1
|
van Niekerk A, Chakraborty S, Bellis C, Chellan P, Prince S, Mapolie SF. Binuclear palladacycles with ionisable and non-ionisable tethers as anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112608. [PMID: 38761581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The search for novel anticancer agents to replace the current platinum-based treatments remains an ongoing process. Palladacycles have shown excellent promise as demonstrated by our previous work which yielded BTC2, a binuclear palladadycle with a non-ionisable polyethylene glycol (PEG) tether. Here, we explore the importance of the PEG-tether length on the anticancer activity of the binuclear palladacycles by comparing three analogous binuclear palladacycles, BTC2, BTC5 and BTC6, in the oestrogen receptor positive MCF7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. In addition, these are compared to another analogue with an ionisable morpholine tether, BTC7. Potent anticancer activity was revealed through cell viability studies (MTT assays) revealed that while BTC6 showed similar potent anticancer activity as BTC2, it was less toxic towards non-cancerous cell lines. Interestingly, BTC7 and BTCF were less potent than the PEGylated palladacycles but showed significantly improved selectivity towards the triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell death analysis showed that BTC7 and BTCF significantly induced apoptosis in both the cancer cell lines while the PEGylated complexes induced both apoptosis and secondary necrosis. Furthermore, experimental and computational DNA binding studies indicated partial intercalation and groove binding as the modes of action for the PEGylated palladacycles. Similarly, experimental and computational BSA binding studies indicated and specific binding sites in BSA dependent on the nature of the tethers on the complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa,; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - C Bellis
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - P Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - S Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - S F Mapolie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh S, Choudhary M. Unusual Ni⋯Ni interaction in Ni(ii) complexes as potential inhibitors for the development of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron drugs. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:895-915. [PMID: 38516589 PMCID: PMC10953495 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Two nickel(ii) coordination complexes [Ni(L)]2(1) and [Ni(L)]n(2) of a tetradentate Schiff base ligand (H2L) derived from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with ethylenediamine were synthesized, designed, and characterized via spectroscopic and single crystal XRD analyses. Both nickel(ii) complexes exhibited unusual Ni⋯Ni interactions and were fully characterized via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Nickel(ii) complexes [Ni(L)]2(1) and [Ni(L)]n(2) crystallize in monoclinic and triclinic crystal systems with P21/c and P1̄ space groups, respectively, and revealed square planar geometry around each Ni(ii) ion. The structure of both the complexes have established the existence of a new kind of metal system containing nickel(ii)-nickel(ii) interactions with a square planar-like geometry about the nickel(ii) atoms. Both square planar Ni(ii) complexes were often stacked with relatively short Ni⋯Ni distances. The non-bonded Ni-Ni distance (Ni⋯Ni separation) seems to be 3.356 Å and 3.214 Å from the nickel atoms of [Ni(L)]2(1) and [Ni(L)]n(2), respectively. These distances are shorter than the sum of their van der Waals radii (4.80 Å) but longer than the sum of their covalent radii (2.50 Å), indicating that there is a Ni⋯Ni interaction but not a Ni-Ni bond. The discrete molecules are π-stacked and connected via weak intermolecular interactions (C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N). Cyclic voltammetry measurements were obtained for both the complexes, and their pharmacokinetic and chemoinformatics properties were also explored. Detailed structural analysis and non-covalent supramolecular interactions were investigated using single-crystal structure analysis and computational approaches. Both the unique structures show good inhibition performance for the Omicron spike proteins of the SARS CoV-2 virus. To gain insights into potential SARS-CoV-2 Omicron drugs and find inhibitors against the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, we examined the molecular docking of the nickel(ii) complexes [Ni(L)]2(1) and [Ni(L)]n(2) with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein (PDB ID: 7WK2 and 7WVO). A strong binding was predicted between Ni(ii) coordination complexes [Ni(L)]2(1) and [Ni(L)]n(2) with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant receptor protein through the negative value of binding affinity. Molecular docking of Nil(ii) complexes [Ni(L)]2(1) and [Ni(L)]n(2) with a DNA duplex (PDB ID: 7D3T) and RNA (PDB ID: 7TDC) binding protein was also studied. Overall, this study suggests that Ni(ii) complexes can be considered as drug candidates against the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna Patna-800005 Bihar India
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna Patna-800005 Bihar India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arabpour Shiraz Z, Sohrabi N, Eslami Moghadam M, Oftadeh M. Molecular docking and spectroscopic study of bovine serum albumin interaction with new anticancer Pt complex with isopentyl dithiocarbamate ligand. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:65-85. [PMID: 37452787 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2233576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is useful in the treatment of cancer, it has a series of side effects that limit its use. Dithiocarbamates reduce the toxicity of platinum due to their structure and the presence of S, and N donating groups. In this article, the interaction of [Pt(bpy)(isopentyl.dtc)]NO3, where bpy is bipyridine and isopentyl.dtc is isopentyl-dithiocarbamate, with BSA, bovine serum albumin has been studied. The molecular binding method, including UV-Vis and fluorescence titration, was carried out in conditions including pH = 7.4 and temperatures of 27 and 37 °C. The negative values of enthalpy (ΔH°b) and entropy (ΔS°b) show that the driving forces of this interaction are hydrogen and van der Waals, and the negative value of the Gibbs free energy, ΔG°b indicates that the interaction proceeds spontaneously. The fluorescence results showed that the quenching mechanism is the static type and the Stern Volmer constant, KSV, was also obtained. The fluorescence titration method data displayed that the quenching mechanism is static. Binding constant (Kb), binding point (n), Hill coefficients, nH, Hill constant, KH, number of binding sites, g, BSA melting temperature, Tm, were also obtained. Finally, the molecular docking method result shows the binding constant, Ki and binding free energy for the platinum complex are -6.53 and 16.39 kcal mol-1, respectively, and also the proper position of binding on BSA can be considered the site I in the subdomain IIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Sohrabi
- Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Oftadeh
- Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The interaction studies of novel imine ligands and palladium(II) complexes with DNA and BSA for drug delivery application: the anti-cancer activity and molecular docking evaluation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
5
|
Abedanzadeh S, Karami K, Rahimi M, Edalati M, Abedanzadeh M, Tamaddon AM, Jahromi MD, Amirghofran Z, Lipkowski J, Lyczko K. Potent cyclometallated Pd(II) antitumor complexes bearing α-amino acids: synthesis, structural characterization, DNA/BSA binding, cytotoxicity and molecular dynamics simulation. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:14891-14907. [PMID: 33075117 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A rational approach was adopted to design high-potential metal-based antitumor agents. A series of organometallic Pd(ii) complexes with a general formula of [Pd{κ2(C,C)-[(C6H4-2)PPh2]CH(CO)C6H4Ph-4}{κ2(N,O)}] (N,O = alanine (Pd-A), valine (Pd-V), leucine (Pd-L), l-isoleucine (Pd-I) and phenylalanine (Pd-F)) were prepared by cyclopalladation of the phosphorus ylide, bridge cleavage reaction and subsequent chelation of natural α-amino acids. The complexes were fully identified using IR and multinuclear 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopic methods. X-ray crystallography exhibited that the Pd(ii) atom is located in a slightly distorted square-planar environment surrounded by C,C-orthometallated phosphorus ylide as well as NO-pendant amino acid functionality. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of new cyclometallated Pd(ii) complexes toward a human leukemia (K562) cancer cell line indicated promising results. The highest cytotoxic activity was discovered in the case of phenylalanine (CH2C6H5). IC50 values of this complex on a panel of human tumor cell lines representative of liver (HepG2), breast (SKBR-3), and ovarian (A2780-Resistance/Sensitive) cancers also indicated promising antitumor effects in comparison with standard cisplatin. The binding interaction ability of the phenylalanine-containing orthopalladated complex, as the most efficient compound, with calf-thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy, competitive emission titration, and circular dichroism (CD) techniques demonstrated the intercalative binding of the Pd(ii) complex with DNA. Molecular docking studies also fully agreed with the experimental data. Examination of the reactivity towards the protein BSA revealed that the static quenching mechanism of BSA intrinsic fluorescence by the Pd(ii) complex with a binding constant (Kb) of ∼105 is indicative of the high affinity of the complex. The competitive binding experiment using site markers with definite binding sites demonstrated that the hydrophobic cavities of site I (subdomain IIA) are responsible for the bimolecular interaction between protein BSA and the complex. Molecular docking studies effectively confirmed the significance of hydrophobic interactions in Pd(ii)-BSA binding. The results of this study could greatly contribute to exploring new potent metal-based anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Abedanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156/83111, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hashemi S, Karami K, Saberi Dehkordi Z, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Esmaeili SA. Novel P,C-orthopalladated complexes containing histidine and phenylalanine amino acids: synthesis, DNA and BSA interactions, in vitro antitumoral activity and molecular docking approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:5000-5015. [PMID: 33356950 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1865202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel [Pd(o-CH2C6H4P(o-tolyl)2)(histidine)] (1) and [Pd(o-CH2C6H4P(o tolyl)2)(phenylalanine)] (2) P,C-orthopalladated complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy. To study the stability of the compounds in biological media, the complexes were incubated in Tris buffer during 10 days. The absorbance of the compounds remained constant, which confirmed the stability of the complexes in biological media. UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity studies were used to investigate the binding of the complexes with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). These methods along with competitive binding of methylene blue (MB) DNA show that the complexes interact with DNA via groove mode. The UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry of BSA with complexes has shown an α-helix perturbation induced by a particular interaction between the metal complexes and BSA. In addition, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA with the complexes is a static process, according to the fluorescence spectrometry of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The experimental results of site competitive replacement with specific site markers are clear indications that the complexes bind to site I of BSA. Furthermore, both complexes showed significant selective cytotoxic activity against melanoma B16F0 and colon carcinoma C26 cancer cells as well as normal fibroblast NIH cell line. Ultimately, the binding of Pd(II) complexes to DNA and BSA was verified by molecular docking experiment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kazem Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Saberi Dehkordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Esmaeili
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zargoosh K, Reisi Oshtorjani R, Karami K, Hashemi S. Synthesis of a highly fluorescent
N
,
N
‐dimethyl benzylamine–palladium(II) curcuminate complex and its application for determination of trace amounts of water in organic solvents. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 35:69-78. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiomars Zargoosh
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Kazem Karami
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Sara Hashemi
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A novel silver (I) complex of α-keto phosphorus ylide: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, biomolecular interaction studies, molecular docking and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Eswaran J, Sankar NK, Bhuvanesh NSP, Velusamy KM. Ruthenium hydrazone complexes with 1:1 and 1:2 metal–ligand stoichiometry: a comparison of biomolecular interactions and in vitro cytotoxicities. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
DNA G-quadruplexes binding and antitumor activity of palladium aryl oxime ligand complexes encapsulated in either albumin or algal cellulose nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 176:70-79. [PMID: 30594705 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between two Pd complexes, designated as [Pd3(C,N-(C6H4C(Cl) = NO)-4)6] (complex 1) and [Pd3(C12H8C = NO)6] (complex 2), with the human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA, 5'-G3(T2AG3)3-3' (HTG21), were monitored using spectroscopic, biological, and molecular modeling studies. According to the UV-vis results, these complexes can strongly induce and stabilize G-quadruplex DNA structure with Kb1 = 4.5(±0.3) × 106 M-1 and Kb2 = 1.0(±0.2) × 107 M-1via groove mode in comparison with duplex DNA. The release mechanism of the Pd complexes from BSA nanoparticles followed a biphasic pattern unlike that of algal cellulose nanoparticles in vitro. In addition, the cytotoxicity of these complexes on MCF-7 cancer cells and PBMC normal cells was evaluated and compared with cisplatin under similar experimental conditions. Furthermore, to determine and verify the interaction mode of these compounds with G-quadruplex, the molecular docking technique was also performed. Our data clearly demonstrated that complex 2 had higher activity and cytotoxicity than that of complex 1 and could be further investigated in the future as a drug discovery platform.
Collapse
|
11
|
Karami K, Alinaghi M, Amirghofran Z, Lipkowski J, Momtazi-borojeni AA. A saccharinate-bridged palladacyclic dimer with a Pd–Pd bond: experimental and molecular docking studies of the interaction with DNA and BSA and in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03138f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and biological activities of a saccharinate-bridged palladacyclic dimer are reported in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Karami
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Moloud Alinaghi
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Immunology Department
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz 71454
- Iran
| | - Janusz Lipkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-borojeni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology
- School of Medicine
- Student Research Committee
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Mashhad
| |
Collapse
|