1
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Application of Exciton Coupling for Characterization of Nanographene Edge. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300740. [PMID: 38226791 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The structural characterization of nonstoichiometric nanographene (NG)-organic hybrid materials is usually difficult. The number of substituents on the edge and their arrangements are frequently questioned but are difficult to answer. Since the number of functional groups is closely related to the distance between the nearest neighbors (dISD ), the extraction of dISD from spectroscopic data could provide important information on their structural characterization. We show that exciton coupling, which is a theoretical prediction of the absolute structures of discrete molecules, is a possible candidate to address this issue. The comparison of the calculated CD spectra of the chiral chromophores extracted from the model NG edge with the observed edge spectra indicated a dISD of ca. 8 Å; this corresponded to substitution on every other armchair edge. Furthermore, an up-up-down-down alternate orientation was found to be a possible edge structure. Although the procedure was limited to NGs carrying chiral substituents, our method could facilitate the detailed structural characterization of NG-organic hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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2
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Medina-Lopez D, Liu T, Osella S, Levy-Falk H, Rolland N, Elias C, Huber G, Ticku P, Rondin L, Jousselme B, Beljonne D, Lauret JS, Campidelli S. Interplay of structure and photophysics of individualized rod-shaped graphene quantum dots with up to 132 sp² carbon atoms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4728. [PMID: 37550308 PMCID: PMC10406913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanographene materials are promising building blocks for the growing field of low-dimensional materials for optics, electronics and biophotonics applications. In particular, bottom-up synthesized 0D graphene quantum dots show great potential as single quantum emitters. To fully exploit their exciting properties, the graphene quantum dots must be of high purity; the key parameter for efficient purification being the solubility of the starting materials. Here, we report the synthesis of a family of highly soluble and easily processable rod-shaped graphene quantum dots with fluorescence quantum yields up to 94%. This is uncommon for a red emission. The high solubility is directly related to the design of the structure, allowing for an accurate description of the photophysical properties of the graphene quantum dots both in solution and at the single molecule level. These photophysical properties were fully predicted by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medina-Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hugo Levy-Falk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Rolland
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Christine Elias
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Gaspard Huber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LSDRM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pranav Ticku
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Loïc Rondin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Stephane Campidelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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3
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A superhelicene-like structure bearing an eight-membered ring at the joint. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Zhang Y, Pun SH, Miao Q. The Scholl Reaction as a Powerful Tool for Synthesis of Curved Polycyclic Aromatics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14554-14593. [PMID: 35960873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable success in the synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics through Scholl reactions which enable oxidative aryl-aryl coupling even in company with the introduction of significant steric strain. These curved polycyclic aromatics are not only unique objects of structural organic chemistry in relation to the nature of aromaticity but also play an important role in bottom-up approaches to precise synthesis of nanocarbons of unique topology. Moreover, they have received considerable attention in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and organic functional materials because of their interesting properties and promising applications. Despite the great success of Scholl reactions in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics, the outcome of a newly designed substrate in the Scholl reaction still cannot be predicted in a generic and precise manner largely due to limited understanding on the reaction mechanism and possible rearrangement processes. This review provides an overview of Scholl reactions with a focus on their applications in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics with interesting structures and properties and aims to shed light on the key factors that affect Scholl reactions in synthesizing sterically strained polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR-Absorbing Porphyrin-Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200781. [PMID: 35130373 PMCID: PMC9303407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral substitution of a π‐extended porphyrin with bulky groups produces a curved chromophore with four helical stereogenic units. The curvature and stereochemistry of such porphyrins can be controlled by varying the substituents, coordinated metal ions, and apical ligands. In particular, when the achiral saddle‐shaped free bases are treated with large metal ions, i.e., CdII or HgII, the resulting complexes convert to chiral propeller‐like configurations. X‐ray diffraction analyses show that apical coordination of a water molecule is sufficient to induce a notable bowl‐like distortion of the cadmium complex, which however retains its chiral structure. For phenyl‐ and tolyl‐substituted derivatives, the conversion is thermodynamically controlled, whereas complexes bearing bulky 4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl groups transform into their chiral forms upon heating. In the latter case, the chiral Hg porphyrin was converted into the corresponding free base and other metal complexes without any loss of configurational purity, ultimately providing access to stable, enantiopure porphyrin propellers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.,(PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR‐Absorbing Porphyrin‐Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- (PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii ul. Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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7
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Varghese EV, Gao CF, Chang YL, Chen HY, Chen CH. Synthesis of Distorted Nitrogen-Doped Nanographenes by Partially Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation Reaction. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200114. [PMID: 35137559 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of partially fused N-doped nanographenes are synthesized via the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of oligoaryl-substituted dibenzo[ e,l ]pyrene ( 1 ), including compounds ( 2 - 4 ) with five, six, and seven new C-C bonds are formed, respectively, implying stepwise C-C bond fusion and extended π-conjugation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compound 4a revealed that the presence of sterically demanding groups hindered the formation of planar and fully fused nanographene in the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reaction step. Optical study of compounds 2 to 4 showed that extended π-conjugation leads to a regular stepwise bathochromic shift in the absorption and emission spectra. Furthermore, the HOMO-LUMO gaps of these compounds exhibit a decrease as C-C bond formation proceeds. Thus, the optoelectronic properties of nanographenes are highly dependent on the formation of new C-C bonds in the molecular skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldhose V Varghese
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chen-Feng Gao
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, 807, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN
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8
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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9
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Chen Y, Lin C, Luo Z, Yin Z, Shi H, Zhu Y, Wang J. Double π-Extended Undecabenzo[7]helicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7796-7801. [PMID: 33410247 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first double π-extended undecabenzo[7]helicene 1, which is a large chiral nanographene, composed of 65 fused rings and 186 conjugated carbon atoms. The molecular identity of 1 has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A wine coloured solution of 1 in dichloromethane absorbs light from ultraviolet to the near infrared, featuring an extremely large molar absorption coefficient of 844 000 M-1 cm-1 at 573 nm. Optically pure 1 shows a record high electronic circular dichroism intensity in the visible spectral range (|Δϵ|=1375 M-1 cm-1 at 430 nm) known for any discrete polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. These unusual photophysical properties of 1 contrast sharply with those of a mono-undecabenzo[7]helicene derivative 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chaojun Lin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhixing Luo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhibo Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Haonan Shi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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10
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Chen Y, Lin C, Luo Z, Yin Z, Shi H, Zhu Y, Wang J. Double π‐Extended Undecabenzo[7]helicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chaojun Lin
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhixing Luo
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhibo Yin
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Haonan Shi
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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11
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Ma S, Zhu Y, Dou W, Chen Y, He X, Wang J. Stimulus-responsive water soluble synthetic nanographene. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have recently emerged as new carbon materials. Their nanoscale size results in a size-dependent quantum confinement effect, opening the band gap by a few eV. This energy gap allows NGs to be applied as optical materials. This property has attracted researchers across multiple scientific fields. The photophysical properties of NGs can be manipulated by introducing organic groups onto their basal planes and/or into their edges. In addition, the integration of organic functional groups into NGs results in NG-based hybrid materials. These features make the post-synthetic modification of NGs an active research area. As obtainable information on chemically functionalized NGs is limited owing to their nonstoichiometry and structural uncertainty, their structural characterization requires a combination of multiple spectroscopic methods. Therefore, information on the characterization procedures of recently published chemically functionalized NGs is of value for advancing the field of NG-based hybrid materials. The present review focuses on the structural characterization of chemically functionalized NGs. It is hoped that this review will help to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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13
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Karunakaran J, Qiu H, Balaraman E. Synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks using cyclopentadienones via the Diels–Alder strategy. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we briefly summarize the versatility of Diels–Alder reactions of cyclopentadienones and concise routes to diverse hetero-atom bearing PAHs using cyclones as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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14
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Hu FL, Qin Z, Wang MF, Kang XW, Qin YL, Wang Y, Chen SL, Young DJ, Mi Y. Modulating the regioselectivity of solid-state photodimerization in coordination polymer crystals. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10858-10865. [PMID: 32716469 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coordination polymers [Cd(1,4-bpeb)(L1)] (1), [Zn2(1,4-bpeb)2(L2)2(SO42-)2] (2) and [Cd(1,4-bpeb)(L3)] (H2O) (3) (H2L1, 3-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenoxymethyl)-benzyloxy]-benzoic acid; HL2, 1H-Indazole-3-carboxylic acid; H3L3, benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 1,4-bpeb, 1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)vinyl]benzene have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Complexes 1-3 underwent photodimerization in the solid-state to give quantitative yields of single isomeric products. The choice of carboxyl ligands L and metal center determined the arrangement of 1,4-bpeb ligands, which in turn directed the regiochemistry of the final photoproducts. The solid-state network structures of cadmium based 1 and 3 had 1,4-bpeb pairs aligned face-to-face with both C[double bond, length as m-dash]C centres in each ligand at an appropriate distance and alignment for photodimerization to give the corresponding para-[2.2]cyclophane (pCP) exclusively. By contrast, compound 2 possessed dinuclear (ZnSO4)2 metallocycles that positioned the 1,4-bpeb "arms" face-to-face, but with C[double bond, length as m-dash]C centres offset at an appropriate distance for only one pair to undergo [2 + 2] cycloaddition to yield a single stereoisomer of the monocyclobutane photo-product bpbpvpcb. This work highlights crystal engineering design principles that can be used to facilitate regio- and stereospecificity in solid-state transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Long Hu
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China. and Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Meng-Fan Wang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Xue Wan Kang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Yong-Li Qin
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Yan Mi
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530006, P.R. China.
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15
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Sun Z, Yi C, Liang Q, Bingi C, Zhu W, Qiang P, Wu D, Zhang F. π-Extended C2-Symmetric Double NBN-Heterohelicenes with Exceptional Luminescent Properties. Org Lett 2019; 22:209-213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuobang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Liang
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Chiranjeevi Bingi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Qiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang F, Michail E, Saal F, Krause A, Ravat P. Stereospecific Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Propeller-Shaped C 90 H 48 PAH. Chemistry 2019; 25:16241-16245. [PMID: 31742798 PMCID: PMC6972628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized an enantiomerically pure propeller-shaped PAH, C90 H48 , possessing three [7]helicene and three [5]helicene subunits. This compound can be obtained in gram quantities in a straightforward manner. The photophysical and chiroptical properties were investigated using UV/Vis absorption and emission, optical rotation and circular dichroism spectroscopy, supported by DFT calculations. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated by two-photon absorption measurements using linearly and circularly polarized light. The extremely twisted structure and packing of the homochiral compound were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Fridolin Saal
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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17
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Wang L, Han Y, Zhang J, Li X, Liu X, Xiao J. Stable Double and Quadruple [5]Helicene Derivatives: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Physical Properties. Org Lett 2019; 22:261-264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Guo X, Yuan Z, Zhu Y, Li Z, Huang R, Xia Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Wang J. A Nitrogen‐Doped Hexapole [7]Helicene versus Its All‐Carbon Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ziyong Yuan
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhihao Li
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ruikang Huang
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zeming Xia
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Weixiong Zhang
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yang Li
- Instrumental Analysis and Research CenterSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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19
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Guo X, Yuan Z, Zhu Y, Li Z, Huang R, Xia Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Wang J. A Nitrogen‐Doped Hexapole [7]Helicene versus Its All‐Carbon Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16966-16972. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ziyong Yuan
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhihao Li
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ruikang Huang
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zeming Xia
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Weixiong Zhang
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yang Li
- Instrumental Analysis and Research CenterSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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20
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Prakash SP, Daisymol KB, Gopidas KR. Gram‐Scale Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Macrographene. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadasivan P. Prakash
- Photosciences and PhotonicsChemical Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Kurisingal B. Daisymol
- Photosciences and PhotonicsChemical Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Karical R. Gopidas
- Photosciences and PhotonicsChemical Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
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21
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Navakouski M, Zhylitskaya H, Chmielewski PJ, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Electrophilic Aromatic Coupling of Hexapyrrolylbenzenes. A Mechanistic Analysis. J Org Chem 2019; 85:187-194. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Navakouski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła-Karwowska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Abstract
![]()
Nanographenes, which are defined as nanoscale (1–100 nm)
graphene cutouts, include quasi-one-dimensional graphene nanoribbons
(GNRs) and quasi-zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) larger than 1 nm can be viewed as GQDs
with atomically precise molecular structures and can thus be termed
nanographene molecules. As a result of quantum confinement, nanographenes
are promising for next-generation semiconductor applications with
finite band gaps, a significant advantage compared with gapless two-dimensional
graphene. Similar to the atomic doping strategy in inorganic semiconductors,
incorporation of heteroatoms into nanographenes is a viable way to
tune their optical, electronic, catalytic, and magnetic properties.
Such properties are highly dependent not only on the molecular size
and edge structure but also on the heteroatom type, doping position,
and concentration. Therefore, reliable synthetic methods are required
to precisely control these structural features. In this regard, bottom-up
organic synthesis provides an indispensable way to achieve structurally
well-defined heteroatom-doped nanographenes. Polycyclic heteroaromatic
compounds have attracted great attention
of organic chemists for decades. Research in this direction has been
further promoted by modern interest in supramolecular chemistry and
organic electronics. The rise of graphene in the 21st century has
endowed large polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds with a new role
as model systems for heteroatom-doped graphene. Heteroatom-doped nanographene
molecules are in their own right promising materials for photonic,
optoelectronic, and spintronic applications because of the extended
π conjugation. Despite the significant advances in polycyclic
heteroaromatic compounds, heteroatom-doped nanographene molecules
with sizes of over 1 nm and their relevant GNRs are still scarce. In this Account, we describe the synthesis and properties of large
heteroatom-doped nanographenes, mainly summarizing relevant advances
in our group in the past decade. We first present several examples
of heteroatom doping based on the prototypical nanographene molecule,
i.e., hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), including
nitrogen-doped HBC analogues by formal replacement of benzene with
other heterocycles (e.g., aromatic pyrimidine and pyrrole and antiaromatic
pyrazine) and sulfur-doped nanographene molecules via thiophene annulation.
We then introduce heteroatom-doped zigzag edges and a variety of zigzag-edged
nanographene molecules incorporating nitrogen, boron, and oxygen atoms.
We finally summarize heteroatom-doped GNRs based on the success in
the molecular cases. We hope that this Account will further stimulate
the synthesis and applications of heteroatom-doped nanographenes with
a combined effort from different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Silber‐ und Bronzemedaillen des CNRS in Chemie 2019. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Navakouski M, Zhylitskaya H, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Chiral Heteroaromatic Propellers with Small Optical Bandgaps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4929-4933. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Navakouski
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- PORT Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii ul. Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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26
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Zhu Y, Guo X, Li Y, Wang J. Fusing of Seven HBCs toward a Green Nanographene Propeller. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5511-5517. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Navakouski M, Zhylitskaya H, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Chiral Heteroaromatic Propellers with Small Optical Bandgaps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Navakouski
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- PORT Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii ul. Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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28
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Kosaka T, Iwai S, Fukuhara G, Imai Y, Mori T. Hydrostatic Pressure on Toroidal Interaction and Propeller Chirality of Hexaarylbenzenes: Explicit Solvent Effects on Differential Volumes in Methylcyclohexane and Hexane. Chemistry 2019; 25:2011-2018. [PMID: 30474891 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A unique and effective interaction between the peripheral aromatic blades makes hexaarylbenzenes (HABs) attractive in fundamental research as well as for various applications such as molecular wires, sensors, and supramolecular assemblies. The chiroptical responses of HABs are susceptible to environmental factors such as solvent and temperature owing to the dynamic conformational transitions between the conformers. In this study, pressure dependence on the propeller chiral HABs in two different solvents was studied in detail. The effective differential volumes for two different equilibria were determined by quantitative analyses of CD spectra, affording very large differential volumes from the propeller to toroidal conformer (ΔVT-C ) of +43 and +42 cm3 mol-1 , for H2 and H6, respectively, in methylcyclohexane. The value of H6 was further enhanced to +72 cm3 mol-1 in hexane, the largest value for the typical unimolecular conformational change. Such a response of propeller chirality in HABs is expedient in designing more advanced piezo-sensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Kosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satono Iwai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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29
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Bheemireddy SR, Hussain WA, Uddin A, Du Y, Hautzinger MP, Kevorkian PV, Petrie FA, Plunkett KN. Cyclopentannulation and cyclodehydrogenation of isomerically pure 5,11-dibromo-anthradithiophenes leading to contorted aromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14140-14143. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isomerically pure 5,11-dibromo-ADT was used to create contorted aromatics with large splay angles, low band gaps, and low LUMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem A. Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University
- Carbondale
- USA
| | - Ain Uddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University
- Carbondale
- USA
| | - Yachu Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University
- Carbondale
- USA
| | | | - Paul V. Kevorkian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University
- Carbondale
- USA
| | - Frankie A. Petrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University
- Carbondale
- USA
| | - Kyle N. Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University
- Carbondale
- USA
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