1
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Bodo F, Erba A, Kraka E, Moura RT. Chemical bonding in Uranium-based materials: A local vibrational mode case study of Cs 2 UO 2 Cl 4 and UCl 4 crystals. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1130-1142. [PMID: 38279637 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The Local Vibrational Mode Analysis, initially applied to diverse molecular systems, was extended to periodic systems in 2019. This work introduces an enhanced version of the LModeA software, specifically designed for the comprehensive analysis of two and three-dimensional periodic structures. Notably, a novel interface with the Crystal package was established, enabling a seamless transition from molecules to periodic systems using a unified methodology. Two distinct sets of uranium-based systems were investigated: (i) the evolution of the Uranyl ion (UO 2 2 + ) traced from its molecular configurations to the solid state, exemplified by Cs 2 UO 2 Cl 4 and (ii) Uranium tetrachloride (UCl 4 ) in both its molecular and crystalline forms. The primary focus was on exploring the impact of crystal packing on key properties, including IR and Raman spectra, structural parameters, and an in-depth assessment of bond strength utilizing local mode perspectives. This work not only demonstrates the adaptability and versatility of LModeA for periodic systems but also highlights its potential for gaining insights into complex materials and aiding in the design of new materials through fine-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bodo
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Renaldo T Moura
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Brazil
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2
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Badri Z, Foroutan-Nejad C. Classical versus Collective Interactions in Asymmetric Trigonal Bipyramidal Alkaline Metal‒Boron Halide Complexes. Chemistry 2024:e202400156. [PMID: 38642012 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Collective interactions are a novel type of chemical bond formed between metals and electron-rich substituents around an electron-poor central atom. So far only a limited number of candidates for having collective interactions are reported. In this work, we extend the newly introduced concept of collective bonding to a series of neutral boron complexes with the general formula M2BX3 (M = Li, Na, and K; X = F, Cl, and Br). Our state-of-the-art ab initio computations suggest that these complexes form trigonal bipyramidal structures with a D3h to C3v distortion along the C3 axis of symmetry. The BX3 unit in the complexes distorts from planar to pyramidal akin to a sp3 hybridized atom. Interestingly, the interaction of the metals with the pyramidal side of BX3, where the lone pair in a hypothetical [BX3]2‒ should be located, is weaker than the interactions of metals with the inverted side, i.e., the middle of three halogen atoms. The origin of this stronger interaction can be explained by the formation of collective interactions between metals and halogen atoms as we explored via energy decomposition within the context of the theory of interacting quantum atoms, IQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Badri
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, POLAND
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Polish Academy of Sciences: Polska Akademia Nauk, Institute of Organic Chemisrty, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, POLAND
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3
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Wu L, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Peng F, Moos M, Mentzel P, Shi J, Neubert T, Bertermann R, Finze M, Fox MA, Lambert C, Ji L. Optically induced charge-transfer in donor-acceptor-substituted p- and m- C 2B 10H 12 carboranes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3005. [PMID: 38589381 PMCID: PMC11001991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Icosahedral carboranes, C2B10H12, have long been considered to be aromatic but the extent of conjugation between these clusters and their substituents is still being debated. m- and p-Carboranes are compared with m- and p-phenylenes as conjugated bridges in optical functional chromophores with a donor and an acceptor as substituents here. The absorption and fluorescence data for both carboranes from experimental techniques (including femtosecond transient absorption, time-resolved fluorescence and broadband fluorescence upconversion) show that the absorption and emission processes involve strong intramolecular charge transfer between the donor and acceptor substituents via the carborane cluster. From quantum chemical calculations on these carborane systems, the charge transfer process depends on the relative torsional angles of the donor and acceptor groups where an overlap between the two frontier orbitals exists in the bridging carborane cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fuwei Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Mentzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Junqing Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Thomas Neubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mark A Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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4
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Lavroff RH, Munarriz J, Dickerson CE, Munoz F, Alexandrova AN. Chemical bonding dictates drastic critical temperature difference in two seemingly identical superconductors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316101121. [PMID: 38547068 PMCID: PMC10998635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Though YB6 and LaB6 share the same crystal structure, atomic valence electron configuration, and phonon modes, they exhibit drastically different phonon-mediated superconductivity. YB6 superconducts below 8.4 K, giving it the second-highest critical temperature of known borides, second only to MgB2. LaB6 does not superconduct until near-absolute zero temperatures (below 0.45 K), however. Though previous studies have quantified the canonical superconductivity descriptors of YB6's greater Fermi-level (Ef) density of states and higher electron-phonon coupling (EPC), the root of this difference has not been assessed with full detail of the electronic structure. Through chemical bonding, we determine low-lying, unoccupied 4f atomic orbitals in lanthanum to be the key difference between these superconductors. These orbitals, which are not accessible in YB6, hybridize with π B-B bonds and bring this π-system lower in energy than the σ B-B bonds otherwise at Ef. This inversion of bands is crucial: the optical phonon modes we show responsible for superconductivity cause the σ-orbitals of YB6 to change drastically in overlap, but couple weakly to the π-orbitals of LaB6. These phonons in YB6 even access a crossing of electronic states, indicating strong EPC. No such crossing in LaB6 is observed. Finally, a supercell (the M k-point) is shown to undergo Peierls-like effects in YB6, introducing additional EPC from both softened acoustic phonons and the same electron-coupled optical modes as in the unit cell. Overall, we find that LaB6 and YB6 have fundamentally different mechanisms of superconductivity, despite their otherwise near-identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Lavroff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Julen Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza50009, Spain
| | - Claire E. Dickerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Francisco Munoz
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago7800024, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Santiago9330111, Chile
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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5
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Keilwerth M, Mao W, Malischewski M, Jannuzzi SAV, Breitwieser K, Heinemann FW, Scheurer A, DeBeer S, Munz D, Bill E, Meyer K. The synthesis and characterization of an iron(VII) nitrido complex. Nat Chem 2024; 16:514-520. [PMID: 38291260 PMCID: PMC10997499 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Complexes of iron in high oxidation states are captivating research subjects due to their pivotal role as active intermediates in numerous catalytic processes. Structural and spectroscopic studies of well-defined model complexes often provide evidence of these intermediates. In addition to the fundamental molecular and electronic structure insights gained by these complexes, their reactivity also affects our understanding of catalytic reaction mechanisms for small molecule and bond-activation chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization of a stable, octahedral Fe(VI) nitrido complex and an authenticated, unique Fe(VII) species, prepared by one-electron oxidation. The super-oxidized Fe(VII) nitride rearranges to an Fe(V) imide through an intramolecular amination mechanism and ligand exchange, which is characterized spectroscopically and computationally. This enables combined reactivity and stability studies on a single molecular system of a rare high-valent complex redox pair. Quantum chemical calculations complement the spectroscopic parameters and provide evidence for a diamagnetic (S = 0) d 2 Fe(VI) and a genuine S = 1/2, d 1 Fe(VII) configuration of these super-oxidized nitrido complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Keilwerth
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Weiqing Mao
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio A V Jannuzzi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kevin Breitwieser
- Saarland University, Inorganic Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Dominik Munz
- Saarland University, Inorganic Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Osin OA, Lin S, Gelfand BS, Lee SLJ, Lin S, Shimizu GKH. A molecular extraction process for vanadium based on tandem selective complexation and precipitation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2614. [PMID: 38521785 PMCID: PMC10960790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recycling vanadium from alternative sources is essential due to its expanding demand, depletion in natural sources, and environmental issues with terrestrial mining. Here, we present a complexation-precipitation method to selectively recover pentavalent vanadium ions, V(V), from complex metal ion mixtures, using an acid-stable metal binding agent, the cyclic imidedioxime, naphthalimidedioxime (H2CIDIII). H2CIDIII showed high extraction capacity and fast binding towards V(V) with crystal structures showing a 1:1 M:L dimer, [V2(O)3(C12H6N3O2)2]2-, 1, and 1:2 M:L non-oxido, [V(C12H6N3O2)2] ̶ complex, 2. Complexation selectivity studies showed only 1 and 2 were anionic, allowing facile separation of the V(V) complexes by pH-controlled precipitation, removing the need for solid support. The tandem complexation-precipitation technique achieved high recovery selectivity for V(V) with a selectivity coefficient above 3 × 105 from synthetic mixed metal solutions and real oil sand tailings. Zebrafish toxicity assay confirmed the non-toxicity of 1 and 2, highlighting H2CIDIII's potential for practical and large-scale V(V) recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatomiwa A Osin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ling Jie Lee
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - George K H Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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7
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Dunning TH, Xu LT. Electronic structure of Li 1,2,3 +,0,- and nature of the bonding in Li 2,3 +,0,. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:405-418. [PMID: 37966878 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study of the small lithium molecules Li2 +,0,- and Li3 +,0,- focuses on the nature of the bonding in these molecules as well as their structures and energetics (bond energies, ionization energies, and electron affinities). Valence CASSCF (2s,2p) calculations incorporate nondynamical electron correlation in the calculations, while the corresponding multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster calculations incorporate dynamical electron correlation. Treatment of nondynamical correlation is critical for properly describing the Li2,3 +,0,- molecules as well as the Li- anion with dynamical correlation, in general, only fine-tuning the predictions. All lithium molecules and ions are bound, with the Li3 + and Li2 + ions being the most strongly bound, followed by Li3 - , Li2 , Li2 - and Li3 . The minimum energy structures of Li3 +,0,- are, respectively, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, and a linear structure. The results of SCGVB calculations are analyzed to obtain insights into the nature of the bonding in these molecules. An important finding of this work is that interstitial orbitals, a concept first put forward by McAdon and Goddard in 1985, play an essential role in the bonding of all lithium molecules considered here except for Li2 . The interstitial orbitals found in the Li3 +,0 molecules likely give rise to the non-nuclear attractors/maxima observed in these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom H Dunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lu T Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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8
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Oestereich T, Tonner-Zech R, Westermayr J. Decoding energy decomposition analysis: Machine-learned Insights on the impact of the density functional on the bonding analysis. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:368-376. [PMID: 37909259 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept of chemical bonding is a crucial aspect of chemistry that aids in understanding the complexity and reactivity of molecules and materials. However, the interpretation of chemical bonds can be hindered by the choice of the theoretical approach and the specific method utilized. This study aims to investigate the effect of choosing different density functionals on the interpretation of bonding achieved through energy decomposition analysis (EDA). To achieve this goal, a data set was created, representing four bonding groups and various combinations of functionals and dispersion correction schemes. The calculations showed significant variation among the different functionals for the EDA terms, with the dispersion correction terms exhibiting the highest variability. More information was extracted by using machine learning in combination with dimensionality reduction on the data set. Results indicate that, despite the differences in the EDA terms obtained from different functionals, the functional has the least significant impact, suggesting minimal influence on the bonding interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Oestereich
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Westermayr
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Nguyen PQH, Zhang D, Xu J, Downs RT, Dera PK. Dehydration kinetics of nanoconfined water in beryl probed by high temperature single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6079. [PMID: 38480812 PMCID: PMC10937911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding changes in material properties through external stimuli plays a key role in validating the expected performance of materials and engineering material properties in a controlled manner. Here, we introduce a fundamental protocol to deduce dehydration reactions kinetics of water confined in nanopore channels, with the cyclosilicate beryl as the scaffold of interest, using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), in the temperature interval of 298-1038 K. The temperature-dependent intensity ( I ) of the strongest reflection (112) was used as the crystallite variable. An estimation of an isobaric thermal crystallite coefficient, k , analogous with the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, established the rate of relative crystallization as a function of temperature,∂ I ∂ T . A plot of lnk and 1 T gives rise to two kinetic steps, indicating a slow dehydration stage up to ~ 700 K and a fast dehydration stage up to the investigated temperature 1038 K. The crystal structure of beryl determined up to 1038 K, in temperature increment as small as 10 K, indicates the presence of channel ions Na and Fe and a gradual decrease of water upon heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Q H Nguyen
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
- GeoSoilEnviroCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Dongzhou Zhang
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- GeoSoilEnviroCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jingui Xu
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- GeoSoilEnviroCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
- Key Laboratory for High-Temperature and High-Pressure for the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Robert T Downs
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0077, USA
| | - Przemyslaw K Dera
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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10
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Luder DJ, Terefenko N, Sun Q, Eckert H, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Kehr G, Erker G, Wiegand T. Polar covalent apex-base bonding in borapyramidanes probed by solid-state NMR and DFT calculations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303701. [PMID: 38078510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyramidane molecules have attracted chemists for many decades due to their regular shape, high symmetry and their correspondence in the macroscopic world. Recently, experimental access to a number of examples has been reported, in particular the rarely reported square pyramidal bora[4]pyramidanes. To describe the bonding situation of the nonclassical structure of pyramidanes, we present solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as a versatile tool for deciphering such bonding properties for three now accessible bora[4]pyramidane and dibora[5]pyramidane molecules. 11 B solid-state NMR spectra indicate that the apical boron nuclei in these compounds are strongly shielded (around -50 ppm vs. BF3 -Et2 O complex) and possess quadrupolar coupling constants of less than 0.9 MHz pointing to a rather high local symmetry. 13 C-11 B spin-spin coupling constants have been explored as a measure of the bond covalency in the borapyramidanes. While the carbon-boron bond to the -B(C6 F5 )2 substituents of the base serves as an example for a classical covalent 2-center-2-electron (2c-2e) sp2 -carbon-sp2 -boron σ-bond with 1 J(13 C-11 B) coupling constants in the order of 75 Hz, those of the boron(apical)-carbon(basal) bonds in the pyramid are too small to measure. These results suggest that these bonds have a strongly ionic character, which is also supported by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique J Luder
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Terefenko
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiu Sun
- Organische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Kehr
- Organische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organische Chemie, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim, Germany
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11
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Hu QH, Song AM, Gao X, Shi YZ, Jiang W, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Rationally designed nanotrap structures for efficient separation of rare earth elements over a single step. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1558. [PMID: 38378705 PMCID: PMC10879098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracting rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is essential for the growth and an eco-friendly sustainable economy. However, it is a daunting challenge to separate individual rare earth elements by their subtle differences. To overcome this difficulty, we report a unique REE nanotrap that features dense uncoordinated carboxyl groups and triazole N atoms in a two-fold interpenetrated metal-organic framework (named NCU-1). Notably, the synergistic effect of suitable pore sizes and REE nanotraps in NCU-1 is highly responsive to the size variation of rare-earth ions and shows high selectivity toward light REE. As a proof of concept, Pr/Lu and Nd/Er are used as binary models, which give a high separation factor of SFPr/Lu = 796 and SFNd/Er = 273, demonstrating highly efficient separation over a single step. This ability achieves efficient and selective extraction and separation of REEs from mine tailings, establishing this platform as an important advance for sustainable obtaining high-purity REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - An-Min Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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12
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Muhr M, Stephan J, Staiger L, Hemmer K, Schütz M, Heiß P, Jandl C, Cokoja M, Kratky T, Günther S, Huber D, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Cador O, Da Silva ACH, Da Silva JLF, Mink J, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Assignment of individual structures from intermetalloid nickel gallium cluster ensembles. Commun Chem 2024; 7:29. [PMID: 38351167 PMCID: PMC10864300 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poorly selective mixed-metal cluster synthesis and separation yield reaction solutions of inseparable intermetalloid cluster mixtures, which are often discarded. High-resolution mass spectrometry, however, can provide precise compositional data of such product mixtures. Structure assignments can be achieved by advanced computational screening and consideration of the complete structural space. Here, we experimentally verify structure and composition of a whole cluster ensemble by combining a set of spectroscopic techniques. Our study case are the very similar nickel/gallium clusters of M12, M13 and M14 core composition Ni6+xGa6+y (x + y ≤ 2). The rationalization of structure, bonding and reactivity is built upon the organometallic superatom cluster [Ni6Ga6](Cp*)6 = [Ga6](NiCp*)6 (1; Cp* = C5Me5). The structural conclusions are validated by reactivity tests using carbon monoxide, which selectively binds to Ni sites, whereas (triisopropylsilyl)acetylene selectively binds to Ga sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Stephan
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lena Staiger
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Karina Hemmer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Max Schütz
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tim Kratky
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dominik Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Augusto C H Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P. O. Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P. O. Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Janos Mink
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
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13
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Sinhababu S, Singh RP, Radzhabov MR, Kumawat J, Ess DH, Mankad NP. Coordination-induced O-H/N-H bond weakening by a redox non-innocent, aluminum-containing radical. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1315. [PMID: 38351122 PMCID: PMC10864259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several renewable energy schemes aim to use the chemical bonds in abundant molecules like water and ammonia as energy reservoirs. Because the O-H and N-H bonds are quite strong (>100 kcal/mol), it is necessary to identify substances that dramatically weaken these bonds to facilitate proton-coupled electron transfer processes required for energy conversion. Usually this is accomplished through coordination-induced bond weakening by redox-active metals. However, coordination-induced bond weakening is difficult with earth's most abundant metal, aluminum, because of its redox inertness under mild conditions. Here, we report a system that uses aluminum with a redox non-innocent ligand to achieve significant levels of coordination-induced bond weakening of O-H and N-H bonds. The multisite proton-coupled electron transfer manifold described here points to redox non-innocent ligands as a design element to open coordination-induced bond weakening chemistry to more elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Maxim R Radzhabov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jugal Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84604, UT, USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84604, UT, USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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14
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Khadka DB, Shirai Y, Yanagida M, Ota H, Lyalin A, Taketsugu T, Miyano K. Defect passivation in methylammonium/bromine free inverted perovskite solar cells using charge-modulated molecular bonding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:882. [PMID: 38287031 PMCID: PMC10824754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular passivation is a prominent approach for improving the performance and operation stability of halide perovskite solar cells (HPSCs). Herein, we reveal discernible effects of diammonium molecules with either an aryl or alkyl core onto Methylammonium-free perovskites. Piperazine dihydriodide (PZDI), characterized by an alkyl core-electron cloud-rich-NH terminal, proves effective in mitigating surface and bulk defects and modifying surface chemistry or interfacial energy band, ultimately leading to improved carrier extraction. Benefiting from superior PZDI passivation, the device achieves an impressive efficiency of 23.17% (area ~1 cm2) (low open circuit voltage deficit ~0.327 V) along with superior operational stability. We achieve a certified efficiency of ~21.47% (area ~1.024 cm2) for inverted HPSC. PZDI strengthens adhesion to the perovskite via -NH2I and Mulliken charge distribution. Device analysis corroborates that stronger bonding interaction attenuates the defect densities and suppresses ion migration. This work underscores the crucial role of bifunctional molecules with stronger surface adsorption in defect mitigation, setting the stage for the design of charge-regulated molecular passivation to enhance the performance and stability of HPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba B Khadka
- Photovoltaic Materials Group, Center for GREEN Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Shirai
- Photovoltaic Materials Group, Center for GREEN Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Yanagida
- Photovoltaic Materials Group, Center for GREEN Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ota
- Battery Research Platform, Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Andrey Lyalin
- Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Miyano
- Photovoltaic Materials Group, Center for GREEN Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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15
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Hosny S, Abdelfatah A, Gaber GA. Synthesis, characterization, synergistic inhibition, and biological evaluation of novel Schiff base on 304 stainless steel in acid solution. Sci Rep 2024; 14:470. [PMID: 38172208 PMCID: PMC10764748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Schiff base [4-(morpholin-4-yl) benzylidenyl]thiosemicarbazide (MBT) was created by reaction condensation. The molecules of the products were verified by IR, 1HNMR, MS, and elemental techniques. The synergistic effect of KI with novel MBT on 304 stainless steel (SS) in acidic has been investigated experimentally and theoretically using DFT. The findings demonstrate that restriction efficacy on 304 SS improved with rising inhibitor concentrations, and this benefit was attributed to synergy when KI was injected. From EIS results, IE % increased with a higher concentration of MBT only and MBT + KI (from 100 to 600 ppm). MBT maximum IE % was 84.98%, at 600 ppm. MBT + KI, due to the I- ions synergistic effect, showed an IE% of about 95.48%, at 600 ppm. The adsorptions of MBT and MBT + KI on the surfaces of 304 SS are strongly fitted Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters (Kads, ΔG0ads) were utilized. According to polarization findings, MBT behaves as a mixed-category antagonist. The Schiff base MBT was screened for its in vitro antimicrobial activities against some strains of bacteria and fungi. The result revealed that MBT proved to be an excellent candidate as a fungal agent being able to inhibit Aspergillus flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Hosny
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharga, 72511, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Abdelfatah
- Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghalia A Gaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Yousef Abbas Str., P.O. Box: 11754, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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16
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Guan R, Huang J, Xin J, Chen M, Du P, Li Q, Tan YZ, Yang S, Xie SY. A stabilization rule for metal carbido cluster bearing μ 3-carbido single-atom-ligand encapsulated in carbon cage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:150. [PMID: 38167842 PMCID: PMC10761991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal carbido complexes bearing single-carbon-atom ligand such as nitrogenase provide ideal models of adsorbed carbon atoms in heterogeneous catalysis. Trimetallic μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes found recently represent the simplest metal carbido complexes with the ligands being only carbon atoms, but only few are crystallographically characterized, and its formation prerequisite is unclear. Herein, we synthesize and isolate three vanadium-based μ3-CCFs featuring V = C double bonds and high valence state of V (+4), including VSc2C@Ih(7)-C80, VSc2C@D5h(6)-C80 and VSc2C@D3h(5)-C78. Based on a systematic theoretical study of all reported μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes, we further propose a supplemental Octet Rule, i.e., an eight-electron configuration of the μ3-carbido ligand is needed for stabilization of metal carbido clusters within μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes. Distinct from the classic Effective Atomic Number rule based on valence electron count of metal proposed in the 1920s, this rule counts the valence electrons of the single-carbon-atom ligand, and offers a general rule governing the stabilities of μ3-carbido clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qunxiang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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17
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Pearce KG, Liu HY, Neale SE, Goff HM, Mahon MF, McMullin CL, Hill MS. Alkali metal reduction of alkali metal cations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8147. [PMID: 38065953 PMCID: PMC10709313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Counter to synthetic convention and expectation provided by the relevant standard reduction potentials, the chloroberyllate, [{SiNDipp}BeClLi]2 [{SiNDipp} = {CH2SiMe2N(Dipp)}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)], reacts with the group 1 elements (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) to provide the respective heavier alkali metal analogues, [{SiNDipp}BeClM]2, through selective reduction of the Li+ cation. Whereas only [{SiNDipp}BeClRb]2 is amenable to reduction by potassium to its nearest lighter congener, these species may also be sequentially interconverted by treatment of [{SiNDipp}BeClM]2 by the successively heavier group 1 metal. A theoretical analysis combining density functional theory (DFT) with elemental thermochemistry is used to rationalise these observations, where consideration of the relevant enthalpies of atomisation of each alkali metal in its bulk metallic form proved crucial in accounting for experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hattie M Goff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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18
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Lesnikov VK, Golovanov IS, Nelyubina YV, Aksenova SA, Sukhorukov AY. Crown-hydroxylamines are pH-dependent chelating N,O-ligands with a potential for aerobic oxidation catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7673. [PMID: 37996433 PMCID: PMC10667252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rich coordination chemistry, hydroxylamines are rarely used as ligands for transition metal coordination compounds. This is partially because of the instability of these complexes that undergo decomposition, disproportionation and oxidation processes involving the hydroxylamine motif. Here, we design macrocyclic poly-N-hydroxylamines (crown-hydroxylamines) that form complexes containing a d-metal ion (Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II)) coordinated by multiple (up to six) hydroxylamine fragments. The stability of these complexes is likely to be due to a macrocycle effect and strong intramolecular H-bonding interactions between the N-OH groups. Crown-hydroxylamine complexes exhibit interesting pH-dependent behavior where the efficiency of metal binding increases upon deprotonation of the hydroxylamine groups. Copper complexes exhibit catalytic activity in aerobic oxidation reactions under ambient conditions, whereas the corresponding complexes with macrocyclic polyamines show poor or no activity. Our results show that crown-hydroxylamines display anomalous structural features and chemical behavior with respect to both organic hydroxylamines and polyaza-crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav K Lesnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Golovanov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilova str. 28, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana A Aksenova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilova str. 28, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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19
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Du S, Cao F, Chen X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A silylene-stabilized ditin(0) complex and its conversion to methylditin cation and distannavinylidene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7474. [PMID: 37978294 PMCID: PMC10656547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic high reactivity, isolation of tin(0) complexes remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of a silylene-stabilized ditin(0) complex (2) by reduction of a silylene-supported dibromostannylene (1) with 1 equivalent of magnesium (I) dimer in toluene. The structure of 2 was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Density Functional Theory calculations revealed that complex 2 bears a Sn=Sn double bond and one lone pair of electrons on each of the Sn(0) atoms. Remarkably, complex 2 is readily methylated to give a mixed-valent methylditin cation (4), which undergoes topomerization in solution though a reversible 1,2-Me migration along a Sn=Sn bond. Computational studies showed that the three-coordinate Sn atom in 4 is the dominant electrophilic center, and allows for facile reaction with KHBBus3 furnishing an unprecedented N-heterocyclic silylenes-stabilized distannavinylidene (5). The synthesis of 2, 4 and 5 demonstrates the exceptional ability of N-heterocyclic silylenes to stabilize low valent tin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Hait D, Head-Gordon M. When Is a Bond Broken? The Polarizability Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312078. [PMID: 37713599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The question of when a chemical bond can be said to be broken is of fundamental chemical interest but has not been widely studied. Herein we propose that the maxima of static polarizability along bond dissociation coordinates naturally define cutoff points for bond rupture, as they represent the onset of localization of shared electron density into constituent fragments. Examples of computed polarizability maxima over the course of bond cleavage in main-group and transition metal compounds are provided, across covalent, dative and charge-shift bonds. The behavior along reaction paths is also considered. Overall, the static polarizability is found to be a sensitive reporter of electronic structure reorganization associated with bond stretching, and thus can serve as a metric for describing bond cleavage (or diagnose the absence of a chemical bond).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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21
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Wan S, Zhang S, Li B, Zhang X, Gong X, You J. Threefold coordinated germanium in a GeO 2 melt. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7008. [PMID: 37919318 PMCID: PMC10622558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The local structure around germanium is a fundamental issue in material science and geochemistry. In the prevailing viewpoint, germanium in GeO2 melt is coordinated by at least four oxygen atoms. However, the viewpoint has been debated for decades due to several unexplained bands present in the GeO2 melt Raman spectra. Using in situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) computation, we have found a [GeOØ2]n (Ø = bridging oxygen) chain structure in a GeO2 melt. In this structure, the germanium atom is coordinated by three oxygen atoms and interacts weakly with two neighbouring non-bridging oxygen atoms. The bonding nature of the chain has been analyzed on the basis of the computational electronic structure. The results may settle down the longstanding debate on the GeO2 melt structure and modify our view on germanate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songming Wan
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230037, China.
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoye Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jinglin You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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22
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Jia T, Li YX, Ma XH, Zhang MM, Dong XY, Ai J, Zang SQ. Atomically precise ultrasmall copper cluster for room-temperature highly regioselective dehydrogenative coupling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6877. [PMID: 37898608 PMCID: PMC10613312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-component dehydrogenative coupling reactions represent important and practical methodologies for forging new C-N bonds and C-C bonds. Achieving highly all-in-one dehydrogenative coupling functionalization by a single catalytic system remains a great challenge. Herein, we develop a rigid-flexible-coupled copper cluster [Cu3(NHC)3(PF6)3] (Cu3NC(NHC)) using a tridentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. The shell ligand endows Cu3NC(NHC) with dual attributes, including rigidity and flexibility, to improve activity and stability. The Cu3NC(NHC) is applied to catalyze both highly all-in-one dehydrogenative coupling transformations. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory illustrate that the improved regioselectivity is derived from the low energy of ion pair with copper acetylide and endo-iminium ions and the low transition state, which originates from the unique physicochemical properties of the Cu3NC(NHC) catalyst. This work highlights the importance of N-heterocyclic carbene in the modification of copper clusters, providing a new design rule to protect cluster catalytic centers and enhance catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostcal Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostcal Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostcal Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostcal Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostcal Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostcal Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostcal Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
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23
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Yan Y, Abella L, Sun R, Fang YH, Roselló Y, Shen Y, Jin M, Rodríguez-Fortea A, de Graaf C, Meng Q, Yao YR, Echegoyen L, Wang BW, Gao S, Poblet JM, Chen N. Actinide-lanthanide single electron metal-metal bond formed in mixed-valence di-metallofullerenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6637. [PMID: 37863887 PMCID: PMC10589252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding metal-metal bonding involving f-block elements has been a challenging goal in chemistry. Here we report a series of mixed-valence di-metallofullerenes, ThDy@C2n (2n = 72, 76, 78, and 80) and ThY@C2n (2n = 72 and 78), which feature single electron actinide-lanthanide metal-metal bonds, characterized by structural, spectroscopic and computational methods. Crystallographic characterization unambiguously confirmed that Th and Y or Dy are encapsulated inside variably sized fullerene carbon cages. The ESR study of ThY@D3h(5)-C78 shows a doublet as expected for an unpaired electron interacting with Y, and a SQUID magnetometric study of ThDy@D3h(5)-C78 reveals a high-spin ground state for the whole molecule. Theoretical studies further confirm the presence of a single-electron bonding interaction between Y or Dy and Th, due to a significant overlap between hybrid spd orbitals of the two metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yannick Roselló
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Meihe Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qingyu Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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24
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Biskup D, Schnakenburg G, Boeré RT, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel RK. Challenging an old paradigm by demonstrating transition metal-like chemistry at a neutral nonmetal center. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6456. [PMID: 37833259 PMCID: PMC10575908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe nonmetal adducts of the phosphorus center of terminal phosphinidene complexes using classical C- and N-ligands from metal coordination chemistry. The nature of the L-P bond has been analyzed by various theoretical methods including a refined method on the variation of the Laplacian of electron density ∇2ρ along the L-P bond path. Studies on thermal stability reveal stark differences between N-ligands such as N-methyl imidazole and C-ligands such as tert-butyl isocyanide, including ligand exchange reactions and a surprising formation of white phosphorus. A milestone is the transformation of a nonmetal-bound isocyanide into phosphaguanidine or an acyclic bisaminocarbene bound to phosphorus; the latter is analogous to the chemistry of transition metal-bound isocyanides, and the former reveals the differences. This example has been studied via cutting-edge DFT calculations leading to two pathways differently favored depending on variations in steric demand. This study reveals the emergence of organometallic from coordination chemistry of a neutral nonmetal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Biskup
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - René T Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K3M4, Canada
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer K Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Si WD, Chu H, Zhou L, Li T, Huang XQ, Gao ZY, Azam M, Tung CH, Cui P, Sun D. Dynamic and transformable Cu 12 cluster-based C-H···π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6413. [PMID: 37828068 PMCID: PMC10570389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of cluster-based π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks presents daunting challenges, including the design of suitable cluster building units, control of the sufficient C-H···π interactions, trade-off between structural dynamics and stability as well as understanding the resulting collective properties. Herein, we report a cluster-based C-H···π interaction-stacked porous supramolecular framework, namely, Cu12a-π, consisting of Cu12 nanocluster as a 6-connected node, which is further propagated to a dynamic porous supramolecular frameworks via dense intralayer C-H···π interactions, yielding permanent porosity. In addition, Cu12a-π can be transformed into cluster-based nonporous adaptive crystals (Cu12b-NACs) via ligand-exchange following a dissociation-reassembly mechanism. Moreover, Cu12a-π can efficiently remove 97.2% of iodine from saturated iodine aqueous solutions with a high uptake capacity of 2.96 g·g-1. These prospective results positioned at cluster-based porous supramolecular framework and enlighten follow-up researchers to design and synthesize such materials with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Chu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Liu HC, Ruan K, Ma K, Fei J, Lin YM, Xia H. Synthesis of metalla-dual-azulenes with fluoride ion recognition properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5583. [PMID: 37696902 PMCID: PMC10495402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Azulene-based conjugated systems are of great interests due to their unusual structures and photophysical properties. Incorporation of a transition metal into azulene skeleton presents an intriguing opportunity to combine the dπ-pπ and pπ-pπ conjugated properties. No such metallaazulene skeleton however has been reported to date. Here, we describe our development of an efficient [5 + 2] annulation reaction to rapid construction of a unique metal-containing [5-5-7] scaffold, termed metalla-dual-azulene (MDA), which includes a metallaazulene and a metal-free organic azulene intertwined by sharing the tropylium motif. The two azulene motifs in MDA exhibit distinct reactivities. The azulene motif readily undergoes nucleophilic addition, leading to N-, O- and S-substituted cycloheptanetrienyl species. Demetalation of the metallaazulene moiety occurs when it reacts with nBu4NF, which enables highly selective recognition of fluoride anion and a noticeable color change. The practical [5 + 2] annulation methodology, facile functional-group modification, high and selective fluoride detection make this new π-conjugated polycyclic system very suitable for potential applications in photoelectric and sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kexin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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27
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Repp S, Remmers M, Rein ASJ, Sorsche D, Gao D, Anjass M, Mondeshki M, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Streb C. Coupled reaction equilibria enable the light-driven formation of metal-functionalized molecular vanadium oxides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5563. [PMID: 37689696 PMCID: PMC10492840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of metal sites into molecular metal oxides, so-called polyoxometalates, is key for tuning their structure and reactivity. The complex mechanisms which govern metal-functionalization of polyoxometalates are still poorly understood. Here, we report a coupled set of light-dependent and light-independent reaction equilibria controlling the mono- and di-metal-functionalization of a prototype molecular vanadium oxide cluster. Comprehensive mechanistic analyses show that coordination of a Mg2+ ion to the species {(NMe2H2)2[VV12O32Cl]}3- results in formation of the mono-functionalized {(NMe2H2)[(MgCl)VV12O32Cl]}3- with simultaneous release of a NMe2H2+ placeholder cation. Irradiation of this species with visible light results in one-electron reduction of the vanadate, exchange of the second NMe2H2+ with Mg2+, and formation/crystallization of the di-metal-functionalized [(MgCl)2VIVVV11O32Cl]4-. Mechanistic studies show how stimuli such as light or competing cations affect the coupled equilibria. Transfer of this synthetic concept to other metal cations is also demonstrated, highlighting the versatility of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Repp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Moritz Remmers
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Sorsche
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Montaha Anjass
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah-27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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28
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Takebayashi S, Ariai J, Gellrich U, Kartashov SV, Fayzullin RR, Kang HB, Yamane T, Sugisaki K, Sato K. Synthesis and characterization of a formal 21-electron cobaltocene derivative. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4979. [PMID: 37669936 PMCID: PMC10480225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallocenes are highly versatile organometallic compounds. The versatility of the metallocenes stems from their ability to stabilize a wide range of formal electron counts. To date, d-block metallocenes with an electron count of up to 20 have been synthesized and utilized in catalysis, sensing, and other fields. However, d-block metallocenes with more than formal 20-electron counts have remained elusive. The synthesis and isolation of such complexes are challenging because the metal-carbon bonds in d-block metallocenes become weaker with increasing deviation from the stable 18-electron configuration. Here, we report the synthesis, isolation, and characterization of a 21-electron cobaltocene derivative. This discovery is based on the ligand design that allows the coordination of an electron pair donor to a 19-electron cobaltocene derivative while maintaining the cobalt-carbon bonds, a previously unexplored synthetic approach. Furthermore, we elucidate the origin of the stability, redox chemistry, and spin state of the 21-electron complex. This study reveals a synthetic method, structure, chemical bonding, and properties of the 21-electron metallocene derivative that expands our conceptual understanding of d-block metallocene chemistry. We expect that this report will open up previously unexplored synthetic possibilities in d-block transition metal chemistry, including the fields of catalysis and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takebayashi
- Science and Technology Group, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Jama Ariai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen, D-35392, Germany.
| | - Sergey V Kartashov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Hyung-Been Kang
- Engineering Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 7-1 Shinkawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-0032, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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29
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Luo F, Liu L, Wu H, Xu L, Rao Y, Zhou M, Osuka A, Song J. Publisher Correction: Doubly N-confused and ring-contracted [24] hexaphyrin Pd-complexes as stable antiaromatic N-confused expanded porphyrins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5293. [PMID: 37652911 PMCID: PMC10471750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Le Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Han Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China.
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30
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Yam KM, Zhang Y, Guo N, Jiang Z, Deng H, Zhang C. Two-dimensional graphitic metal carbides: structure, stability and electronic properties. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:465706. [PMID: 37549662 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acedb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Via first-principles computational modeling and calculations, we propose a new class of two-dimensional (2D) atomically thin crystals that contain metal-C3(MC3) moieties periodically distributed in a graphenic lattice, which we refer to as 2D graphitic metal carbides (g-MCs). Most g-MCs are dynamically stable as verified by the calculated phonon spectra. Our detailed chemical bonding analyzes reveal that the high stability of g-MCs can be attributed to a unique bonding feature, which manifests as the carbon-backbone-mediated metal-metal interactions. These analyzes provide new insights for understanding the stability of 2D materials. It is found that the calculated electronic band gaps and magnetic moments (per unit cell) of g-MCs can range from 0 to 1.30 eV and 0 to 4.40μB, respectively. Highly tunable electronic properties imply great potential of 2D g-MCs in various applications. As an example, we show that 2D g-MnC can be an excellent electrocatalyst towards CO2reductive reaction for the formation of formic acid with an exceptionally high loading of Mn atoms (∼43 wt%). We expect this work to simulate new experiments for fabrication and applications of g-MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah-Meng Yam
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- NUS (Chongqing) Research Institute, No. 16 South Huashan Road, 401123, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoling Jiang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3 117551, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3 117543, Singapore
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31
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Luo F, Liu L, Wu H, Xu L, Rao Y, Zhou M, Osuka A, Song J. Doubly N-confused and ring-contracted [24]hexaphyrin Pd-complexes as stable antiaromatic N-confused expanded porphyrins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5028. [PMID: 37596257 PMCID: PMC10439157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As isomers of the regular porphyrins, N-confused porphyrins have attracted extensive attention of chemists because of their unique chemical structures, chemical reactivities, and physical properties, which result in their promising applications in the fields of catalytic chemistry, biochemistry and material science. Typically, N-confused porphyrins are synthesized via acid catalyzed condensation and following oxidation during which lactams are often formed as the byproducts. Here we report doubly N-confused and ring-contracted [24]hexaphyrin(1.1.0.1.1.0) mono- and bis-Pd-complexes as stable antiaromatic N-confused expanded porphyrins, which are synthesized through Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 1,14-dibromotripyrrin. These macrocycles show a paratropic ring currents, an ill-defined Soret band, a red-shifted weak absorption tail, and a small HOMO-LUMO gap. NBS bromination of the bis Pd-complex give its mono- and dibromides regioselectively, which are effectively used to synthesize a [24]hexaphyrin dimer and a NiII porphyrin-[24]hexaphyrin-NiII porphyrin triad, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Le Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Han Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China.
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32
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Takahashi M. Polysilyne chains bridged with beryllium lead to flat 2D Dirac materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13182. [PMID: 37580516 PMCID: PMC10425356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysilyne with repeating disilyne units, a silicon analogue of polyacetylene, has a high potential for application to various novel silicon-based electronic devices because of the unique properties of Si=Si units with a smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap than that of C=C units. However, one-dimensional (1D) polysilyne has not been synthesized yet. Here we propose a planar and air-stable two-dimensional (2D) silicon-based material with one-atom thickness consisting of beryllium-bridged 1D all-trans polysilyne, based on the first-principles calculations. The flat structure of 1D polysilyne, which is essential for the air stability of silicon π-electron conjugated systems, is realized by embedding polysilyne in a planar sheet. It was found that the 2D crystal optimized at the rhombus unit cell with the D2h group symmetry is a silicon-based Dirac semimetal with linear dispersion at the Fermi energy and hosts anisotropic Dirac fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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33
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Fiorentini F, Diment WT, Deacy AC, Kerr RWF, Faulkner S, Williams CK. Understanding catalytic synergy in dinuclear polymerization catalysts for sustainable polymers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4783. [PMID: 37553344 PMCID: PMC10409799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemistry underpinning intermetallic synergy and the discovery of generally applicable structure-performances relationships are major challenges in catalysis. Additionally, high-performance catalysts using earth-abundant, non-toxic and inexpensive elements must be prioritised. Here, a series of heterodinuclear catalysts of the form Co(III)M(I/II), where M(I/II) = Na(I), K(I), Ca(II), Sr(II), Ba(II) are evaluated for three different polymerizations, by assessment of rate constants, turn over frequencies, polymer selectivity and control. This allows for comparisons of performances both within and between catalysts containing Group I and II metals for CO2/propene oxide ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP), propene oxide/phthalic anhydride ROCOP and lactide ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The data reveal new structure-performance correlations that apply across all the different polymerizations: catalysts featuring s-block metals of lower Lewis acidity show higher rates and selectivity. The epoxide/heterocumulene ROCOPs both show exponential activity increases (vs. Lewis acidity, measured by the pKa of [M(OH2)m]n+), whilst the lactide ROP activity and CO2/epoxide selectivity show linear increases. Such clear structure-activity/selectivity correlations are very unusual, yet are fully rationalised by the polymerization mechanisms and the chemistry of the catalytic intermediates. The general applicability across three different polymerizations is significant for future exploitation of catalytic synergy and provides a framework to improve other catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arron C Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan W F Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Deng C, Liang J, Sun R, Wang Y, Fu PX, Wang BW, Gao S, Huang W. Accessing five oxidation states of uranium in a retained ligand framework. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4657. [PMID: 37537160 PMCID: PMC10400547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and exploiting the redox properties of uranium is of great importance because uranium has a wide range of possible oxidation states and holds great potential for small molecule activation and catalysis. However, it remains challenging to stabilise both low and high-valent uranium ions in a preserved ligand environment. Herein we report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of uranium(II-VI) complexes supported by a tripodal tris(amido)arene ligand. In addition, one- or two-electron redox transformations could be achieved with these compounds. Moreover, combined experimental and theoretical studies unveiled that the ambiphilic uranium-arene interactions are the key to balance the stabilisation of low and high-valent uranium, with the anchoring arene acting as a δ acceptor or a π donor. Our results reinforce the design strategy to incorporate metal-arene interactions in stabilising multiple oxidation states, and open up new avenues to explore the redox chemistry of uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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Pavlyuk N, Dmytriv G, Pavlyuk V, Ciesielski W, Rozdzynska-Kielbik B, Indris S, Ehrenberg H. A new ternary derivative of the Laves phases in the Mg-Co-Ga system. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2023; 79:255-262. [PMID: 37347139 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520623004511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structures of MgCoGa, Mg0.74CoGa0.52 and Mg0.49CoGa0.15 phases from the Mg-Co-Ga system were investigated using single-crystal diffraction. These structures belong to the family of so-called Laves phases. Hexagonal MgCoGa crystallizes as a disordered phase within the MgZn2 structure type. The orthorhombic structure of Mg0.74CoGa0.52 is a distortion variant of MgZn2 and URe2 structure type, and the structural relation is demonstrated in terms of a Bärnighausen formalism group-subgroup transformation scheme. The structure of trigonal phase Mg0.49CoGa0.15 is strongly disordered, as is shown by the presence of adjacent atomic sites which cannot be occupied simultaneously. In Mg0.49CoGa0.15, two subcells (A and B) were obtained in a ratio of 9:1. Subcell A is closely related to MgZn2-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Pavlyuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Grygoriy Dmytriv
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Pavlyuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Wojciech Ciesielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42200, Poland
| | - Beata Rozdzynska-Kielbik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42200, Poland
| | - Sylvio Indris
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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36
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Yang J, Li H, Zou H, Ding J. Polymer Nanoantidotes. Chemistry 2023:e202301107. [PMID: 37335074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication is one of the most common causes of accidental death globally. Although some antidotes capable of neutralizing the toxicity of certain xenobiotics have become well established, the current reality is that clinicians primarily rely on nonspecific extracorporeal techniques to remove toxins. Nano-intervention strategies in which nanoantidotes neutralize toxicity in situ via physical interaction, chemical bonding, or biomimetic clearance have begun to show clinical potential. However, most nanoantidotes remain in the proof-of-concept stage, and the difficulty of constructing clinical relevance models and the unclear pharmacokinetics of nanoantidotes hinder their translation to clinic. This Concept reviews the detoxification mechanisms of polymer nanoantidotes and predicts the opportunities and challenges associated with their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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37
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Han PF, Sun Q, Zhai HJ. Boron-Based Inverse Sandwich V 2B 7- Cluster: Double π/σ Aromaticity, Metal-Metal Bonding, and Chemical Analogy to Planar Hypercoordinate Molecular Wheels. Molecules 2023; 28:4721. [PMID: 37375276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse sandwich clusters composed of a monocyclic boron ring and two capping transition metal atoms are interesting alloy cluster systems, yet their chemical bonding nature has not been sufficiently elucidated to date. We report herein on the theoretical prediction of a new example of boron-based inverse sandwich alloy clusters, V2B7-, through computational global-minimum structure searches and quantum chemical calculations. This alloy cluster has a heptatomic boron ring as well as a perpendicular V2 dimer unit that penetrates through the ring. Chemical bonding analysis suggests that the inverse sandwich cluster is governed by globally delocalized 6π and 6σ frameworks, that is, double 6π/6σ aromaticity following the (4n + 2) Hückel rule. The skeleton B-B σ bonding in the cluster is shown not to be strictly Lewis-type two-center two-electron (2c-2e) σ bonds. Rather, these are quasi-Lewis-type, roof-like 4c-2e V-B2-V σ bonds, which amount to seven in total and cover the whole surface of inverse sandwich in a truly three-dimensional manner. Theoretical evidence is revealed for a 2c-2e Lewis σ single bond within the V2 dimer. Direct metal-metal bonding is scarce in inverse sandwich alloy clusters. The present inverse sandwich alloy cluster also offers a new type of electronic transmutation in physical chemistry, which helps establish an intriguing chemical analogy between inverse sandwich clusters and planar hypercoordinate molecular wheels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Han
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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38
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Jones RO, Elliott SR, Dronskowski R. The Myth of "Metavalency" in Phase-Change Materials. Adv Mater 2023:e2300836. [PMID: 37162226 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change memory materials (PCMs) have unusual properties and important applications, and recent efforts to find improved materials have focused on their bonding mechanisms. "Metavalent bonding" or "metavalency," intermediate between "metallic" and "covalent" bonding and comprising single-electron bonds, has been proposed as a fundamentally new mechanism that is relevant both here and for halide perovskite materials. However, it is shown that PCMs, which violate the octet rule, have two types of covalent bond: two-center, two-electron (2c-2e) bonds, and electron-rich, multicenter bonds (3c-4e bonds, hyperbonds) involving lone-pair electrons. The latter have bond orders less than one and are examples of the century-old concept of "partial" bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Jones
- Peter Grünberg Institut PGI-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephen R Elliott
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörper- und Quantenchemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
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39
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Khan AR, Awan NUH, Ghani MU, Eldin SM, Karamti H, Jawhari AH, Mukhrish YE. Fundamental Aspects of Skin Cancer Drugs via Degree-Based Chemical Bonding Topological Descriptors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093684. [PMID: 37175093 PMCID: PMC10179816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to significant advancements being made in the field of drug design, the use of topological descriptors remains the primary approach. When combined with QSPR models, descriptors illustrate a molecule's chemical properties numerically. Numbers relating to chemical composition topological indices are structures that link chemical composition to physical characteristics. This research concentrates on the analysis of curvilinear regression models and degree-based topological descriptors for thirteen skin cancer drugs. The physicochemical characteristics of the skin cancer drugs are examined while regression models are built for computed index values. An analysis is performed for several significant results based on the acquired data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rauf Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ul Hassan Awan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Institute of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hanen Karamti
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Jawhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 45142, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef E Mukhrish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 45142, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Gatin AK, Sarvadii SY, Dokhlikova NV, Ozerin SA, Kharitonov VA, Baimukhambetova D, Grishin MV. Less and Less Noble: Local Adsorption Properties of Supported Au, Ni, and Pt Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1365. [PMID: 37110950 PMCID: PMC10142233 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the local adsorption properties of gold, nickel, and platinum nanoparticles. A correlation was established between the chemical properties of massive and nanosized particles of these metals. The formation of a stable adsorption complex M-Aads on the nanoparticles' surface was described. It was shown that the difference in local adsorption properties is caused by specific contributions of nanoparticle charging, the deformation of its atomic lattice near the M-C interface, and the hybridization of the surface s- and p-states. The contribution of each factor to the formation of the M-Aads chemical bond was described in terms of the Newns-Anderson chemisorption model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey K. Gatin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRCCP RAS), Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Sarvadii
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRCCP RAS), Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Dokhlikova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRCCP RAS), Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Ozerin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRCCP RAS), Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy A. Kharitonov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRCCP RAS), Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dinara Baimukhambetova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRCCP RAS), Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University (MIPT), Institutskiy Pereulok 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Grishin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRCCP RAS), Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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41
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Han PF, Wang YJ, Feng LY, Gao SJ, Sun Q, Zhai HJ. Chemical Bonding and Dynamic Structural Fluxionality of a Boron-Based Na 5B 7 Sandwich Cluster. Molecules 2023; 28:3276. [PMID: 37050038 PMCID: PMC10096537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Doping alkali metals into boron clusters can effectively compensate for the intrinsic electron deficiency of boron and lead to interesting boron-based binary clusters, owing to the small electronegativity of the former elements. We report on the computational design of a three-layered sandwich cluster, Na5B7, on the basis of global-minimum (GM) searches and electronic structure calculations. It is shown that the Na5B7 cluster can be described as a charge-transfer complex: [Na4]2+[B7]3-[Na]+. In this sandwich cluster, the [B7]3- core assumes a molecular wheel in shape and features in-plane hexagonal coordination. The magic 6π/6σ double aromaticity underlies the stability of the [B7]3- molecular wheel, following the (4n + 2) Hückel rule. The tetrahedral Na4 ligand in the sandwich has a [Na4]2+ charge-state, which is the simplest example of three-dimensional aromaticity, spherical aromaticity, or superatom. Its 2σ electron counting renders σ aromaticity for the ligand. Overall, the sandwich cluster has three-fold 6π/6σ/2σ aromaticity. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that the sandwich cluster is dynamically fluxional even at room temperature, with a negligible energy barrier for intramolecular twisting between the B7 wheel and the Na4 ligand. The Na5B7 cluster offers a new example for dynamic structural fluxionality in molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Han
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Lin-Yan Feng
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Shu-Juan Gao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Bai LX, Guo JC. CAl 4X 4 (X = Te, Po): Double Aromatic Molecular Stars Containing Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Atoms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073280. [PMID: 37050043 PMCID: PMC10096394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) species are scarce and exotic. Introducing four peripheral Te/Po auxiliary atoms is an effective strategy to flatten the tetrahedral structure of CAl4 (Td, 1A1). Neutral CAl4X4 (X = Te, Po) clusters possess quadrangular star structures containing perfect ptC centers. Unbiased density functional theory (DFT) searches and high-level CCSD(T) calculations suggest that these ptC species are the global minima on the potential energy surfaces. Bonding analyses indicate that 40 valence-electron (VE) is ideal for the ptC CAl4X4 (X = Te, Po): one delocalized π and three σ bonds for the CAl4 core; four lone pairs (LPs) of four X atoms, eight localized Al-X σ bonds, and four delocalized Al-X-Al π bonds for the periphery. Thus, the ptC CAl4X4 (X = Te, Po) clusters possess the stable eight electron structures and 2π + 6σ double aromaticity. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations indicate that neutral ptC CAl4X4 (X = Te, Po) clusters are robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Bai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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43
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Pal R, Chattaraj PK. On the Nature of the Partial Covalent Bond between Noble Gas Elements and Noble Metal Atoms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073253. [PMID: 37050016 PMCID: PMC10096529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the nature of bonding between noble gases (Ng) and noble metals (M) from a quantum chemical perspective by investigating compounds such as NgMY (Y=CN, O, NO3, SO4, CO3), [NgM-(bipy)]+, NgMCCH, and MCCNgH complexes, where M=Cu, Ag, Au and Ng=Kr-Rn, with some complexes containing the lighter noble gas atoms as well. Despite having very low chemical reactivity, noble gases have been observed to form weak bonds with noble metals such as copper, gold, and silver. In this study, we explore the factors that contribute to this unusual bonding behavior, including the electronic structure of the atoms involved and the geometric configuration of the concerned fragments. We also investigate the metastable nature of the resulting complexes by studying the energetics of their possible dissociation and internal isomerization channels. The noble gas-binding ability of the bare metal cyanides are higher than most of their bromide counterparts, with CuCN and AgCN showing higher affinity than their chloride analogues as well. In contrast, the oxides seem to have lower binding power than their corresponding halides. In the oxide and the bipyridyl complexes, the Ng-binding ability follows the order Au > Cu > Ag. The dissociation energies calculated, considering the zero-point energy correction for possible dissociation channels, increase as we move down the noble gas group. The bond between the noble gases and the noble metals in the complexes are found to have comparable weightage of orbital and electrostatic interactions, suggestive of a partial covalent nature. The same is validated from the topological analysis of electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Guerra C, Ayarde-Henríquez L, Rodríguez-Núñez YA, Ensuncho A, Chamorro E. Elucidating the N-N and C-N Bond-breaking Mechanism in the Photoinduced Formation of Nitrile Imine. Chemphyschem 2023:e202200867. [PMID: 36958939 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we revealed the significance of chemical bonding for the photochemically induced mechanism of 2-phenyl tetrazole derivatives generating nitrile imines. The correlated electron localization function shows that the formation of imine nitrile involves two key bond events: (i) the heterolytic C-N breakage taking place in the T1 state and (ii) the homolytic N-N rupture occurring in the T2 excited state. In particular, a cation-radical specie results from the C-N cleavage, whereas the N-N rupture creates a biradical resonant form of imine nitrile. Additionally, we noticed that the substantial pair delocalization of the C-C-N bonded structure could play a significant role in the conversion of the biradical imine nitrile into both the propargylic and allenic forms via the T1 →S0 deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Guerra
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago de Chile., Chile
- Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de Química Computacional., Carrera 6 No., 77-305, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago de Chile., Chile
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, School of Physics, College Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Yeray A Rodríguez-Núñez
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Adolfo Ensuncho
- Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de Química Computacional., Carrera 6 No., 77-305, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Chamorro
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago de Chile., Chile
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45
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Li L, Wu R, Ma H, Cheng B, Rao S, Lin S, Xu C, Li L, Ding Y, Mai L. Toward the High-Performance Lithium Primary Batteries by Chemically Modified Fluorinate Carbon with δ-MnO 2. Small 2023:e2300762. [PMID: 36950757 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Li/CFx battery is one of the most promising lithium primary batteries (LPBs) which yields the highest energy density but with poor rate capability. This Achilles'' heel hinders the large-scale applications of Li/CFx batteries. This work first reports a facile chemical modification method of CFx with δ-MnO2 . Having benefited from the chemical bonding, the electrochemical performance at high-rate discharge is remarkably enhanced without compromising the specific capacity. The coin cells exhibit an energy density of 1.94 × 103 Wh kg-1 at 0.2 C, which is approaching the theoretical energy density of commercial fluorinated graphite (2.07 × 103 Wh kg-1 ). A power density of 5.49 × 104 W kg-1 at 40 C associated with an energy density of 4.39 × 102 Wh kg-1 , which is among the highest value of Li/CFx batteries, are obtained. Besides, the punch batteries achieve an ultrahigh power density of 4.39 × 104 W kg-1 with an energy density of 7.60 × 102 Wh kg-1 at 30 C. The intrinsic reasons for this outstanding electrochemical performance, which are known as the fast Li+ diffusion kinetics guided by thin δ-MnO2 flakes and the low formation energy barrier caused by chemical bonding, are explored by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhe Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Hancheng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Cheng
- Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion, Wuhan, 430064, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion, Wuhan, 430064, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion, Wuhan, 430064, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hainan Institute, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572000, P. R. China
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46
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Kirkland JK, Johnson SK, Vogiatzis KD. Computational investigation of functionalized carbenes on dinitrogen activation. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:832-842. [PMID: 36480003 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the dinitrogen triple bond is a crucial step in the overall fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for industrial and biological applications. Current synthetic catalysts incorporate metal ions to facilitate the activation and cleavage of dinitrogen. The high price of metal-based catalysts and the challenge of catalyst recovery during industrial catalytic processes has led to increasing interest in metal-free catalysts. One step toward metal-free catalysis is the use of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). In this study, we have examined 18 functionalized carbenes as FLPs to elucidate the influence of steric and electronic effects on the activation of dinitrogen. To test the effects of functionalization on dinitrogen activation, we have performed density functional theory (DFT), multireference, non and extended transition state-natural orbital for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) calculations. Our results suggest that functional groups which introduce strong electron-withdrawing effects and/or engage in extended π/π* systems lead to the lowering of the dissociation energy of the dinitrogen bond, which further contributes to greater nitrogen activation. We conjecture that these effects are due to enhanced back-bonding capability of the p orbital of the carbene carbon atoms to the adjacent nitrogen atoms (increasing Lewis basicity of the carbene carbon atom) and enhanced stability of dissociated products. Our concluding remarks include opportunities to extend this activation study to explore the entire catalytic cycle with promising functionalized carbenes for experimental evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Kirkland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sophia K Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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47
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Peerless B, Schmidt A, Franzke YJ, Dehnen S. φ-Aromaticity in prismatic {Bi(6)}-based clusters. Nat Chem 2023; 15:347-56. [PMID: 36550232 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of aromaticity in organic molecules is widely accepted, but its occurrence in purely metallic systems is less widespread. Molecules comprising only metal atoms (M) are known to be able to exhibit aromatic behaviour, sustaining ring currents inside an external magnetic field along M-M connection axes (σ-aromaticity) or above and below the plane (π-aromaticity) for cyclic or cage-type compounds. However, all-metal compounds provide an extension of the electrons' mobility also in other directions. Here, we show that regular {Bi6} prisms exhibit a non-localizable molecular orbital of f-type symmetry and generate a strong ring current that leads to a behaviour referred to as φ-aromaticity. The experimentally observed heterometallic cluster [{CpRu}3Bi6]-, based on a regular prismatic {Bi6} unit, displays aromatic behaviour; according to quantum chemical calculations, the corresponding hypothetical Bi62- prism shows a similar behaviour. By contrast, [{(cod)Ir}3Bi6] features a distorted Bi6 moiety that inhibits φ-aromaticity.
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48
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Sun Y, Zhao L, Pickard CJ, Hemley RJ, Zheng Y, Miao M. Chemical interactions that govern the structures of metals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218405120. [PMID: 36787368 PMCID: PMC9974499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218405120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most metals adopt simple structures such as body-centered cubic (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures in specific groupings across the periodic table, and many undergo transitions to surprisingly complex structures on compression, not expected from conventional free-electron-based theories of metals. First-principles calculations have been able to reproduce many observed structures and transitions, but a unified, predictive theory that underlies this behavior is not yet in hand. Discovered by analyzing the electronic properties of metals in various lattices over a broad range of sizes and geometries, a remarkably simple theory shows that the stability of metal structures is governed by electrons occupying local interstitial orbitals and their strong chemical interactions. The theory provides a basis for understanding and predicting structures in solid compounds and alloys over a broad range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA91330
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu610500, PR China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu610054, PR China
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Russell J. Hemley
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu610054, PR China
| | - Maosheng Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA91330
- Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
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49
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Luy JN, Henkel P, Grigjanis D, Jung J, Mollenhauer D, Tonner-Zech R. Bonding character of intermediates in on-surface Ullmann reactions revealed with energy decomposition analysis. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:179-189. [PMID: 35397119 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has become a thriving topic in surface science. The Ullmann coupling reaction is the most applied synthetic route today, but the nature of the organometallic intermediate is still under discussion. We investigate the bonding nature of prototypical intermediate species (phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, and triphenylenyl) on the Cu(111) surface with a combination of plane wave and atomic orbital basis set methods using density functional theory calculations with periodic boundary conditions. The surface bonding is shown to be of covalent nature with a polarized shared-electron bond supported by π-back donation effects using energy decomposition analysis for extended systems (pEDA). The bond angle of the intermediates is determined by balancing dispersion attraction and Pauli repulsion between adsorbate and surface. The latter can be significantly reduced by adatoms on the surface. We furthermore investigate how to choose computational parameters for pEDA of organic adsorbates on metal surfaces efficiently and show that bonding interpretation requires consistent choice of the density functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niclas Luy
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Henkel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Grigjanis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Jung
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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50
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Bai LX, Guo JC. σ-Aromatic MAl 6S 6 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) Stars Containing Planar Hexacoordinate Transition Metals. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030942. [PMID: 36770609 PMCID: PMC9920543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercoordinate transition-metal species are mainly dominated by the 18-valence-electron (18ve) counting. Herein, we report ternary MAl6S6 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) clusters with the planar hexacoordinate metal (phM) centers, which feature 16ve counting instead of the classic 18ve rule. These global-minimum clusters are established via unbiased global searches, followed by PBE0 and single-point CCSD(T) calculations. The phM MAl6 units are stabilized by six peripheral bridging S atoms in these star-like species. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that there are 10 delocalized electrons around the phM center, which can render the aromaticity according to the (4n + 2) Hückel rule. It is worth noting that adding an (or two) electron(s) to its π-type lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) will make the system unstable.
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