1
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Ma X, Yin Z, Li H, Guo J. Roles of herbivorous insects salivary proteins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29201. [PMID: 38601688 PMCID: PMC11004886 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between herbivorous insects and plants has evolved over millions of years, central to this dynamic interaction are salivary proteins (SPs), which mediate key processes ranging from nutrient acquisition to plant defense manipulation. SPs, sourced from salivary glands, intestinal regurgitation or acquired through horizontal gene transfer, exhibit remarkable functional versatility, influencing insect development, behavior, and adhesion mechanisms. Moreover, SPs play pivotal roles in modulating plant defenses, to induce or inhibit plant defenses as elicitors or effectors. In this review, we delve into the multifaceted roles of SPs in herbivorous insects, highlighting their diverse impacts on insect physiology and plant responses. Through a comprehensive exploration of SP functions, this review aims to deepen our understanding of plant-insect interactions and foster advancements in both fundamental research and practical applications in plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
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2
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Miyata A, Ito S, Fujinami D. Structure Prediction and Genome Mining-Aided Discovery of the Bacterial C-Terminal Tryptophan Prenyltransferase PalQ. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307372. [PMID: 38059776 PMCID: PMC10853753 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational prenylations, found in eukaryotic primary metabolites and bacterial secondary metabolites, play crucial roles in biomolecular interactions. Employing genome mining methods combined with AlphaFold2-based predictions of protein interactions, PalQ , a prenyltransferase responsible for the tryptophan prenylation of RiPPs produced by Paenibacillus alvei, is identified. PalQ differs from cyanobactin prenyltransferases because of its evolutionary relationship to isoprene synthases, which enables PalQ to transfer extended prenyl chains to the indole C3 position. This prenylation introduces structural diversity to the tryptophan side chain and also leads to conformational dynamics in the peptide backbone, attributed to the cis/trans isomerization that arises from the formation of a pyrrolidine ring. Additionally, PalQ exhibited pronounced positional selectivity for the C-terminal tryptophan. Such enzymatic characteristics offer a toolkit for peptide therapeutic lipidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Miyata
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Shizuoka52‐1 Yada, Suruga‐kuShizuoka422‐8526Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Shizuoka52‐1 Yada, Suruga‐kuShizuoka422‐8526Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujinami
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Shizuoka52‐1 Yada, Suruga‐kuShizuoka422‐8526Japan
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3
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Peng J, Hughes GR, Müller MM, Seebeck FP. Enzymatic Fluoromethylation as a Tool for ATP-Independent Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312104. [PMID: 37955592 PMCID: PMC10952888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases are involved in countless biological processes, including signal transduction, epigenetics, natural product biosynthesis, and detoxification. Only a handful of carboxylate methyltransferases have evolved to participate in amide bond formation. In this report we show that enzyme-catalyzed F-methylation of carboxylate substrates produces F-methyl esters that readily react with N- or S-nucleophiles under physiological conditions. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach to the synthesis of small amides, hydroxamates, and thioesters, as well as to site-specific protein modification and native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Peng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
| | - Gregory R. Hughes
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Manuel M. Müller
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
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4
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Peng J, Hughes GR, Müller MM, Seebeck FP. Enzymatic Fluoromethylation as a Tool for ATP-Independent Ligation. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 136:e202312104. [PMID: 38516647 PMCID: PMC10952241 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202312104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases are involved in countless biological processes, including signal transduction, epigenetics, natural product biosynthesis, and detoxification. Only a handful of carboxylate methyltransferases have evolved to participate in amide bond formation. In this report we show that enzyme-catalyzed F-methylation of carboxylate substrates produces F-methyl esters that readily react with N- or S-nucleophiles under physiological conditions. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach to the synthesis of small amides, hydroxamates, and thioesters, as well as to site-specific protein modification and native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Peng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
| | - Gregory R. Hughes
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Manuel M. Müller
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House7 Trinity StreetSE1 1DBLondonUK
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24a4002BaselSwitzerland
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5
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Myšková A, Sýkora D, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Lipidization as a tool toward peptide therapeutics. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2284685. [PMID: 38010881 PMCID: PMC10987053 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, as potential therapeutics continue to gain importance in the search for active substances for the treatment of numerous human diseases, some of which are, to this day, incurable. As potential therapeutic drugs, peptides have many favorable chemical and pharmacological properties, starting with their great diversity, through their high affinity for binding to all sort of natural receptors, and ending with the various pathways of their breakdown, which produces nothing but amino acids that are nontoxic to the body. Despite these and other advantages, however, they also have their pitfalls. One of these disadvantages is the very low stability of natural peptides. They have a short half-life and tend to be cleared from the organism very quickly. Their instability in the gastrointestinal tract, makes it impossible to administer peptidic drugs orally. To achieve the best pharmacologic effect, it is desirable to look for ways of modifying peptides that enable the use of these substances as pharmaceuticals. There are many ways to modify peptides. Herein we summarize the approaches that are currently in use, including lipidization, PEGylation, glycosylation and others, focusing on lipidization. We describe how individual types of lipidization are achieved and describe their advantages and drawbacks. Peptide modifications are performed with the goal of reaching a longer half-life, reducing immunogenicity and improving bioavailability. In the case of neuropeptides, lipidization aids their activity in the central nervous system after the peripheral administration. At the end of our review, we summarize all lipidized peptide-based drugs that are currently on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Myšková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Wu H, Sun Z, Li X. N,O-Benzylidene Acetal Dipeptides (NBDs) Enable the Synthesis of Difficult Peptides via a Kinked Backbone Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310624. [PMID: 37694822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteins with highly hydrophobic regions or aggregation-prone sequences are typically difficult targets for chemical synthesis at the current stage, as obtaining such type of peptides via solid-phase peptide synthesis requires sophisticated operations. Herein, we report N,O-benzylidene acetal dipeptides (NBDs) as robust and effective building blocks to allow the direct synthesis of difficult peptides and proteins via a kinked backbone strategy. The effectiveness and easy accessibility of NBDs have been well demonstrated in our chemical syntheses of various challenging peptides and proteins, including chemokine, therapeutic hormones, histone, and glycosylated erythropoietin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhenquan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
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7
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Ma W, Liu H, Li X. Chemical Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins Bearing Base-Labile Post-Translational Modifications: Evolution of the Methods in Four Decades. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300348. [PMID: 37380612 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The S-palmitoylation on Cys residue and O-acetylation on Ser/Thr residues are two types of base-labile post-translational modifications (PTMs) in cells. The lability of these PTMs to bases and nucleophiles makes the peptides/proteins bearing S-palmitoyl or O-acetyl groups challenging synthetic targets, which cannot be prepared via the standard Fmoc-SPPS and native chemical ligation. In this review, we summarized the efforts towards their preparation in the past 40 years, with the focus on the evolution of synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Maxwell JWC, Hawkins PME, Watson EE, Payne RJ. Exploiting Chemical Protein Synthesis to Study the Role of Tyrosine Sulfation on Anticoagulants from Hematophagous Organisms. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2688-2699. [PMID: 37708351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that modulates function by mediating key protein-protein interactions. One of the early proteins shown to possess this PTM was hirudin, produced in the salivary glands of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis, whereby tyrosine sulfation led to a ∼10-fold improvement in α-thrombin inhibitory activity. Outside of this pioneering discovery, the involvement of tyrosine sulfation in modulating the activity of salivary proteins from other hematophagous organisms was unknown. We hypothesized that the intrinsic instability of the tyrosine sulfate functionality, particularly under the acidic conditions used to isolate and analyze peptides and proteins, has led to poor detection during the isolation and/or expression of these molecules.Herein, we summarize our efforts to interrogate the functional role of tyrosine sulfation in the thrombin inhibitory and anticoagulant activity of salivary peptides and proteins from a range of different blood feeding organisms, including leeches, ticks, mosquitoes, and flies. Specifically, we have harnessed synthetic chemistry to efficiently generate homogeneously sulfated peptides and proteins for detailed structure-function studies both in vitro and in vivo.Our studies began with the leech protein hirudin P6 (from Hirudinaria manillensis), which is both sulfated on tyrosine and O-glycosylated at a nearby threonine residue. Synthetically, this was achieved through solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) with a late-stage on-resin sulfation, followed by native chemical ligation and a folding step to generate six differentially modified variants of hirudin P6 to assess the functional interplay between O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation. A one-pot, kinetically controlled ligation of three peptide fragments was used to assemble homogeneously sulfoforms of madanin-1 and chimadanin from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Dual tyrosine sulfation at two distinct sites was shown to increase the thrombin inhibitory activity by up to 3 orders of magnitude through a novel interaction with exosite II of thrombin. The diselenide-selenoester ligation developed by our lab provided us with a means to rapidly assemble a library of different sulfated tick anticoagulant proteins: the andersonins, hyalomins, madanin-like proteins, and hemeathrins, thus enabling the generation of key structure-activity data on this family of proteins. We have also confirmed the presence of tyrosine sulfation in the anticoagulant proteins of Anopheles mosquitoes (anophelins) and the Tsetse fly (TTI) via insect expression and mass spectrometric analysis. These molecules were subsequently synthesized and assessed for thrombin inhibitory and anticoagulant activity. Activity was significantly improved by the addition of tyrosine sulfate modifications and led to molecules with potent antithrombotic activity in an in vivo murine thrombosis model.The Account concludes with our most recent work on the design of trivalent hybrids that tandemly occupy the active site and both exosites (I and II) of α-thrombin, with a TTI-anophelin hybrid (Ki = 20 fM against α-thrombin) being one of the most potent protease inhibitors and anticoagulants ever generated. Taken together, this Account highlights the importance of the tyrosine sulfate post-translational modification within salivary proteins from blood feeding organisms for enhancing anticoagulant activity. This work lays the foundation for exploiting native or engineered variants as therapeutic leads for thrombotic disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W C Maxwell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paige M E Hawkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Emma E Watson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Wei T, Liu J, Li C, Tan Y, Wei R, Wang J, Wu H, Li Q, Liu H, Tang Y, Li X. Revealing the extracellular function of HMGB1 N-terminal region acetylation assisted by a protein semi-synthesis approach. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10297-10307. [PMID: 37772093 PMCID: PMC10530822 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) is a non-histone chromatin-associated protein that has been widely reported as a representative damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and to play a pivotal role in the proinflammatory process once it is in an extracellular location. Accumulating evidence has shown that HMGB1 undergoes extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) that actively regulate its conformation, localization, and intermolecular interactions. However, fully characterizing the functional implications of these PTMs has been challenging due to the difficulty in accessing homogeneous HMGB1 with site-specific PTMs of interest. In this study, we developed a streamlined protein semi-synthesis strategy via salicylaldehyde ester-mediated chemical ligations (Ser/Thr ligation and Cys/Pen ligation, STL/CPL). This methodology enabled us to generate a series of N-terminal region acetylated HMGB1 proteins. Further studies revealed that acetylation regulates HMGB1-heparin interaction and modulates HMGB1's stability against thrombin, representing a regulatory switch to control HMGB1's extracellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jinzheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Qingrong Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Yubo Tang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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10
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Gamage RS, Chasteen JL, Smith BD. Lipophilic Anchors that Embed Bioconjugates in Bilayer Membranes: A Review. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:961-971. [PMID: 37276240 PMCID: PMC10823363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of biomaterials and engineered cell surfaces are composed of bioconjugates embedded in liposome membranes, surface-immobilized bilayers, or the plasma membranes of living cells. This review article summarizes the various ways that Nature anchors integral and peripheral proteins in a cell membrane and describes the strategies devised by chemical biologists to label a membrane protein in living cells. Also discussed are modern synthetic and semisynthetic methods to produce lipidated proteins. Subsequent sections describe methods to anchor a three-component synthetic construct that is composed of a lipophilic membrane anchor, hydrophilic linker, and exposed functional component. The surface exposed payload can be a fluorophore, aptamer, oligonucleotide, polypeptide, peptide nucleic acid, polysaccharide, branched dendrimer, or linear polymer. Hydrocarbon chains are commonly used as the membrane anchor, and a general experimental trend is that a two chain lipid anchor has higher membrane affinity than a cholesteryl or single chain lipid anchor. Amphiphilic fluorescent dyes are effective molecular probes for cell membrane imaging and a zwitterionic linker between the fluorophore and the lipid anchor promotes high persistence in the plasma membrane of living cells. A relatively new advance is the development of switchable membrane anchors as molecular tools for fundamental studies or as technology platforms for applied biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya S Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jordan L Chasteen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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11
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Wu H, Tan Y, Ngai WL, Li X. Total synthesis of interleukin-2 via a tunable backbone modification strategy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1582-1589. [PMID: 36794182 PMCID: PMC9906654 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of hydrophobic proteins presents a formidable task as they are often difficultly achieved via peptide synthesis, purification, and peptide ligation. Thus, peptide solubilizing strategies are needed to integrate with peptide ligation to achieve protein total synthesis. Herein, we report a tunable backbone modification strategy, taking advantage of the tunable stability of the Cys/Pen ligation intermediate, which allows for readily introducing a solubilizing tag for both peptide purification and ligation processes. The effectiveness of this strategy was demonstrated by the chemical synthesis of interleukin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Wai Lok Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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12
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Uchida K, Obayashi H, Minamihata K, Wakabayashi R, Goto M, Shimokawa N, Takagi M, Kamiya N. Artificial Palmitoylation of Proteins Controls the Lipid Domain-Selective Anchoring on Biomembranes and the Raft-Dependent Cellular Internalization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9640-9648. [PMID: 35882009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation, a post-translational modification, is universally observed in eukaryotic cells. The localization of palmitoylated proteins to highly dynamic, sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich microdomains (called lipid rafts) on the plasma membrane has been shown to play an important role in signal transduction in cells. However, this complex biological system is not yet completely understood. Here, we used a combined approach where an artificial lipidated protein was applied to biomimetic model membranes and plasma membranes in cells to illuminate chemical and physiological properties of the rafts. Using cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles, we demonstrated the selective partitioning of enhanced green fluorescent protein modified with a C-terminal palmitoyl moiety (EGFP-Pal) into the liquid-ordered phase consisting of saturated phospholipids and cholesterol. Using Jurkat T cells treated with an immunostimulant (concanavalin A), we observed the vesicular transport of EGFP-Pal. Further cellular studies with the treatment of methyl β-cyclodextrin revealed the cholesterol-dependent internalization of EGFP-Pal, which can be explained by a raft-dependent, caveolae-mediated endocytic pathway. The present synthetic approach using artificial and natural membrane systems can be further extended to explore the potential utility of artificially lipidated proteins at biological and artificial interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroki Obayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naofumi Shimokawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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13
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Hossain MS, Zhang Z, Ashok S, Jenks AR, Lynch CJ, Hougland JL, Mozhdehi D. Temperature-Responsive Nano-Biomaterials from Genetically Encoded Farnesylated Disordered Proteins. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1846-1856. [PMID: 35044146 PMCID: PMC9115796 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite broad interest in understanding the biological implications of protein farnesylation in regulating different facets of cell biology, the use of this post-translational modification to develop protein-based materials and therapies remains underexplored. The progress has been slow due to the lack of accessible methodologies to generate farnesylated proteins with broad physicochemical diversities rapidly. This limitation, in turn, has hindered the empirical elucidation of farnesylated proteins' sequence-structure-function rules. To address this gap, we genetically engineered prokaryotes to develop operationally simple, high-yield biosynthetic routes to produce farnesylated proteins and revealed determinants of their emergent material properties (nano-aggregation and phase-behavior) using scattering, calorimetry, and microscopy. These outcomes foster the development of farnesylated proteins as recombinant therapeutics or biomaterials with molecularly programmable assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Sudhat Ashok
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ashley R. Jenks
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Christopher J. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - James L. Hougland
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Davoud Mozhdehi
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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14
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Kulkarni SS, Watson EE, Maxwell JWC, Niederacher G, Johansen‐Leete J, Huhmann S, Mukherjee S, Norman AR, Kriegesmann J, Becker CFW, Payne RJ. Expressed Protein Selenoester Ligation. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202200163. [PMID: 38505698 PMCID: PMC10947028 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development and application of a novel expressed protein selenoester ligation (EPSL) methodology for the one-pot semi-synthesis of modified proteins. EPSL harnesses the rapid kinetics of ligation reactions between modified synthetic selenopeptides and protein aryl selenoesters (generated from expressed intein fusion precursors) followed by in situ chemoselective deselenization to afford target proteins at concentrations that preclude the use of traditional ligation methods. The utility of the EPSL technology is showcased through the efficient semi-synthesis of ubiquitinated polypeptides, lipidated analogues of the membrane-associated GTPase YPT6, and site-specifically phosphorylated variants of the oligomeric chaperone protein Hsp27 at high dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S. Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Emma E. Watson
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Joshua W. C. Maxwell
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jason Johansen‐Leete
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Susanne Huhmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander R. Norman
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia
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15
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Kulkarni SS, Watson EE, Maxwell JWC, Niederacher G, Johansen-Leete J, Huhmann S, Mukherjee S, Norman AR, Kriegesmann J, Becker CFW, Payne RJ. Expressed Protein Selenoester Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200163. [PMID: 35194928 PMCID: PMC9314092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development and application of a novel expressed protein selenoester ligation (EPSL) methodology for the one‐pot semi‐synthesis of modified proteins. EPSL harnesses the rapid kinetics of ligation reactions between modified synthetic selenopeptides and protein aryl selenoesters (generated from expressed intein fusion precursors) followed by in situ chemoselective deselenization to afford target proteins at concentrations that preclude the use of traditional ligation methods. The utility of the EPSL technology is showcased through the efficient semi‐synthesis of ubiquitinated polypeptides, lipidated analogues of the membrane‐associated GTPase YPT6, and site‐specifically phosphorylated variants of the oligomeric chaperone protein Hsp27 at high dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Emma E Watson
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joshua W C Maxwell
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jason Johansen-Leete
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Susanne Huhmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander R Norman
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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16
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Wang N, Lin JY, Luo SH, Zhou YJ, Yang K, Chen RH, Yang GX, Wang ZY. Furanonyl amino acid derivatives as hemostatic drugs: design, synthesis and hemostasis performance. Amino Acids 2022; 54:989-999. [PMID: 35305164 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Using 3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanones and easily available hemostatic drugs, such as tranexamic acid (TA), 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid (ABA), aminocaproic acid (AA) as starting materials, serial multi-functional molecules 2(5H)-furanonyl amino acids are designed by the combination of different pharmacophores, and successfully synthesized by a transition metal-free Michael addition-elimination reaction. The reaction is carried out under mild conditions with ethanol-dichloromethane as solvent and only stirring at room temperature for 24 h, and the yield can be up to 91%. All products are well characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS). Ten typical target compounds among them are selected out for the experiments of hemostasis performance by the evaluation of in vitro clot formation model and liver hemorrhage model. The test results show that, their hemostasis effect is better than the original drugs. Especially the target compound G, a TA derivative from 5-borneoloxy-3,4-dibromo-2(5H)-furanone, has the best hemostasis effect among all the tested compounds. These obtained target molecules are expected to be used as multi-functional hemostatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yun Lin
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Jun Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ren-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Xian Yang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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