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Wang Y, Goodman CL, Ringbauer J, Li Y, Stanley D. Prostaglandin A 2 induces apoptosis in three cell lines derived from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 108:e21844. [PMID: 34519097 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animals maintain homeostasis of cell numbers, constantly creating new cells and eliminating others. Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is a mechanism of cell elimination and it acts in many aspects of animal biology. Drawing on the biomedical background, several signals launch the apoptosis mechanisms, including prostaglandins (PGs). Based on this information, we posed the hypothesis that PGs similarly induce apoptosis in insect cell lines. We used three Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines, including two newly established, BCIRL-SfNS-0518B-YL derived from the central nervous system and BCIRL-Sf4FB-0614-SGS derived from fat body, and the commercially available Sf9 cells. Using a kinetic apoptosis kit, we found treating SfNS cells for 18 h with 15 or 20 μM PGA2 led to decreases in cell numbers, coupled with increased numbers of apoptotic and dead cells. Similar exposures to 10 μM PGA2 (24 h) led to substantial increases in apoptotic cells, confirmed by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay on a flow cytometer. The influence of PGA2 treatments increased with dosage, as we recorded about 20% apoptosis at 24 h post-PGA2 treatments (10 μM) and about 34% apoptosis at 24 h post-30 μM treatments. PGA2 treatments led to 10- to 30-fold increases in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding apoptosis-specific caspases-1, -2, -3, and -5 at 12 h and 40- to 60-fold increases in mRNAs encoding caspases-1 and -2, 10-fold increases for caspases-3 and -5 at 24 h. These findings strongly support our hypothesis that PGs induce apoptosis in an insect cell line and confirm an additional PG action in insect biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cynthia L Goodman
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph Ringbauer
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yaofa Li
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, China
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Rahmani S, Bandani AR. Caspase gene silencing affects the growth and development of Tuta absoluta. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yang Z, Wu Q, Fan J, Huang J, Wu Z, Lin J, Bin S, Shu B. Effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea on mortality rates and gene expression profiles in Diaphorina citri adults. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 179:107539. [PMID: 33508316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a serious pest of citrus. The insect also transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the pathogen of a devastating citrus disease called Huanglongbing. Clonostachys rosea is a versatile fungus that possesses nematicidal and insecticidal activities. The effect of C. rosea against D. citri remains unclear. Here we examined the pathogenicity of C. rosea against D. citri adults. A mortality rate of 46.67% was observed in adults treated with 1 × 108 conidia/mL spore suspension. Comparative transcriptomic analyses identified 259 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between controls and samples treated with fungi. Among the DEGs, 183 were up-regulated and 76 down-regulated. Genes with altered expression included those involved in immunity, apoptosis and cuticle formation. Our preliminary observation indicated that C. rosea is virulent against ACP adults and has the potential as a biological control agent for ACP management in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Fan
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jierong Huang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Bin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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Yu H, Li ZQ, Ou-Yang YY, Huang GH. Identification of four caspase genes from Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their regulations toward different apoptotic stimulations. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1158-1172. [PMID: 31793737 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays critical roles in multiple biological processes in multicellular organisms. Caspases are known as important participators and regulators of apoptosis. Here, four novel caspase genes of Spodoptera exigua were cloned and characterized, which were designated as SeCasp-1, SeCasp-6, SeCasp-7 and SeCasp-8. Analysis of the putative encoded protein sequences of these SeCasps indicated that SeCasp-1 and SeCasp-7 were possible homologs of executor caspases; SeCasp-8 was a possible homolog of initiator caspases; and SeCasp-6 was a unique caspase of S. exigua that shares low similarity with all the identified insect caspases. Based on baculovirus expression system analyses, SeCasp-1 exhibited similar caspase activity to human caspase-1, -3, -4, -6, -8 and -9; SeCasp-6 presented similar caspase activity to human caspase-2, -3, -4, -6, -8 and -9; SeCasp-7 exhibited similar caspase activity to human caspase-2, -3 and -6; and SeCasp-8 presented similar caspase activity only to human caspase-8. Induction with different chemicals revealed that SeCasp-1 showed extreme upregulation after 24 h in the treated fat body cell line (IOZCAS-Spex-II) of S. exigua. Developmental expression analysis revealed that SeCasp-1 was highly transcribed in the larval stages, while SeCasp-6, SeCasp-7, SeCasp-8 were down-regulated. The in vivo detection of the relative expression levels of SeCasps in S. eixgua larvae inoculated with different pathogens suggested that SeCasp-1 was sensitive to Bacillus thuringiensis infection and that SeCasp-6 was sensitive to baculovirus infection. SeCasp-7 and SeCasp-8 showed slight changes under either in vitro chemical apoptosis induction or in vivo pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Yi Ou-Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Singh D, Kaur G. Production, HPLC analysis, andin situapoptotic activities of swainsonine toward lepidopteran, Sf-21 cell line. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:1196-205. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Digar Singh
- Dept. of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Dept. of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
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Stech M, Quast RB, Sachse R, Schulze C, Wüstenhagen DA, Kubick S. A continuous-exchange cell-free protein synthesis system based on extracts from cultured insect cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96635. [PMID: 24804975 PMCID: PMC4013096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel technique for the synthesis of complex prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins by using a continuous-exchange cell-free (CECF) protein synthesis system based on extracts from cultured insect cells. Our approach consists of two basic elements: First, protein synthesis is performed in insect cell lysates which harbor endogenous microsomal vesicles, enabling a translocation of de novo synthesized target proteins into the lumen of the insect vesicles or, in the case of membrane proteins, their embedding into a natural membrane scaffold. Second, cell-free reactions are performed in a two chamber dialysis device for 48 h. The combination of the eukaryotic cell-free translation system based on insect cell extracts and the CECF translation system results in significantly prolonged reaction life times and increased protein yields compared to conventional batch reactions. In this context, we demonstrate the synthesis of various representative model proteins, among them cytosolic proteins, pharmacological relevant membrane proteins and glycosylated proteins in an endotoxin-free environment. Furthermore, the cell-free system used in this study is well-suited for the synthesis of biologically active tissue-type-plasminogen activator, a complex eukaryotic protein harboring multiple disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert B. Quast
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rita Sachse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Corina Schulze
- Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin - University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Life Sciences and Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen A. Wüstenhagen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, He W, Ma D, Jiang H. Effects of camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin on insect cell lines Sf21 and IOZCAS-Spex-II. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:652-657. [PMID: 22065515 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, concerns over the potential impact of synthetic pesticides on the environment have made the discovery and development of environmentally friendly pesticides a more pressing issue. Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives have attracted much attention owing to their unique mechanisms of action against insects. In this paper, two insect cell lines, Sf21 and IOZCAS-Spex-II, were used to conduct a preliminary investigation of the potential of CPT and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) as inducers of apoptosis in insect cell lines, and to illustrate the mechanism of action of CPT on insects at the cellular level. RESULTS The results showed that both CPT and HCPT demonstrate potent cytotoxic effects to the tested insect cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The DNA fragmentation, activation of caspases and cytochrome c release were observed in both IOZCAS-Spex-II and Sf21 treated with CPT and HCPT. There is no significant difference in cytotoxicity and caspase-3 activation (P < 0.05, except when treated for 2 h) between CPT and HCPT, although the caspase-3 activation was slightly stronger when treated with HCPT in both Sf21 and IOZCAS-Spex-II. CONCLUSION The results confirm the existence of the mitochondrial-dependent pathway of apoptosis induced by CPT and HCPT in Sf21 and IOZCAS-Spex-II cell lines. Further investigations are required to reveal the mitochondrial mechanisms and regulation of caspase activation during apoptosis. These studies will provide basic knowledge needed to understand the mechanisms of action of CPT and to develop CPT and its derivatives as insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, PR China
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