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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, Pino García M, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF, Álvarez-Argüelles H. Intussusceptive angiogenesis facilitated by microthrombosis has an important example in angiolipoma. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:29-46. [PMID: 35775452 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The microvasculature of angiolipoma frequently presents thrombi. Our objectives are to assess whether intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) participates in vasculature formation in non-infiltrating angiolipoma and, if so, to explore how thrombi are involved in the IA process. For this purpose, we studied angiolipoma specimens (n: 52), using immunohistochemistry, and confocal and electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of folds and pillars, hallmarks of IA, dividing the vessel lumen. Folds showed a cover formed by reoriented endothelial cells from the vessel wall, or from newly formed folds, and a core initially formed by thrombus fragments (clot components as transitional core), which was replaced by extracellular matrix and invaginating pericytes establishing numerous peg-and-socket junctions with endothelial cells (mature core). A condensed plasmatic electron-dense material surrounded and connected folds and pillars with each other and with the vascular wall, which suggests a clot role in fold/pillar arrangement. In conclusion, we contribute to IA participation in capillary network formation in angiolipoma and the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural events by which microthrombosis facilitates IA. Therefore, in addition to the histogenesis of angiolipoma, we provide an easily obtainable substrate for future studies on clot component action in IA, of clinical and therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab-Hospiten Hospitals, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hugo Álvarez-Argüelles
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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2
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MP, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF, Rodríguez Bello A. Comparison of the Behavior of Perivascular Cells (Pericytes and CD34+ Stromal Cell/Telocytes) in Sprouting and Intussusceptive Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169010. [PMID: 36012273 PMCID: PMC9409369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular cells in the pericytic microvasculature, pericytes and CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes (CD34+SCs/TCs), have an important role in angiogenesis. We compare the behavior of these cells depending on whether the growth of endothelial cells (ECs) from the pre-existing microvasculature is toward the interstitium with vascular bud and neovessel formation (sprouting angiogenesis) or toward the vascular lumen with intravascular pillar development and vessel division (intussusceptive angiogenesis). Detachment from the vascular wall, mobilization, proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation of pericytes and CD34+SCs/TCs, as well as associated changes in vessel permeability and functionality, and modifications of the extracellular matrix are more intense, longer lasting over time, and with a greater energy cost in sprouting angiogenesis than in intussusceptive angiogenesis, in which some of the aforementioned events do not occur or are compensated for by others (e.g., sparse EC and pericyte proliferation by cell elongation and thinning). The governing mechanisms involve cell-cell contacts (e.g., peg-and-socket junctions between pericytes and ECs), multiple autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules and pathways (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, angiopoietins, transforming growth factor B, ephrins, semaphorins, and metalloproteinases), and other factors (e.g., hypoxia, vascular patency, and blood flow). Pericytes participate in vessel development, stabilization, maturation and regression in sprouting angiogenesis, and in interstitial tissue structure formation of the pillar core in intussusceptive angiogenesis. In sprouting angiogenesis, proliferating perivascular CD34+SCs/TCs are an important source of stromal cells during repair through granulation tissue formation and of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumors. Conversely, CD34+SCs/TCs have less participation as precursor cells in intussusceptive angiogenesis. The dysfunction of these mechanisms is involved in several diseases, including neoplasms, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-319317; Fax: +34-922-319279
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab–Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aixa Rodríguez Bello
- Department of Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
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Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ, Kolb M, Jonigk D. Inflammation and intussusceptive angiogenesis in COVID-19: everything in and out of flow. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.03147-2020. [PMID: 33008942 PMCID: PMC7530910 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03147-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany .,Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, Gayoso S, García MP, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Sánchez R, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF. Intussusceptive angiogenesis and its counterpart intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1083-1103. [PMID: 32329808 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is currently considered an important alternative and complementary form of sprouting angiogenesis (SA). Conversely, intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis (IL) is in an initial phase of study. We compare their morphofunctional characteristics, since many can be shared by both processes. To that end, the following aspects are considered: A) The concept of IA and IL as the mechanism by which blood and lymphatic vessels split, expand and remodel through transluminal pillar formations (hallmarks of intussusception). B) Terminology and historical background, with particular reference to the group of Burri, including Djonov and Patan, who initiated and developed the vessel intussusceptive concept in blood vessels. C) Incidence in normal (e.g. in the sinuses of developing lymph nodes) and pathologic conditions, above all in vessel diseases, such as dilated veins in hemorrhoidal disease, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), sinusoidal hemangioma, lobular capillary hemangioma, lymphangiomas/lymphatic malformations and vascular transformation of lymph nodes. D) Differences and complementarity between vessel sprouting and intussusception. E) Characteristics of the cover (endothelial cells) and core (connective tissue components) of pillars and requirements for pillar identification. F) Structures involved in pillar formation, including endothelial contacts of opposite vessel walls, interendothelial bridges, merged adjacent capillaries, vessel loops and spilt pillars. G) Structures resulting from pillars with intussusceptive microvascular growth, arborization, remodeling and segmentation (compartmentalization). H) Influence of intussusception in the morphogenesis of vessel tumors/ pseudotumors; and I) Hemodynamic and molecular control of vessel intussusception, including VEGF, PDGF BB, Hypoxia, Notch, Endoglobin and Nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Gayoso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M P García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins® Megalab-Hospiten Hospitals, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R Sánchez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J L Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Participation of Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in the Morphogenesis of Lobular Capillary Hemangioma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4987. [PMID: 32193418 PMCID: PMC7081232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH), misnamed pyogenic granuloma, only sprouting angiogenesis (SA) has been considered. We assess the occurrence of intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) in LCH and whether IA determines the specific and other focal patterns in the lesion. For this purpose, we study specimens of 120 cases of LCH, using semithin sections (in 10), immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy (in 20). In addition to SA, the results in LCH showed (1) intussusceptive phenomena, including pillars/folds and associated vessel loops, which encircled interstitial tissue structures (ITSs). (2) Two types of evolved loops depending on interendothelial contacts from opposite walls: (a) numerous interendothelial contacts, alternating with capillary-sized lumens (main capillary pattern of the lesion) and (b) few interendothelial contacts, wide open lumens, and intravascular transport of pillars/folds, which were arranged linearly, forming septa (focal sinusoidal-like pattern) or were irregularly grouped (focal intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia, IPEH-like pattern). In conclusion, we demonstrate that IA participates in synergistic interaction with SA in LCH development and that the prevalence of specific intussusceptive phenomena determines the predominant capillary pattern and associated sinusoidal hemangioma-like and IPEH-like patterns in the lesion, which suggest a role of IA as conditioner of vessel tumour/pseudo-tumour morphology.
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MDP, Carrasco JL, Sáez FJ, Díaz-Flores L, González-Gómez M, Madrid JF. Intussusceptive Lymphangiogenesis in Lymphatic Malformations/Lymphangiomas. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2003-2013. [PMID: 31228317 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intussusception in lymphatic vessels has received less attention than in blood vessels. In tumors and pseudotumors of blood vessels with intravascular papillary structures, including sinusoidal hemangioma and intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia, we observed exuberant intussusceptive angiogenesis, as well as the similarity between papillae (term used by pathologists) and pillars/folds (hallmarks of intussusceptive angiogenesis). A similar response could be expected in lymphangiomas (lymphatic malformations and reactive processes rather than tumors) with papillae. The aim of this work is to assess whether papillae/pillars/folds and associated structures (vessel loops and septa) are present in lymphangiomas, and to establish the characteristics and formation of these structures. For this purpose, we selected lymphangiomas with intraluminal papillae (n = 18), including cystic, cavernous, circumscriptum, and progressive types, of which two cases of each type with a greater number of papillae were used for serial histologic sections and immunohistochemistry. The studies showed a) dilated lymphatic spaces giving rise to lymphatic-lymphatic vascular loops, which dissected and encircled perilymphatic structures (interstitial tissue structures/ITSs and pillars/posts), b) ITSs and pillars, surrounded by anti-podoplanin-positive endothelial cells, protruding into the lymphatic spaces (papillary aspect), and c) splitting, remodeling, linear arrangement, and fusion of papillae/pillars/folds, forming papillary networks and septa. In conclusion, as occurs in blood vessel diseases, the development of lymphatic vessel loops, papillae/pillars/folds, and septa (segmentation) supports intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis and suggests a piecemeal form of intussusception. This intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic diseases can provide a basis for further studies of lymphatic intussusception in other conditions, with clinical and therapeutic implications. Anat Rec, 302:2003-2013, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - José L Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence. "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
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Intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis in vascular transformation of lymph node sinuses. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:392-399. [PMID: 30850131 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous lymphatic anastomosing channels in the lymph nodes are the most demonstrative finding of the rare lesion termed "vascular transformation of lymph node sinuses" (VTS). The mechanism of lymphatic vessel formation in VTS has not been studied. Vessel intussusception contributes to vascular expansion, and intraluminal pillars/posts, interstitial tissue structures or larger pillars (ITSs) and folds are the hallmarks of this process in blood vessels. The aim of this work is to assess whether these hallmarks of intussusception occur in VTS lymphatic vessels, indicating intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis. For this purpose, specimens of five cases of VTS were used for serial histological sections, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in confocal microscopy, which enabled us to demonstrate the 3D image that defines the pillars. The studies showed a) meshworks of lymphatic vessels, which form complex loops, resembling sinuses of lymph nodes, b) presence of intralymphatic pillars, ITSs and folds, with a cover of lymphatic endothelial cells expressing podoplanin and a varying-sized connective core (e.g. collagen), and c) increase of vessel meshwork and linear arrangement, splitting and fusion of ITSs, pillars and folds, with remodelling and segmentation. In conclusion, the development of lymphatic vessel loops, ITSs, pillars and folds with segmentation in VTS supports intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis. This mechanism of intussusception is of interest because it participates in VTS histogenesis, contributes to general knowledge of intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis, which has received less attention than intussusception in blood vessels, and provides a basis for further studies in other lymphatic conditions.
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Kapnisis K, Constantinou M, Kyrkou M, Nikolaou P, Anayiotos A, Constantinides G. Nanotribological response of a-C:H coated metallic biomaterials: the cases of stainless steel, titanium, and niobium. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2018; 16:230-240. [PMID: 29974806 DOI: 10.1177/2280800018782840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wear and corrosion have been identified as two of the major forms of medical implant failures. This study aims to improve the surface, protective and tribological characteristics of bare metals used for medical implants, so as to improve scratch resistance and increase lifetime. Methods Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films were deposited, using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), on stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metal plates. Nanomechanical and nanotribological responses were investigated before and after a-C:H deposition. Film thickness and density were quantified through X-ray reflectivity, and surface morphology before and after deposition were measured using atomic force microscopy, whereas the tribomechanical characteristics were probed using instrumented indentation. Results and conclusions Films of approximately 40 nm in thickness and density of 1.7 g/cm3 were deposited. The a-C:H films reduce the roughness and coefficient of friction while improving the tribomechanical response compared with bare metals for Ti, SS and Nb plates. The very good tribomechanical properties of a-C:H make it a promising candidate material for protective coating on metallic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kapnisis
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Marios Constantinou
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,2 Research Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kyrkou
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Petros Nikolaou
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,2 Research Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Constantinides
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,2 Research Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, García P, Sáez FJ, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF. Segmentation of Dilated Hemorrhoidal Veins in Hemorrhoidal Disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2018; 205:120-128. [PMID: 29913446 DOI: 10.1159/000489250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vein segmentation is a vascular remodeling process mainly studied in experimental conditions and linked to hemodynamic factors, with clinical implications. The aim of this work is to assess the morphologic characteristics, associated findings, and mechanisms that participate in vein segmentation in humans. To this end, we examined 156 surgically obtained cases of hemorrhoidal disease. Segmentation occurred in 65 and was most prominent in 15, which were selected for serial sections, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence procedures. The dilated veins showed differently sized spaces, separated by thin septa. Findings associated with vein segmentation were: (a) vascular channels formed from the vein intima endothelial cells (ECs) and located in the vein wall and/or intraluminal fibrin, (b) vascular loops formed by interconnected vascular channels (venous-venous connections), which encircled vein wall components or fibrin and formed folds/pillars/papillae (FPPs; the encircling ECs formed the FPP cover and the encircled components formed the core), and (c) FPP splitting, remodeling, alignment, and fusion, originating septa. Thrombosis was observed in some nonsegmented veins, while the segmented veins only occasionally contained thrombi. Dense microvasculature was also present in the interstitium and around veins. In conclusion, the findings suggest that hemorrhoidal vein segmentation is an adaptive process in which a piecemeal angiogenic mechanism participates, predominantly by intussusception, giving rise to intravascular FPPs, followed by linear rearrangement, remodeling and fusion of FPPs, and septa formation. Identification of other markers, as well as the molecular bases, hemodynamic relevance, and possible therapeutic implications of vein segmentation in dilated hemorrhoidal veins require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Hospiten, Santa Cruz, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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10
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MP, González-Gómez M, Sáez FJ, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF. Sinusoidal hemangioma and intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia: Interrelated processes that share a histogenetic piecemeal angiogenic mechanism. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:255-262. [PMID: 29486986 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sinusoidal hemangioma, characterized by interconnecting thin-walled vascular spaces, may present papillae/pseudo-papillae and zones that resemble intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH). Our objectives are to explore the existence of zones in IPEH with sinusoidal hemangioma characteristics, the mechanism of papillary and septa formation in sinusoidal hemangioma and the comparison of this mechanism with that in IPEH. For these purposes, specimens of 4 cases of each entity were selected and studied by serial histologic sections and by immunochemistry and immunofluorescence procedures. The results showed a) zones with characteristics of sinusoidal hemangioma in IPEH cases, b) presence in both entities of papillae with a cover formed by a monolayer of CD34+ and CD31+ endothelial cells (ECs) and a core formed by either type I collagen and αSMA+ cells (presenting a pericyte/smooth muscle cell aspect) or thrombotic components, and c) a similar piecemeal angiogenic mechanism in papillary formation, including sprouting of intimal ECs toward the vessel wall itself or intravascular thrombi, formation of vascular loops that encircle and separate vessel wall or thrombus components, and parietal or thrombotic papillae development. The major differences between both entities were the number, arrangement and substrate of papillae: myriad, densely grouped, parietal and thrombotic papillae in IPEH, and a linear arrangement of predominant parietal papillae in sinusoidal hemangioma, originating septa (segmentation). In conclusion, sinusoidal hemangioma and IPEH are interrelated processes, which share morphologic findings and a piecemeal angiogenic mechanism, combining sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis, and leading to papillary formation and vessel segmentation.
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11
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Xiang W, Reglin B, Nitzsche B, Maibier M, Rong WW, Hoffmann B, Ruggeri A, Guimarães P, Secomb TW, Pries AR. Dynamic remodeling of arteriolar collaterals after acute occlusion in chick chorioallantoic membrane. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28075525 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After arteriolar occlusion, collaterals enlarge and initially elevated WSS normalizes. While most previous studies focused on endpoints of such adaptive changes in larger collaterals, the present investigation aimed to continuously determine the relation between WSS and diameter in microvascular collaterals during adaptive reactions. METHODS In Hamburger-Hamilton stage 40 CAMs, junction points between arteriolar segments were identified and the third upstream segment on one side was occluded. Intravital microscopy recordings were taken for 24 hours post-occlusion. Segment diameter and blood velocity were measured: WSS and capillary density were calculated. RESULTS After occlusion, vascular diameters exhibited an immediate decrease, then increased with a time constant of 2.5 ± 0.8 hours and reached a plateau of up to 60% above baseline after about 7 hours. Vascular tone showed no significant change. WSS exhibited an immediate increase post-occlusion and linearly returned to baseline after about 12 hours. Local WSS change and diameter change rate showed similar patterns during the initial but not the later phase of post-occlusive adaptation. CONCLUSIONS CAM collaterals undergo fast structural remodeling within 24 hours post-occlusion. This remodeling might be driven by local WSS and by other regulators within the vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xiang
- Department of Physiology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Reglin
- Department of Physiology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Maibier
- Department of Physiology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen Wei Rong
- Department of Physiology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ruggeri
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pedro Guimarães
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Axel R Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MDP, Sáez FJ, Díaz-Flores L, Madrid JF. Piecemeal Mechanism Combining Sprouting and Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in Intravenous Papillary Formation Induced by PGE2 and Glycerol. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1781-1792. [PMID: 28340517 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that in human intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), vein wall vascularization occurs in association with myriad papillae, a large part of which formed in the vascularized vein wall. Previously, using an animal model, we observed that PGE2 and glycerol administration around the femoral vein originates intense vascularization of the vein wall from its intimal endothelial cells (ECs). This vascularization is similar to that in IPEH. The aim of this study is to assess the mechanism of papillary formation, using this model after demonstrating papillary development in neo-vascularized femoral vein walls. In semithin and ultrathin sections, the sequential vascular and papillary development was as follows: (a) activation of vein intimal ECs, (b) sprouting of intimal ECs towards the vein media layer and microvessel development, (c) interconnection between neighboring microvessels originated elementary loops, which encircled vein wall components and formed papillae. The encircling ECs formed the papillary cover, and the encircled component formed the core. The papillae showed a similar structure to that of folds and pillars in intussusceptive angiogenesis, and (d) origin of secondary and complex loop systems by interconnection of neighboring elementary loops and by splitting of papillae by new loops, with abundant papillary development. In conclusion, the results support a piecemeal angiogenic mechanism in papillary formation, with association of sprouting and intussusceptive types of angiogenesis. Further studies are needed to assess whether the intravascular papillae described in several pathologic processes, including vessel tumors, such as Dabska's tumor, retiform hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma, follow a similar mechanism. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1781-1792, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Del Pino García
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospiten® Hospitals, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence. "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
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Real-Time Label-Free Embolus Detection Using In Vivo Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156269. [PMID: 27227413 PMCID: PMC4881933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolic events are one of the world's leading causes of death among patients. Embolus or clot formations have several etiologies including paraneoplastic, post-surgery, cauterization, transplantation, or extracorporeal circuits. Despite its medical significance, little progress has been made in early embolus detection, screening and control. The aim of our study is to test the utility of the in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) technique for non-invasive embolus detection in real-time. Using in vivo PAFC, emboli were non-invasively monitored in the bloodstream of two different mouse models. The tumor-free mouse model consisted of two groups, one in which the limbs were clamped to produce vessel stasis (7 procedures), and one where the mice underwent surgery (7 procedures). The melanoma-bearing mouse model also consisted of two groups, one in which the implanted tumor underwent compression (8 procedures), and one where a surgical excision of the implanted tumor was performed (8 procedures). We demonstrated that the PAFC can detect a single embolus, and has the ability to distinguish between erythrocyte-rich (red) and leukocyte/platelet-rich (white) emboli in small vessels. We show that, in tumor-bearing mice, the level of circulating emboli was increased compared to tumor-free mice (p = 0.0013). The number of circulating emboli temporarily increased in the tumor-free control mice during vessel stasis (p = 0.033) and after surgical excisions (signed-rank p = 0.031). Similar observations were noted during tumor compression (p = 0.013) and after tumor excisions (p = 0.012). For the first time, it was possible to detect unlabeled emboli in vivo non-invasively, and to confirm the presence of pigmented tumor cells within circulating emboli. The insight on embolus dynamics during cancer progression and medical procedures highlight the clinical potential of PAFC for early detection of cancer and surgery-induced emboli to prevent the fatal thromboembolic complications by well-timed therapy.
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Rowland KJ, Diaz-Miron J, Guo J, Erwin CR, Mei J, Worthen GS, Warner BW. CXCL5 is required for angiogenesis, but not structural adaptation after small bowel resection. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:976-80; discussion 980. [PMID: 24888846 PMCID: PMC4044536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal adaptation is the compensatory response to massive small bowel resection (SBR) and characterized by lengthening of villi and deepening of crypts, resulting in increased mucosal surface area. Previous studies have demonstrated increased villus capillary blood vessel density after SBR, suggesting a role for angiogenesis in the development of resection-induced adaptation. Since we have previously shown enhanced expression of the proangiogenic chemokine CXCL5 after SBR, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of disrupted CXCL5 expression on intestinal adaptation. METHODS CXCL5 knockout (KO) and C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice were subjected to either a 50% proximal SBR or sham operation. Ileal tissue was harvested on postoperative day 7. To assess for adaptation, villus height and crypt depth were measured. Submucosal capillary density was measured by CD31 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Both CXCL5-KO and WT mice demonstrated normal structural features of adaptation. Submucosal capillary density increased in the WT but not in the KO mice following SBR. CONCLUSION CXCL5 is required for increased intestinal angiogenesis during resection-induced adaptation. Since adaptive villus growth occurs despite impaired CXCL5 expression and enhanced angiogenesis, this suggests that the growth of new blood vessels is not needed for resection-induced mucosal surface area expansion following massive SBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Rowland
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jose Diaz-Miron
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher R. Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Junjie Mei
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - G. Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brad W. Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St Louis Children’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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15
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Intussusceptive angiogenesis: expansion and remodeling of microvascular networks. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:499-509. [PMID: 24668225 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a dynamic intravascular process capable of dramatically modifying the structure of the microcirculation. The distinctive structural feature of intussusceptive angiogenesis is the intussusceptive pillar--a cylindrical microstructure that spans the lumen of small vessels and capillaries. The extension of the intussusceptive pillar appears to be a mechanism for pruning redundant or inefficient vessels, modifying the branch angle of bifurcating vessels and duplicating existing vessels. Despite the biological importance and therapeutic potential, intussusceptive angiogenesis remains a mystery, in part, because it is an intravascular process that is unseen by conventional light microscopy. Here, we review several fundamental questions in the context of our current understanding of both intussusceptive and sprouting angiogenesis. (1) What are the physiologic signals that trigger pillar formation? (2) What endothelial and blood flow conditions specify pillar location? (3) How do pillars respond to the mechanical influence of blood flow? (4) What biological influences contribute to pillar extension? The answers to these questions are likely to provide important insights into the structure and function of microvascular networks.
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Ackermann M, Tsuda A, Secomb TW, Mentzer SJ, Konerding MA. Intussusceptive remodeling of vascular branch angles in chemically-induced murine colitis. Microvasc Res 2013; 87:75-82. [PMID: 23485588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a developmental process linked to both blood vessel replication and remodeling in development. To investigate the prediction that the process of intussusceptive angiogenesis is associated with vessel angle remodeling in adult mice, we systematically evaluated corrosion casts of the mucosal plexus in mice with trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The mice demonstrated a significant decrease in vessel angles in both TNBS-induced and DSS-induced colitis within 4 weeks of the onset of colitis (p<.001). Corrosion casts 28-30 days after DSS treatment were studied for a variety of detailed morphometric changes. The vessel diameter and interbranch distance were significantly increased in the descending colon (p<.05). Also consistent with vessel growth, intervascular distance was decreased in the descending colon (p<.05). In contrast, no statistically significant morphometric changes were noted in the ascending colon. The morphometry of the corrosion casts also demonstrated 1) a similar orientation of the remodeled angles within the XY coordinate plane of the mucosal plexus, and 2) alternating periodicity of remodeled and unremodeled vessel angles. We conclude that inflammation-associated intussusceptive angiogenesis in adult mice is associated with vessel angle remodeling. Further, the morphometry of the vessel angles suggests the influence of blood flow on the location and orientation of remodeled vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Forouzan O, Yang X, Sosa JM, Burns JM, Shevkoplyas SS. Spontaneous oscillations of capillary blood flow in artificial microvascular networks. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:123-32. [PMID: 22732344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous computational studies have suggested that the capillary blood flow oscillations frequently observed in vivo can originate spontaneously from the non-linear rheological properties of blood, without any regulatory input. Testing this hypothesis definitively in experiments involving real microvasculature has been difficult because in vivo the blood flow in capillaries is always actively controlled by the host. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis experimentally and to investigate the relative contribution of different blood cells to the capillary blood flow dynamics under static boundary conditions and in complete isolation from the active regulatory mechanisms mediated by the blood vessels in vivo. To accomplish this objective, we passed whole blood and re-constituted blood samples (purified red blood cells suspended in buffer or in autologous plasma) through an artificial microvascular network (AMVN) comprising completely inert, microfabricated vessels with the architecture inspired by the real microvasculature. We found that the flow of blood in capillaries of the AMVN indeed oscillates with characteristic frequencies in the range of 0-0.6 Hz, which is in a very good agreement with previous computational studies and in vivo observations. We also found that the traffic of leukocytes through the network (typically neglected in computational modeling) plays an important role in generating the oscillations. This study represents the key piece of experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that spontaneous, self-sustained oscillations of capillary blood flow can be generated solely by the non-linear rheological properties of blood flowing through microvascular networks, and provides an insight into the mechanism of this fundamentally important microcirculatory phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Forouzan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States
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Galanzha EI, Sarimollaoglu M, Nedosekin DA, Keyrouz SG, Mehta JL, Zharov VP. In vivo flow cytometry of circulating clots using negative photothermal and photoacoustic contrasts. Cytometry A 2011; 79:814-24. [PMID: 21976458 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Conventional photothermal (PT) and photoacousic (PA) imaging, spectroscopy, and cytometry are preferentially based on positive PT/PA effects, when signals are above background. Here, we introduce PT/PA technique based on detection of negative signals below background. Among various new applications, we propose label-free in vivo flow cytometry of circulating clots. No method has been developed for the early detection of clots of different compositions as a source of thromboembolism including ischemia at strokes and myocardial infarction. When a low-absorbing, platelet-rich clot passes a laser-irradiated vessel volume, a transient decrease in local absorption results in an ultrasharp negative PA hole in blood background. Using this phenomenon alone or in combination with positive contrasts, we demonstrated identification of white, red, and mixed clots on a mouse model of myocardial infarction and human blood. The concentration and size of clots were measured with threshold down to few clots in the entire circulation with size as low as 20 μm. This multiparameter diagnostic platform using portable personal high-speed flow cytometer with negative dynamic contrast mode has potential to real-time defining risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and for prognosis and prevention of stroke or use clot count as a marker of therapy efficacy. Possibility for label-free detection of platelets, leukocytes, tumor cells or targeting themby negative PA probes (e.g., nonabsorbing beads or bubbles) is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Styp-Rekowska B, Hlushchuk R, Pries AR, Djonov V. Intussusceptive angiogenesis: pillars against the blood flow. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 202:213-23. [PMID: 21535415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of vascular networks to functional demands needs vessel growth, vessel regression and vascular remodelling. Biomechanical forces resulting from blood flow play a key role in these processes. It is well-known that metabolic stimuli, mechanical forces and flow patterns can affect gene expression and remodelling of vascular networks in different ways. For instance, in the sprouting type of angiogenesis related to hypoxia, there is no blood flow in the rising capillary sprout. In contrast, it has been shown that an increase of wall shear stress initiates the splitting type of angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Otherwise, during development, both sprouting and intussusception act in parallel in building the vascular network, although with differences in spatiotemporal distribution. Thereby, in addition to regulatory molecules, flow dynamics support the patterning and remodelling of the rising vascular tree. Herewith, we present an overview of angiogenic processes with respect to intussusceptive angiogenesis as related to local haemodynamics.
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Lee GS, Filipovic N, Lin M, Gibney BC, Simpson DC, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Intravascular pillars and pruning in the extraembryonic vessels of chick embryos. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1335-43. [PMID: 21448976 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the local mechanical forces associated with intravascular pillars and vessel pruning, we studied the conducting vessels in the extraembryonic circulation of the chick embryo. During the development days 13-17, intravascular pillars and blood flow parameters were identified using fluorescent vascular tracers and digital time-series video reconstructions. The geometry of selected vessels was confirmed by corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy. Computational simulations of pruning vessels suggested that serial pillars form along pre-existing velocity streamlines; blood pressure demonstrated no obvious spatial relationship with the intravascular pillars. Modeling a Reynolds number of 0.03 produced 4 pillars at approximately 20-μm intervals matching the observed periodicity. In contrast, a Reynolds number of 0.06 produced only 2 pillars at approximately 63-μm intervals. Our modeling data indicated that the combination of wall shear stress and gradient of shear predicted the location, direction, and periodicity of developing pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Lee
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Konerding MA, Turhan A, Ravnic DJ, Lin M, Fuchs C, Secomb TW, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Inflammation-induced intussusceptive angiogenesis in murine colitis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:849-57. [PMID: 20225210 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a morphogenetic process that forms new blood vessels by the division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Here, we show that this process of intraluminal division participates in the inflammation-induced neovascularization associated with chemically induced murine colitis. In studies of both acute (4-7 days) and chronic (28-31 days) colitis, intravital microscopy of intravascular tracers demonstrated a twofold reduction in blood flow velocity. In the acute colitis model, the decreased velocity was associated with marked dilatation of the mucosal plexus. In contrast, chronic inflammation was associated with normal caliber vessels and duplication (and triplication) of the quasi-polygonal mucosal plexus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of intravascular corrosion casts suggested that pillar formation and septation, previously linked to the morphogenetic process of intussusceptive angiogenesis, were present within days of the onset of inflammation. Four weeks after the onset of inflammation, SEM of vascular corrosion casts demonstrated replication of the mucosal plexus without significant evidence of sprouting angiogenesis. These data suggest that mucosal capillaries have comparable aggregate cross-sectional area in acute and chronic colitis; however, there is a significant increase in functional capillary density in chronic colitis. We conclude that intussusceptive angiogenesis is a fundamental mechanism of microvascular adaptation to prolonged inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz A Konerding
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Computational flow dynamics in a geometric model of intussusceptive angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:286-93. [PMID: 19715707 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a process that forms new blood vessels by the intraluminal division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Referred to as nonsprouting or intussusceptive angiogenesis, this angiogenic process has been described in morphogenesis and chronic inflammation. Mechanical forces are relevant to the structural changes associated with intussusceptive angiogenesis because of the growing evidence that physiologic forces influence gene transcription. To provide a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of physiologic shear stresses, we developed a 3D finite element model of the intraluminal intussusceptive pillar. Based on geometries observed in adult intussusceptive angiogenesis, physiologic shear stress distribution was studied at pillar sizes ranging from 1 to 10 microm. The wall shear stress calculations demonstrated a marked spatial dependence with discrete regions of high shear stress on the intraluminal pillar and lateral vessel wall. Furthermore, the intussusceptive pillar created a "dead zone" of low wall shear stress between the pillar and vessel bifurcation apex. We conclude that the intraluminal flow fields demonstrate sufficient spatial resolution and dynamic range to participate in the regulation of intussusceptive angiogenesis.
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