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LeBlanc G, Kreissl F, Melamed J, Sobel AL, Constantinides MG. The role of unconventional T cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101656. [PMID: 36306662 PMCID: PMC9828956 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle LeBlanc
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Felix Kreissl
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam L. Sobel
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
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2
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Zhu T, Wang R, Miller H, Westerberg LS, Yang L, Guan F, Lee P, Gong Q, Chen Y, Liu C. The interaction between iNKT cells and B cells. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:711-723. [PMID: 34312907 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ru0221-095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) bridge the innate immunity with the adaptive immunity and their interaction with B cells has been extensively studied. Here, we give a complete overview of these two cells, from their mechanism of interaction to clinical prospects and existing problems. In our introduction, we describe the relationship between iNKTs and B cells and explore the current research hotspots and future directions. We begin with how B cells interact and benefit from the innate and adaptive help of iNKTs. Next, we describe the multiple roles of these cells in infections, autoimmunity, and cancers. Lastly, we look into the potential immunotherapies that can be based on iNKTs and the possible treatments for infectious, autoimmune, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, GuiZhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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An JN, Ryu S, Kim YC, Yoo KD, Lee J, Kim HY, Lee H, Lee JP, Lee JW, Jeon US, Kim DK, Kim YS, Yang SH. NK1.1 - natural killer T cells upregulate interleukin-17 expression in experimental lupus nephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F772-F788. [PMID: 33719574 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00252.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17-secreting invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are involved in several inflammatory diseases. However, their role in lupus nephritis (LN) has not been fully characterized. Samples from patients with LN or glomerulonephritis and healthy controls were obtained, and elevated IL-17+ NKT cell numbers and IL-17 expression were observed in blood cells and kidneys, respectively, in patients with LN. Comparison of a mouse model of experimental autoimmune LN with the parental strain (NKT-deficient B6.CD1d-/- mice) revealed improved proteinuria, disease severity, and histopathology and decreased levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 and T cell receptor-α variable 14 expression. Spleens and kidneys of B6.CD1d-/- mice also showed downregulation of inflammatory markers and IL-17. In coculture with renal mesangial and NKT cells, inflammatory markers and IL-17 were upregulated following α-galactosylceramide treatment and downregulated after treatment with IL-17-blocking antibodies. This was most prominent with killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 C (NK1.1)- NKT cells. Thus, IL-17 is upregulated in LN. Activation of NKT cells regulates IL-17-related immune responses systemically and in the kidneys, primarily via NK1.1- NKT cells. IL-17-secreting NK1.1- NKT cells could serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for LN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because our results indicate that IL-17 is upregulated in lupus nephritis and that natural killer T (NKT) cells are involved in its pathogenesis. Activation of NKT cells regulates IL-17-related immune responses, both systemically and in the kidney, and this mainly involves NK1.1- NKT cells. Furthermore, IL-17-secreting NK1.1- NKT cells could serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Seungwon Ryu
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Don Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Nephrology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Un Sil Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are involved in various autoimmune diseases. Although iNKT cells are arthritogenic, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-treated tolerogenic peritoneal macrophages (Tol-pMφ) from wild-type (WT) mice are more tolerogenic than those from CD1d knock-out iNKT cell-deficient mice in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The underlying mechanism by which pMφ can act as tolerogenic antigen presenting cells (APCs) is currently unclear. To determine cellular mechanisms underlying CD1d-dependent tolerogenicity of pMφ, in vitro and in vivo characteristics of pMφ were investigated. Unlike dendritic cells or splenic Mφ, pMφ from CD1d+/− mice showed lower expression levels of costimulatory molecule CD86 and produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation compared to pMφ from CD1d-deficient mice. In a CIA model of CD1d-deficient mice, adoptively transferred pMφ from WT mice reduced the severity of arthritis. However, pMφ from CD1d-deficient mice were unable to reduce the severity of arthritis. Hence, the tolerogenicity of pMφ is a cell-intrinsic property that is probably confer-red by iNKT cells during pMφ development rather than by interactions of pMφ with iNKT cells during antigen presentation to cognate T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathihah Basri
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sundo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Se-Ho Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) refers to a group of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other spondyloarthritis (SpA). IA is characterized by autoimmune-mediated joint inflammation and is associated with inflammatory cytokine networks. Innate lymphocytes, including innate-like lymphocytes (ILLs) expressing T or B cell receptors and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play important roles in the initiation of host immune responses against self-antigens and rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines upon stimulation. TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α, IFN (Interferon)-γ, Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13), IL-17A, IL-22, and GM-CSF are involved in IA and are secreted by ILLs and ILCs. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of ILL and ILC phenotypes, cytokine production and functions in IA. A better understanding of the roles of ILLs and ILCs in IA initiation and development will ultimately provide insights into developing effective strategies for the clinical treatment of IA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyao Wu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Combined proinflammatory cytokine and cognate activation of invariant natural killer T cells enhances anti-DNA antibody responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9054-9063. [PMID: 32295878 PMCID: PMC7183147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920463117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells can both provide help and inhibit B cell responses. Our data show that when iNKT cells are activated with the glycolipid agonist αGalCer together with the inflammatory cytokine IL-18, they switch from regulating autoreactive B cells to promoting their expansion. As a consequence, autoreactive B cell responses remain unchecked by iNKT cells. The glycolipid αGalCer has been shown to have promising effects when administered as an adjuvant to achieve a better response to vaccines, as an antitumor agent, as well as in the regulation of autoimmunity. Our results highlight a facet of αGalCer-mediated iNKT cell activation in the context of inflammation and have broad implications for understanding the regulation of autoimmunity and use of αGalCer in therapy. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells serve as early rapid responders in the innate immune response to self-derived autoantigens and pathogen-derived danger signals and antigens. iNKT cells can serve both as helpers for effector B cells and negatively regulate autoreactive B cells. Specifically, iNKT cells drive B cell proliferation, class switch, and antibody production to induce primary antigen-specific immune responses. On the other hand, inflammasome-mediated activation drives accumulation of neutrophils, which license iNKT cells to negatively regulate autoreactive B cells via Fas ligand (FasL). This positions iNKT cells at an apex to support or inhibit B cell responses in inflammation. However, it is unknown which effector mechanism dominates in the face of cognate glycolipid activation during chronic inflammation, as might result from glycolipid vaccination or infection during chronic autoimmune disease. We stimulated iNKT cells by cognate glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) and measured B cell activation during interleukin 18 (IL-18)-induced chronic inflammation. Moreover, glycolipid-activated iNKT cells increased the serum concentration of autoantibodies, frequency of germinal center (GC) B cells, and antigen-specific plasma cells induced during chronic IL-18–mediated inflammation, as compared with IL-18 alone. Further, activation of iNKT cells via cognate glycolipid during IL-18–mediated inflammation overrides the licensing function of neutrophils, instead inducing iNKT follicular helper (iNKTfh) cells that in turn promote autoimmunity. Thus, our data demonstrate that glycolipids which engage iNKT cells support antigen-specific B cell help during inflammasome-mediated inflammation.
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Fedyk ER, Zhao L, Koch A, Smithson G, Estevam J, Chen G, Lahu G, Roepcke S, Lin J, Mclean L. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti-CD38 cytolytic antibody TAK-079 in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1314-1325. [PMID: 32045493 PMCID: PMC7319013 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This investigation characterised tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti-CD38 antibody TAK-079. METHODS A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a single intravenous (i.v.) infusion or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of TAK-079 at escalating doses in healthy subjects (n = 74), who were followed for 92 days postexposure. RESULTS TAK-079 was well tolerated. All adverse events were mild or moderate. There were no withdrawals, infusion, or injection site reactions over the tested i.v. and s.c. doses up to 0.06 and 0.6 mg kg-1 , respectively. At higher doses, transient cytokine level increases, following i.v. administration, coincided with reduction in CD38-expressing cells; clinical symptoms included mild pyrexia, headache, and postural hypotension. Following an i.v. infusion of 0.06 mg kg-1 TAK-079, maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax ) was 100.4 (%CV: 52) ng mL-1 , time to Cmax was the end of infusion and natural killer (NK_ cells were reduced 93.8 (±8.5) % from baseline levels. Following a s.c. injection of 0.6 mg kg-1 TAK-079, Cmax was 23.0 (%CV: 67) ng mL-1 with time to Cmax of 24 (range 7.98-96.02) hours, and plasmablasts were subsequently reduced 93.4 (±8.8) % from predose levels. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA and IgG levels were reduced by 15-60% and had not returned to baseline levels within 78 days after administration at ≥0.3 mg kg-1 s.c. Reductions in NK cells at 0.6 mg kg-1 s.c. were approximately 2-3 times more durable than at 0.06 mg kg-1 i.v. CONCLUSIONS TAK-079 was well tolerated and s.c. administration elicited more durable reductions in plasmablasts and NK cells. This plasmacytolytic profile could be useful for treating disorders caused by plasma or NK cells, malignant counterparts, and/or pathogenic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Fedyk
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Lin Zhao
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Grace Chen
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Gezim Lahu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Roepcke
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Lai ACY, Chi PY, Thio CLP, Han YC, Kao HN, Hsieh HW, Gervay-Hague J, Chang YJ. α-Lactosylceramide Protects Against iNKT-Mediated Murine Airway Hyperreactivity and Liver Injury Through Competitive Inhibition of Cd1d Binding. Front Chem 2019; 7:811. [PMID: 31850305 PMCID: PMC6893574 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which are activated by T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent recognition of lipid-based antigens presented by the CD1d molecule, have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma and liver injury. Previous studies have shown the inhibition of iNKT cell activation using lipid antagonists can attenuate iNKT cell-induced disease pathogenesis. Hence, the development of iNKT cell-targeted glycolipids can facilitate the discovery of new therapeutics. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated α-lactosylceramide (α-LacCer), an α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) analog with lactose substitution for the galactose head and a shortened acyl chain in the ceramide tail, toward iNKT cell activation. We demonstrated that α-LacCer was a weak inducer for both mouse and human iNKT cell activation and cytokine production, and the iNKT induction by α-LacCer was CD1d-dependent. However, when co-administered with α-GalCer, α-LacCer inhibited α-GalCer-induced IL-4 and IFN-γ production from iNKT cells. Consequently, α-LacCer also ameliorated both α-GalCer and GSL-1-induced airway hyperreactivity and α-GalCer-induced neutrophilia when co-administered in vivo. Furthermore, we were able to inhibit the increases of ConA-induced AST, ALT and IFN-γ serum levels through α-LacCer pre-treatment, suggesting α-LacCer could protect against ConA-induced liver injury. Mechanistically, we discerned that α-LacCer suppressed α-GalCer-stimulated cytokine production through competing for CD1d binding. Since iNKT cells play a critical role in the development of AHR and liver injury, the inhibition of iNKT cell activation by α-LacCer present a possible new approach in treating iNKT cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Po-Yu Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yun-Chiann Han
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Neng Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Invariant NKT Cells and Rheumatic Disease: Focus on Primary Sjogren Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215435. [PMID: 31683641 PMCID: PMC6862604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease mainly affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. Several factors contribute to pSS pathogenesis; in particular, innate immunity seems to play a key role in disease etiology. Invariant natural killer (NK) T cells (iNKT) are a T-cell subset able to recognize glycolipid antigens. Their function remains unclear, but studies have pointed out their ability to modulate the immune system through the promotion of specific cytokine milieu. In this review, we discussed the possible role of iNKT in pSS development, as well as their implications as future markers of disease activity.
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10
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3,4-Dideoxy-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro- and 4-OH epimeric 3-deoxy-3,3-difluoro-α-GalCer analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation on human iNKT cells stimulation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:195-213. [PMID: 31185411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
iNKT cells recognize CD1d/α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) complexes via their invariant TCR receptor and stimulate the immune response. Many α-GalCer analogues have been investigated to interrogate this interaction. Following our previous work related to the modification of the hydrogen bond network between α-GalCer and CD1d, we have now focused our attention on the synthesis of 3-deoxy-3,3-difluoro- and 3,4-dideoxy-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-α-GalCer analogues, and studied their ability to stimulate human iNKT cells. In each case, deoxygenation at the indicated positions was accompanied by difluoro introduction in order to evaluate the resulting electronic effect on the stability of the ternary CD1d/Galcer/TCR complex which has been rationalized by modeling study. With deoxy-difluorination at the 3-position, the two epimeric 4-OH analogues were investigated to establish their capacity to compensate for the lack of the hydrogen bond donating group at the 3-position. The 3,4-dideoxytetrafluoro analogue was of interest to highlight the amide NH-bond hydrogen bond properties.
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11
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Lee B, Jo Y, Kim G, Ali LA, Sohn DH, Lee SG, Kim K, Shin E, Ryu SH, Hong C. Specific Inhibition of Soluble γc Receptor Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Modulating the Inflammatory T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:209. [PMID: 30800133 PMCID: PMC6375885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 produced by Th17 cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is important to prevent the differentiation of Th17 cells in RA. Homodimeric soluble γc (sγc) impairs IL-2 signaling and enhances Th17 differentiation. Thus, we aimed to block the functions of sγc by inhibiting the formation of homodimeric sγc. The homodimeric form of sγc was strikingly disturbed by sγc-binding DNA aptamer. Moreover, the aptamer effectively inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and restored IL-2 and IL-15 signaling impaired by sγc with evidences of increased survival of T cells. sγc was highly expressed in SF of RA patients and increased in established CIA mice. The therapeutic effect of PEG-aptamer was tested in CIA model and its treatment alleviated arthritis pathogenesis with impaired differentiation of pathogenic Th17, NKT1, and NKT17 cells in inflamed joint. Homodimeric sγc has pathogenic roles to exacerbate RA progression with differentiation of local Th17, NKT1, and NKT17 cells. Therefore, sγc is suggested as target of a therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghyuk Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Geona Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Laraib Amir Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kiseok Kim
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Euisu Shin
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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12
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Miyake S, Yamamura T. Gut environmental factors and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 329:20-23. [PMID: 30077395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Commensal bacteria have maintained a symbolic relationship with the human body including the immune system and central nervous systems by co-evolving with humans for more than five million years. Recently, however, dysbiosis has emerged as a risk factor for various disorders including immune-mediated diseases. In this review, we discuss the interactions between commensal microbiota and the immune system and the association of immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis with microbial components and metabolic products as well as the presence of dysbiosis recently reported in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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13
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Bagchi S, Genardi S, Wang CR. Linking CD1-Restricted T Cells With Autoimmunity and Dyslipidemia: Lipid Levels Matter. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1616. [PMID: 30061888 PMCID: PMC6055000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, or altered blood lipid content, is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, are correlated highly with dyslipidemia. One common thread between both autoimmune diseases and altered lipid levels is the presence of inflammation, suggesting that the immune system might act as the link between these related pathologies. Deciphering the role of innate and adaptive immune responses in autoimmune diseases and, more recently, obesity-related inflammation, have been active areas of research. The broad picture suggests that antigen-presenting molecules, which present self-peptides to autoreactive T cells, can result in either aggravation or amelioration of inflammation. However, very little is known about the role of self-lipid reactive T cells in dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune events. Given that a range of autoimmune diseases are linked to aberrant lipid profiles and a majority of lipid-specific T cells are reactive to self-antigens, it is important to examine the role of these T cells in dyslipidemia-related autoimmune ailments and determine if dysregulation of these T cells can be drivers of autoimmune conditions. CD1 molecules present lipids to T cells and are divided into two groups based on sequence homology. To date, most of the information available on lipid-reactive T cells comes from the study of group 2 CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells while T cells reactive to group 1 CD1 molecules remain understudied, despite their higher abundance in humans compared to NKT cells. This review evaluates the mechanisms by which CD1-reactive, self-lipid specific T cells contribute to dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune disease progression or amelioration by examining available literature on NKT cells and highlighting recent progress made on the study of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Mortier C, Govindarajan S, Venken K, Elewaut D. It Takes "Guts" to Cause Joint Inflammation: Role of Innate-Like T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1489. [PMID: 30008717 PMCID: PMC6033969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate-like T cells such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal-associated T (MAIT) cells, characterized by a semi-invariant T cell receptor and restriction toward MHC-like molecules (CD1 and MR1 respectively), are a unique unconventional immune subset acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. Highly represented at barrier sites and capable of rapidly producing substantial amounts of cytokines, they serve a pivotal role as first-line responders against microbial infections. In contrast, it was demonstrated that innate-like T cells can be skewed toward a predominant pro-inflammatory state and are consequently involved in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatic disorders, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, there is link between gut and joint disease as they often co-incide and share certain aspects of the pathogenesis such as established genetic risk factors, a critical role for pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-17 and therapeutic susceptibility. In this regard dysregulated IL-23/IL-17 responses appear to be crucial in both debilitating pathologies and innate-like T cells likely act as key player. In this review, we will explore the remarkable features of iNKT cells and MAIT cells, and discuss their contribution to immunity and combined gut-joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Srinath Govindarajan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Nishioka Y, Masuda S, Tomaru U, Ishizu A. CD1d-Restricted Type II NKT Cells Reactive With Endogenous Hydrophobic Peptides. Front Immunol 2018; 9:548. [PMID: 29599785 PMCID: PMC5862807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells belong to a distinct subset of T cells that recognize hydrophobic antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecules, such as CD1d. Because NKT cells stimulated by antigens can activate or suppress other immunocompetent cells through an immediate production of a large amount of cytokines, they are regarded as immunological modulators. CD1d-restricted NKT cells are classified into two subsets, namely, type I and type II. CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells express invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) and react with lipid antigens, including the marine sponge-derived glycolipid α-galactosylceramide. On the contrary, CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells recognize a wide variety of antigens, including glycolipids, phospholipids, and hydrophobic peptides, by their diverse TCRs. In this review, we focus particularly on CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells that recognize endogenous hydrophobic peptides presented by CD1d. Previous studies have demonstrated that CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells usually act as pro-inflammatory cells but sometimes behave as anti-inflammatory cells. It has been also demonstrated that CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells play opposite roles to CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells; thus, they function as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory cells depending on the situation. In line with this, CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells that recognize type II collagen peptide have been demonstrated to act as anti-inflammatory cells in diverse inflammation-induction models in mice, whereas pro-inflammatory CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells reactive with sterol carrier protein 2 peptide have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of small vessel vasculitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Masuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Noto Llana M, Sarnacki SH, Morales AL, Aya Castañeda MDR, Giacomodonato MN, Blanco G, Cerquetti MC. Activation of iNKT Cells Prevents Salmonella-Enterocolitis and Salmonella-Induced Reactive Arthritis by Downregulating IL-17-Producing γδT Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:398. [PMID: 28944217 PMCID: PMC5596086 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an inflammatory condition of the joints that arises following an infection. Salmonella enterocolitis is one of the most common infections leading to ReA. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, it is known that IL-17 plays a pivotal role in the development of ReA. IL-17-producers cells are mainly Th17, iNKT, and γδT lymphocytes. It is known that iNKT cells regulate the development of Th17 lineage. Whether iNKT cells also regulate γδT lymphocytes differentiation is unknown. We found that iNKT cells play a protective role in ReA. BALB/c Jα18−/− mice suffered a severe Salmonella enterocolitis, a 3.5-fold increase in IL-17 expression and aggravated inflammation of the synovial membrane. On the other hand, activation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer abrogated IL-17 response to Salmonella enterocolitis and prevented intestinal and joint tissue damage. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of α-GalCer was related to a drop in the proportion of IL-17-producing γδT lymphocytes (IL17-γδTcells) rather than to a decrease in Th17 cells. In summary, we here show that iNKT cells play a protective role against Salmonella-enterocolitis and Salmonella-induced ReA by downregulating IL17-γδTcells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariángeles Noto Llana
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián H Sarnacki
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea L Morales
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del R Aya Castañeda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica N Giacomodonato
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Cerquetti
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhou J, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Tang X, Zhao X. CD3 +CD56 + natural killer T cell activity in children with different forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the influence of etanercept treatment on polyarticular subgroup. Clin Immunol 2016; 176:1-11. [PMID: 28025136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has three major onset types with widely varying clinical features. We assessed the natural killer T (NKT) cell function in patients with different JIA subtypes, and found systemic patients exhibited lower NKT cell counts, perforin and granzyme B expression, while the pauciarticular and polyarticular patients displayed higher perforin and granzyme B expression as compared with the controls. The synovial fluid had more NKT cells with higher levels of perforin, granzyme B, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α than peripheral cells. The polyarticular patients that responded to etanercept had lower NKT cell counts, intracellular perforin, granzyme B and the mean fluorescence intensity of TNF-α than the patients that did not respond. Treatment with etanercept reduced the granzyme B and perforin, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α expression in NKT cells in the responsive group. Therefore, a higher NKT cell function may indicate a decreased response to etanercept in polyarticular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China.
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
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18
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Jin HM, Kee SJ, Cho YN, Kang JH, Kim MJ, Jung HJ, Park KJ, Kim TJ, Lee SI, Choi H, Koh JT, Kim N, Park YW. Dysregulated osteoclastogenesis is related to natural killer T cell dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:2639-50. [PMID: 26097058 DOI: 10.1002/art.39244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role played by natural killer T (NKT) cells in osteoclastogenesis and their effects on inflammatory bone destruction. METHODS Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 12) were enrolled in this study. In vitro osteoclastogenesis experiments were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL. PBMCs were cultured in vitro with α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), and proliferation indices of NKT cells were estimated by flow cytometry. In vivo effects of αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells on inflammation and bone destruction were determined in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. RESULTS In vitro osteoclastogenesis was found to be significantly inhibited by αGalCer in healthy controls but not in RA patients. Proliferative responses of NKT cells and STAT-1 phosphorylation in monocytes in response to αGalCer were impaired in RA patients. Notably, αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis mainly via interferon-γ production in a cytokine-dependent manner (not by cell-cell contact) and down-regulated osteoclast-associated genes. Mice treated with αGalCer showed less severe arthritis and reduced bone destruction. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokine expression in arthritic joints was found to be reduced by αGalCer treatment. CONCLUSION This study primarily demonstrates that αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells have a regulatory effect on osteoclastogenesis and a protective effect against inflammatory bone destruction. However, it also shows that these effects of αGalCer are diminished in RA patients and that this is related to NKT cell dysfunction. These findings provide important information for those searching for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent bone destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Jin
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kang
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Choi
- Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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19
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Gottschalk C, Mettke E, Kurts C. The Role of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Dendritic Cell Licensing, Cross-Priming, and Memory CD8(+) T Cell Generation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:379. [PMID: 26284065 PMCID: PMC4517377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New vaccination strategies focus on achieving CD8+ T cell (CTL) immunity rather than on induction of protective antibody responses. While the requirement of CD4+ T (Th) cell help in dendritic cell (DC) activation and licensing, and in CTL memory induction has been described in several disease models, CTL responses may occur in a Th cell help-independent manner. Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) can substitute for Th cell help and license DC as well. iNKT cells produce a broad spectrum of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, thereby inducing a similar set of costimulatory molecules and cytokines in DC. This form of licensing differs from Th cell help by inducing other chemokines, while Th cell-licensed DCs produce CCR5 ligands, iNKT cell-licensed DCs produce CCL17, which attracts CCR4+ CD8+ T cells for subsequent activation. It has recently been shown that iNKT cells do not only enhance immune responses against bacterial pathogens or parasites but also play a role in viral infections. The inclusion of iNKT cell ligands in influenza virus vaccines enhanced memory CTL generation and protective immunity in a mouse model. This review will focus on the role of iNKT cells in the cross-talk with cross-priming DC and memory CD8+ T cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gottschalk
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mettke
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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20
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Roozbeh M, Mohammadpour H, Azizi G, Ghobadzadeh S, Mirshafiey A. The potential role of iNKT cells in experimental allergic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:105-13. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.897726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Simoni Y, Diana J, Ghazarian L, Beaudoin L, Lehuen A. Therapeutic manipulation of natural killer (NK) T cells in autoimmunity: are we close to reality? Clin Exp Immunol 2013. [PMID: 23199318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells reactive to lipids and restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecules represent more than 15% of all lymphocytes in human blood. This heterogeneous population of innate cells includes the invariant natural killer T cells (iNK T), type II NK T cells, CD1a,b,c-restricted T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. These populations are implicated in cancer, infection and autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on the role of these cells in autoimmunity. We summarize data obtained in humans and preclinical models of autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis. We also discuss the promise of NK T cell manipulations: restoration of function, specific activation, depletion and the relevance of these treatments to human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Simoni
- INSERM, U986, Hospital Cochin/St Vincent de Paul, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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22
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Horikoshi M, Goto D, Segawa S, Yoshiga Y, Iwanami K, Inoue A, Tanaka Y, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. Activation of Invariant NKT cells with glycolipid ligand α-galactosylceramide ameliorates glucose-6-phosphate isomerase peptide-induced arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51215. [PMID: 23251456 PMCID: PMC3520964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells regulate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) when activated by their potent glycolipid ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)-induced arthritis is a closer model of human rheumatoid arthritis based on its association with CD4+ T cells and cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 than CIA. Dominant T cell epitope peptide of GPI (GPI325-339) can induce arthritis similar to GPI-induced arthritis. In this study, we investigated the roles of activation of iNKT cells by α-GalCer in GPI peptide-induced arthritis. Methods Arthritis was induced in susceptible DBA1 mice with GPI peptide and its severity was assessed clinically. The arthritic mice were treated with either the vehicle (DMSO) or α-GalCer. iNKT cells were detected in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) by flow cytometry, while serum anti-GPI antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate GPI peptide-specific cytokine production from CD4+ T cells, immunized mice were euthanized and dLN CD4+ cells were re-stimulated by GPI-peptide in the presence of antigen-presenting cells. Results α-GalCer induced iNKT cell expansion in dLNs and significantly decreased the severity of GPI peptide-induced arthritis. In α-GalCer-treated mice, anti-GPI antibody production (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2b) and IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α produced by GPI peptide-specific T cells were significantly suppressed at day 10. Moreover, GPI-reactive T cells from mice immunized with GPI and α-GalCer did not generate any cytokines even when these cells were co-cultured with APC from mice immunized with GPI alone. In vitro depletion of iNKT cells did not alter the suppressive effect of α-GalCer on CD4+ T cells. Conclusion α-GalCer significantly suppressed GPI peptide-induced arthritis through the suppression of GPI-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Horikoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiji Segawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yohei Yoshiga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Keiichi Iwanami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Mice deficient in CD38 develop an attenuated form of collagen type II-induced arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33534. [PMID: 22438945 PMCID: PMC3306406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38, a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in many cells of the immune system, is involved in cell signaling, migration and differentiation. Studies in CD38 deficient mice (CD38 KO mice) indicate that this molecule controls inflammatory immune responses, although its involvement in these responses depends on the disease model analyzed. Here, we explored the role of CD38 in the control of autoimmune responses using chicken collagen type II (col II) immunized C57BL/6-CD38 KO mice as a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We demonstrate that CD38 KO mice develop an attenuated CIA that is accompanied by a limited joint induction of IL-1β and IL-6 expression, by the lack of induction of IFNγ expression in the joints and by a reduction in the percentages of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in the spleen. Immunized CD38 KO mice produce high levels of circulating IgG1 and low of IgG2a anti-col II antibodies in association with reduced percentages of Th1 cells in the draining lymph nodes. Altogether, our results show that CD38 participates in the pathogenesis of CIA controlling the number of iNKT cells and promoting Th1 inflammatory responses.
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24
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Chiba A, Tajima R, Tomi C, Miyazaki Y, Yamamura T, Miyake S. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells promote inflammation and exacerbate disease in murine models of arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:153-61. [PMID: 21904999 DOI: 10.1002/art.33314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells remains largely unknown. We previously reported an immunoregulatory role of MAIT cells in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to use animal models to determine whether MAIT cells are involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. METHODS MR1-/- and MR1+/+ DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant to trigger collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). To assess CII-specific T cell recall responses, lymph node cells from mice with CIA were challenged with CII ex vivo, and cytokine production and proliferation were evaluated. Serum levels of CII-specific antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced in MR1-/- and MR1+/+ C57BL/6 mice by injection of anti-CII antibodies followed by injection of lipopolysaccharide. To demonstrate the involvement of MAIT cells in arthritis, we induced CAIA in MR1-/- C57BL/6 mice that had been reconstituted with adoptively transferred MAIT cells. MAIT cell activation in response to cytokine stimulation was investigated. RESULTS The severity of CIA was reduced in MR1-/- DBA/1J mice. However, T and B cell responses to CII were comparable in MR1-/- and MR1+/+ DBA/1J mice. MR1-/- C57BL/6 mice were less susceptible to CAIA, and reconstitution with MAIT cells induced severe arthritis in MR1-/- C57BL/6 mice, demonstrating an effector role of MAIT cells in arthritis. MAIT cells became activated upon stimulation with interleukin-23 (IL-23) or IL-1β in the absence of T cell receptor stimuli. CONCLUSION These results indicate that MAIT cells exacerbate arthritis by enhancing the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Subleski JJ, Jiang Q, Weiss JM, Wiltrout RH. The split personality of NKT cells in malignancy, autoimmune and allergic disorders. Immunotherapy 2012; 3:1167-84. [PMID: 21995570 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are a heterogeneous subset of specialized, self-reactive T cells, with innate and adaptive immune properties, which allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity and profoundly influence autoimmune and malignant disease outcomes. NKT cells mediate these activities through their ability to rapidly express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that influence the type and magnitude of the immune response. Not only do NKT cells regulate the functions of other cell types, but experimental evidence has found NKT cell subsets can modulate the functions of other NKT subsets. Depending on underlying mechanisms, NKT cells can inhibit or exacerbate autoimmunity and malignancy, making them potential targets for disease intervention. NKT cells can respond to foreign and endogenous antigenic glycolipid signals that are expressed during pathogenic invasion or ongoing inflammation, respectively, allowing them to rapidly react to and influence a broad array of diseases. In this article we review the unique development and activation pathways of NKT cells and focus on how these attributes augment or exacerbate autoimmune disorders and malignancy. We also examine the growing evidence that NKT cells are involved in liver inflammatory conditions that can contribute to the development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Subleski
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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26
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Brief treatment with iNKT cell ligand α-galactosylceramide confers a long-term protection against lupus. J Clin Immunol 2011; 32:106-13. [PMID: 22002593 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CD1d presents glycolipid antigens such as α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) to invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT). We have reported that activated iNKTs inhibit IL-10-producing autoreactive B cells, while promoting or leaving intact the normal B cell responses, making iNKT modulation an attractive therapeutic modality. Here, we report that a brief treatment of young lupus-prone (NZB/NZW)F1 (BWF1) mice with two injections of αGalCer conferred a long-term protection against lupus. Long-term repeated administrations of αGalCer, however, afforded no clinical benefit. These disparate clinical effects correlated with iNKT responsiveness. While a brief treatment with αGalCer enhanced iNKT responses upon in vitro recall, the long-term αGalCer treatment resulted in reduced iNKT responses in BWF1 mice. The improvement in disease with αGalCer treatment was associated with the reduced IL-10 production. Furthermore, iNKTs directly inhibited IL-10-secreting cells in vivo in reconstituted SCID mice and inhibited IL-10-secreting B cells in vitro in co-cultures. Thus, a brief treatment with a CD1d-binding glycolipid enhances iNKT responses, reduces IL-10 production, and delays the onset of lupus, whereas long-term repeated treatments induce marked iNKT hyporesponsiveness and do not affect disease outcome in BWF1 mice. Identifying glycolipid regimens that can modulate iNKT responsiveness will have important implications for developing iNKT-based therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Preventing and curing citrulline-induced autoimmune arthritis in a humanized mouse model using a Th2-polarizing iNKT cell agonist. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 90:630-9. [PMID: 21912419 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes with unique reactivity to glycolipid antigens bound to non-polymorphic CD1d molecules. They are capable of rapidly releasing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and constitute attractive targets for immunotherapy of a wide range of diseases including autoimmune disorders. In this study, we have explored the beneficial effects of OCH, a Th2-polarizing glycolipid agonist of iNKT cells, in a humanized mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in which citrullinated human proteins are targeted by autoaggressive immune responses in mice expressing an RA susceptibility human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR4 molecule. We found for the first time that treatment with OCH both prevents and cures citrulline-induced autoimmune arthritis as evidenced by resolved ankle swelling and reversed histopathological changes associated with arthritis. Also importantly, OCH treatment blocked the arthritogenic capacity of citrullinated antigen-experienced splenocytes without compromising their global responsiveness or altering the proportion of splenic naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells. Interestingly, administering the Th1-promoting iNKT cell glycolipid ligand α-C-galactosylceramide into HLA-DR4 transgenic mice increased the incidence of arthritis in these animals and exacerbated their clinical symptoms, strongly suggesting a role for Th1 responses in the pathogenesis of citrulline-induced arthritis. Therefore, our findings indicate a role for Th1-mediated immunopathology in citrulline-induced arthritis and provide the first evidence that iNKT cell manipulation by Th2-skewing glycolipids may be of therapeutic value in this clinically relevant model, a finding that is potentially translatable to human RA.
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Activation of human invariant natural killer T cells with a thioglycoside analogue of α-galactosylceramide. Clin Immunol 2011; 140:196-207. [PMID: 21493160 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Activation of CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells with the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) confers protection against disease in murine models, however, clinical trials in humans have had limited impact. We synthesized a novel thioglycoside analogue of α-GalCer, denoted α-S-GalCer, and tested its efficacy for stimulating human iNKT cells in vitro. α-S-GalCer stimulated cytokine release by iNKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner and primed CD1d(+) target cells for lysis. α-S-GalCer-stimulated iNKT cells induced maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells into antigen-presenting cells that released IL-12 and small amounts of IL-10. The nature and potency of α-S-GalCer and α-GalCer in human iNKT cell activation were similar. However, in contrast to α-GalCer, α-S-GalCer did not activate murine iNKT cells in vivo. Because of its enhanced stability in biological systems, α-S-GalCer may be superior to α-GalCer as a parent compound for developing adjuvant therapies for humans.
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Jung S, Park YK, Shin JH, Lee H, Kim SY, Lee GR, Park SH. The requirement of natural killer T-cells in tolerogenic APCs-mediated suppression of collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2011; 42:547-54. [PMID: 20610917 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.8.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-beta-induced tolerogenic-antigen presenting cells (Tol-APCs) could induce suppression of autoimmune diseases such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and allergic asthma. In contrast, many studies have shown that NKT cells are involved in the pathogenesis of Th1-mediated autoimmune joint inflammation and Th2-mediated allergic pulmonary inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in the Tol-APCs-mediated suppression of autoimmune disease using a murine CIA model. When CIA-induced mice were treated with Tol-APCs obtained from CD1d+/- or CD1d-/- mice, unlike CD1d+/- APCs, CD1d-/- Tol-APCs failed to suppress CIA. More specifically, CD1d-/- Tol-APCs failed to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and the induction of Th2 responses by antigen-specific CD4 T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the presence of CD1d-restricted NKT cells is critical for the induction of Tol-APCs-mediated suppression of CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundo Jung
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Yoshiga Y, Goto D, Segawa S, Horikoshi M, Hayashi T, Matsumoto I, Ito S, Taniguchi M, Sumida T. Activation of natural killer T cells by α-carba-GalCer (RCAI-56), a novel synthetic glycolipid ligand, suppresses murine collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:236-47. [PMID: 21391989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-carba-GalCer (RCAI-56), a novel synthetic analogue of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), stimulates invariant natural killer T (NK T) cells to produce interferon (IFN)-γ. IFN-γ exhibits immunoregulatory properties in autoimmune diseases by suppressing T helper (Th)-17 cell differentiation and inducing regulatory T cells and apoptosis of autoreactive T cells. Here, we investigated the protective effects of α-carba-GalCer on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. First, we confirmed that α-carba-GalCer selectively induced IFN-γ in CIA-susceptible DBA/1 mice in vivo. Then, DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII) and α-carba-GalCer. The incidence and clinical score of CIA were significantly lower in α-carba-GalCer-treated mice. Anti-IFN-γ antibodies abolished the beneficial effects of α-carba-GalCer, suggesting that α-carba-GalCer ameliorated CIA in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Treatment with α-carba-GalCer reduced anti-CII antibody production [immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgG2a] and CII-reactive interleukin (IL)-17 production by draining lymph node (DLN) cells, did not induce apoptosis or regulatory T cells, and significantly increased the ratio of the percentage of IFN-γ-producing T cells to IL-17-producing T cells (Th1/Th17 ratio). Moreover, the gene expression levels of IL-6 and IL-23p19, Th17-related cytokines, were reduced significantly in mice treated with α-carba-GalCer. In addition, we observed higher IFN-γ production by NK T cells in α-carba-GalCer-treated mice in the initial phase of CIA. These findings indicate that α-carba-GalCer polarizes the T cell response toward Th1 and suppresses Th17 differentiation or activation, suggesting that α-carba-GalCer, a novel NK T cell ligand, can potentially provide protection against Th17-mediated autoimmune arthritis by enhancing the Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshiga
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Liu Y, Shu Q, Gao L, Hou N, Zhao D, Liu X, Zhang X, Xu L, Yue X, Zhu F, Guo C, Liang X, Ma C. Increased Tim-3 expression on peripheral lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis negatively correlates with disease activity. Clin Immunol 2011; 137:288-95. [PMID: 20805041 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tim-3 has been reported as an important regulatory molecule and plays a pivotal role in several autoimmunity diseases. Here, we demonstrated the increased expression of Tim-3 on peripheral CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T, NKT cells and monocytes from RA patients compared to those from healthy controls. Percentage of Tim-3(+) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed an inverse correlation with disease activity score 28 (DAS28) and plasma TNF-α level. Similar negative correlations were found between disease activity and Tim-3 levels on CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T and NKT cells. Consistently, Tim-3 expression on CD3(+) T cells was further increased in patients with disease remission after treatment. Tim-3 expression on CD8(+) T and NKT cells negatively correlates with plasma TNF-α. Our results suggest that Tim-3 might participate in the proceeding of RA by its negative regulation on various T cell subsets. Tim-3 might be a potential new marker for assessing severity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
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Novak J, Lehuen A. Mechanism of regulation of autoimmunity by iNKT cells. Cytokine 2010; 53:263-70. [PMID: 21185200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
iNKT cells, CD1d dependent natural killer T cells are a unique population of T cells. The capacity of iNKT cells to produce regulatory cytokines first provided an indication of their regulatory potential. Later on, in experimental models as well as in patients afflicted with an auto-immune disease, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus along with others, a deficit in iNKT cell number was observed, suggesting the role these cells may possibly have in the prevention of auto-immune diseases. More importantly, experimental strategies which focused on increasing the volume or stimulation of iNKT cells in laboratory animals, demonstrated an improved level of protection against the development of auto-immune diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of protection against autoimmunity by iNKT cells, discusses the obstacles against and indications for the potential use of iNKT cell manipulation in the treatment of human auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Centre of Research for Diabetes, Endocrinological Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Czech Republic.
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Jung S, Park YK, Lee H, Shin JH, Lee GR, Park SH. TGF-beta-treated antigen presenting cells suppress collagen- induced arthritis through the promotion of Th2 responses. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:187-94. [PMID: 20164680 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.3.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is mediated by self-reactive CD4(+) T cells that produce inflammatory cytokines. TGF-beta(2)-treated tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (Tol-APCs) are known to induce tolerance in various autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated whether collagen-specific Tol-APCs could induce suppression of CIA. We observed that Tol-APCs could suppress the development and severity of CIA and delay the onset of CIA. Treatment of Tol-APCs reduced the number of IFN-gamma- and IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells and increased IL-4- and IL-5-producing CD4(+) T cells upon collagen antigen stimulation in vitro. The suppression of CIA conferred by Tol-APCs correlated with their ability to selectively induce IL-10 production. We also observed that treatment of Tol-APCs inhibited not only cellular immune responses but also humoral immune responses in the process of CIA. Our results suggest that in vitro-generated Tol-APCs have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as well as other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundo Jung
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Boilard E, Lai Y, Larabee K, Balestrieri B, Ghomashchi F, Fujioka D, Gobezie R, Coblyn JS, Weinblatt ME, Massarotti EM, Thornhill TS, Divangahi M, Remold H, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Arm JP, Lee DM. A novel anti-inflammatory role for secretory phospholipase A2 in immune complex-mediated arthritis. EMBO Mol Med 2010; 2:172-87. [PMID: 20432503 PMCID: PMC3058614 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyses the release of arachidonic acid for generation of lipid mediators of inflammation and is crucial in diverse inflammatory processes. The functions of the secretory PLA2 enzymes (sPLA2), numbering nine members in humans, are poorly understood, though they have been shown to participate in lipid mediator generation and the associated inflammation. To further understand the roles of sPLA2 in disease, we quantified the expression of these enzymes in the synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis and used gene-deleted mice to examine their contribution in a mouse model of autoimmune erosive inflammatory arthritis. Contrary to expectation, we find that the group V sPLA2 isoform plays a novel anti-inflammatory role that opposes the pro-inflammatory activity of group IIA sPLA2. Mechanistically, group V sPLA2 counter-regulation includes promotion of immune complex clearance by regulating cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis. These observations identify a novel anti-inflammatory function for a PLA2 and identify group V sPLA2 as a potential biotherapeutic for treatment of immune-complex-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boilard
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Partners Asthma Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Teige A, Bockermann R, Hasan M, Olofsson KE, Liu Y, Issazadeh-Navikas S. CD1d-Dependent NKT Cells Play a Protective Role in Acute and Chronic Arthritis Models by Ameliorating Antigen-Specific Th1 Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:345-56. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Miellot-Gafsou A, Biton J, Bourgeois E, Herbelin A, Boissier MC, Bessis N. Early activation of invariant natural killer T cells in a rheumatoid arthritis model and application to disease treatment. Immunology 2010; 130:296-306. [PMID: 20113367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a distinctive subtype of CD1d-restricted T cells involved in regulating autoimmunity and capable of producing various T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 cytokines. Activation of iNKT cells by their exogenous ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) exerts therapeutic effects in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the pathophysiological role of iNKT cells in RA, in the absence of exogenous stimulation, is incompletely understood. We investigated the potential pathophysiological effects of iNKT cells in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of RA. We found that iNKT cells underwent activation only in the early phases of the disease (6 days post-induction). In the liver, but not the spleen or lymph nodes, this early activation led to the release of interleukins -4, -17A and -10 and of interferon-gamma; and an increased CD69 expression. Importantly, clinical and histological signs of arthritis were improved by the functional blockade of iNKT cells by a monoclonal antibody to CD1d at the early phase of the disease. This improvement was associated on day 6 post-induction with decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40) on splenic dendritic cells and macrophages, whereas regulatory T-cell suppressive effects and proportions were not modified. Taken in concert, these findings suggest that iNKT cells are activated early in the course of CIA and contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Therefore, iNKT-cell activation may be a valid treatment target in RA.
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Jung S, Shin HS, Hong C, Lee H, Park YK, Shin JH, Hong S, Lee GR, Park SH. Natural killer T cells promote collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:399-403. [PMID: 19737532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of NKT cells in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) remains unclear since most studies have used C57BL/6 (B6) mice, which are less susceptible to CIA than mice with a DBA/1 background. To clarify the immunological functions of NKT cells in CIA, it is necessary to analyze in detail the effects of NKT cell deficiency on CIA development in DBA/1 mice. The incidence and severity of CIA were significantly exacerbated in DBA/1CD1d(+/-) mice as compared to DBA/1CD1d(-/-) mice. In DBA/1CD1d(+/-) mice, antigen-specific responses of B and T cells against CII were remarkably increased and inflammatory cytokine levels were also increased in vivo and in vitro. The number of IL-17-producing NKT cells significantly increased in DBA/1CD1d(+/-) mice as the disease progressed. Our results clearly show that NKT cells are involved not only in accelerating the severity and incidence of CIA but also in perpetuating the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundo Jung
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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Miyake S, Yamamura T. Therapeutic Potential of CD1d-Restricted Invariant Natural Killer T Cell–based Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 26:73-94. [PMID: 17454265 DOI: 10.1080/08830180601070252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule. iNKT cells participate in various kinds of immunoregulation due to a potent ability to produce a variety of cytokines. Recent advances in studies of novel synthetic glycolipid ligands has led to new strategies to manipulate the pleiotropic functions of iNKT cells. The molecular mechanism of selective cytokine production by glycolipid ligands will be discussed. We will also focus on the possible therapeutic application of such ligands for the clinical treatment of various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Balato A, Unutmaz D, Gaspari AA. Natural killer T cells: an unconventional T-cell subset with diverse effector and regulatory functions. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1628-42. [PMID: 19262602 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that express NK cell markers such as CD161 and CD94, as well as a T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta, with a restricted repertoire, which distinguishes them from NK cells, which lack a TCR. In contrast to conventional T-lymphocytes, the TCR of NKT cells does not interact with that of peptide antigens presented by classical major histocompatibility complex-encoded class I or II molecules. Instead, this TCR recognizes glycolipids presented by CD1d, a non-classical antigen-presenting molecule. The rapid response of NKT cells to their cognate antigens is characteristic of an innate immune response, and allows the polarizing cytokines (IFN-gamma and/or IL-4) to regulate adaptive immunity. NKT cells have been found to be critical in the immune response against viral infections and malaria, as well as in tumor immunity, and certain autoimmune diseases. NKT cells have been assessed to represent the "trait d'union" between innate and adaptive immunity. They play an active role in skin diseases, such as contact sensitivity, which have been implicated in UV-induced immunosuppression and psoriasis. Thus, NKT-cells are emerging as an important subset of lymphocytes, with a protective role in host defense and a pathogenic role in certain immune-mediated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Tsunoda I, Tanaka T, Taniguchi M, Fujinami RS. Contrasting roles for Valpha14+ natural killer T cells in a viral model for multiple sclerosis. J Neurovirol 2008; 15:90-8. [PMID: 19115130 DOI: 10.1080/13550280802400684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most natural killer (NK) T cells express an invariant Valpha14 T-cell receptor. To explore the contribution of NKT cells in an animal model for multiple sclerosis, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection, TMEV-infected mice were treated with Valpha14 antibody. Treatment during the early stage of infection delayed the onset of demyelinating disease with higher interleukin-4 production, whereas administration during the late stage or weekly resulted in more severe demyelination with enhanced virus persistence. The effect of in vivo depletion of NKT cells differed depending on the stage of infection, suggesting contrasting roles for NKT cells over the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Wither J, Cai YC, Lim S, McKenzie T, Roslin N, Claudio JO, Cooper GS, Hudson TJ, Paterson AD, Greenwood CMT, Gladman D, Pope J, Pineau CA, Smith CD, Hanly JG, Peschken C, Boire G, Fortin PR. Reduced proportions of natural killer T cells are present in the relatives of lupus patients and are associated with autoimmunity. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R108. [PMID: 18783591 PMCID: PMC2592790 DOI: 10.1186/ar2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus is a genetically complex disease. Currently, the precise allelic polymorphisms associated with this condition remain largely unidentified. In part this reflects the fact that multiple genes, each having a relatively minor effect, act in concert to produce disease. Given this complexity, analysis of subclinical phenotypes may aid in the identification of susceptibility alleles. Here, we used flow cytometry to investigate whether some of the immune abnormalities that are seen in the peripheral blood lymphocyte population of lupus patients are seen in their first-degree relatives. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the subjects, stained with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to identify various cellular subsets, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results We found reduced proportions of natural killer (NK)T cells among 367 first-degree relatives of lupus patients as compared with 102 control individuals. There were also slightly increased proportions of memory B and T cells, suggesting increased chronic low-grade activation of the immune system in first-degree relatives. However, only the deficiency of NKT cells was associated with a positive anti-nuclear antibody test and clinical autoimmune disease in family members. There was a significant association between mean parental, sibling, and proband values for the proportion of NKT cells, suggesting that this is a heritable trait. Conclusions The findings suggest that analysis of cellular phenotypes may enhance the ability to detect subclinical lupus and that genetically determined altered immunoregulation by NKT cells predisposes first-degree relatives of lupus patients to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Wither
- Arthritis Centre of Excellence, Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Chiba A, Dascher CC, Besra GS, Brenner MB. Rapid NKT Cell Responses Are Self-Terminating during the Course of Microbial Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2292-302. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Diverse cytokine production by NKT cell subsets and identification of an IL-17-producing CD4-NK1.1- NKT cell population. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:11287-92. [PMID: 18685112 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801631105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cell subsets can be divided based on CD4 and NK1.1 expression and tissue of origin, but the developmental and functional relationships between the different subsets still are poorly understood. A comprehensive study of 19 cytokines across different NKT cell subsets revealed that no two NKT subpopulations exhibited the same cytokine profile, and, remarkably, the amounts of each cytokine produced varied by up to 100-fold or more among subsets. This study also revealed the existence of a population of CD4(-)NK1.1(-) NKT cells that produce high levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 within 2-3 h of activation. On intrathymic transfer these cells develop into mature CD4(-)NK1.1(+) but not into CD4(+)NK1.1(+) NKT cells, indicating that CD4(-)NK1.1(-) NKT cells include an IL-17-producing subpopulation, and also mark the elusive branch point for CD4(+) and CD4(-) NKT cell sublineages.
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Biburger M, Tiegs G. Activation-induced NKT cell hyporesponsiveness protects from alpha-galactosylceramide hepatitis and is independent of active transregulatory factors. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:264-79. [PMID: 18407967 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0607352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NK T (NKT) cells, unique lymphocytes expressing features of NK and T lymphocytes, can specifically be activated with the glycolipid antigen alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). In humans and mice, this activation provokes pronounced cytokine responses. In C57BL/6 mice, alpha-GalCer injection additionally induces NKT-mediated liver injury, representing a model for immune-mediated hepatitis in humans. However, a single alpha-GalCer pretreatment of mice prevented NKT-mediated liver injury, cytokine responses (systemically and locally in the liver), and up-regulation of hepatocellular Fas upon alpha-GalCer rechallenge. As alpha-GalCer is used as a NKT cell-activating agent in clinical trials, an investigation of tolerance induction appears crucial. We demonstrate that alpha-GalCer tolerance does not depend on Kupffer cells, IL-10, Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, or CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), which are crucial in other models of immunological tolerance. Amending relevant, earlier approaches of others, we cocultivated highly purified, nontolerized and tolerized liver NKT cells ex vivo and could convincingly exclude the relevance of transdominant NKT Tregs. These results strongly suggest alpha-GalCer-induced tolerance to be exclusively caused by NKT cell intrinsic hyporesponsiveness. Tolerized mice showed specific diminishment of the intrahepatic CD4+ NKT cell subpopulation, with the CD4(-) population largely unaffected, and revealed down-modulation of alpha-GalCer-specific TCR and the NKT costimulator glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein on liver NKT cells, whereas inhibitory Ly49I was increased. In conclusion, alpha-GalCer tolerance could serve as a model for the frequently observed NKT cell hyporesponsiveness in tumor patients and might help to develop strategies for their reactivation. Conversely, approaches to render NKT cells hyporesponsive may constitute new therapeutic strategies for diseases, where aberrant NKT cell activation is causally involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Biburger
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Immunotherapy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Department III, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
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Okumura A, Saito T, Otani I, Kojima K, Yamada Y, Ishida-Okawara A, Nakazato K, Asano M, Kanayama K, Iwakura Y, Suzuki K, Yamagoe S. Suppressive role of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 in mouse anti-type II collagen antibody-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:413-21. [PMID: 18240267 DOI: 10.1002/art.23215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that the Val58Ile polymorphism of the leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 gene (LECT2) is associated with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To define the role of LECT2 in inflammatory arthritides, we investigated the development of collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in LECT2-deficient (LECT2(-/-)) mice. METHODS CAIA was induced in mice by administering anti-type II collagen antibodies followed by lipopolysaccharide. Daily assessment of hind paw swelling was used to monitor the development of arthritis. The histopathologic features and expression of inflammatory cytokines were also analyzed. We confirmed the role of LECT2 by introducing a LECT2 expression vector into LECT2(-/-) mice, using a hydrodynamic gene transfer method. RESULTS Arthritis in LECT2(-/-) mice was significantly exacerbated compared with that in wild-type (WT) controls. Histopathologic assessment of the tarsal joints showed that inflammation and erosion of cartilage and bone in LECT2(-/-) mice were more severe than that in controls. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and certain chemokines were present at significantly higher levels in the arthritic hind paws of LECT2(-/-) mice. In contrast, the amount of LECT2 in the serum and locally in the hind paws was higher in arthritic WT mice. Finally, hydrodynamic gene transfer experiments revealed that the severity of arthritis was reduced by the systemic expression of exogenous mouse LECT2 protein in LECT2(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that LECT2 directly suppresses the development of CAIA. Manipulation of LECT2 might provide a rationale for novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of inflammatory arthritides such as RA.
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Sakuishi K, Oki S, Araki M, Porcelli SA, Miyake S, Yamamura T. Invariant NKT cells biased for IL-5 production act as crucial regulators of inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3452-62. [PMID: 17785779 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although invariant NKT (iNKT) cells play a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and allergy, an initial trigger for their regulatory responses remains elusive. In this study, we report that a proportion of human CD4+ iNKT cell clones produce enormous amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 when cocultured with CD1d+ APC in the presence of IL-2. Such IL-5 bias was never observed when we stimulated the same clones with alpha-galactosylceramide or anti-CD3 Ab. Suboptimal TCR stimulation by plate-bound anti-CD3 Ab was found to mimic the effect of CD1d+ APC, indicating the role of TCR signaling for selective induction of IL-5. Interestingly, DNA microarray analysis identified IL-5 and IL-13 as the most highly up-regulated genes, whereas other cytokines produced by iNKT cells, such as IL-4 and IL-10, were not significantly induced. Moreover, iNKT cells from BALB/c mice showed similar IL-5 responses after stimulation with IL-2 ex vivo or in vivo. The iNKT cell subset producing IL-5 and IL-13 could play a major role in the development of allergic disease or asthma and also in the immune regulation of Th1 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sakuishi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamura T, Sakuishi K, Illés Z, Miyake S. Understanding the behavior of invariant NKT cells in autoimmune diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 191:8-15. [PMID: 17905445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by a monomorphic glycoprotein CD1d. Numerous works have shown that iNKT cells may serve as regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, recent studies have revealed that the presence of iNKT cells accelerates some inflammatory conditions, implying that their protective role against autoimmunity is not predetermined. Here we review recent information concerning the mechanism of how iNKT cells intervene or promote autoimmune inflammation. Although iNKT cells are thought to be specific for a limited set of glycolipids, they may cross-react to self and non-self ligands. Regarding the response to non-self, it is now known that iNKT cells produce enormous amounts of proinflammatory cytokines during the course of infectious diseases, which is triggered by TCR ligation by microbial lipids, cytokines produced from APCs or both. Whereas the strongly activated iNKT cells play a beneficial role in combating environmental pathogens, they could play a deleterious role in autoimmunity by producing disease-promoting cytokines. However, iNKT cells in the steady state would retain an ability to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, which is needed for terminating the ongoing inflammation. Though an initial trigger for their regulatory responses remains elusive, our recent work indicates that iNKT cells may start regulating inflammation after sensing the presence of IL-2 in addition to recognizing a ubiquitous endogenous ligand. Understanding of how iNKT cells regulate autoimmunity should lead to a more sophisticated strategy for controlling autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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Coppieters K, Van Beneden K, Jacques P, Dewint P, Vervloet A, Vander Cruyssen B, Van Calenbergh S, Chen G, Franck RW, Verbruggen G, Deforce D, Matthys P, Tsuji M, Rottiers P, Elewaut D. A Single Early Activation of Invariant NK T Cells Confers Long-Term Protection against Collagen-Induced Arthritis in a Ligand-Specific Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:2300-9. [PMID: 17675491 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.4.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) has been shown to be a potent activator of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, rapidly inducing large amounts of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines upon injection in mice. The C-glycoside analog of alpha-GalCer (alpha-C-GalCer), by contrast, results in an enhanced Th1-type response upon activation of iNKT cells. We administered a single dose of these Ags to DBA/1 mice during the early induction phase of collagen-induced arthritis and demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of alpha-GalCer when administered early rather than late during the disease. Surprisingly, the Th1-polarizing analog alpha-C-GalCer also conferred protection. Furthermore, a biphasic role of IFN-gamma in the effect of iNKT cell stimulation was observed. Whereas in vivo neutralization of IFN-gamma release induced by either alpha-GalCer or alpha-C-GalCer early during the course of disease resulted in partial improvement of clinical arthritis symptoms, blockade of IFN-gamma release later on resulted in a more rapid onset of arthritis. Although no phenotypic changes in conventional T cells, macrophages, or APCs could be detected, important functional differences in T cell cytokine production in serum were observed upon polyclonal T cell activation, 2 wk after onset of arthritis. Whereas alpha-GalCer-treated mice produced significantly higher amounts of IL-10 upon systemic anti-CD3 stimulation compared with PBS controls, T cells from alpha-C-GalCer-treated mice, by contrast, produced substantially lower levels of cytokines, suggesting the involvement of different protective mechanisms. In conclusion, these findings suggest long-term, ligand-specific, time-dependent, and partially IFN-gamma-dependent immunomodulatory effects of iNKT cells in collagen-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Coppieters
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kaieda S, Tomi C, Oki S, Yamamura T, Miyake S. Activation of invariant natural killer T cells by synthetic glycolipid ligands suppresses autoantibody-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1836-45. [PMID: 17530712 DOI: 10.1002/art.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with SGL-S23, a novel synthetic glycolipid analog of alpha-galactosylceramide with an elongated sphingosine chain, has been shown to strongly suppress K/BxN serum transfer arthritis. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of SGL-S23 in an effector phase of arthritis. METHODS To induce arthritis, C57BL/6 mice were injected with 150 mul of serum from K/BxN mice (KRN TCR-transgenic mice crossed with nonobese diabetic mice). Subsequently, synthetic glycolipid ligands were administered intraperitoneally twice, either 3 times starting on day 0 (the day of K/BxN serum injection) or twice starting on day 3. Neutralizing antibody against interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, or transforming growth factor beta was administered 4 hours before injection of SGL-S23. Recombinant IFNgamma was administered subcutaneously every day. The severity of arthritis was monitored using a macroscopic scoring system. Cytokine production and plasma histamine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SGL-S23 strongly suppressed K/BxN serum transfer arthritis by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequent destruction of cartilage and bone. The inhibitory effect mediated by SGL-S23 was abolished by neutralization of IFNgamma. Systemic administration of IFNgamma prevented the development of inflammatory arthritis. Histamine release was suppressed by administration of SGL-S23 or IFNgamma. Degranulated mast cells in the synovium were significantly reduced in SGL-S23-treated mice, suggesting that suppression of mast cell activation contributed to the inhibition of arthritis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that activation of iNKT cells with glycolipid ligands holds promise with regard to the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. SGL-S23 has clinical benefit over alpha-galactosylceramide since it induces a weaker cytokine production response in iNKT cells, therefore reducing potential side effects caused by excessive cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Kaieda
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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