amination Utilizing Organic Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20157-20165. [PMID: 34841864 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-heterocycles is of paramount importance for the pharmaceutical industry. They are often synthesized through atom economic and environmentally unfriendly methods, generating significant waste. A less explored, but greener, alternative is the synthesis through the direct intramolecular C-H amination utilizing organic azides. Few examples exist by using this method, but many are limited due to the required use of stoichiometric amounts of Boc2O. Herein, we report a homoleptic C,O-chelating mesoionic carbene-iron complex, which is the first iron-based complex that does not require the addition of any protecting groups for this transformation and that is active also in strong donor solvents such as THF or even DMSO. The achieved turnover number is an order of magnitude higher than any other reported catalytic system. A variety of C-H bonds were activated, including benzylic, primary, secondary, and tertiary. By following the reaction over time, we determined the presence of an initiation period. Kinetic studies showed a first-order dependence on substrate concentration and half-order dependence on catalyst concentration. Intermolecular competition reactions with deuterated substrate showed no KIE, while separate reactions with deuterium-labeled substrate resulted in a KIE of 2.0. Moreover, utilizing deuterated substrate significantly decreased the initiation period of the catalysis. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a unique mechanism involving a dimeric iron species as the catalyst resting state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Keilwerth
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel M Pividori
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei K, Liang S, Yang T, Yu W. Iron-Catalyzed 1,4-Phenyl Migration/Ring Expansion of α-Azido N-Phenyl Amides. Org Lett 2021; 23:8650-8654. [PMID: 34677981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel iron-catalyzed skeleton rearrangement of alkyl azides. Upon treatment with FeCl2 and N-heterocyclic carbene SIPr·HCl in the presence of H2O and Et3N, 2-azido-N,N-diphenylamides underwent 1,4-phenyl migration and ring expansion to give azepin-2-ones in good yield. The reaction proceeds via intramolecular nitrene cycloaddition followed by C-N cleavage, water addition, and electrocyclic ring opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tonghao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tak RK, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Ligand-Enabled, Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination for the Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:8617-8621. [PMID: 34689558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric nitrene transfer has emerged as a reliable method for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing chiral compounds. Herein, we report the copper-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric electrophilic amination of aromatic rings. The reactive intermediate is a copper-alkyl nitrene generated from isoxazolidin-5-ones. Copper catalysis promotes three classes of asymmetric transformations, namely, asymmetric desymmetrization, parallel kinetic resolution, and kinetic resolution, expanding the repertoire of alkyl nitrene transfer and providing various cyclic and linear β-amino acids in their enantioenriched forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Tak
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
You T, Zeng SH, Fan J, Wu L, Kang F, Liu Y, Che CM. A soluble iron(II)-phthalocyanine-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp 3)-H amination with alkyl azides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10711-10714. [PMID: 34553711 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a soluble iron(II)-phthalocyanine, [FeII(tBu4Pc)(py)2] (Pc = phthalocyaninato(2-)), as an effective catalyst in intramolecular C(sp3)-H bond amination, with alkyl azides as the nitrogen source, to afford the amination products in moderate to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Si-Hao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lazib Y, Retailleau P, Saget T, Darses B, Dauban P. Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Pyrrolidines by C(sp 3 )-H Amination of Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21708-21712. [PMID: 34329511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure pyrrolidines is reported via a streamlined strategy relying on two sequential C-H functionalizations of simple hydrocarbons. The first step is a regio- and stereoselective catalytic nitrene C-H insertion. Then, a subsequent diastereoselective cyclization involving a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from a N-centered radical leads to the formation of pyrrolidines that can then be converted to their free NH-derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Lazib
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tanguy Saget
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR-5250, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lazib Y, Retailleau P, Saget T, Darses B, Dauban P. Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Pyrrolidines by C(sp
3
)−H Amination of Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Lazib
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Tanguy Saget
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Université Grenoble Alpes Département de Chimie Moléculaire CNRS UMR-5250 38058 Grenoble France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
van Leest N, de Zwart FJ, Zhou M, de Bruin B. Controlling Radical-Type Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Catalysis with Redox-Active Ligands and Substrates. JACS AU 2021; 1:1101-1115. [PMID: 34467352 PMCID: PMC8385710 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in (spectroscopic) characterization of the unusual electronic structures of open-shell cobalt complexes bearing redox-active ligands, combined with detailed mapping of their reactivity, have uncovered several new catalytic radical-type protocols that make efficient use of the synergistic properties of redox-active ligands, redox-active substrates, and the metal to which they coordinate. In this perspective, we discuss the tools available to study, induce, and control catalytic radical-type reactions with redox-active ligands and/or substrates, contemplating recent developments in the field, including some noteworthy tools, methods, and reactions developed in our own group. The main topics covered are (i) tools to characterize redox-active ligands; (ii) novel synthetic applications of catalytic reactions that make use of redox-active carbene and nitrene substrates at open-shell cobalt-porphyrins; (iii) development of catalytic reactions that take advantage of purely ligand- and substrate-based redox processes, coupled to cobalt-centered spin-changing events in a synergistic manner; and (iv) utilization of redox-active ligands to influence the spin state of the metal. Redox-active ligands have emerged as useful tools to generate and control reactive metal-coordinated radicals, which give access to new synthetic methodologies and intricate (electronic) structures, some of which are yet to be exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas
P. van Leest
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ghosh SK, Hu M, Comito R. One-Pot Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Amines via Mild and Selective sp3 C-H Imination. Chemistry 2021; 27:17601-17608. [PMID: 34387903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct replacement of sp3 C-H bonds with simple amine units (-NH2) remains synthetically challenging, although primary aliphatic amines are ubiquitous in medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. We report a mild and selective protocol for preparing primary and secondary aliphatic amines in a single pot, based on intermolecular sp3 C-H imination. The first C-H imination of diverse alkanes, this method shows useful site-selectivity within substrates bearing multiple sp3 C-H bonds. Furthermore, this reaction tolerates polar functional groups relevant for complex molecule synthesis, highlighted in the synthesis of amine pharmaceuticals and amination of natural products. We characterize a unique C-H imination mechanism based on radical rebound to an iminyl radical, supported by kinetic isotope effects, stereoablation, resubmission, and computational modeling. This work constitutes a selective method for complex amine synthesis and a new mechanistic platform for C-H amination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Ghosh
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| | - Mengnan Hu
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houstonn, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert Comito
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Y, Zhang C, Li S, Liu L. Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives and Related Five‐Membered Azacycles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Wang
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering Jilin Engineering Normal University Kaixuan Road, No. 3050 Changchun 130052 China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering Jilin Engineering Normal University Kaixuan Road, No. 3050 Changchun 130052 China
| | - Shizhe Li
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering Jilin Engineering Normal University Kaixuan Road, No. 3050 Changchun 130052 China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering Jilin Engineering Normal University Kaixuan Road, No. 3050 Changchun 130052 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang J, Yu X, Wang Y, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Interweaving Visible‐Light and Iron Catalysis for Nitrene Formation and Transformation with Dioxazolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tang JJ, Yu X, Wang Y, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Interweaving Visible-Light and Iron Catalysis for Nitrene Formation and Transformation with Dioxazolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16426-16435. [PMID: 33843125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, visible-light-driven iron-catalyzed nitrene transfer reactions with dioxazolones for intermolecular C(sp3 )-N, N=S, and N=P bond formation are described. These reactions occur with exogenous-ligand-free process and feature satisfactory to excellent yields (up to 99 %), an ample substrate scope (109 examples) under mild reaction conditions. In contrast to intramolecular C-H amidations strategies, an intermolecular regioselective C-H amidation via visible-light-induced nitrene transfer reactions is devised. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway. Computational studies show that the decarboxylation of dioxazolone depends on the conversion of ground sextet state dioxazolone-bounding iron species to quartet spin state via visible-light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China.,WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Landge VG, Grant AJ, Fu Y, Rabon AM, Payton JL, Young MC. Palladium-Catalyzed γ,γ'-Diarylation of Free Alkenyl Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10352-10360. [PMID: 34161068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The direct difunctionalization of alkenes is an effective way to construct multiple C-C bonds in one-pot using a single functional group. The regioselective dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes is therefore an important area of research to rapidly obtain complex organic molecules. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed γ,γ'-diarylation of free alkenyl amines through interrupted chain walking for the synthesis of Z-selective alkenyl amines. Notably, while 1,3-dicarbofunctionalization of allyl groups is well precedented, the present disclosure allows 1,3-dicarbofunctionalization of highly substituted allylamines to give highly Z-selective trisubsubstituted olefin products. This cascade reaction operates via an unprotected amine-directed Mizoroki-Heck (MH) pathway featuring a β-hydride elimination to selectively chain walk to furnish a new terminal olefin which then generates the cis-selective alkenyl amines around the sterically crowded allyl moiety. This operationally simple protocol is applicable to a variety of cyclic, branched, and linear secondary and tertiary alkenylamines, and has a broad substrate scope with regard to the arene coupling partner as well. Mechanistic studies have been performed to help elucidate the mechanism, including the presence of a likely unproductive side C-H activation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod G Landge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - Aaron J Grant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - Allison M Rabon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - John L Payton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, 106 College Park Dr., Gambier, Ohio 43022, United States of America
| | - Michael C Young
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liang Q, DeMuth JC, Radović A, Wolford NJ, Neidig ML, Song D. [2Fe-2S] Cluster Supported by Redox-Active o-Phenylenediamide Ligands and Its Application toward Dinitrogen Reduction. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13811-13820. [PMID: 34043353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As prevalent cofactors in living organisms, iron-sulfur clusters participate in not only the electron-transfer processes but also the biosynthesis of other cofactors. Many synthetic iron-sulfur clusters have been used in model studies, aiming to mimic their biological functions and to gain mechanistic insight into the related biological systems. The smallest [2Fe-2S] clusters are typically used for one-electron processes because of their limited capacity. Our group is interested in functionalizing small iron-sulfur clusters with redox-active ligands to enhance their electron storage capacity, because such functionalized clusters can potentially mediate multielectron chemical transformations. Herein we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic activity of a diferric [2Fe-2S] cluster functionalized with two o-phenylenediamide ligands. The electrochemical and chemical reductions of such a cluster revealed rich redox chemistry. The functionalized diferric cluster can store up to four electrons reversibly, where the first two reduction events are ligand-based and the remainder metal-based. The diferric [2Fe-2S] cluster displays catalytic activity toward silylation of dinitrogen, affording up to 88 equiv of the amine product per iron center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Joshua C DeMuth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Aleksa Radović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Nikki J Wolford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dong Y, Wrobel AT, Porter GJ, Kim JJ, Essman JZ, Zheng SL, Betley TA. O-Heterocycle Synthesis via Intramolecular C-H Alkoxylation Catalyzed by Iron Acetylacetonate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7480-7489. [PMID: 33949855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular alkoxylation of C-H bonds can rapidly introduce structural and functional group complexities into seemingly simple or inert precursors. The transformation is particularly important due to the ubiquitous presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) motifs as fundamental building blocks in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. Despite the various synthetic methodologies known for generating functionalized THFs, most show limited functional group tolerance and lack demonstration for the preparation of spiro or fused bi- and tricyclic ether units prevalent in molecules for pharmacological purposes. Herein we report an intramolecular C-H alkoxylation to furnish oxacycles from easily prepared α-diazo-β-ketoesters using commercially available iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)2) as a catalyst. The reaction is proposed to proceed through the formation of a vinylic carboradical arising from N2 extrusion, which mediates a proximal H-atom abstraction followed by a rapid C-O bond forming radical recombination step. The radical mechanism is probed using an isotopic labeling study (vinyl C-D incorporation), ring opening of a radical clock substrate, and Hammett analysis and is further corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Heightened reactivity is observed for electron-rich C-H bonds (tertiary, ethereal), while greater catalyst loadings or elevated reaction temperatures are required to fully convert substrates with benzylic, secondary, and primary C-H bonds. The transformation is highly functional group tolerant and operates under mild reaction conditions to provide rapid access to complex structures such as spiro and fused bi-/tricyclic O-heterocycles from readily available precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alexandra T Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gerard J Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jessica J Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jake Z Essman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
van Rees K, Love JB. Synthesis and complexes of a constrained-cavity Schiff-base dipyrrin macrocycle. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1610-1613. [PMID: 33508062 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new constrained-cavity [1 + 1] Schiff-base dipyrrin macrocycle comprising an N4 donor-pocket has been synthesised by spontaneous oxidation and in situ crystallisation. Access to Fe(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes is achieved by salt elimination reactions of the lithium salt. All compounds have been characterised by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlotta van Rees
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Jason B Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Adak L, Ghosh T. Recent Progress in Iron-Catalyzed Reactions Towards the Synthesis of Bioactive Five- and Six-Membered Heterocycles. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200714102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are the largely diverse organic molecules and find
prevalent applications in the fine chemical industry, medicinal chemistry and agricultural
science. They are also among the most commonly bearing frameworks in numerous drugs
and pharmaceutical substances. Therefore, the development of convenient, efficient and
environmentally benign methods to produce various types of heterocyclic compounds is
an attractive area of research. For the synthesis and functionalization of heterocycles,
enormous achievements have been attributed over the past decades. Recently, ironcatalyzed
reactions have accomplished a noteworthy development in the synthesis of
heterocycles. This review highlights some remarkable achievements in the iron-catalyzed
synthesis of heterocyclic compounds published in the last five years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laksmikanta Adak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Tubai Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Noda H, Asada Y, Shibasaki M. O-Benzoylhydroxylamines as Alkyl Nitrene Precursors: Synthesis of Saturated N-Heterocycles from Primary Amines. Org Lett 2020; 22:8769-8773. [PMID: 32914633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce O-benzoylhydroxylamines as competent alkyl nitrene precursors. The combination of readily available, stable substrates and a proficient rhodium catalyst provides a straightforward means for the construction of various pyrrolidine rings from the corresponding primary amines. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggests that the structure of the nitrene precursor plays a role in determining the nature of the resulting reactive intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuko Asada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Y, Zhong D, Usman M, Xue P, Liu W. Iron‐Catalyzed
Primary C—H Amination of Sulfamate Esters and Its Application in Synthesis of Azetidines
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Dayou Zhong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Peng Xue
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Wen‐Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cheng Q, Chen J, Lin S, Ritter T. Allylic Amination of Alkenes with Iminothianthrenes to Afford Alkyl Allylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17287-17293. [PMID: 33001638 PMCID: PMC7584367 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Allylic C-H amination is currently accomplished with (sulfon)amides or carbamates. Here we show the first allylic amination that can directly afford alkyl allylamines, enabled by the reactivity of thianthrene-based nitrogen sources that can be prepared from primary amines in a single step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Junting Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Songyun Lin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Locher J, Watt FA, Neuba AG, Schoch R, Munz D, Hohloch S. Molybdenum(VI) bis-imido Complexes of Dipyrromethene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9847-9856. [PMID: 32639151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of high-valent molybdenum(VI) bis-imido complexes 1-4 with dipyrromethene (DPM) supporting ligands of the general formula (DPMR)Mo(NR')2Cl (R, R' = mesityl (Mes) or tert-butyl (tBu)). The electrochemical and chemical properties of 1-4 reveal unexpected ligand noninnocence and reactivity. 15N NMR spectroscopy is used to assess the electronic properties of the imido ligands in the tert-butyl complexes 1 and 3. Complex 1 is inert toward ligand (halide) exchange with bulky phenolates such as KOMes or amides (e.g., KN(SiMe3)2), whereas the use of the lithium alkyl LiCH2SiMe3 results in a rare nucleophilic β-alkylation of the DPM ligand. While the reductions of the complexes occur at molybdenum, the oxidation is centered at the DPM ligand. Quantum-chemical calculations (complete active space self-consistent field, density functional theory) suggest facile (near-infrared) interligand charge transfer to the imido ligand, which might preclude the isolation of the oxidized complex [1]+ in the experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Locher
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Fabian A Watt
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Adam G Neuba
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baek Y, Das A, Zheng SL, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Betley TA. C-H Amination Mediated by Cobalt Organoazide Adducts and the Corresponding Cobalt Nitrenoid Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11232-11243. [PMID: 32456423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of (ArL)CoBr (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin) with a stoichiometric amount of 1-azido-4-(tert-butyl)benzene N3(C6H4-p-tBu) furnished the corresponding four-coordinate organoazide-bound complex (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)). Spectroscopic and structural characterization of the complex indicated redox innocent ligation of the organoazide. Slow expulsion of dinitrogen (N2) was observed at room temperature to afford a ligand functionalized product via a [3 + 2] annulation, which can be mediated by a high-valent nitrene intermediate such as a CoIII iminyl (ArL)CoBr(•N(C6H4-p-tBu)) or CoIV imido (ArL)CoBr(N(C6H4-p-tBu)) complex. The presence of the proposed intermediate and its viability as a nitrene group transfer reagent are supported by intermolecular C-H amination and aziridination reactivities. Unlike (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)), a series of alkyl azide-bound CoII analogues expel N2 only above 60 °C, affording paramagnetic intermediates that convert to the corresponding Co-imine complexes via α-H-atom abstraction. The corresponding N2-released structures were observed via single-crystal-to-crystal transformation, suggesting formation of a Co-nitrenoid intermediate in solid-state. Alternatively, the alkyl azide-bound congeners supported by a more sterically accessible dipyrrinato scaffold tBuL (tBuL = 5-mesityl-(1,9-di-tert-butyl)dipyrrin) facilitate intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition as well as C-H amination to furnish 1,2,3-dihydrotriazole and substituted pyrrolidine products, respectively. For the C-H amination, we observe that the temperature required for azide activation varies depending on the presence of weak C-H bonds, suggesting that the alkyl azide adducts serve as viable species for C-H amination when the C-H bonds are (1) proximal to the azide moiety and (2) sufficiently weak to be activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Joseph H Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dong Y, Clarke RM, Porter GJ, Betley TA. Efficient C–H Amination Catalysis Using Nickel-Dipyrrin Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10996-11005. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ryan M. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gerard J. Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reckziegel A, Pietzonka C, Kraus F, Werncke CG. C-H Bond Activation by an Imido Cobalt(III) and the Resulting Amido Cobalt(II) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8527-8531. [PMID: 32119164 PMCID: PMC7318117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 3d-metal mediated nitrene transfer is under intense scrutiny due to its potential as an atom economic and ecologically benign way for the directed amination of (un)functionalised C-H bonds. Here we present the isolation and characterisation of a rare, trigonal imido cobalt(III) complex, which bears a rather long cobalt-imido bond. It can cleanly cleave strong C-H bonds with a bond dissociation energy of up to 92 kcal mol-1 in an intermolecular fashion, unprecedented for imido cobalt complexes. This resulted in the amido cobalt(II) complex [Co(hmds)2 (NHt Bu)]- . Kinetic studies on this reaction revealed an H atom transfer mechanism. Remarkably, the cobalt(II) amide itself is capable of mediating H atom abstraction or stepwise proton/electron transfer depending on the substrate. A cobalt-mediated catalytic application for substrate dehydrogenation using an organo azide is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reckziegel
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Clemens Pietzonka
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Sometimes named half-porphyrins, bis-pyrrolic dipyrrin ligands endow their metal complexes with unique properties such as the potential to functionalize the heterocyclic backbone or the meso position and the ability to catalyze interesting chemical transformations. Thus, strategies towards the derivatization of or at the meso group and the use of dipyrrin metal complexes for the formation of a broad range of polypyrrolic derivatives such as 2,2'-bis-dipyrrins, nor-/hetero-corroles and porphynoids have been elaborated. Furthermore, the chelating ability of dipyrrins and the possibility of modifying their steric and electronic characteristics by functionalization can be exploited for the development of numerous complexes featuring appealing properties. Hence, C-H activation/amination, polymerization or oxidation reactions can be catalyzed by dipyrrin metal complexes and classical reagents such as Grignard species, Rh-based or Suzuki-Miyaura catalysts have been revisited by incorporation of dipyrrins in the coordination sphere of the metal cations. This contribution aims to review and illustrate all these aspects, highlighting the potential of these complexes for the design and synthesis of valuable organic compounds and metallo-organic architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane A Baudron
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Du YD, Zhou CY, To WP, Wang HX, Che CM. Iron porphyrin catalysed light driven C-H bond amination and alkene aziridination with organic azides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4680-4686. [PMID: 34122922 PMCID: PMC8159214 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible light driven nitrene transfer and insertion reactions of organic azides are an attractive strategy for the design of C-N bond formation reactions under mild reaction conditions, the challenge being lack of selectivity as a free nitrene reactive intermediate is usually involved. Herein is described an iron(iii) porphyrin catalysed sp3 C-H amination and alkene aziridination with selectivity by using organic azides as the nitrogen source under blue LED light (469 nm) irradiation. The photochemical reactions display chemo- and regio-selectivity and are effective for the late-stage functionalization of natural and bioactive compounds with complexity. Mechanistic studies revealed that iron porphyrin plays a dual role as a photosensitizer and as a catalyst giving rise to a reactive iron-nitrene intermediate for subsequent C-N bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong China .,Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 354 Feng Lin Road Shanghai China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong China .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation Shenzhen China.,Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 354 Feng Lin Road Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wen X, Li X, Luo X, Wang W, Song S, Jiao N. Intramolecular Csp 3-H/C-C bond amination of alkyl azides for the selective synthesis of cyclic imines and tertiary amines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4482-4487. [PMID: 34122906 PMCID: PMC8159442 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramolecular Csp3–H and/or C–C bond amination is very important in modern organic synthesis due to its efficiency in the construction of diversified N-heterocycles. Herein, we report a novel intramolecular cyclization of alkyl azides for the synthesis of cyclic imines and tertiary amines through selective Csp3–H and/or C–C bond cleavage. Two C–N single bonds or a C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
N double bond are efficiently constructed in these transformations. The carbocation mechanism differs from the reported metal nitrene intermediates and therefore enables metal-free and new transformation. A novel intramolecular cyclization of alkyl azides for the synthesis of cyclic imines and tertiary amines has been developed. The aliphatic C–H or C–C bond was selectively cleaved with the efficient formation of two C–N single bonds or a CN double bond.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China .,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sajjad F, Krishna Reddy AG, Che J, Hu W, Xing D. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Fully Substituted Pyrrolidines from Anilines and Diazo Pyruvates. Org Lett 2020; 22:3094-3098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Sajjad
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | | | - Jiuwei Che
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Reckziegel A, Pietzonka C, Kraus F, Werncke CG. C‐H‐Bindungsaktivierung durch einen Imidocobalt(III)‐ und den resultierenden Amidocobalt(II)‐Komplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reckziegel
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Clemens Pietzonka
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liang S, Zhao X, Yang T, Yu W. Iron–Phosphine Complex-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Amination of Azides. Org Lett 2020; 22:1961-1965. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tonghao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Curtis CJ, Tomat E. Heteroleptic palladium(II) complexes of dipyrrin-1,9-dione supported by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The dipyrrin-1,9-dione framework, which is characteristic of the propentdyopent pigments deriving from heme metabolism, coordinates metal ions as monoanionic bidentate donors. The resulting analogs of dipyrrinato complexes undergo reversible ligand-based reductions, thus showcasing the ability of the dipyrrindione scaffold to act as an electron reservoir. Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of three heteroleptic palladium complexes of the redox-active dipyrrindione ligand. Primary amines were chosen as additional ligands so as to assemble complexes of planar geometries with complementary interligand hydrogen-bonding. Full chemical characterization confirms the hydrogen bonding interactions between the primary amine ligands and the acceptor carbonyl groups on the dipyrrolic ligand. The resulting heteroleptic compounds display reversible one-electron reduction events that are centered on the dipyrrindione ligand as revealed by voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry data. Within these planar Pd(II) complexes, the propentdyopent motif therefore combines reversible ligand-based redox chemistry with interligand hydrogen bonding in the primary coordination sphere of the metal center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J. Curtis
- The University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA
| | - Elisa Tomat
- The University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liang Q, Lin JH, DeMuth JC, Neidig ML, Song D. Syntheses and characterizations of iron complexes of bulky o-phenylenediamide ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12287-12297. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the reactivity of the iron complexes of a bulky phenylenediamide ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Jack H. Lin
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | | | | | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|