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Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Deka D, Malakar H, Saikia J, Rahman FH, Maiti CS, Sarkar A, Handique JG, Kanrar B, Singh AK, Karak T. Pollution indices of selected metals in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) growing soils of the Upper Assam region divulge a non-trifling menace of National Highway. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170737. [PMID: 38340860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the influence of a National Highway (NH) traversing tea estates (TEs) on heavy metal (HM) contamination in the top soils of Upper Assam, India. The dispersion and accumulation of six HMs, viz. cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), within tea-growing soils were assessed using diverse indices: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), modified degree of contamination (MDC), Nemerow pollution index (PINemerow), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk factor (Eri), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The order of HM prevalence was Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd. Elevated Cd levels near the NH prompted immediate attention, while Cd and Zn showed moderate pollution in CF, EF, and RI. The remaining metals posed minimal individual risk (Eri< 40), resulting in an overall contamination range of "nil to shallow," signifying slight contamination from the studied metals. From MDC values for investigated metals, it was found to be "zero to very low degree of contamination" at all locations except the vicinity of NH. Soil pollution, as determined by PLI, indicated unpolluted soils in both districts, yet PINemerow values indicated slight pollution. The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant decrease in most of the indices of HM as the distance from NH increases. The application of multivariate statistical techniques namely Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis showed the presence of three distinct homogenous groups of distances based on different indices. This investigation underscores NH-associated anthropogenic effects on TE soil quality due to HM deposition, warranting proactive mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, 786101 Dibrugarh, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- North Bank Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Thakurbari 784 503, Assam, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara, 785008 Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Feroze Hasan Rahman
- ICAR-NBSS and LUP, Regional Center Kolkata, Block DK, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - C S Maiti
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | | | - Bappaditya Kanrar
- TLabs, Tea Research Association, Kolkata 700 016, West Bengal, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India.
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Kumar P, Roy A, Mukul SJ, Singh AK, Singh DK, Nalli A, Banerjee P, Babu KSD, Raman B, Kruparani SP, Siddiqi I, Sankaranarayanan R. A translation proofreader of archaeal origin imparts multi-aldehyde stress tolerance to land plants. eLife 2024; 12:RP92827. [PMID: 38372335 PMCID: PMC10942605 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes, being an integral part of carbon metabolism, energy generation, and signalling pathways, are ingrained in plant physiology. Land plants have developed intricate metabolic pathways which involve production of reactive aldehydes and its detoxification to survive harsh terrestrial environments. Here, we show that physiologically produced aldehydes, i.e., formaldehyde and methylglyoxal in addition to acetaldehyde, generate adducts with aminoacyl-tRNAs, a substrate for protein synthesis. Plants are unique in possessing two distinct chiral proofreading systems, D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase1 (DTD1) and DTD2, of bacterial and archaeal origins, respectively. Extensive biochemical analysis revealed that only archaeal DTD2 can remove the stable D-aminoacyl adducts on tRNA thereby shielding archaea and plants from these system-generated aldehydes. Using Arabidopsis as a model system, we have shown that the loss of DTD2 gene renders plants susceptible to these toxic aldehydes as they generate stable alkyl modification on D-aminoacyl-tRNAs, which are recycled only by DTD2. Bioinformatic analysis identifies the expansion of aldehyde metabolising repertoire in land plant ancestors which strongly correlates with the recruitment of archaeal DTD2. Finally, we demonstrate that the overexpression of DTD2 offers better protection against aldehydes than in wild type Arabidopsis highlighting its role as a multi-aldehyde detoxifier that can be explored as a transgenic crop development strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR–CCMB CampusHyderabadIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Ankit Roy
- CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadIndia
| | - Shivapura Jagadeesha Mukul
- CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR–CCMB CampusHyderabadIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | | | - Aswan Nalli
- CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadIndia
| | | | | | | | | | - Imran Siddiqi
- CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR–CCMB CampusHyderabadIndia
| | - Rajan Sankaranarayanan
- CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR–CCMB CampusHyderabadIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
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Shah M, Noronha V, Patil V, Menon N, Singh AK, Shah A, Kumar P, Roychoudhary O, Peelay Z, Janu A, Purandare N, Chakrabarty N, Patil V, Kaushal R, Shetty O, Pai T, Chandrani P, Chougule A, Prabhash K. The Role of Systemic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:128-129. [PMID: 38097463 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - O Roychoudhary
- Biostatistics, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Z Peelay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Janu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Purandare
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Chakrabarty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Patil
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - O Shetty
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T Pai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Chandrani
- Department of Medical Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Chougule
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Gulati P, Singh AK, Yadav AK, Pasbola K, Pandey P, Sharma R, Thakar A, Solanki PR. Nano-modified screen-printed electrode-based electrochemical immunosensors for oral cancer biomarker detection in undiluted human serum and saliva samples. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:705-721. [PMID: 38235076 PMCID: PMC10791120 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00682d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This proposed work reports the development of in-house made conductive ink-based screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for label-free detection of oral cancer biomarkers. Carbon ink synthesis includes graphite powder, gum arabic, and water. The selectivity test of the fabricated SPE involves immobilizing antibodies specific to biomarkers and challenges with redox-active interference, other serum molecules, and non-target biomarkers. Three different biomarkers, cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor protein p53 (TP-53), act as target entities for the detection of oral cancer in patients' samples (serum, N = 28, and saliva, N = 16) at an early stage. The standard technique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to estimate the concentration of the biomarkers in serum and saliva samples. SPEs contain amine (-NH2) functional groups involved in covalent bonding with the carboxyl (-COOH) groups of antibody molecules. These immunosensors exhibited remarkably lower detection limits of 829.5 pg mL-1, 0.543 pg mL-1, and 1.165 pg mL-1, and excellent sensitivity of 0.935 μA mL pg-1 cm-1, 0.039 μA mL pg-1 cm-1, and 0.008 μA mL pg-1 cm-1 for CYFRA 21-1, IL-8, and TP-53 biomarkers, respectively. This sensing platform does not require any functionalization for biomolecule immobilization. Thus, it is a cost-effective, disposable, flexible, miniaturized, and sensitive strip to detect oral cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gulati
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Amit K Yadav
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Kiran Pasbola
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University India
| | - Prerna Pandey
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University India
| | - Rinu Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University India
| | - Alok Thakar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
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Yadav LP, Gangadhara K, Apparao VV, Yadav V, Mishra DS, Singh AK, Rane J, Kaushik P, Janani P, Kumar R, Verma AK, Kumar S, Malhotra SK, Shekhawat N. Genetic diversity, morphological traits, quality traits and antioxidants potentiality of Coccinia grandis germplasm under rainfed semi-arid region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:868. [PMID: 38195737 PMCID: PMC10776759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for morphological and qualitative traits of Coccinia for development of trait specific lines at ICAR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CIAH-RS), Panchmahals (Godhra), Gujarat during 2020-2022. In this study, we evaluated 26 gynoecious accessions to assess the genetic divergence through principal component and cluster analysis. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed semi-arid conditions. High values of PCV and GCV were observed for variables such as NFFP (25.13 and 22.20), PL (23.14 and 20.69), FD (24.01 and 21.46), AFW (22.98 and 20.13), NFPY (26.38 and 24.40), FYP (37.57 and 31.29), FY (35.55 and 33.20), AsC (28.65 and 27.73), Ac (24.32 and 21.06), TSS (37.23 and 35.94), DPPHL (20.71 and 20.38), FRAPL (21.08 and 20.92), TPF(20.81 and 20.45) respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for vine length (VL), internodal length (IL), number of female flowers per plant (NFFP), fruit length (FL), peduncle length (PL), fruit diameter (FD), average fruit weight (AFW), number of fruit per plant per year (NFPY), fruit yield per plant (FYP), fruit yield (FY), ascorbic acid (AsC), acidity (Ac), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenols in leaves TPL), total flavonoids in leaves TFL, CUPRAC in leaves (CUPRACL), DPPH in leaves (DPPHL), FRAP in leaves (FRAPL), Total phenols in fruits (TPF), Total flavonoids in fruits (TFF), CUPRAC in fruits (CUPRACF) and DPPH in fruits (DPPHF). The FYP exhibited a significant positive correlation with variables like VL (0.6833), IL (0.2991), NFFP (0.8107), FD (0.5245), AFW (0.6766), NFPY (0.7659), ASC (0.4611), TSS (0.5004) and TPF (0.4281). The estimates of genetic parameters revealed scope for further improvement of fruit yield by selection. Of the eight principal components, PC-I through PC-VIII had eigen values greater than 1 and it accounts 85.02% of the total variation for 26 gynoecious accessions of Ivy gourd. The eigen values of PC-I comprised 5.775% of total variation followed by PC-II (4.250%), PC-III (3.175%), PC-IV (2.588%), PC-V (1.828%), PC-VI (1.447%), PC-VII (1.179%) and PC-VIII (1.013%).The cluster VI and cluster I having highest mean values for most of traits under study. Thus, genotypes from the distinct cluster like cluster VI and I for should be used for selection of parents and varietal improvement for further breeding programme in ivy gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalu Prasad Yadav
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India.
| | - K Gangadhara
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - V V Apparao
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - D S Mishra
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagdish Rane
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, 334006, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - P Janani
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Shillong, 793 009, Meghalaya, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, 334006, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, 334006, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - S K Malhotra
- ICAR-Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, Pusa, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Shekhawat
- ICAR-NBPGR Regional Station Jodhpur, C/o CAZRI, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India
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Yadav S, Singh AK, Selvaraj RK, Applegate TJ, Bhattacharya P, Shinall SB, Fenn LS, Shanmugasundaram R, Kim WK. Research Note: Effect of dietary xylo-oligosaccharide on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and specific cecal bacteria in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103189. [PMID: 37939588 PMCID: PMC10665916 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic effect of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) supplemented in a corn-soybean meal (SBM) based conventional diet on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and quantification of specific bacteria in the ceca of broilers. A total of 240 d of hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments (corn-SBM-based control diet) containing 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% XOS. The broilers were raised for 21 d in 6 replicate cages, each containing 10 birds. Growth performance parameters were obtained weekly. Additionally, small intestinal tissues were collected to evaluate histomorphometry and whole ceca were collected to quantify bacterial populations on D21. The results showed that inclusion of XOS has similar body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as the control group during the 21-day study. The results further indicate a tendency for the jejunum villus to crypt ratio (VH:CD) to increase in birds given 0.05 and 0.2% XOS (P = 0.08). Cecal bacteria quantification showed a linear increase in Bifidobacterium with increasing XOS levels (P < 0.0001) and a decrease Clostridium perfringens levels compared to birds fed the control diet (P < 0.0001). However, there were no differences in the total counts of Lactobacillus and E. coli. Together these results showed that while there were no differences in growth parameters up to 21 d, the histomorphology findings and the increase in Bifidobacterium, along with the reduction in C. perfringens observed in the XOS groups, suggest a beneficial impact of XOS inclusion on gut health. Further research with longer feeding periods and higher XOS levels should be conducted to explore potential positive effects on both growth and gut health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - R K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - S B Shinall
- Rayonier Advanced Materials, Inc., Jesup, GA 31545, USA
| | - L S Fenn
- Rayonier Advanced Materials, Inc., Jesup, GA 31545, USA
| | - R Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Singh AK, Vidyadhari A, Bhurani D, Agrawal N, Ahmed R, Sharma M. Effect of Imatinib treatment on renal anaemia in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1928-1934. [PMID: 36862651 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231160113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we investigate renal function and anaemia during imatinib treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. METHODS The patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia with chronic phase who had been treated with only imatinib for 12 months at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre (New Delhi, India) were enrolled and prospectively analysed. The chronic renal impairment parameters, including estimated glomerular filtration rate and haemoglobin levels for anaemia from June 2020 to June 2022, were monitored in newly diagnosed in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia-chronic phase. The data were analysed by SPSS software version 22. RESULTS In total 55 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia chronic phase who had been on imatinib for 12 months were monitored. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly decreased (74 ± 14 to 59 ± 12 mL/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001) with a decrease in mean haemoglobin levels after 12 months (10.9 ± 2.01 to 9.0 ± 1.02, p < 0.004). The decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated with haemoglobin levels after 1 year of imatinib administration (correlation coefficient = 0.892, R2 = 0.7976, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We recommended close monitoring of renal function and haemoglobin levels in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Division of Pharmacology), School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Arya Vidyadhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Bhurani
- Department of Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Agrawal
- Department of Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Rayaz Ahmed
- Department of Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Sahu H, Patil VM, Menon N, Singh AK, Biswas S, Janu A, Chakraborty N, Prabhash K, Noronha V. Infections in Patients with Advanced-stage Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-mutant Lung Cancer - a Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomised Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:811-812. [PMID: 37838606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sahu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Janu
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Vidyadhari A, Singh N, Singh AK, Ralli T, Solanki P, Mirza MA, Parvez S, Kohli K. Investigation of Luliconazole-Loaded Mucoadhesive Electrospun Nanofibers for Anticandidal Activity in the Management of Vaginal Candidiasis. ACS Omega 2023; 8:42102-42113. [PMID: 38024758 PMCID: PMC10652273 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated and evaluated luliconazole-loaded electrospun nanofibers for anticandidal activity in the management of vaginal candidiasis. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofibers were designed by the electrospinning technique, and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was adopted for optimization to get tailored fibers. The luliconazole (LCZ) drug was mixed into different concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) of tea tree oil (TT oil) and loaded into the PCL/gelatin nanofibrous mats. The effective anticandidal potential of nanofiber samples were analyzed by the disk-diffusion method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), XRD analysis, and in silico study were performed. The entrapment efficiency, swelling degree, mechanical strength, contact angle, mucoadhesion, drug release, and permeation study were assessed. The average diameter of the PCL/gelatin-optimized nanofiber was 153 nm. SEM reflected that the fabricated nanofibers were uniform and bead-free. FTIR and DSC analyzed the interaction and physical entrapment of the drug in the polymeric fibers. The entrapment efficiency of the drug-loaded nanofiber was found to be 89.2 ± 0.8%. Maximum swelling percentages at 4 h were 40.8, 18.9, and 14.0% and contact angles were 46.5°, 62.95°, and 65.78° for the blank, TT oil-loaded, and drug-loaded nanofiber, respectively, which indicated the hydrophilic nature of the fibers. The drug-loaded nanofiber had a high tensile strength with satisfactory mucoadhesive property that led to its adhesion to the vaginal mucosa with no tear. The drug-loaded nanofiber had a cumulative drug release of 67.7 ± 3.4% in 48 h, and the 12.8 ± 0.53 mm of zone of inhibition (ZOI) in 48 h illustrated an effective anticandidal activity. The TT oil-loaded nanofiber also exhibited a small ZOI of 4.3 ± 0.30 mm, indicating a synergistic effect to the antifungal activity of the drug-loaded nanofiber. LCZ-loaded nanofibers can emerge as a novel approach for vaginal drug delivery in the treatment of candida infection. Thus, this pharmaceutical investigation can help in formulating preclinical and clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Vidyadhari
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Jadavpur 700032, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Division of Pharmacology), School of Pharmaceutical
Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tanya Ralli
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pratima Solanki
- Special
Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - M Aamir Mirza
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department
of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Director,
Research & Publication, Lloyd Institute
of Management and Technology (Pharm.), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
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10
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Biswas B, Thakur K, Pote TD, Sharma KD, Krishnan SG, Singh AK, Sharma TR, Rathour R. Genetic and molecular analysis of leaf blast resistance in Tetep derived line RIL4 and its relationship to genes at Pita/Pita 2 locus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18683. [PMID: 37907574 PMCID: PMC10618204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vietnamese indica landrace 'Tetep' is known worldwide for its durable and broad spectrum-resistance to blast. We performed genetic and molecular analyses of leaf blast resistance in a Tetep derived recombinant inbred line 'RIL4' which is resistant to both leaf and neck blast. Phenotypic analysis of segregating F2 progenies suggested that leaf blast resistance in RIL4 was controlled by a dominant gene tentatively designated as Pi-l(t). The gene was mapped to a 2.4 cm region close to the centromere of chromosome 12. The search for the gene content in the equivalent genomic region of reference cv. Nipponbare revealed the presence of five NBS-LRR genes, two of which corresponded to the alleles of Pita and Pi67 genes previously identified from Tetep. The two other genes, LOC_Os12g17090, and LOC_Os12g17490 represented the homologs of stripe rust resistance gene Yr10. The allelic tests with Pita2 and Pi67 lines suggested that the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 is either allelic or tightly linked to these genes. The genomic position of the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 perfectly coincided with the genomic position of a neck blast resistance gene Pb2 previously identified from this line suggesting that the same gene confers resistance to leaf and neck blast. The present results were discussed in juxtaposition with past studies on the genes of Pita/Pita2 resistance gene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Biswas
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - K Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag, 175048, India
| | - T D Pote
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - K D Sharma
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - T R Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - R Rathour
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India.
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11
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Iovoli AJ, Stephans KL, Bogart JA, Tian L, Videtic GM, Singh AK. Change in Quality of Life after Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) on a Prospective Trial of Peripheral Stage I or II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Predicts Survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e26-e27. [PMID: 37784997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) We previously reported the results of a randomized, multi-institutional phase II clinical trial evaluating one versus three fractions of SBRT for peripheral Stage I to II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A secondary objective to compare quality of life (QOL) data and its association with survival outcomes is reported. MATERIALS/METHODS Medically inoperable patients with biopsy-proven peripheral T1-2N0M0 NSCLC were enrolled. Patients were randomized to 30 Gy in 1 fraction (arm 1) or 60 Gy in 3 fractions (arm 2) and stratified by performance status. QOL scores from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC QLQ Lung Cancer-Specific Module (EORTC QLQ-LC13) questionnaires were required at baseline and each follow-up visit. Univariate models were generated to evaluate associations between QOL scores and survival with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated at each time point. RESULTS Among 98 patients enrolled (49 in each arm), 88 patients had data available for QOL analysis. At 6 month follow up, patients with stable or decreased (n = 49) versus those with increased global QOL scores (n = 27) had worse progression-free survival (HR [Hazards' Ratio] 2.32 [CI, 1.14-4.73], p = 0.021) and overall survival (HR 2.13 [CI, 1.01-4.51], p = 0.048). Similar results persisted at the 12 month follow up for progression-free survival (HR 3.90 [CI, 1.52-10.04], p = 0.016) and overall survival (HR 3.25 [CI, 1.25-8.43], p = 0.016). Median overall survival for patients with stable or decreased global QOL versus increased global QOL at 6 month follow up was 39.0 vs 60.3 months (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Change in QOL is an early predictor of survival following SBRT for patients with peripheral early-stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Iovoli
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - K L Stephans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - J A Bogart
- SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY
| | - L Tian
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - G M Videtic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - A K Singh
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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12
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Iovoli AJ, Yu H, Advani PG, Malhotra H, Fung-Kee-Fung S, Malik NK, Singh AK, Farrugia MK. Sinoatrial Node Irradiation in Patients Undergoing Definitive Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Central Lung Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e27. [PMID: 37785020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The clinical consequences of sinoatrial node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) irradiation in patients undergoing thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) remains unclear. We examined the relationship between SAN and AVN dose with survival outcomes in patients with central non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. MATERIALS/METHODS A single-institutional retrospective review of patients with primary NSCLC undergoing definitive SBRT for centrally located tumors from February 2007 to December 2021 was performed. Central tumors were defined as within 2 cm of the proximal airway, mediastinum, great vessels, or spinal cord whereas ultracentral tumors were directly abutting any of the above structures. All patients underwent five-fraction SBRT to a total dose of 50 to 60 Gy. The SAN and AVN were contoured in accordance with a published contouring atlas and the maximum dose (Dmax) and mean dose (Dmean) for each structure were calculated. Sequential log rank testing between the 50th and 90th percentiles was used to identify potential cutoff values for the corresponding dosimetric parameters and non-cancer associated survival. RESULTS Among 93 eligible patients, the median age was 72.5 years (Inter-Quartile Range [IQR], 66.6-78.3), median follow up was 32.4 months (IQR, 13.0-49.6), and 48 patients were female (52%). There were 49 ultracentral tumors (53%) and the median planning target volume (PTV) was 31.0 cc (IQR, 18.0-53.3). The median SAN Dmax and Dmean were 95 cGy (IQR, 37-1,072) and 58 cGy (IQR, 26-641), respectively. The median AVN Dmax and Dmean were 45 cGy (IQR, 19-506) and 34 cGy (IQR, 15-160), respectively. Candidate cutoff values for SAN Dmax and Dmean were 1,309 cGy and 814 cGy, respectively. No significant cutoff values were identified for either AVN parameter. Kaplan-Meier analysis for the proposed SAN Dmean constraint was significantly associated with overall (p = 0.016) and non-cancer associated survival (p = 0.028). The SAN Dmax constraint was significantly associated with only overall survival (p = 0.029). In a multivariate model, the SAN Dmean cutoff significantly correlated with both overall (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.1 [1.13-3.78], p = 0.019) and non-cancer associated survival (HR 2.39 [1.12-5.10], p = 0.025) whereas the SAN Dmax cutoff was only significantly associated with overall survival (HR 1.95 [1.03-3.68], p = 0.041). CONCLUSION SAN Dmax and Dmean were associated with significantly worse overall survival using cut-off values of 1,309 cGy and 814 cGy, respectively. SAN dose should be considered in radiation planning and further study on the consequence of SAN irradiation during SBRT is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Iovoli
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - H Yu
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - P G Advani
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - H Malhotra
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - N K Malik
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - A K Singh
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - M K Farrugia
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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13
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Garg A, Nathawat R, Singh AK, Dixit S, Acharya M. Corrective and preventive actions (CAPAs) in eye bank. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3128-3130. [PMID: 37602597 PMCID: PMC10565914 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1994_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This case series highlights the challenges in eye banking and the importance of a quality assurance program. Three cases triggered corrective and preventive actions (CAPAs) to improve the processes. Case 1 emphasized training to prevent retrieval failures. Case 2 stressed the need for blood samples and comprehensive documentation. In Case 3, mishandling led to policy revisions and staff training. CAPA involved identifying concerns, root cause analysis, action plans, implementation, checks, and closure. Errors can occur in man, machinery, process, and policies. Continuous CAPA ensures continuous quality improvement and safe corneal tissue transplantation, benefiting patients in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Garg
- Department of Cornea and Anterior Segment, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Nathawat
- Department of Eye Bank, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Quality Control, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Dixit
- Department of Eye Bank, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Acharya
- Department of Cornea and Anterior Segment, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
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14
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Sarpal S, Singh AK, Bhardwaj H, Puri NK, Solanki PR. Graphene oxide-Mn 3O 4nanocomposites for advanced electrochemical biosensor for fumonisin B1 detection. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:465708. [PMID: 37499634 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aceaff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of mycotoxins in food samples threat to its safety issue due to the presence of high toxicity and carcinogenic behavior, thus requiring highly sensitive and selective detection. Herein, the trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles in combination with graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite were used to enhance the electrochemical performance for fabrication of electrochemical biosensor for fumonisin B1 (FB1) detection. The various characterization tools were used to validate the fabrication of GOMn3O4nanocomposites. To fabricate the electrochemical biosensor on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate, a thin film of GOMn3O4nanocomposite was prepared using electrophoretic deposition technique, and antibodies (ab-FB1) were immobilized onto the electrode for selective FB1 detection. The differential pulse voltammetry technique was used to observe the sensing performance. The non-binding sites of the ab-FB1 on the immunoelectrode were blocked with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The biosensor electrode was fabricated as BSA/ab-FB1/GOMn3O4/ITO for the detection of FB1. The sensitivity of the biosensor was obtained as 10.08μA ml ng-1cm-2in the detection range of 1 pg ml-1to 800 ng ml-1with a limit of detection of 0.195 pg ml-1. In addition, the recovery of BSA/ab-FB1/GOMn3O4/ITO immunoelectrodes was also performed on sweet corn samples and is calculated to be 98.91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sarpal
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Hema Bhardwaj
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Puri
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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15
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Namgial T, Singh AK, Singh NP, Francis A, Chattopadhyay D, Voloudakis A, Chakraborty S. Correction to: Differential expression of genes during recovery of Nicotiana tabacum from tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus infection. Planta 2023; 258:51. [PMID: 37490148 PMCID: PMC10368538 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Namgial
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - N P Singh
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Singh AK, Krężel A. Calcium-assisted sortase A cleavage of SUMOylated metallothionein constructs leads to high-yield production of human MT3. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:125. [PMID: 37434134 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are small (6-7 kDa), intracellular, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins involved, inter alia, in the homeostasis of zinc and copper, detoxification of heavy metals, antioxidation against reactive oxygen species, and protection against DNA damage. The high cysteine content (~ 30%) in MTs makes them toxic to bacterial cells during protein production, resulting in low yield. To address this issue, we present for the first time a combinatorial approach using the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and/or sortase as fusion tags for high-level expression of human MT3 in E. coli and its purification by three different strategies. RESULTS Three different plasmids were generated using SUMO, sortase A pentamutant (eSrtA), and sortase recognition motif (LPETG) as removable fusion tags for high-level expression and purification of human MT3 from the bacterial system. In the first strategy, SUMOylated MT3 was expressed and purified using Ulp1-mediated cleavage. In the second strategy, SUMOylated MT3 with a sortase recognition motif at the N-terminus of MT3 was expressed and purified using sortase-mediated cleavage. In the final strategy, the fusion protein His6-SUMO-eSrtA-LPETG-MT3 was expressed and purified by one-step sortase-mediated inducible on-bead autocleavage. Using these three strategies the apo-MT3 was purified in a yield of 11.5, 11, and 10.8 mg/L, respectively, which is the highest yield achieved for MT expression and purification to date. No effect of MT3 on Ni2+-containing resin was observed. CONCLUSION The SUMO/sortase-based strategy used as the production system for MT3 resulted in a very high expression level and protein production yield. The apo-MT3 purified by this strategy contained an additional glycine residue and had similar metal binding properties as WT-MT3. This SUMO-sortase fusion system is a simple, robust, and inexpensive one-step purification approach for various MTs as well as other toxic proteins with very high yield via immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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17
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Namgial T, Singh AK, Singh NP, Francis A, Chattopadhyay D, Voloudakis A, Chakraborty S. Differential expression of genes during recovery of Nicotiana tabacum from tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus infection. Planta 2023; 258:37. [PMID: 37405593 PMCID: PMC10322791 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nicotiana tabacum exhibits recovery response towards tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus. Transcriptome analysis revealed the differential expression of defense-related genes. Genes encoding for cysteine protease inhibitor, hormonal- and stress-related to DNA repair mechanism are found to be involved in the recovery process. Elucidating the role of host factors in response to viral infection is crucial in understanding the plant host-virus interaction. Begomovirus, a genus in the family Geminiviridae, is reported throughout the globe and is known to cause serious crop diseases. Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in initial symptom expression followed by a quick recovery in the systemic leaves. Transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes both in symptomatic as well as recovered leaves when compared to mock-inoculated plants. The virus infected N. tabacum results in alteration of various metabolic pathways, phytohormone signaling pathway, defense related protein, protease inhibitor, and DNA repair pathway. RT-qPCR results indicated that Germin-like protein subfamily T member 2 (NtGLPST), Cysteine protease inhibitor 1-like (NtCPI), Thaumatin-like protein (NtTLP), Kirola-like (NtKL), and Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109-like (NtERTFL) were down-regulated in symptomatic leaves when compared to recovered leaves of ToLCGV-infected plants. In contrast, the Auxin-responsive protein SAUR71-like (NtARPSL) was found to be differentially down-regulated in recovered leaves when compared to symptomatic leaves and the mock-inoculated plants. Lastly, Histone 2X protein like (NtHH2L) gene was found to be down-regulated, whereas Uncharacterized (NtUNCD) was up-regulated in both symptomatic as well as recovered leaves compared to the mock-inoculated plants. Taken together, the present study suggests potential roles of the differentially expressed genes that might govern tobacco's susceptibility and/or recovery response towards ToLCGV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Namgial
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - N P Singh
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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18
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Singh AK, Pomorski A, Wu S, Peris-Díaz MD, Czepczyńska-Krężel H, Krężel A. The connection of α- and β-domains in mammalian metallothionein-2 differentiates Zn(II) binding affinities, affects folding, and determines zinc buffering properties. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad029. [PMID: 37147085 PMCID: PMC10243857 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are small Cys-rich proteins involved in Zn(II) and Cu(I) homeostasis. They bind seven Zn(II) ions in two distinct β- and α-domains, forming Zn3Cys9 and Zn4Cys11 clusters, respectively. After six decades of research, their role in cellular buffering of Zn(II) ions has begun to be understood recently. This is because of different affinities of bound ions and the proteins' coexistence in variously Zn(II)-loaded Zn4-7MT species in the cell. To date, it has remained unclear how these mechanisms of action occur and how the affinities are differentiated despite the Zn(S-Cys)4 coordination environment being the same. Here, we dissect the molecular basis of these phenomena by using several MT2 mutants, hybrid protein, and isolated domains. Through a combination of spectroscopic and stability studies, thiol(ate) reactivity, and steered molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that both protein folding and thermodynamics of Zn(II) ion (un)binding significantly differ between isolated domains and the whole protein. Close proximity reduces the degrees of freedom of separated domains, making them less dynamic. It is caused by the formation of intra- and interdomain electrostatic interactions. The energetic consequence of domains connection has a critical impact on the role of MTs in the cellular environment, where they function not only as a zinc sponge but also as a zinc buffering system keeping free Zn(II) in the right concentrations. Any change of that subtle system affects the folding mechanism, zinc site stabilities, and cellular zinc buffer components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Manuel D Peris-Díaz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hanna Czepczyńska-Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Duggal N, Singh N, Sachdev S, Singh AK, Hira JK, Chhabra S, Bansal D, Malhotra P, Varma N, Das R, Sharma P. A Screening Approach for Inherited Erythrocytosis due to the VHL:c.598C > T Mutation (Chuvash Polycythemia). Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37362405 PMCID: PMC10183085 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic work-up of unexplained erythrocytosis that is suspected to be inherited in nature currently requires either laborious exon-by-exon gene panel testing by Sanger sequencing or expensive next-generation sequencing. A high prevalence of Chuvash polycythemia (61%) has been previously reported among north Indian erythrocytosis patients. We assessed PCR-RFLP for VHL c.598C > T mutation as a first-line test in 99 persons with JAK2 V617F-negative, unexplained erythrocytosis. We enrolled two groups: Group A (n = 38) had erythrocytosis patients (n = 33) or their first-degree relatives (n = 5), and, Group B with 61 healthy blood donation volunteers who were deferred after the discovery of unexplained high hemoglobin levels. Detailed history and clinical examination, hemogram, erythropoietin levels and PCR-RFLP for the VHL:c.598C > T;p.R200W mutation were done. In Group A, three (8%) persons aged 9, 13 and 30-years were homozygous for VHL:c.598C > T. Two were heterozygous (parents of a known case of Chuvash polycythemia). None of the Group B subjects had the Chuvash mutation. Erythropoietin levels in group A were low in 5/26 cases (19%) and normal in 18/26 (69%). In Group B, seven (11%) donors had normal values while the remaining 54 (89%) had high erythropoietin levels. Despite a lower frequency (8%) compared to literature, our results suggest that the relatively simpler PCR-RFLP for VHL:c.598C > T mutation may be considered for the initial genetic screening of unexplained, suspected congenital erythrocytosis in regions where Chuvash polycythemia comprises a large proportion of inherited erythrocytosis, after polycythemia vera and common acquired secondary causes are excluded. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-023-01668-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Duggal
- Pathology Group of Departments, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Suchet Sachdev
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Jasbir Kaur Hira
- Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sanjeev Chhabra
- Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Reena Das
- Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Tomar P, Rajoriya JS, Ojha BK, Singh AK, Deshpande D, Choubey P, Raje A, Mishra GK, Perumal P. Tinospora cordifolia modulates the seminal parameters, leakage of intracellular enzymes and seminal antioxidants in equilibrated and cryopreserved semen of Sahiwal bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2023. [PMID: 37009827 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy or Guduchi) in the semen extender on seminal parameters, leakage of intracellular enzymes and antioxidants in semen of Sahiwal bull. A total of 48 ejaculates from four bulls were selected for the study. Spermatozoa of 25×106 were incubated in 100, 300 and 500 μg of stem extract of Guduchi as Gr II, III and IV, respectively and pre-freeze and post-thaw semen samples were analysed for seminal parameters (motility, viability, total sperm abnormality; TSA, plasma membrane integrity; PMI, and acrosomal integrity; AcI), intracellular enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase; AST and lactate dehydrogenase; LDH) and seminal antioxidants (superoxide dismutase; SOD and catalase) in comparison with an untreated control group (Gr I). The results revealed that stem extract treated semen had significantly (p<0.05) higher motility, viability, PMI, AcI, SOD and catalase and had significantly (p<0.05) lower TSA, AST and LDH compared to those in untreated control group at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Semen treated with 100 μg stem extract /25×106 spermatozoa had significantly (p<0.05) higher motility, viability, PMI, AcI, SOD and catalase and had significantly (p<0.05) lower TSA, AST and LDH compared to those in control, 300, and 500 μg treated groups at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Further, these seminal parameters and antioxidants were showing decreasing trend and TSA and leakage of intra-cellular enzymes were showing increasing trend from Gr II to Gr IV at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Thus, 100 μg/25×106 spermatozoa were optimum or suitable dose for cryopreservation of Sahiwal bull semen. The study concluded that T. cordifolia stem extract 100 μg/25×106 spermatozoa in the semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce the oxidative stress and improve the pre-freeze and post-thaw seminal parameters in Sahiwal bull. However, further studies on effects of different concentrations of stem extract on in-vitro or in-vivo fertility trials are to be conducted to assess the impact of the stem extract supplementation in the semen extender on field pregnancy outcome in bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tomar
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - J S Rajoriya
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B K Ojha
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A K Singh
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D Deshpande
- Central Semen Station, Bhadbhada, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Choubey
- Central Semen Station, Bhadbhada, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A Raje
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G K Mishra
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Perumal
- ICAR-Central, Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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Antonenko A, Singh AK, Mosna K, Krężel A. OaAEP1 Ligase-Assisted Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Full Cysteine-Rich Metal-Binding Cyanobacterial Metallothionein SmtA. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 36921066 PMCID: PMC10119931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Among all approaches used for the semisynthesis of natural or chemically modified products, enzyme-assisted ligation is among the most promising and dynamically developing approaches. Applying an efficient C247A mutant of Oldenlandia affinis plant ligase OaAEP1 and solid-phase peptide synthesis chemistry, we present the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a complete sequence of the cysteine-rich and metal-binding cyanobacterial metallothionein Synechococcus metallothionein A (SmtA). Zn(II) and Cd(II) binding to the newly synthesized SmtA showed identical properties to the protein expressed in Escherichia coli. The presented approach is the first example of the use of OaAEP1 mutant for total protein synthesis of metallothionein, which occurs in mild conditions preventing cysteine thiol oxidation. The recognition motif of the applied enzyme could naturally occur in the protein structure or be synthetically or genetically incorporated in some loops or secondary structure elements. Therefore, we envision that this strategy can be used for efficiently obtaining SmtA and for a wide range of proteins and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Antonenko
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Karolina Mosna
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
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22
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Kumar G, Singh AK, Agarwal D. Structural and functional characterization of RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MnRdRp). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12825-12837. [PMID: 36757137 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2175384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a highly valued farmed freshwater species and its production has been affected globally by white tail disease caused by M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV). MrNV is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for genome replication. Due to its essentiality for pathogenesis, it is an important drug target. The domain prediction of the complete sequence revealed the presence of two enzymatic regions namely methyl transferase and RdRp separated by transmembrane region. The predicted three-dimensional (3D) structure of MnRdRp using AlphaFold 2 shows that the structure is composed of three major sub-domains common for other polymerases namely fingers, palm and thumb. Structural similarity search revealed its similarity with other flaviviridea members especially with BVDV RdRp (BvdvRdRp). The structure of fingers and palm sub-domains is more conserved than the thumb sub-domain. A small α-helix named 'priming helix' having conserve Tyr was identified at position 829-833 with a potential role in de novo initiation. Analysis of electrostatic potential revealed that nucleotide and template channels are electropositive. Metal binding residues were identified as Asp599, Asp704 and Asp705. The α and β phosphates of incoming nucleotide interact with two Mn2+, Arg455 and Arg537. For recognition of 2'-OH of incoming rNTP, Asp604, Ser661 and Asn670 were identified which can form H-bond network with 2'-OH group. Docking study revealed that Dasabuvir can potentially inhibit MnRdRp. The study concluded that the overall structure and function of MnRdRp are similar to Flaviviridae polymerases and their inhibitors can work against this enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- College of Fisheries Science Gunla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - A K Singh
- College of Fisheries Science Gunla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Deepak Agarwal
- TNJFU, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Sasidharan JK, Patra MK, Khan JA, Singh AK, Karikalan M, De UK, Saxena AC, Dubal ZB, Singh SK, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthases and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the endometrium and circulation in different graded CEH-pyometra in bitch. Theriogenology 2023; 197:139-149. [PMID: 36516536 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra (CEH-P) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in bitches, posing a risk to both future fertility and life. The aims of the current study were to elucidate the differential expression patterns of inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels in the endometrium and to assess the concentrations of key inflammatory mediators in the peripheral circulation of bitches with different graded CEH-P. A total of 25 client-owned intact mixed breed bitches of 3-10 years presented to the outpatient department of RVP-TVCC of the institute were considered for the study. Of which, 22 cases suggestive of pyometra and 3 cases of CEH obtained during routine elective ovariohysterectomy were subjected to histopathological examination. Uteri were categorized into CEH (n = 3), moderate CEH-P (mCEH-P, n = 9), severe CEH-P (sCEH-P, n = 6) and atrophic pyometra (AT-P, n = 7). A group of age matched (n = 12) bitches without pyometra served as control. Endometrial transcripts such as IL6, IL8, PTGS2, PGFS, and SLPI were expressed differentially in the CEH and CEH-P bitch. In addition, a strong immunoreactivity (IR) of IL6, IL8, PTGS2, and mPGES1 was recorded in the sCEH-P uterus, while expression of IL10 was noticed in AT-P. In circulation, serum IL6 was the most relevant marker with high sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut off concentration 8.5 pg/mL followed by SLPI with 95.2% sensitivity, and 84.6% specificity at cut off concentration of 1.3 ng/mL. Serum IL10, PGFM and SLPI concentration in the peripheral circulation were 1.5-2.23 fold higher in mCEH-P, 0.87-2.5 fold higher in sCEH-P and 2.9-3.5 fold higher in AT-P than that of control. It is concluded that monitoring the serum concentration of IL6, IL10 and SLPI would be useful adjunct to the established hematobiochemical parameters in the management of pyometra in the bitch with critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Sasidharan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M K Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - J A Khan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - U K De
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India; Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A C Saxena
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - S K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - H Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
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Singh DK, Gamboa RS, Singh AK, Walkemeier B, Van Leene J, De Jaeger G, Siddiqi I, Guerois R, Crismani W, Mercier R. The FANCC-FANCE-FANCF complex is evolutionarily conserved and regulates meiotic recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:2516-2528. [PMID: 36652992 PMCID: PMC10085685 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
At meiosis, programmed meiotic DNA double-strand breaks are repaired via homologous recombination, resulting in crossovers (COs). From a large excess of DNA double-strand breaks that are formed, only a small proportion gets converted into COs because of active mechanisms that restrict CO formation. The Fanconi anemia (FA) complex proteins AtFANCM, MHF1 and MHF2 were previously identified in a genetic screen as anti-CO factors that function during meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, pursuing the same screen, we identify FANCC as a new anti-CO gene. FANCC was previously only identified in mammals because of low primary sequence conservation. We show that FANCC, and its physical interaction with FANCE-FANCF, is conserved from vertebrates to plants. Further, we show that FANCC, together with its subcomplex partners FANCE and FANCF, regulates meiotic recombination. Mutations of any of these three genes partially rescues CO-defective mutants, which is particularly marked in female meiosis. Functional loss of FANCC, FANCE, or FANCF results in synthetic meiotic catastrophe with the pro-CO factor MUS81. This work reveals that FANCC is conserved outside mammals and has an anti-CO role during meiosis together with FANCE and FANCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rigel Salinas Gamboa
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Birgit Walkemeier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Imran Siddiqi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Raphael Guerois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Wayne Crismani
- The DNA Repair and Recombination Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3065, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Singh AK, Kumar A, Agrawal N, Bhurani D, Ahmed R, Sharma M. Prevalence of Anemia among Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib: A Evidence-based Meta-analysis. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2023; 18:148-157. [PMID: 35293301 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220315144253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib is one of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The exact association of imatinib with anemia in CML patients is still unclear. AIM The current study aimed to find the prevalence of anemia in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib. METHODS The relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Google scholar, and Clinical trials registries till 31st July, 2021. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The prevalence rate with 95% CI was calculated using StatsDirect Statistical analysis software V.3. RESULTS A total of 18 studies containing 3537 patients were found relevant for the analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia in CML was found to be 34% (95% CI: 23%-46%). However, the heterogeneity among studies was found to be high. CONCLUSION The monitoring of hemoglobin levels and identifying the cause of anemia are major concerns for the CML patients treated with Imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Division of Pharmacology), School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Puspvihar Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Narendra Agrawal
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Dinesh Bhurani
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Rayaz Ahmed
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Lokwani P, Gupta N, Choudhary SK, Singh AK. Noise survey of neonatal intensive care unit at a government tertiary-care centre. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:619-625. [PMID: 38043020 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With technological advancement, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) have become noisier than ever. Studies have shown the detrimental effects of increasing noise in NICU on growing pre-term and sick neonates. The present study aimed to survey the amount of noise in one of the NICU blocks of a government tertiary care centre and explore ways to control it when dealing with these sick babies. METHODS A detailed noise survey was carried out, for February 2023, in one of the two blocks of NICU in a government tertiary-care centre. The noise measurements were performed using two "Sound Ear 3" noise meters. The analyses were done in Leq (equivalent continuous sound levels) A-weighted decibels (dBA). RESULTS The extracted data analysis revealed that the NICU block was exposed to a mean Leq of 67.78 dBA noise with a maximum of 89.0 dBA. There was a significant difference between the values noted in devices at different locations and across different periods. There were certain instances (57 and 42 for two devices) when there were sudden spikes in the noise levels beyond 80 dBA. It was also seen that noise was more than 65 dBA most of the time (72% and 66% for the two devices). CONCLUSION The noise survey carried out over one month revealed a considerable amount of noise in the NICU of a government tertiary-care centre. The study also explored ways such as environmental modification, human behavior modification, awareness programs, and neonatal-centered modifications to reduce the noise and lower its detrimental effects on the growth of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lokwani
- Audiologist, Model Early Intervention Centre, Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - S K Choudhary
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Sharma M, Marodia Y, Singh AK, Kurdia K, Gupta K, Sandhu MS. Gastrointestinal: An unusual cause of biliary obstruction in a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:8. [PMID: 35643980 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Y Marodia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Kurdia
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M S Sandhu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Halli HM, Govindasamy P, Choudhary M, Srinivasan R, Prasad M, Wasnik VK, Yadav VK, Singh AK, Kumar S, Vijay D, Pathak H. Range grasses to improve soil properties, carbon sustainability, and fodder security in degraded lands of semi-arid regions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158211. [PMID: 36029814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropical grasses are the primary source of forage for livestock and a valuable resource for improving soil health and environmental sustainability in semi-arid regions. A study was carried out in a semi-arid region of central India to determine the short-term (6-year) impact of nine range grasses on soil physio-chemical and biological properties, carbon stock, and forage security. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. Results show that the majority of the grass roots were distributed in the upper soil layer (0-10 cm, 63.5-76.5 %), and then in the middle (10-20 cm, 21.3-25 %) and lower (20-30 cm, 2.2-11.5 %) layers. Perennial tussock grass (Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult) had a higher root volume (2219 mm3), followed by Guinea grass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs] (1860 mm3). A lower soil bulk density (BD, 1.11-1.23 g cm-3), higher gravimetric water content (GMW, 14.0-17.8 %), and soil organic carbon (0.38-0.73 %) were recorded for grass-cultivated plots compared to the barren land (1.38 g cm-3, 13.0 %, and 0.28 %, respectively). The perennial tussock grass and Guinea grass resulted in the highest soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC, 70.1 mg kg-1 soil) and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, 17.09 μg TPF g-1 day-1 and fluorescein diacetate activity 4.94 μg fluorescein g-1 h-1). The considerable improvement in soil properties with minimal inputs resulted in a higher sustainable yield index and carbon sustainability index in plots planted with Guinea grass (0.9 and 89.29) and perennial tussock grass (0.89 and 71.61). Therefore, the cultivation of either Guinea grass or perennial tussock grass as an intercrop or sole crop in the semi-arid environment can be an ecologically sound strategy to improve soil health, C sequestration, and fodder supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanamant M Halli
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India; School of Soil Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune 413 115, India
| | - Prabhu Govindasamy
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India; Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - R Srinivasan
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - Mahendra Prasad
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - V K Wasnik
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - V K Yadav
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - D Vijay
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- School of Soil Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune 413 115, India
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Ajay A, Craufurd P, Kumar V, Samaddar A, Malik RK, Sharma S, Ranjan H, Singh AK, Paudel G, Pundir AK, Poonia S, Kumar A, Kumar P, Singh DK, Singh M, Iftikar W, Ignatius M, Banik N, Mohapatra B, Sagwal P, Yadav AK, Munshi S, Panneerselvam P, McDonald A. Large survey dataset of rice production practices applied by farmers on their largest farm plot during 2018 in India. Data Brief 2022; 45:108625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Singh P, Anam, Chaurasia S, Kumar D, Singh AK, Singh P. Sugarcane Blanching at Specific Temperature and Time Combination Preserves Juice Physio‐biochemical, Microbial and Sensory Attributes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | - Anam
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | | | - Dilip Kumar
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | - AK Singh
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | - Pushpa Singh
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
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Singh AK, Acharya A, Carroll K, Lopes RD, McCausland FR, Mulloy L, Perkovic V, Solomon S, Waikar SS, Wanner C, Wong MG, Cobitz AR, Mallett SA, Shaddinger BC, McMurray JJV. Causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease: insights from the ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND cardiovascular outcomes trials. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are limited contemporary data available regarding adjudicated causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Prior studies have indicated that cardiovascular (CV) events are one of the most common causes of death among patients with CKD, with previous reports stating approximately 30% of patients died from CV causes [1]. Here, we report the adjudicated causes of death in two recently completed large-scale randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with ∼14,200 person years of follow-up: ASCEND-D [2] (median follow-up: 2.5 years; NCT02879305) and ASCEND-ND [3] (median follow-up: 1.9 years; NCT02876835). These trials investigated the safety and efficacy of daprodustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), in correcting anaemia in patients with CKD.
Purpose
This study assessed the causes of death in patients with CKD in the ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND trials.
Methods
ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND were global, randomised, open-label, CV outcome trials in adult patients with CKD-related anaemia undergoing maintenance dialysis (ASCEND-D) or with pre-dialysis CKD (ASCEND-ND) who received daily oral daprodustat or conventional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Cause of death was systematically and centrally adjudicated in a blinded fashion to the study treatment assignment by an independent committee.
Results
In ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND, respectively, 2964 and 3872 patients were randomised, of which 92% and 97% completed the study. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced across treatment groups within each trial. Adjudicated causes of death for the ASCEND-D and -ND trials are shown in the Table. All-cause mortality was similar in patients treated with daprodustat as compared with those treated with conventional ESA in both the ASCEND-D and -ND trials. Overall mortality in the ASCEND-D and -ND trials was 20.0% and 15.5%, respectively, and CV causes accounted for approximately 30–40% of all deaths and infection accounted for 25–30% of all deaths in both trials.
Conclusion
Although CV events were the most common cause of death in the ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND trials (30–40% of cases), the risk of death due to infection was also high, accounting for approximately 25–30% of all deaths across all study arms. Sudden death accounted for most CV deaths, particularly in the ASCEND-D trial. Infection as a cause of death was more frequent than previously reported in other RCTs or disease registries. Causes of death did not differ significantly between ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND, or between treatments. However, as this is a selected population for a CV trial, it may not be representative of a real-life CKD population. Our results provide important data to inform the design of future studies in this population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): This study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. Medical writing support was provided Natasha Tracey, PhD (Ashfield MedComms, Macclesfield, UK) and was funded by GlaxoSmithKline.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - A Acharya
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , United States of America
| | - K Carroll
- KJC Statistics , Macclesfield , United Kingdom
| | - R D Lopes
- Duke Clinical Research Institute , Durham , United States of America
| | - F R McCausland
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - L Mulloy
- Medical College of Georgia , Augusta , United States of America
| | - V Perkovic
- University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - S Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - S S Waikar
- Boston Medical Center , Boston , United States of America
| | - C Wanner
- University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - M G Wong
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia and University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - A R Cobitz
- GlaxoSmithKline plc. , Collegeville , United States of America
| | - S A Mallett
- GlaxoSmithKline plc. , London , United Kingdom
| | - B C Shaddinger
- GlaxoSmithKline plc. , Collegeville , United States of America
| | - J J V McMurray
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre , Glasgow , United Kingdom
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Karmacharya RM, Singh AK, Vaidya S, Tuladhar SM, Devbhandari M, Lama B, Kharel BB, Basnet S. Analysis of Lung Cancer Cases Presenting in Outpatient Department of University Hospital of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:452-455. [PMID: 37795723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer related death. Most common histopathology of lung cancer is non-small cell carcinoma of which adenocarcinoma is the most common. There are limited number of studies done in Nepal to know different aspects of lung cancer. Objective To know demographic parameters of patients diagnosed as lung cancer in a university hospital. The study also aims to know the different histopathological diagnosis of lung cancer. Method All the patients presenting to outpatient department (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular unit) of Dhulikhel Hospital, if are diagnosed as cancer of lung/bronchus will be included in the study. The duration of the study was January 2017 to December 2021. The details on age, gender, presenting symptoms, histopathology of lung cancer, operability will be included in database and will be analyzed. Result There were total of 127 patients diagnosed as lung cancer. Male:female ratio was 1.7:1. Overall mean age was 63.23 years (SD 13.5 years, Range 19-89 years). Non small cell carcinoma was the most common type of lung cancer with 83.7%. In non small cell carcinoma, most common type was Squamous cell carcinoma followed by undifferentiated and Adenocarcinoma. Only five (3.93%) cases were in operable stage. Conclusion Despite the fact that lung cancer is one of the most common cancer, patients usually present late and moslty are not in operable stage. This study shows that squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histopathology in lung cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Karmacharya
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Vaidya
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S M Tuladhar
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Devbhandari
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Lama
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B B Kharel
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Basnet
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Liu J, Singh AK, Lin CT. Predicting the Quality of Spatial Learning via Virtual Global Landmarks. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:2418-2425. [PMID: 35981074 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3199713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the effects landmarks have on spatial learning is an active area of research in the study of human navigation processes and one that is key to understanding the links between human brain dynamics, landmark encoding, and spatial learning outcomes. This article presents a study on whether electroencephalography (EEG) signals related to virtual global landmarks combined with deep learning can be used to predict the accuracy and efficacy of spatial learning. Virtual global landmarks are silhouettes of actual landmarks projected into the navigator's vision via a heads-up display. They serve as a notable frame of reference in addition to the local landmarks we all typically use for route navigation. From a mobile virtual reality scenario involving 55 participants, the results of the study suggest that the EEG data associated with those who were exposed to global landmarks shows a visibly better capacity for predicting the quality of spatial learning levels than those who were not. As such, the EEG features associated with processing VGLs have a greater functional relation to the quality of spatial learning. This finding opens up a future direction of enquiry into landmark encoding and navigational ability. It may also provide a potential avenue for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Bisht B, Dey P, Singh AK, Pant S, Mehata MS. Spectroscopic Investigation on the Interaction of Direct Yellow-27 with Protein (BSA). Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35977534 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac8a8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Direct yellow 27 (DY-27) interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using multi-spectroscopic techniques to understand the toxicity mechanism. Fluorescence quenching of BSA by DY-27 was observed as a result of the formation of a BSA-DY27 complex with a binding constant of 1.19 × 105M-1and followed a static quenching mechanism with a quenching constant Ksvof 7.25 × 104M-1. The far UV circular dichroism spectra revealed the conformational changes in the secondary structure of BSA in the presence of DY-27. The calculated average lifetime of BSA is 6.04 ns and is nearly constant (5.99 ns) in the presence of dye and supports the proposed quenching mechanism. The change in free energy (ΔG) was calculated to be -28.96 kJ mol-1and confirmed the spontaneity of the binding process. Further, docking studies have been conducted to gain more insights into the interactions between DY-27 and serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Bisht
- Department of Physics, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002, India, Nainital, 263001, INDIA
| | - Pinki Dey
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia, Sydney, 2052, AUSTRALIA
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Munirka, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, INDIA
| | - Sanjay Pant
- Department of Physics, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002, India, Nainital, 263001, INDIA
| | - Mohan Singh Mehata
- Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, Delhi, Delhi, 110042, INDIA
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Malik A, Kumar A, Ellur RK, Krishnan S G, Dixit D, Bollinedi H, Vinod KK, Nagarajan M, Bhowmick PK, Singh NK, Singh AK. Molecular mapping of QTLs for grain dimension traits in Basmati rice. Front Genet 2022; 13:932166. [PMID: 35983411 PMCID: PMC9379801 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basmati rice is known for its extra-long slender grains, exceptional kernel dimensions after cooking, high volume expansion, and strong aroma. Developing high yielding Basmati rice varieties with good cooking quality is a gigantic task. Therefore, identifying the genomic regions governing the grain and cooked kernel dimension traits is of utmost importance for its use in marker-assisted breeding. Although several QTLs governing grain dimension traits have been reported, limited attempts have been made to map QTLs for grain and cooked kernel dimension traits of Basmati rice. In the current study, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was generated from a cross of Sonasal and Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB1121). In the RIL population, there was a significant positive correlation among the length (RRL: rough rice length, MRL: milled rice length, CKL: cooked kernel length) and breadth (RRB: rough rice breadth, MRB: milled rice breadth and CKB: cooked kernel breadth) of the related traits, while there was significant negative correlation between them. QTL mapping has led to the identification of four major genomic regions governing MRL and CKL. Two QTLs co-localize with the earlier reported major gene GS3 and a QTL qGRL7.1, while the remaining two QTLs viz., qCKL3.2 (qMRL3.2) and qCKL4.1 (qMRL4.1) were novel. The QTL qCKL3.2 has been bracketed to a genomic region of 0.78 Mb between the markers RM15247 and RM15281. Annotation of this region identified 18 gene models, of which the genes predicted to encode pentatricopeptides and brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 precursor may be the putative candidate genes. Furthermore, we identified a novel QTL qKER2.1 governing kernel elongation ratio (KER) in Basmati rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Aruna Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Gopala Krishnan S
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepshikha Dixit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - KK Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - M Nagarajan
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, ICAR-IARI, Aduthurai, India
| | - PK Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - NK Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - AK Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: AK Singh,
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Liu J, Singh AK, Wunderlich A, Gramann K, Lin CT. Redesigning navigational aids using virtual global landmarks to improve spatial knowledge retrieval. NPJ Sci Learn 2022; 7:17. [PMID: 35853945 PMCID: PMC9296625 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-022-00132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although beacon- and map-based spatial strategies are the default strategies for navigation activities, today's navigational aids mostly follow a beacon-based design where one is provided with turn-by-turn instructions. Recent research, however, shows that our reliance on these navigational aids is causing a decline in our spatial skills. We are processing less of our surrounding environment and relying too heavily on the instructions given. To reverse this decline, we need to engage more in map-based learning, which encourages the user to process and integrate spatial knowledge into a cognitive map built to benefit flexible and independent spatial navigation behaviour. In an attempt to curb our loss of skills, we proposed a navigation assistant to support map-based learning during active navigation. Called the virtual global landmark (VGL) system, this augmented reality (AR) system is based on the kinds of techniques used in traditional orienteering. Specifically, a notable landmark is always present in the user's sight, allowing the user to continuously compute where they are in relation to that specific location. The efficacy of the unit as a navigational aid was tested in an experiment with 27 students from the University of Technology Sydney via a comparison of brain dynamics and behaviour. From an analysis of behaviour and event-related spectral perturbation, we found that participants were encouraged to process more spatial information with a map-based strategy where a silhouette of the compass-like landmark was perpetually in view. As a result of this technique, they consistently navigated with greater efficiency and better accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- CIBCI Centre, Australian AI Institute, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- CIBCI Centre, Australian AI Institute, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Wunderlich
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Gramann
- CIBCI Centre, Australian AI Institute, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chin-Teng Lin
- CIBCI Centre, Australian AI Institute, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Singh AK, Karmacharya RM, Vaidya S, Shrestha I, Siwakoti S. The Cut-off Value of Great Saphenous Vein Diameter at the Level of Femoral Condyle to Predict the Sapheno-Femoral Junction Incompetence. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:280-283. [PMID: 37042366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Varicose vein is one of the commonest problems that patients visit to a vascular out patient services (OPD). It causes a great deal of morbidity in today's population. Objective To see the correlation between the size of great saphenous and Saphenofemoral junction incompetence. Method From January 2019 till January 2020, 396 patients with symptomatic or clinically diagnosed varicose veins were screened for Saphenofemoral junction reflux. The diameter of the saphenous vein was measured with B-mode imaging, and reflux was quantified based on valve closure time using Doppler spectral measurements. Best saphenous vein diameter cutoff for predicting reflux was determined using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Result Out of 792 limbs, the Great Saphenous Venous System was involved in 452 limbs, the Short Saphenous Venous System was involved in 151 limbs and significant perforators were present in 240 limbs. Mean great Saphenous Vein diameter of diseased limb (Reflux Positive) was 5.68 mm and 4.0 mm in control group (Reflux Negative). Mean Saphenofemoral junction diameter was 8.23 mm in diseased limbs and 6.16 mm in control limbs. Receiver operating characteristics curve showed great saphenous vein diameter at femoral condyle of 4.5 mm as best cut-off value for diagnosis of sapheno femoral junction reflux. Conclusion Great Saphenous Vein diameter at femoral condyle of 4.5 mm is the best cut-off value for diagnosis Saphenofemoral junction reflux. The Sensitivity and specificity of this cut off value is 81.8% and 71% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- National Consultant, WHO, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R M Karmacharya
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Vaidya
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - I Shrestha
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Siwakoti
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Singh AK, Vidyadhari A, Singh H, Haider K, Kumar A, Sharma M. Role of colchicine in the management of COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis of cohort and randomized controlled trials. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 16:101097. [PMID: 35791420 PMCID: PMC9245328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colchicine is well known drug for the treatment of acute gout. Recently, it has also been used in the management of COVID-19 patients. Aim The aim of current study is to find out the role of colchicine in COVID-19 patients. Material & methods The relevant studies were searched in PubMed/Medline, Google scholar and clinical trail.gov.com till inception and sorted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality assessment of studies were done using Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The pooled estimate was calculated as odd ratio and pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval. A random effect model was used and publication bias was assessed qualitatively by trim and fill method. Results Out of 38 studies, a total of 6 studies were found relevant for the analysis containing 1146 patients (705 males and 441 females). The pooled odd ratio was found to be 0.35 [0.23, 0.53] which indicate significance reduction of mortality in colchicine group as compared to non-colchicine group. The pooled prevalence of the patients treated with colchicine were found to be significant [0.11(0.03, 0.24)]. The heterogeneity among studies was also found to be low (I2 = 11%). However, funnel plot has indicated the involvement of publication bias [Egger: bias = 10.168291 (95% CI = 5.042044 to 15.294537) P = 0.0053]. Conclusion Colchicine might be helpful in reduction of mortality in the management of COVID-19 patients. However, further studies are required to confirm its exact role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Division of Pharmacology) School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Arya Vidyadhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Harmandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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McDonald AJ, Keil A, Srivastava A, Craufurd P, Kishore A, Kumar V, Paudel G, Singh S, Singh AK, Sohane RK, Malik RK. Time management governs climate resilience and productivity in the coupled rice-wheat cropping systems of eastern India. Nat Food 2022; 3:542-551. [PMID: 37117949 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
India will need to produce 30% more wheat by 2050, and these gains must principally come from intensification in eastern India where low productivity is common. Through a dense network of on-farm surveys for the rice-wheat system in this region, we show that contemporary wheat sowing dates have a central influence on achieved and attainable yields, superseding all other crop management, soil and varietal factors. We estimate that untapped wheat production potential will increase by 69% with achievable adjustments to wheat sowing dates without incurring undesirable trade-offs with rice productivity, irrigation requirements or profitability. Our findings also indicate that transformative gains in wheat yields are only possible in eastern India if rice and wheat are managed as a coupled system. Steps taken to 'keep time' through better management of the annual cropping calendar will pay dividends for food security, profitability and climate resilience now and as a foundation for adaptation to progressive climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McDonald
- Soil and Crops Sciences-School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Amit Srivastava
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - Peter Craufurd
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Regional Office, Lalitpur District, Nepal
| | - Avinash Kishore
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), New Delhi, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Gokul Paudel
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Regional Office, Lalitpur District, Nepal
| | - Sudhanshu Singh
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - R K Sohane
- Bihar Agricultural University (BAU), Sabour, India
| | - R K Malik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), New Delhi, India
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Ravikiran KT, Gopala Krishnan S, Abhijith KP, Bollinedi H, Nagarajan M, Vinod KK, Bhowmick PK, Pal M, Ellur RK, Singh AK. Genome-Wide Association Mapping Reveals Novel Putative Gene Candidates Governing Reproductive Stage Heat Stress Tolerance in Rice. Front Genet 2022; 13:876522. [PMID: 35734422 PMCID: PMC9208292 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.876522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature rise predicted for the future will severely affect rice productivity because the crop is highly sensitive to heat stress at the reproductive stage. Breeding tolerant varieties is an economically viable option to combat heat stress, for which the knowledge of target genomic regions associated with the reproductive stage heat stress tolerance (RSHT) is essential. A set of 192 rice genotypes of diverse origins were evaluated under natural field conditions through staggered sowings for RSHT using two surrogate traits, spikelet fertility and grain yield, which showed significant reduction under heat stress. These genotypes were genotyped using a 50 k SNP array, and the association analysis identified 10 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for grain yield, of which one QTN (qHTGY8.1) was consistent across the different models used. Only two out of 10 MTAs coincided with the previously reported QTLs, making the remaing eight novel. A total of 22 QTNs were observed for spikelet fertility, among which qHTSF5.1 was consistently found across three models. Of the QTNs identified, seven coincided with previous reports, while the remaining QTNs were new. The genes near the QTNs were found associated with the protein–protein interaction, protein ubiquitination, stress signal transduction, and so forth, qualifying them to be putative for RSHT. An in silico expression analysis revealed the predominant expression of genes identified for spikelet fertility in reproductive organs. Further validation of the biological relevance of QTNs in conferring heat stress tolerance will enable their utilization in improving the reproductive stage heat stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Ravikiran
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K P Abhijith
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - H Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M Nagarajan
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, ICAR-IARI, Aduthurai, India
| | - K K Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - R K Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Das S, Das S, Singh AK, Datta A. 3-aminoquinoline: a turn-on fluorescent probe for preferential solvation in binary solvent mixtures. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35697038 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3-Aminoquinoline (3AQ) has been used as a fluorescent probe for preferential solvation in hexane-ethanol solvent mixtures. Results of the present experiment have been put into context by comparison with prior observations with 5-aminoquinoline (5AQ) as the probe. 3AQ exhibits a relatively small change of dipole moment (Δμ= 2.2 D) upon photoexcitation, compared to 5AQ (Δμ= 6.1D), which might appear to be a hindrance in the way of its use as a solvation probe. Indeed, the values of parameters like spectral shifts are smaller for the present experiment with 3AQ. At the smallest concentration of alcohol used, its local mole fraction around the probe is significantly lower than in the previous experiments with 5AQ. However, these apparent disadvantages are outweighed by the significant increase in fluorescence intensity and lifetime observed with increasing concentration of ethanol in the solvent mixture, as opposed to the drastic fluorescence quenching that occurs for 5AQ. This is a marked advantage in the use of 3AQ in studies like the present one. The local mole fraction of ethanol and preferential solvation index experienced by 3AQ are in line with those reported for 5AQ. The disadvantage of the smaller magnitude of Δμpersists in the time resolved fluorescence experiments, for solvent mixtures with very low ethanol content. Negligible wavelength dependence of fluorescence transients of 3AQ is observed forxp= 0.002,. However, this effect is outweighed at higher alcohol concentrations, for which nanosecond dynamics of preferential solvation is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shirsendu Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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VK A, Vairat AD, Minz PS, Singh AK, Chitranayak M, Juneja AK, Jayswal D. Whey removal characteristics during conventional production of chhana. Indian J Dairy Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2022.v75i03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Whey removal phenomena generally studied in terms of whey removal rate, chhana weight and moisture content during chhana production process. Despite all these above factors, moisture content concerned to be the important one to maintain its soft texture and suitability for manufacturing of diversified products. The present study was undertaken to identify best model to express whey draining process so as to predict the relevant characteristics such as moisture ratio, moisture content and moisture removal rate. Whey removal rate was pursued for different cow milk quantities (5, 10, 15 and 20 kg) using delayed straining technique for gravimetric removal of whey from the chhana mass. Among the mathematical models, Logarithmic model was found best in describing the whey draining characteristics and predicting the moisture ratio of chhana. Whey removal characteristics provides important insights for the development of equipments for chhana production, downstream processing equipments for whey and online sensors for monitoring the process that regulates the moisture content and final quality of chhana and chhana based products. The novelty of the work lied on the incorporation of mathematical modeling to the chhana production process.
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Kapardi M, Pithapuram MV, Rangayyan YM, Iyengar RS, Singh AK, Sripada S, Raghavan M. In-silico neuro musculoskeletal model reproduces the movement types obtained by spinal micro stimulation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 220:106804. [PMID: 35436659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Virtual patients and physiologies allow experimentation, design, and early-stage clinical trials in-silico. Virtual patient technology for human movement systems that encompasses musculoskeleton and its neural control are few and far in between. Our major goal is to create a neuro- musculoskeletal upper limb in-silico model, which is modular in architecture and generates movement as an emergent phenomenon out of a multiscale co-simulation of spinal cord neural control and musculoskeletal dynamics. METHODS The model is developed on the NEUROiD movement simulation platform that enables a co-simulation of popular neural simulator NEURON and the musculoskeletal simulator OpenSim. We further characterized and demonstrated the use of this model in generating a range of commonly observed upper limb movements by means of a spatio-temporal stimulation pattern delivered to the cervical spinal cord. RESULTS We were able to characterize the model based on proprioception (Ia, Ib and II fibers), afferent conduction delay and inital postures of the musculoskeletal system. A smooth movement was achieved in all the considered experiments. The generated movements in all degrees of freedom were reproduced in accordance with the previous experimental studies. CONCLUSION In this work, design and development of the upper limb model was described in a modular fashion, while reusing existing models and modules. We believe this work enables a first and small step towards an in-silico paradigms for understanding upper limb movement, disease pathology, medication, and rehabilitation.
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Dinh TH, Singh AK, Linh Trung N, Nguyen DN, Lin CT. EEG Peak Detection in Cognitive Conflict Processing Using Summit Navigator and Clustering-based Ranking. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:1548-1556. [PMID: 35635834 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3179255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Correct detection of peaks in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is of essence due to the significant correlation of those potentials with cognitive performance and disorders. This paper proposes a novel and non-parametric approach to detect prediction error negativity (PEN) in cognitive conflict processing. The PEN candidates are first located from the input signal via an adaptation of a recent effective method for local maxima extraction, processed in a multi-scale manner. The found candidates are then fused and ranked based on their shape and location-based features. False positives caused by candidates' magnitude are eliminated by rotating the sorted candidate list where the one with the second-best ranking score will be identified as PEN. The EEG data collected from a 3D object selection task have been used to verify the efficacy of the proposed approach. Compared with the state-of-the-art peak detection techniques, the proposed method shows an improvement of at least 2.67% in accuracy and 6.27% in sensitivity while requires only about 4 ms to process an epoch. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed technique in the detection of PEN in cognitive conflict processing would lead to promising applications in performance improvement of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).
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Jena B, Bajish CC, Turner J, Ravichandran M, Kshitija S, Anilkumar N, Singh AK, Pradhan PK, Ray Y, Saini S. Mechanisms associated with the rapid decline in sea ice cover around a stranded ship in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153379. [PMID: 35085627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the satellite data era starting from 1979, the extent of Antarctic sea ice increased moderately for the first 37 years. However, the extent decreased to record low levels from 2016 to 2020, with the drop being greatest in the Weddell and Lazarev Seas of the Southern Ocean. An important question for the scientific fraternity and policymakers is to understand what ocean-atmospheric processes triggered such a rapid decline in sea ice. We employ in-situ, satellite, and atmospheric reanalysis data to examine the causative mechanism of anomalous sea ice variability in the Lazarev Sea at a time of ice growth in the annual cycle (March-April 2019), when a cargo ship was stuck in extensive ice cover and freed following the unusual decline in sea ice. High-resolution Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar captured a distinct view of the ship location and track within extensive ice cover of fast sea ice, dense pack ice, and icebergs in the Lazarev Sea on 27 March 2019. Subsequently, the sea ice cover declined and reached the fourth lowest extent in the entire satellite record during April 2019 which was 25.6% lower than the long-term mean value of 2.65 × 106 km2. We show that the anomalous sea ice variability was due to the occurrence of eastward-moving polar cyclones, including a quasi-stationary explosive development that impacted sea ice through extreme changes in ocean-atmospheric conditions. The cyclone-induced dynamic (poleward propagation of ocean waves and ice motion) and thermodynamic (heat and moisture plumes from midlatitudes, ocean mixed layer warming) processes coupled with high tides provided a conducive environment for an exceptional decline in sea ice over the region of ship movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jena
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India.
| | - C C Bajish
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - J Turner
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Ravichandran
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - S Kshitija
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - N Anilkumar
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - A K Singh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - P K Pradhan
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Y Ray
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - S Saini
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
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Singh AK, Dhiman TK, Lakshmi GBVS, Raj R, Jha SK, Solanki PR. Rapid and label-free detection of Aflatoxin-B1 viamicrofluidic electrochemical biosensor based on manganese (III) oxide (Mn 3O 4) synthesized by co-precipitation route at room temperature. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:285501. [PMID: 35299158 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5ee2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin, naturally occurring in food items, and it causes several types of lethal diseases. Therefore, a rapid and convenient detection method for AFB1 is the first step toward overcoming the effect of AFB1. The current work presents the development of an efficient microfluidic electrochemical-based biosensor using tri-manganese tetroxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4nps) for AFB1 detection. The Mn3O4nps were synthesized at room temperature through the co-precipitation route. Its phase purity, structural and morphological studies have been characterized through x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mask-less UV-lithography was carried out to fabricate the three-electrode chip and microfluidic channel of the microfluidic electrochemical biosensing system. The designed microfluidic immunosensor (BSA/Ab-AFB1/Mn3O4/ITO) was fabricated using the three-electrode chip, microfluidic channel in poly-dimethyl siloxane. The fabricated sensor exhibited the 3.4μA ml ng-1cm-2sensitivity and had the lowest lower detection limit of 0.295 pg ml-1with the detection range of 1 pg ml-1to 300 ng ml-1. Additionally, the spiked study was also performed with this immunoelectrode and a recovery rate was obtained of 108.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
- School of Physical Sciences, JNU, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Dhiman
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
| | - G B V S Lakshmi
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Rishi Raj
- Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | | | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067, India
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Dubey S, John D, Arora AK, Mathur U, Singh AK. Perception of Employees Regarding the Quality Management System Implemented at a Tertiary Care Eye Hospital in North India: A Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of Health Management 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634221087788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Quality management in healthcare is critical for hospitals and everyone in the loop —from physicians to support staff—needs to be aware of and involved in this process. Objectives: To assess the perception of employees about the quality management system (QMS) implemented at a tertiary care eye hospital in north India and to use it to identify scope for further improvement. Methods: This cross-sectional mixed-method study involved both questionnaire-based survey and an in-depth interview by a third party. The questionnaire had 12 questions to assess the changes in culture, infrastructure, environment, system, operation theatre and outpatient department. Employees shared their opinion about improvements brought by the QMS in eight years. Respondents were divided into five groups based on their job description: (i) doctors, (ii) technical staff (nursing/operation theatre/laboratory), (iii) optometrists/opticians/audiologists, (iv) patient care executives and (v) human resources/administration/others. Results: Of the 73 employees interviewed, 94.5% perceived an improved treatment and care process and 91.8% perceived improved treatment results. According to 83.6% of the employees, they were encouraged to report patient safety concerns and 71.2% saw improved incidence and adverse event management. The QMS has increased patient satisfaction according to 83%, while 91.8% felt it improved the profile of the hospital. The employees stated no negative effects of the QMS except a long waiting time of the patients and the duplication of paperwork. Conclusion: QMS has brought many positive changes across the hospital. Still, there is scope to reduce the patient waiting time and paperwork duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dubey
- Glaucoma Services, Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
| | - D. John
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru
| | - A K Arora
- Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
| | | | - A K Singh
- Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
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Bishokarma S, Thapa U, Thapa M, Singh AK, Gurung S, Aryal B, Maharjan AM, Lakshmipathy G. Dysnatremia in Traumatic Brain Injury and its Association with Outcome. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:155-160. [PMID: 37017158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury on its own results in significant mortality and morbidity but it also contributes to complications that manifest as dysnatremia in the majority of cases. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the association of hyponatremia and hypernatremia with the severity of traumatic brain injury and its impact on mortality. Method This is a retrospective, descriptive, and analytic study conducted during a 1-year period from March 2018 to March 2019. The study population was selected from the patients presenting to the emergency department with TBI in the Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal. All the patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of age were enrolled in the study. Patients with known renal disease due to the higher incidence of electrolyte disbalance were excluded. Association of outcome with hyponatremia and hypernatremia were sought using chi-square, fisher exact test and independent t test using SPSS ver 20. Result Over a period of 1 year, 367 patients with traumatic brain injuries were treated in our hospital. Hyponatremia was seen among 55 patients (14.9%) and hypernatremia was seen among 22 patients (5.99%). The age range of patients included in the study was 16 to 87 with a mean age of 37.96 ± 16.512 years. The male to female ratio was calculated as 3.2:1. Mild, moderate, and severe head injuries were 286 (77.9%), 37 (10.1%), and 44 (12%) respectively. Surgical intervention was performed among 77(21%) individuals. Our series showed an association between the severity of traumatic brain injury and hyponatremia however didn't show an association between the severity of traumatic brain injury and the development of hypernatremia. Conclusion We concluded that the severity of head injury is associated with severity of hyponatremia but not with severity of hypernatremia. Similarly, a strong association existed between the severity of hypernatremia and outcome of patients. However, such association was not seen with hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bishokarma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - U Thapa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Thapa
- Department of Neurology, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Gurung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Aryal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Ms Maharjan
- Department of Neurology, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - G Lakshmipathy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Dubey CS, Usham AL, Mishra BK, Shukla DP, Singh PK, Singh AK. Anthropogenic arsenic menace in contaminated water near thermal power plants and coal mining areas of India. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:1099-1127. [PMID: 34173907 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining and coal combustion in thermal power plants (TPPs) are the major anthropogenic sources of arsenic (As) contamination in many different industrial regions. In this study of industrial regions of West Bengal and Singrauli, it is observed that there is an anthropogenic contribution to the contamination from As-bearing coal. Up to 14.53 mg/kg of As is obtained in coal of West Bengal which also has very high average Fe concentration (16,095 mg/kg) along with high concentration of Cu, Mn and Hg. Similar observations are also found in Singrauli Industrial Region where 3.14 mg/kg of As with very high concentration of Fe 43,867 mg/kg along with high Cu, Mn and Hg concentration is found in coal samples. This low-grade bituminous coal contains arsenopyrite as observed by SEM-EDX. Arsenopyrite is converted to arsenolite upon combustion in these TPPs as observed in XRD. The fly ash has average As concentration of 1.53 mg/kg for West Bengal and 2.38 mg/kg for Singrauli Industrial Region and high concentration of toxic elements. The soil near these TPPs and mining areas is enriched in As, Fe, Hg, Cu and Mn. Not only As but high concentrations of Fe, Hg, Mn are also observed from analysis of water which relates to the anthropogenic inputs. The dissolution of arsenolite in reducing environments caused by periodic flooding releases As into water. Hence, the As contamination in the study area also has anthropogenic origin from coal consumption in TPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Dubey
- Faculty of Science, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, 754006, India
| | - A L Usham
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India.
| | - B K Mishra
- Department of Mining, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, 485001, India
| | - D P Shukla
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, HP, 175001, India
| | - P K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
| | - A K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
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Singh AK, Sri S, Garimella LBVS, Dhiman TK, Sen S, Solanki PR. Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Optical Sensing Platform for Aflatoxin B1 Detection via the Resonance Energy Transfer Phenomenon. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:1179-1186. [PMID: 35179346 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An optical sensing platform for the detection of an important mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), in the absence of a bioactive environment is explored. In this work, a fluorescence-based sensing technique was designed by combining graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and AFB1 via fluorescence quenching, where AFB1 acts as the quencher of GQD fluorescence. GQDs were synthesized through a single-step hydrothermal reaction from the leaves of "curry tree" (Murraya Koenigii) at 200 °C. The fluorescent GQDs were quenched by AFB1 (quencher), which itself is detecting the analyte. Hence, this study reports the direct sensing of the mycotoxin AFB1 without the involvement of inhibitors or biological entities. The possible mode of quenching is the nonradiative resonance energy transfer between the GQDs and the AFB1 molecules. This innovative sensor could detect AFB1 in the range from 5 to 800 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.158 ng mL-1. The interferent study was also carried out in the presence of different mycotoxins and carbohydrates (d-fructose, cellulose, and starch), which demonstrated the high selectivity and robustness of the sensor in the complex sample matrix. The recovery percentage of the spiked samples was also calculated to be up to 106.8%. Thus, this study reports the first GQD based optical sensor for AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India.,School of Physical Sciences, JNU, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Smriti Sri
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Tarun Kumar Dhiman
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sobhan Sen
- School of Physical Sciences, JNU, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
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