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Hu J, Xin K, Lin X, Xing X, Wang X. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected Dinuclear Transition Metal Boride Carbonyl Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2049-2057. [PMID: 38471016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The transition-metal-boron bonding interactions and geometric structures of heterodinuclear transition metal carbonyl cluster cations BM(CO)n+ (M = Co, Ni, and Cu) are studied by a combination of the infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level. The BCu(CO)5+ and BCo(CO)6+ cations are characterized as an (CO)2B-M(CO)3/4+ structure involving an σ-type (OC)2B → M(CO)3,4+ dative bonding with end-on carbonyls, while for BNi(CO)5,6+ complexes with a bridged carbonyl, a 3c-2e bond involving the 5σ electrons of the bridged carbonyl and an electron-sharing bond between the B(CO)2 fragment and the Ni(CO)2,3+ subunits were revealed. Moreover, the fundamental driving force of the exclusive existence of a bridged carbonyl group in the boron-nickel complexes has been demonstrated to stem from the desire of the B and Ni centers for the favorable 8- and 18-electron structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ke Xin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Chen Q, Chen WJ, Wu XY, Chen TT, Yuan RN, Lu HG, Yuan DF, Li SD, Wang LS. Investigation of Pb-B Bonding in PbB 2(BO) n- ( n = 0-2): Transformation from Aromatic PbB 2- to Pb[B 2(BO) 2] -/0 Complexes with BB Triple Bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5356-5367. [PMID: 38269413 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02800c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Boron has been found to be able to form multiple bonds with lead. To probe Pb-B bonding, here we report an investigation of three Pb-doped boron clusters, PbB2-, PbB3O-, and PbB4O2-, which are produced by a laser ablation cluster source and characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The most stable structures of PbB2-, PbB3O-, and PbB4O2- are found to follow the formula, [PbB2(BO)n]- (n = 0-2), with zero, one, and two boronyl ligands coordinated to a triangular and aromatic PbB2 core, respectively. The PbB2- cluster contains a BB double bond and two Pb-B single bonds. The coordination of BO is observed to weaken Pb-B bonding but strengthen the BB bond in [PbB2(BO)n]- (n = 1, 2). The anionic [PbB2(BO)2]- and its corresponding neutral closed-shell [PbB2(BO)2] contain a BB triple bond. A low-lying Y-shaped isomer is also observed for PbB4O2-, consisting of a central sp2 hybridized B atom bonded to two boronyl ligands and a PbB unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
| | - Xin-Yao Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui-Nan Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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Gao HW, Hui J, Wang LS. Observation of an electron-precise metal boryne complex: [BiBH] . Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12431-12434. [PMID: 37768059 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-boron triple bonds are rare due to the electron deficiency of boron. This study uncovers a simple electron-precise metal boryne complex, [BiBH]-, which is produced within an ion trap through chemical reactions of the open-shell BiB- anion with H2. Photoelectron imaging is used to investigate the electronic structure and chemical bonding of the BiBH- complex. The B atom in the linear closed-shell BiBH- is found to undergo sp hybridization, forming a B-H single bond and a BiB triple bond. Photoelectron imaging reveals three detachment transitions from the BiBH- (1Σ+) anion to the neutral BiBH, including the ground state (2Π3/2) and two excited states (2Σ+ and 2Π1/2). Strong vibronic coupling is observed between the 2Π3/2 and 2Σ+ states, evidenced by the appearance of bending vibrations and their unique photoelectron angular distributions. The BiBH- complex not only stands as the simplest metal boryne complex, but also serves as an ideal molecular system to investigate both spin-orbit and vibronic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jie Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Chen WJ, Chen TT, Chen Q, Lu HG, Zhao XY, Ma YY, Yan QQ, Yuan RN, Li SD, Wang LS. Boron-lead multiple bonds in the PbB 2O - and PbB 3O 2- clusters. Commun Chem 2022; 5:25. [PMID: 36697605 PMCID: PMC9814552 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its electron deficiency, boron can form multiple bonds with a variety of elements. However, multiple bonds between boron and main-group metal elements are relatively rare. Here we report the observation of boron-lead multiple bonds in PbB2O- and PbB3O2-, which are produced and characterized in a cluster beam. PbB2O- is found to have an open-shell linear structure, in which the bond order of B☱Pb is 2.5, while the closed-shell [Pb≡B-B≡O]2- contains a B≡Pb triple bond. PbB3O2- is shown to have a Y-shaped structure with a terminal B = Pb double bond coordinated by two boronyl ligands. Comparison between [Pb≡B-B≡O]2-/[Pb=B(B≡O)2]- and the isoelectronic [Pb≡B-C≡O]-/[Pb=B(C≡O)2]+ carbonyl counterparts further reveals transition-metal-like behaviors for the central B atoms. Additional theoretical studies show that Ge and Sn can form similar boron species as Pb, suggesting the possibilities to synthesize new compounds containing multiple boron bonds with heavy group-14 elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Chen
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhao
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Yan
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui-Nan Yuan
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Chen TT, Cheung LF, Wang LS. Probing the Nature of the Transition-Metal-Boron Bonds and Novel Aromaticity in Small Metal-Doped Boron Clusters Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:233-253. [PMID: 35044792 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082820-113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy combined with quantum chemistry has been a powerful approach to elucidate the structures and bonding of size-selected boron clusters (Bn-), revealing a prevalent planar world that laid the foundation for borophenes. Investigations of metal-doped boron clusters not only lead to novel structures but also provide important information about the metal-boron bonds that are critical to understanding the properties of boride materials. The current review focuses on recent advances in transition-metal-doped boron clusters, including the discoveries of metal-boron multiple bonds and metal-doped novel aromatic boron clusters. The study of the RhB- and RhB2O- clusters led to the discovery of the first quadruple bond between boron and a transition-metal atom, whereas a metal-boron triple bond was found in ReB2O- and IrB2O-. The ReB4- cluster was shown to be the first metallaborocycle with Möbius aromaticity, and the planar ReB6- cluster was found to exhibit aromaticity analogous to metallabenzenes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; .,Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, Center for Technology Innovation-Decarbonized Energy, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;
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Czekner J, Wang LS. Observation of π-Backbonding in a Boronyl-Coordinated Transition Metal Complex TaBO –. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10001-10007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Zhou Y, Yu X, Cheng L. Multiple d-d bonds between early transition metals in TM 2Li n (TM = Sc, Ti) superatomic molecule clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20506-20512. [PMID: 33026386 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and application of compounds with Cr-Cr and V-V d-d quintuple bonds (σ, 2π, 2δ) have led to new thinking about whether d-d multiple bonds also exist between early transition metals such as Sc-Sc and Ti-Ti. In this study, by extensive unbiased global search at the density functional theory level, the low-energy structures of 26e and 30e TM2Lin clusters were obtained. Based on the super valence bond (SVB) theory, the prolate double-core structure of TM2Lin clusters was regarded as a superatomic molecule, of which each half was regarded as an open-shell superatom, and the electronic shell-closure was realized by forming multiple bonds between superatoms. Then, the quintuple super bonds (2δ, 2π, σ) of the Li18Ti2, Li20Sc2, [Li17V2]+, [Li17Ti2]- clusters and the triple super bonds (2π, σ) of the Li24Sc2 and Li24Y2 clusters were confirmed via chemical-bonding analysis. This way of forming multiple bonds between early transition metals through superatomic bonding has promoted the experimental synthesis and application of early transition metal multiple bond compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Xinlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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