1
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Vugler A, O’Connell J, Nguyen MA, Weitz D, Leeuw T, Hickford E, Verbitsky A, Ying X, Rehberg M, Carrington B, Merriman M, Moss A, Nicholas JM, Stanley P, Wright S, Bourne T, Foricher Y, Brookings D, Horsley H, Herrmann M, Rao S, Kohlmann M, Florian P. An orally available small molecule that targets soluble TNF to deliver anti-TNF biologic-like efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1037983. [PMID: 36467083 PMCID: PMC9709720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to a family of trimeric proteins with both proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. TNF is a key mediator in autoimmune diseases and during the last couple of decades several biologic drugs have delivered new therapeutic options for patients suffering from chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Attempts to design small molecule therapies directed to this cytokine have not led to approved products yet. Here we report the discovery and development of a potent small molecule inhibitor of TNF that was recently moved into phase 1 clinical trials. The molecule, SAR441566, stabilizes an asymmetrical form of the soluble TNF trimer, compromises downstream signaling and inhibits the functions of TNF in vitro and in vivo. With SAR441566 being studied in healthy volunteers we hope to deliver a more convenient orally bioavailable and effective treatment option for patients suffering with chronic autoimmune diseases compared to established biologic drugs targeting TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vugler
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - James O’Connell
- Discovery Sciences, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Mai Anh Nguyen
- Sanofi R&D, TMED Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dietmar Weitz
- Sanofi R&D, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Leeuw
- Sanofi R&D, Type 1/17 Immunology, Immunology & Inflammation Research TA, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Hickford
- Development Science, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xiaoyou Ying
- Sanofi R&D, Translation In vivo Models, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Disease Modelling, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruce Carrington
- Discovery Sciences, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Merriman
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Moss
- Translational Medicine Immunology, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marie Nicholas
- Development Science, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, UCB Pharma, Braine-I’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Phil Stanley
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Wright
- Early PV Missions, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Bourne
- Milvuswood Consultancy, Penn, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Foricher
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Therapeutic Area Immunology & Inflammation, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Daniel Brookings
- Global Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Horsley
- Global Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, PV Early Solutions, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Herrmann
- Sanofi R&D, Type 1/17 Immunology, Immunology & Inflammation Research TA, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Srinivas Rao
- Sanofi R&D, Translation In vivo Models, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Markus Kohlmann
- Sanofi R&D, Early Clinical Development, Therapeutic Area Immunology and Inflammation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Florian
- Sanofi R&D, Type 1/17 Immunology, Immunology & Inflammation Research TA, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Zhou M, Jiang S, Chen C, Li J, Lou H, Wang M, Liu G, Liu H, Liu T, Pan W. Bioactive Bibenzyl Enantiomers From the Tubers of Bletilla striata. Front Chem 2022; 10:911201. [PMID: 35755263 PMCID: PMC9218944 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.911201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new bibenzyls (three pairs of enantiomers), bletstrins D-F (1-3), were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble (EtOAc) extract of tubers of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb f. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation value, and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analyses, respectively. Compounds 1-3 possess a hydroxyl-substituted chiral center on the aliphatic bibenzyl bridge, which represented the first examples of natural bibenzyl enantiomers from the genus of Bletilla. The antibacterial, antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF-α), and neuroprotective effects of the isolates have been evaluated. Compounds 3a and 3b were effective against three Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 52-105 μg/ml. Compounds 2a and 2b exhibited significant inhibitory effects on TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity in L929 cells with IC50 values of 25.7 ± 2.3 μM and 21.7 ± 1.7 μM, respectively. Subsequently, the possible anti-TNF-α mechanism of 2 was investigated by molecular docking simulation. Furthermore, the neuroprotective activities were tested on the H2O2-induced PC12 cell injury model, and compounds 2b, 3a, and 3b (10 μM) could obviously protect the cells with the cell viabilities of 57.86 ± 2.08%, 64.82 ± 2.84%, and 64.11 ± 2.52%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Sai Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Changfen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Huayong Lou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Gezhou Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hanfei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weidong Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
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3
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Tang ML, Li H, Ning JF, Shen X, Sun X. Discovery of First-in-Class TAK1-MKK3 Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Inhibitor (R)-STU104 for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis through Modulating TNF-α Production. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6690-6709. [PMID: 35442672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) has been demonstrated to be a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. However, this biological therapy exhibits some inevitable disadvantages, such as risk of infection. Thus, small-molecule alternatives by targeting TNF-α production signaling pathway are still in demand. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 3-aryindanone compounds regarding their modulation of TNF-α production. Among them, (R)-STU104 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity on TNF-α production, which suppressed the TAK1/MKK3/p38/MnK1/MK2/elF4E signal pathways through binding with MKK3 and disrupting the TAK1 phosphorylating MKK3. As a result, (R)-STU104 demonstrated remarkable dose-effect relationships on both acute and chronic mouse UC models. In addition to its good pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety profile, (R)-STU104 showed better anti-UC efficacy in vivo at 10 mg/kg/d than mesalazine at the dose of 50 mg/kg/d. These results suggested that TAK1-MKK3 interaction inhibitors could be potentially utilized for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin-Feng Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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4
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Papadopoulou D, Drakopoulos A, Lagarias P, Melagraki G, Kollias G, Afantitis A. In Silico Identification and Evaluation of Natural Products as Potential Tumor Necrosis Factor Function Inhibitors Using Advanced Enalos Asclepios KNIME Nodes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10220. [PMID: 34638561 PMCID: PMC8508374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a regulator of several chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Although anti-TNF biologics have been used in clinic, they render several drawbacks, such as patients' progressive immunodeficiency and loss of response, high cost, and intravenous administration. In order to find new potential anti-TNF small molecule inhibitors, we employed an in silico approach, aiming to find natural products, analogs of Ampelopsin H, a compound that blocks the formation of TNF active trimer. Two out of nine commercially available compounds tested, Nepalensinol B and Miyabenol A, efficiently reduced TNF-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells and production of chemokines in mice joints' synovial fibroblasts, while Nepalensinol B also abolished TNF-TNFR1 binding in non-toxic concentrations. The binding mode of the compounds was further investigated by molecular dynamics and free energy calculation studies, using and advancing the Enalos Asclepios pipeline. Conclusively, we propose that Nepalensinol B, characterized by the lowest free energy of binding and by a higher number of hydrogen bonds with TNF, qualifies as a potential lead compound for TNF inhibitors' drug development. Finally, the upgraded Enalos Asclepios pipeline can be used for improved identification of new therapeutics against TNF-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases, providing state-of-the-art insight on their binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papadopoulou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Institute for Bioinnovation, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, 16673 Vari, Greece
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Institute for Bioinnovation, 16672 Vari, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Center of New Biotechnologies & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
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5
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New contributions to the drug profile of TNFα inhibitor SPD304: Affinity, selectivity and ADMET considerations. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174285. [PMID: 34181962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a relevant clinical target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Currently, only few small molecules are known as direct inhibitors of TNFα. To date, none of these molecules has shown both an efficient activity and a low toxicity to be considered for clinical trials. The SPD304 is considered as a reference of direct inhibitors of TNFα because of its well demonstrated mechanism (He et al., 2005). Herein, we provide new insights regarding the drug profile, selectivity and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) considerations of SPD304 to evaluate its potential as a hit for the structure-based design of novel TNFα inhibitors. ELISA experiments confirmed the inhibition of TNFα/TNF receptor 1 binding (IC50 = 12 μM). Cellular-based assays highlighted the cytotoxicity of SPD304, as well as its ability to inhibit TNFα signaling pathways at non-cytotoxic concentrations. A surface acoustic wave (SAW) experiment highlighted only one binding site with a dissociation constant of 6.1 ± 4.7 nM. SPD304 inhibited the binding of the cytokines like interleukins (IL)-4 and IL-13 to their receptors and showed no direct inhibition on proteins involved in the TNFα pathway. Finally, the thermodynamic solubility and Caco-2 cells permeability of SPD304 were experimentally evaluated and ADMET in silico predictions are also discussed. The physicochemical, pharmacological and ADMET studies of SPD304 have shown that is not an ideal hit for a drug optimization program based on its chemical structure.
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6
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Dietrich JD, Longenecker KL, Wilson NS, Goess C, Panchal SC, Swann SL, Petros AM, Hobson AD, Ihle D, Song D, Richardson P, Comess KM, Cox PB, Dombrowski A, Sarris K, Donnelly-Roberts DL, Duignan DB, Gomtsyan A, Jung P, Krueger AC, Mathieu S, McClure A, Stoll VS, Wetter J, Mankovich JA, Hajduk PJ, Vasudevan A, Stoffel RH, Sun C. Development of Orally Efficacious Allosteric Inhibitors of TNFα via Fragment-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2020; 64:417-429. [PMID: 33378180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a soluble cytokine that is directly involved in systemic inflammation through the regulation of the intracellular NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The development of biologic drugs that inhibit TNFα has led to improved clinical outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic autoimmune diseases; however, TNFα has proven to be difficult to drug with small molecules. Herein, we present a two-phase, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) effort in which we first identified isoquinoline fragments that disrupt TNFα ligand-receptor binding through an allosteric desymmetrization mechanism as observed in high-resolution crystal structures. The second phase of discovery focused on the de novo design and optimization of fragments with improved binding efficiency and drug-like properties. The 3-indolinone-based lead presented here displays oral, in vivo efficacy in a mouse glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)-induced paw swelling model comparable to that seen with a TNFα antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Dietrich
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenton L Longenecker
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Noel S Wilson
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Christian Goess
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sanjay C Panchal
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven L Swann
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew M Petros
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - David Ihle
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Danying Song
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Paul Richardson
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenneth M Comess
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Amanda Dombrowski
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kathy Sarris
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Diana L Donnelly-Roberts
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David B Duignan
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Arthur Gomtsyan
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Paul Jung
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - A Chris Krueger
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Suzanne Mathieu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Andrea McClure
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Vincent S Stoll
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jill Wetter
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John A Mankovich
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Philip J Hajduk
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Robert H Stoffel
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Chaohong Sun
- Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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7
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Rinotas V, Papakyriakou A, Violitzi F, Papaneophytou C, Ouzouni MD, Alexiou P, Strongilos A, Couladouros E, Kontopidis G, Eliopoulos E, Douni E. Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand with a Superior Therapeutic Index. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12043-12059. [PMID: 32955874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) constitutes the master mediator of osteoclastogenesis, while its pharmaceutical inhibition by a monoclonal antibody has been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. To date, the pursuit of pharmacologically more favorable approaches using low-molecular-weight inhibitors has been hampered by low specificity and high toxicity issues. This study aimed to discover small-molecule inhibitors targeting RANKL trimer formation. Through a systematic screening of 39 analogues of SPD-304, a dual inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and RANKL trimerization, we identified four compounds (1b, 3b, 4a, and 4c) that selectively inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting TNF activity or osteoblast differentiation. Based on structure-activity observations extracted from the most potent and less toxic inhibitors of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, we synthesized a focused set of compounds that revealed three potent inhibitors (19a, 19b, and 20a) with remarkably low cell-toxicity and improved therapeutic indexes as shown by the LC50 to IC50 ratio. These RANKL-selective inhibitors are an excellent starting point for the development of small-molecule therapeutics against osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagelis Rinotas
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.,Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Violitzi
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, 224 Trikalon, 43131 Karditsa, Greece.,Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria-Dimitra Ouzouni
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Alexiou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elias Couladouros
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George Kontopidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, 224 Trikalon, 43131 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.,Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Vari, Greece
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8
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Checco JW, Eddinger GA, Rettko NJ, Chartier AR, Gellman SH. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Trimer Disassembly and Inactivation via Peptide-Small Molecule Synergy. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2116-2124. [PMID: 32662976 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is associated with inflammatory diseases that can be treated with engineered proteins that inhibit binding of this cytokine to cell-surface receptors. Despite these clinical successes, there is considerable interest in the development of smaller antagonists of TNFα-receptor interactions. We describe a new 29-residue α/β-peptide, a molecule that contains three β-amino acid residues and three α-aminoisobutryic acid (Aib) residues, that displays potent inhibition of TNFα binding to TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) and rescues cells from TNFα-induced death. The complement of nonproteinogenic residues renders this α/β-peptide highly resistant to proteolysis, relative to all-α analogues. The mechanism of inhibitory action of the new 29-mer involves disruption of the trimeric TNFα quaternary structure, which prevents productive binding to TNFα receptors. Unexpectedly, we discovered that peptide-induced trimer disruption can be promoted by structurally diverse small molecules, including a detergent commonly used during selection procedures. The discovery of this synergistic effect provides a new context for understanding previous reports on peptidic antagonists of TNFα-receptor interactions and suggests new avenues for future efforts to block signaling via proteins with an active form that is oligomeric, including other members of the TNFα family.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Geoffrey A. Eddinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Rettko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Alexander R. Chartier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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9
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Qaiser H, Saeed M, Nerukh D, Ul-Haq Z. Structural insight into TNF-α inhibitors through combining pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5920-5939. [PMID: 32705954 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), a multifunctional cytokine responsible for providing resistance against infections, inflammation, and cancers. TNF-α has emerged as a promising drug target against several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Several synthetic antibodies (Infliximab, Etanercept, and Adalimumab) are available, but their potential to cause severe side effects has prompted them to develop alternative small molecules-based therapies for inhibition of TNF-α. In the present study, combined in silico approaches based on pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies were employed to understand significant direct interactions between TNF-α protein and small molecule inhibitors. Initially, four different small molecule libraries (∼17.5 million molecules) were virtually screened against the selected pharmacophore model. The identified hits were further subjected to molecular docking studies. The three potent lead compounds (ZINC05848961, ZINC09402309, ZINC04502991) were further subjected to 100 ns molecular dynamic studies to examine their stability. Our docking and molecular dynamic analysis revealed that the selected lead compounds target the TNF receptor (TNFR) and efficiently block the production of TNF. Moreover, in silico ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) analysis revealed that all the predicted compounds have good pharmacokinetic properties with high gastrointestinal absorption and a decent bioavailability score. Furthermore, toxicity profiles further evidenced that these compounds have no risk of being mutagenic, tumorigenic, reproductive and irritant except ZINC11915498. In conclusion, the present study could serve as the starting point to develop new therapeutic regimens to treat various TNF- related diseases. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qaiser
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Saeed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dmitry Nerukh
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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10
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O'Connell J, Porter J, Kroeplien B, Norman T, Rapecki S, Davis R, McMillan D, Arakaki T, Burgin A, Fox Iii D, Ceska T, Lecomte F, Maloney A, Vugler A, Carrington B, Cossins BP, Bourne T, Lawson A. Small molecules that inhibit TNF signalling by stabilising an asymmetric form of the trimer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5795. [PMID: 31857588 PMCID: PMC6923382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine belonging to a family of trimeric proteins; it has been shown to be a key mediator in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. While TNF is the target of several successful biologic drugs, attempts to design small molecule therapies directed to this cytokine have not led to approved products. Here we report the discovery of potent small molecule inhibitors of TNF that stabilise an asymmetrical form of the soluble TNF trimer, compromising signalling and inhibiting the functions of TNF in vitro and in vivo. This discovery paves the way for a class of small molecule drugs capable of modulating TNF function by stabilising a naturally sampled, receptor-incompetent conformation of TNF. Furthermore, this approach may prove to be a more general mechanism for inhibiting protein–protein interactions. While biologics have been successfully applied in TNF antagonist treatments, there are no clinically approved small molecules that target TNF. Here, the authors discover potent small molecule inhibitors of TNF, elucidate their molecular mechanism, and demonstrate TNF inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Burgin
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,The Institute for Protein Innovation, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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11
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Proposing novel TNFα direct inhibitor Scaffolds using fragment-docking based e-pharmacophore modeling and binary QSAR-based virtual screening protocols pipeline. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Kanada R, Tanabe M, Muromoto R, Sato Y, Kuwahara T, Fukuda H, Arisawa M, Matsuda T, Watanabe M, Shuto S. Synthesis of Chiral cis-Cyclopropane Bearing Indole and Chromone as Potential TNFα Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7672-7682. [PMID: 30004223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally restricted analogues of SPD-304, the first small-molecule TNFα inhibitor, in which two heteroaryl groups, indole and chromone, are connected by chiral methyl- or ethyl- cis-cyclopropane, were designed. Synthesis of these molecules was achieved via Suzuki-Miyaura or Stille coupling reactions with chiral bromomethylenecyclopropane or iodovinyl- cis-cyclopropane as the substrate, both of which were prepared from chiral methylenecyclopropane as a common intermediate, constructing the heteroaryl-methyl or -ethyl- cis-cyclopropane structures as key steps. This study presents an efficient synthesis of a series of chiral cis-cyclopropane conjugates with two heteroaryl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Makoto Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Yukina Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Hayato Fukuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
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13
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Deng X, Zhang X, Tang B, Liu H, Shen Q, Liu Y, Lai L. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Dihydrobenzo[ cd]indole-6-sulfonamide as TNF-α Inhibitors. Front Chem 2018; 6:98. [PMID: 29670876 PMCID: PMC5893771 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in inflammatory response. Dysregulation of TNF can lead to a variety of disastrous pathological effects, including auto-inflammatory diseases. Antibodies that directly targeting TNF-α have been proven effective in suppressing symptoms of these disorders. Compared to protein drugs, small molecule drugs are normally orally available and less expensive. Till now, peptide and small molecule TNF-α inhibitors are still in the early stage of development, and much more efforts should be made. In a previously study, we reported a TNF-α inhibitor, EJMC-1 with modest activity. Here, we optimized this compound by shape screen and rational design. In the first round, we screened commercial compound library for EJMC-1 analogs based on shape similarity. Out of the 68 compounds tested, 20 compounds showed better binding affinity than EJMC-1 in the SPR competitive binding assay. These 20 compounds were tested in cell assay and the most potent compound was 2-oxo-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide (S10) with an IC50 of 14 μM, which was 2.2-fold stronger than EJMC-1. Based on the docking analysis of S10 and EJMC-1 binding with TNF-α, in the second round, we designed S10 analogs, purchased seven of them, and synthesized seven new compounds. The best compound, 4e showed an IC50-value of 3 μM in cell assay, which was 14-fold stronger than EJMC-1. 4e was among the most potent TNF-α organic compound inhibitors reported so far. Our study demonstrated that 2-oxo-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide analogs could be developed as potent TNF-α inhibitors. 4e can be further optimized for its activity and properties. Our study provides insights into designing small molecule inhibitors directly targeting TNF-α and for protein–protein interaction inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Deng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luhua Lai
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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14
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Identification of an in vivo orally active dual-binding protein-protein interaction inhibitor targeting TNFα through combined in silico/in vitro/in vivo screening. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3424. [PMID: 28611375 PMCID: PMC5469758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα is a homotrimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine, whose direct targeting by protein biotherapies has been an undeniable success for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite many efforts, no orally active drug targeting TNFα has been identified so far. In the present work, we identified through combined in silico/in vitro/in vivo approaches a TNFα direct inhibitor, compound 1, displaying nanomolar and micromolar range bindings to TNFα. Compound 1 inhibits the binding of TNFα with both its receptors TNFRI and TNFRII. Compound 1 inhibits the TNFα induced apoptosis on L929 cells and the TNFα induced NF-κB activation in HEK cells. In vivo, oral administration of compound 1 displays a significant protection in a murine TNFα-dependent hepatic shock model. This work illustrates the ability of low-cost combined in silico/in vitro/in vivo screening approaches to identify orally available small-molecules targeting challenging protein-protein interactions such as homotrimeric TNFα.
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15
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Mettou A, Papaneophytou C, Melagraki G, Maranti A, Liepouri F, Alexiou P, Papakyriakou A, Couladouros E, Eliopoulos E, Afantitis A, Kontopidis G. Aqueous Solubility Enhancement for Bioassays of Insoluble Inhibitors and QSPR Analysis: A TNF-α Study. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:84-93. [PMID: 28586633 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217712507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to improve the aqueous solubility of a group of compounds without interfering with their bioassay as well as to create a relevant prediction model. A series of 55 potential small-molecule inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; SPD304 and 54 analogues), many of which cannot be bioassayed because of their poor solubility, was used for this purpose. The solubility of many of the compounds was sufficiently improved to allow measurement of their respective dissociation constants (Kd). Parameters such as dissolution time, initial state of the solute (solid/liquid), co-solvent addition (DMSO and PEG3350), and sample filtration were evaluated. Except for filtration, the remaining parameters affected aqueous solubility, and a solubilization protocol was established according to these. The aqueous solubility of the 55 compounds in 5% DMSO was measured with this protocol, and a predictive quantitative structure property relationship model was developed and fully validated based on these data. This classification model separates the insoluble from the soluble compounds and predicts the solubility of potential small-molecule inhibitors of TNF-α in aqueous solution (containing 5% DMSO as co-solvent) with an accuracy of 81.2%. The domain of applicability of the model indicates the type of compounds for which estimation of aqueous solubility can be confidently predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Mettou
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,2 Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IRETETH), Volos, Greece
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,2 Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IRETETH), Volos, Greece
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- 3 Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Athens, Greece.,4 NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Polyxeni Alexiou
- 6 Laboratory of General Chemistry, Department of Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- 7 Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Couladouros
- 6 Laboratory of General Chemistry, Department of Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- 7 Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- 3 Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Athens, Greece.,4 NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Kontopidis
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,2 Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly (IRETETH), Volos, Greece
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16
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Cheminformatics-aided discovery of small-molecule Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) dual inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL). PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005372. [PMID: 28426652 PMCID: PMC5398486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an in silico drug discovery pipeline developed and applied for the identification and virtual screening of small-molecule Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) compounds that act as dual inhibitors of TNF and RANKL through the trimerization interface. The cheminformatics part of the pipeline was developed by combining structure-based with ligand-based modeling using the largest available set of known TNF inhibitors in the literature (2481 small molecules). To facilitate virtual screening, the consensus predictive model was made freely available at: http://enalos.insilicotox.com/TNFPubChem/. We thus generated a priority list of nine small molecules as candidates for direct TNF function inhibition. In vitro evaluation of these compounds led to the selection of two small molecules that act as potent direct inhibitors of TNF function, with IC50 values comparable to those of a previously-described direct inhibitor (SPD304), but with significantly reduced toxicity. These molecules were also identified as RANKL inhibitors and validated in vitro with respect to this second functionality. Direct binding of the two compounds was confirmed both for TNF and RANKL, as well as their ability to inhibit the biologically-active trimer forms. Molecular dynamics calculations were also carried out for the two small molecules in each protein to offer additional insight into the interactions that govern TNF and RANKL complex formation. To our knowledge, these compounds, namely T8 and T23, constitute the second and third published examples of dual small-molecule direct function inhibitors of TNF and RANKL, and could serve as lead compounds for the development of novel treatments for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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17
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Petersen ME, Jacobsen MT, Kay MS. Synthesis of tumor necrosis factor α for use as a mirror-image phage display target. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5298-303. [PMID: 27211891 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00824k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease. Here we describe the chemical synthesis of l-TNFα along with the mirror-image d-protein for use as a phage display target. The synthetic strategy utilized native chemical ligation and desulfurization to unite three peptide segments, followed by oxidative folding to assemble the 52 kDa homotrimeric protein. This synthesis represents the foundational step for discovering an inhibitory d-peptide with the potential to improve current anti-TNFα therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, 15 N Medical Drive East, Rm 4100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA.
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18
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Kornev MY, Sosnovskikh VY. Synthesis and chemical properties of chromone-3-carboxylic acid (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Papaneophytou C, Alexiou P, Papakyriakou A, Ntougkos E, Tsiliouka K, Maranti A, Liepouri F, Strongilos A, Mettou A, Couladouros E, Eliopoulos E, Douni E, Kollias G, Kontopidis G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of potential small moleculeinhibitors of tumor necrosis factor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00023h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of 39 novel SPD-304 analogs were designed synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polyxeni Alexiou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry
- Department of Science
- Agricultural University of Athens
- Athens 11855
- Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Laboratory of Genetics
- Department of Biotechnology
- Agricultural University of Athens
- Athens 11855
- Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthi Mettou
- Department of Biochemistry
- Veterinary School
- University of Thessaly
- Karditsa 43100
- Greece
| | - Elias Couladouros
- Laboratory of General Chemistry
- Department of Science
- Agricultural University of Athens
- Athens 11855
- Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics
- Department of Biotechnology
- Agricultural University of Athens
- Athens 11855
- Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Laboratory of Genetics
- Department of Biotechnology
- Agricultural University of Athens
- Athens 11855
- Greece
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”
- Vari
- Greece
| | - George Kontopidis
- Department of Biochemistry
- Veterinary School
- University of Thessaly
- Karditsa 43100
- Greece
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