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Rai MF, Collins KH, Lang A, Maerz T, Geurts J, Ruiz-Romero C, June RK, Ramos Y, Rice SJ, Ali SA, Pastrello C, Jurisica I, Thomas Appleton C, Rockel JS, Kapoor M. Three decades of advancements in osteoarthritis research: insights from transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:385-397. [PMID: 38049029 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease involving contributions from both local joint tissues and systemic sources. Patient characteristics, encompassing sociodemographic and clinical variables, are intricately linked with OA rendering its understanding challenging. Technological advancements have allowed for a comprehensive analysis of transcripts, proteomes and metabolomes in OA tissues/fluids through omic analyses. The objective of this review is to highlight the advancements achieved by omic studies in enhancing our understanding of OA pathogenesis over the last three decades. DESIGN We conducted an extensive literature search focusing on transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics within the context of OA. Specifically, we explore how these technologies have identified individual transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, as well as distinctive endotype signatures from various body tissues or fluids of OA patients, including insights at the single-cell level, to advance our understanding of this highly complex disease. RESULTS Omic studies reveal the description of numerous individual molecules and molecular patterns within OA-associated tissues and fluids. This includes the identification of specific cell (sub)types and associated pathways that contribute to disease mechanisms. However, there remains a necessity to further advance these technologies to delineate the spatial organization of cellular subtypes and molecular patterns within OA-afflicted tissues. CONCLUSIONS Leveraging a multi-omics approach that integrates datasets from diverse molecular detection technologies, combined with patients' clinical and sociodemographic features, and molecular and regulatory networks, holds promise for identifying unique patient endophenotypes. This holistic approach can illuminate the heterogeneity among OA patients and, in turn, facilitate the development of tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Unidad de Proteómica, INIBIC -Hospital Universitario A Coruña, SERGAS, Spain
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Yolande Ramos
- Dept. Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Rice
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shabana Amanda Ali
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason S Rockel
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Philpott HT, Blackler G, Daniel Klapak J, Pitchers KK, Tomlinson M, Smith N, Viehweger J, Umoh JU, Holdsworth DW, Maerz T, Thomas Appleton C. Effects of risk factors on evoked pain patterns in rat models of experimental knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2617-2628. [PMID: 37132371 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pain experiences in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) may be influenced differently by OA risk factors, reducing the translatability of preclinical research into the clinic. Our objective was to contrast evoked pain patterns after exposure to different OA risk factors including acute joint trauma, chronic instability, or obesity/metabolic syndrome using rat models of experimental knee OA. We tested longitudinal patterns of evoked pain behaviors (knee pressure pain threshold and hindpaw withdrawal threshold) in young male rats exposed to different OA-inducing risk factors including (1) nonsurgical joint trauma (impact-induced anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture); (2) surgical joint destabilization (ACL + medial meniscotibial ligament transection); and (3) high fat/sucrose (HFS) diet-induced obesity. Histopathology for synovitis, cartilage damage, and subchondral bone morphology was performed. Pressure pain threshold was reduced (more pain) most, and earlier by joint trauma (Week 4-12) and HFS (Week 8-28) than by joint destabilization (Week 12). Hindpaw withdrawal threshold was reduced transiently after joint trauma (Week 4), with smaller and later reductions after joint destabilization (Week 12), but not with HFS. Synovial inflammation occurred at Week 4 after joint trauma and instability but only coincided with pain behaviors after joint trauma. Cartilage and bone histopathology were most severe after joint destabilization and least severe with HFS. The pattern, intensity, and timing of evoked pain behaviors varied due to OA risk factor exposure and were inconsistently associated with histopathological OA features. These findings may help to explain the challenges with translating preclinical OA pain research to multimorbid clinical OA contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly T Philpott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Garth Blackler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Daniel Klapak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle K Pitchers
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison Tomlinson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niall Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaclyn Viehweger
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph U Umoh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Preclinical Imaging Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Holdsworth
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Preclinical Imaging Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Thomas Appleton
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Sun YC, Shen PH, Wang CC, Liu HY, Lu CH, Su SC, Liu JS, Li PF, Huang CL, Ho LJ, Hung YJ, Lee CH, Kuo FC. DFATs derived from infrapatellar fat pad hold advantage on chondrogenesis and adipogenesis to evade age mediated influence. J Orthop Translat 2023; 42:113-126. [PMID: 37680904 PMCID: PMC10480672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) are highly homogeneous and multipotent compared with adipose-derived stromal cells (SCs). Infrapatellar fat pad (IFP)-SCs have advanced chondrogenic potency; however, whether IFP-DFATs could serve as better cell material remains unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the influence of age and body mass index (BMI) on the features of IFPs and IFP-derived cells (IFP-SCs and IFP-DFATs) with exploration of the clinical utilization of IFP-DFATs. Methods We collected IFPs with isolation of paired IFP-SCs and IFP-DFATs from individuals aged 65 years and older with distinct body weights who underwent total knee replacement for osteoarthritis (OA). Flow cytometry was used to characterize the cellular immunophenotypes. Adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were performed in vitro. Real-time qPCR, western blotting, and Oil Red O or Alcian blue staining were performed to evaluate inflammation, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. RNA sequencing and Seahorse analyses were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results We found that IFPs from old or normal-weight individuals with knee OA were pro-inflammatory, and that interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling was associated with multiple immune-related molecules, whereas IFP-derived cells could escape the inflammatory properties. Aging plays an important role in diminishing the chondrogenic and adipogenic abilities of IFP-SCs; however, this effect was avoided in IFP-DFATs. Generally, IFP-DFATs presented a steady state of chondrogenesis (less influenced by age) and consistently enhanced adipogenesis compared to paired IFP-SCs in different age or BMI groups. RNA sequencing and Seahorse analysis suggested that the downregulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling and enhanced mitochondrial function may contribute to the improved cellular biology of IFP-DFATs. Conclusions Our data indicate that IFP-DFATs are superior cell material compared to IFP-SCs for cartilage differentiation and adipogenesis, particularly in advanced aging patients with knee OA. The translational potential of this article These results provide a novel concept and supportive evidence for the use of IFP-DFATs for cell therapy or tissue engineering in patients with knee OA. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of RNA-seq data and Seahorse analysis of mitochondrial metabolic parameters, we highlighted that some molecules, signaling pathways, and mitochondrial functions are likely to be jointly coordinated to determine the enhanced biological function in IFP-DFATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Sun
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hung Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Syuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Luen Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cen H, Yan Q, Meng T, Chen Z, Zhu J, Wang Y, Ruan G, Wang T, Han W, Hunter D, Ding C. Quantitative infrapatellar fat pad signal intensity alteration as an imaging biomarker of knee osteoarthritis progression. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002565. [PMID: 36697038 PMCID: PMC9884854 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of quantitative infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) signal intensity alteration with knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. METHOD This study was performed based on the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health OA Biomarkers Consortium study, a nested case-control study consisting of 600 participants. The IPFP signal intensity alterations were quantitatively measured at baseline, 12 months and 24 months. The associations of baseline and time-integrated values over 12 and 24 months of IPFP signal intensity measures with knee OA progression over 48 months were evaluated with adjustment for baseline confounders. RESULTS The baseline level of clustering effect of high signal intensity (Clustering factor (H)) was predictive of clinically relevant progression (both radiographic and pain progression) (OR 1.22). The time-integrated values of all IPFP signal intensity measures, except for mean value of IPFP signal intensity (Mean (IPFP)) over 24 months (ORs ranging from 1.23 to 1.39) as well was all except for Mean (IPFP) and mean value of IPFP high signal intensity (Mean (H)) over 12 months (ORs ranging from 1.20 to 1.31), were positively associated with clinically relevant progression. When the associations of quantitative IPFP signal intensity measures with radiographic and pain progression were examined separately, more IPFP signal intensity measures with stronger effect sizes were associated with radiographic progression compared with pain progression. CONCLUSION The associations of short-term alteration in quantitative IPFP signal intensity measures with long-term knee OA progression suggest that these measures might serve as efficacy of intervention biomarkers of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cen
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Qingran Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia,School of Mathematics and Information Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jimin Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia,Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia,Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangfeng Ruan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia,Clinical Research Centre, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Han
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - David Hunter
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China .,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Liao HJ, Chang CH, Huang CYF, Chen HT. Potential of Using Infrapatellar–Fat–Pad–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Therapy in Degenerative Arthritis: Chondrogenesis, Exosomes, and Transcription Regulation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030386. [PMID: 35327578 PMCID: PMC8945217 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrapatellar fat pad–derived mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) are a type of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC). They potentially contribute to cartilage regeneration and modulation of the immune microenvironment in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The ability of IPFP-MSCs to increase chondrogenic capacity has been reported to be greater, less age dependent, and less affected by inflammatory changes than that of other MSCs. Transcription-regulatory factors strictly regulate the cartilage differentiation of MSCs. However, few studies have explored the effect of transcriptional factors on IPFP-MSC-based neocartilage formation, cartilage engineering, and tissue functionality during and after chondrogenesis. Instead of intact MSCs, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles could be used for the treatment of OA. Furthermore, exosomes are increasingly being considered the principal therapeutic agent in MSC secretions that is responsible for the regenerative and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs in cartilage repair. The present study provides an overview of advancements in enhancement strategies for IPFP-MSC chondrogenic differentiation, including the effects of transcriptional factors, the modulation of released exosomes, delivery mechanisms for MSCs, and ethical and regulatory points concerning the development of MSC products. This review will contribute to the understanding of the IPFP-MSC chondrogenic differentiation process and enable the improvement of IPFP-MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Jung Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hung Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan;
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 320315, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (H.-T.C.)
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (H.-T.C.)
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Metabolomics of Synovial Fluid and Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Patients with Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1101-1117. [PMID: 35041143 PMCID: PMC9095531 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and autoimmune-driven rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory joint diseases with complex and insufficiently understood pathogeneses. Our objective was to characterize the metabolic fingerprints of synovial fluid (SF) and its adjacent infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) obtained during the same surgical operation from OA and RA knees. Non-targeted metabolite profiling was performed for 5 non-inflammatory trauma controls, 10 primary OA (pOA) patients, and 10 seropositive RA patients with high-resolution mass spectrometry-based techniques, and metabolites were matched with known metabolite identities. Groupwise differences in metabolic features were analyzed with the univariate Welch’s t-test and the multivariate linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Significant discrimination of metabolite profiles was discovered by LDA for both SF and IFP and by PCA for SF based on diagnosis. In addition to a few drug-derived substances, there were 16 and 13 identified metabolites with significant differences between the diagnoses in SF and IFP, respectively. The pathways downregulated in RA included androgen, bile acid, amino acid, and histamine metabolism, and those upregulated included biotin metabolism in pOA and purine metabolism in RA and pOA. The RA-induced downregulation of androgen and bile acid metabolism was observed for both SF and IFP. The levels of 11 lipid metabolites, mostly glycerophospholipids and fatty acid amides, were also altered by these inflammatory conditions. The identified metabolic pathways could be utilized in the future to deepen our understanding of the pathogeneses of OA and RA and to develop not only biomarkers for their early diagnosis but also therapeutic targets.
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Afzali MF, Radakovich LB, Sykes MM, Campbell MA, Patton KM, Sanford JL, Vigon N, Ek R, Narez GE, Marolf AJ, Sikes KJ, Haut Donahue TL, Santangelo KS. Early removal of the infrapatellar fat pad/synovium complex beneficially alters the pathogenesis of moderate stage idiopathic knee osteoarthritis in male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:282. [PMID: 36578046 PMCID: PMC9795160 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is the largest adipose deposit in the knee; however, its contributions to the homeostasis of this organ remain undefined. To determine the influence of the IFP and its associated synovium (IFP/synovium complex or IFP/SC) on joint health, this study evaluated the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) following excision of this unit in a rodent model of naturally-occurring disease. METHODS Male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (n=18) received surgical removal of the IFP in one knee at 3 months of age; contralateral knees received sham surgery as matched internal controls. Mobility and gait assessments were performed prior to IFP/SC removal and monthly thereafter. Animals were harvested at 7 months of age. Ten set of these knees were processed for microcomputed tomography (microCT), histopathology, transcript expression analyses, and immunohistochemistry (IHC); 8 sets of knees were dedicated to microCT and biomechanical testing (material properties of knee joints tissues and anterior drawer laxity). RESULTS Fibrous connective tissue (FCT) developed in place of the native adipose depot. Gait demonstrated no significant differences between IFP/SC removal and contralateral hindlimbs. MicroCT OA scores were improved in knees containing the FCT. Quantitatively, IFP/SC-containing knees had more osteophyte development and increased trabecular volume bone mineral density (vBMD) in femora and tibiae. Histopathology confirmed maintenance of articular cartilage structure, proteoglycan content, and chondrocyte cellularity in FCT-containing knees. Transcript analyses revealed decreased expression of adipose-related molecules and select inflammatory mediators in FCTs compared to IFP/SCs. This was verified via IHC for two key inflammatory agents. The medial articular cartilage in knees with native IFP/SCs showed an increase in equilibrium modulus, which correlated with increased amounts of magnesium and phosphorus. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Formation of the FCT resulted in reduced OA-associated changes in both bone and cartilage. This benefit may be associated with: a decrease in inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels; and/or improved biomechanical properties. Thus, the IFP/SC may play a role in the pathogenesis of knee OA in this strain, with removal prior to disease onset appearing to have short-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F. Afzali
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Lauren B. Radakovich
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Madeline M. Sykes
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Margaret A. Campbell
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Kayley M. Patton
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Joseph L. Sanford
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Nicole Vigon
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Ryan Ek
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Gerardo E. Narez
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Angela J. Marolf
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 123 Flint Cancer Center, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Katie J. Sikes
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1678 Clinical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Tammy L. Haut Donahue
- grid.56061.340000 0000 9560 654XBiomedical Engineering Department, The University of Memphis, 3806 Norriswood, Memphis, TN 38152 USA
| | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Synovial Fluid Fatty Acid Profiles Are Differently Altered by Inflammatory Joint Pathologies in the Shoulder and Knee Joints. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050401. [PMID: 34064447 PMCID: PMC8147852 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anomalies of fatty acid (FA) metabolism characterize osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the knee joint. No previous study has investigated the synovial fluid (SF) FA manifestations in these aging-related inflammatory diseases in the shoulder. The present experiment compared the FA alterations between the shoulder and knee joints in patients with end-stage OA or end-stage RA. SF samples were collected during glenohumeral or knee joint surgery from trauma controls and from OA and RA patients (n = 42). The FA composition of SF total lipids was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection and compared across cohorts. The FA signatures of trauma controls were mostly uniform in both anatomical locations. RA shoulders were characterized by elevated percentages of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 and with reduced proportions of 18:1n-9. The FA profiles of OA and RA knees were relatively uniform and displayed lower proportions of 18:2n-6, 22:6n-3 and total n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs). The results indicate location- and disease-dependent differences in the SF FA composition. These alterations in FA profiles and their potential implications for the production of PUFA-derived lipid mediators may affect joint lubrication, synovial inflammation and pannus formation as well as cartilage and bone degradation and contribute to the pathogeneses of inflammatory joint diseases.
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Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis-a Complex Field with Significant Potential for Future Treatments. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:41. [PMID: 33913032 PMCID: PMC8081702 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism manifested as altered fatty acid (FA) profiles of synovial fluid and tissues and in the way dietary FA supplements can influence the symptoms of especially RA. In addition to classic eicosanoids, the potential roles of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA)-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) have become the focus of intensive research. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the roles of FA and oxylipins in the degradation or protection of synovial joints. Recent Findings There exists discordance between the large body of literature from cell culture and animal experiments on the adverse and beneficial effects of individual FA and the lack of effective treatments for joint destruction in OA and RA patients. Saturated 16:0 and 18:0 induce mostly deleterious effects, while long-chain n-3 PUFA, especially 20:5n-3, have positive influence on joint health. The situation can be more complex for n-6 PUFA, such as 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and its derivative prostaglandin E2, with a combination of potentially adverse and beneficial effects. SPM analogs have future potential as analgesics for arthritic pain. Summary Alterations in FA profiles and their potential implications in SPM production may affect joint lubrication, synovial inflammation, pannus formation, as well as cartilage and bone degradation and contribute to the pathogeneses of inflammatory joint diseases. Further research directions include high-quality randomized controlled trials on dietary FA supplements and investigations on the significance of lipid composition of microvesicle membrane and cargo in joint diseases.
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10
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Lipoxin A4-Mediated p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway Protects Mice Against Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:346-365. [PMID: 33221976 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the article was to study the mechanism of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4)-mediated p38 MAPK pathway protecting mice against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The impact of LXA4 (0, 5, 10, 15 nM) on synoviocytes proliferation of CIA mice was detected using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. CIA mice were treated with LXA4, SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), and/or anisomycin (a p38 agonist), and the arthritis severity score in each mouse was determined. The gene or protein expressions were detected with Western Blotting, ELISA, or qRT-PCR. LXA4 inhibited the synoviocytes proliferation of CIA mice with decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ and reduced p-p38/total p38 expression in synoviocytes in a dose-dependent manner. LXA4 levels were decreased in synovial tissues and plasma of CIA mice, but p-p38/total p38 expression was increased in synovial tissues. LXA4 could downregulate p-p38/total p38 expression in synovial tissues of CIA mice. Both LXA4 and SB203580 reduced arthritis severity score of CIA mice with the reduction of synovial tissue hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. CIA mice treated with LXA4 and SB203580 had lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, accompanying decreased MDA as well as increased SOD, CAT,and GPx. However, anisomycin could reverse the protect effects of LXA4 on CIA mice regarding the abovementioned inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indexes. LXA4 protected mice against collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which may be a potential new therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis.
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11
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Zeng N, Yan ZP, Chen XY, Ni GX. Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Knee Osteoarthritis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1317-1328. [PMID: 33014539 PMCID: PMC7505265 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent arthritis typically characterized by degradation of cartilage. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Currently, osteoarthritis is best considered a disease of the whole "joint organ". Infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), an adipose tissue near synovium, is now attaching importance to researchers for its inflammatory phenotype. In this narrative review, a large body of evidence has been gathered for the involvement of IFP in the development of knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of how IFP can be involved in this process have been proposed. However, further investigations are needed to better understand its precise role in this process and its underlying mechanism, and beyond that, to develop new strategies to slow down the degenerative process and explore an effective and timely diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Guo-Xin Ni, School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Greif DN, Kouroupis D, Murdock CJ, Griswold AJ, Kaplan LD, Best TM, Correa D. Infrapatellar Fat Pad/Synovium Complex in Early-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential New Target and Source of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 32850724 PMCID: PMC7399076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has until recently been viewed as a densely vascular and innervated intracapsular/extrasynovial tissue with biomechanical roles in the anterior compartment of the knee. Over the last decade, secondary to the proposition that the IFP and synovium function as a single unit, its recognized tight molecular crosstalk with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of joint disease, and the characterization of immune-related resident cells with varying phenotypes (e.g., pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages), this structural complex has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target in patients with various knee pathologies including osteoarthritis (KOA). Furthermore, the description of the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) as perivascular cells within the IFP (IFP-MSC), exhibiting immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and neutralizing activities over key local mediators, has promoted the IFP as an alternative source of MSC for cell-based therapy protocols. These complementary concepts have supported the growing notion of immune and inflammatory events participating in the pathogenesis of KOA, with the IFP/synovium complex engaging not only in amplifying local pathological responses, but also as a reservoir of potential therapeutic cell-based products. Consequently, the aim of this review is to outline the latest discoveries related with the IFP/synovium complex as both an active participant during KOA initiation and progression thus emerging as a potential target, and a source of therapeutic IFP-MSCs. Finally, we discuss how these notions may help the design of novel treatments for KOA through modulation of local cellular and molecular cascades that ultimately lead to joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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13
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Jaggard MKJ, Boulangé CL, Graça G, Vaghela U, Akhbari P, Bhattacharya R, Williams HRT, Lindon JC, Gupte CM. Can metabolic profiling provide a new description of osteoarthritis and enable a personalised medicine approach? Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3875-3882. [PMID: 32488772 PMCID: PMC7648745 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease contributing to significant disability and economic burden in Western populations. The aetiology of OA remains poorly understood, but is thought to involve genetic, mechanical and environmental factors. Currently, the diagnosis of OA relies predominantly on clinical assessment and plain radiographic changes long after the disease has been initiated. Recent advances suggest that there are changes in joint fluid metabolites that are associated with OA development. If this is the case, biochemical and metabolic biomarkers of OA could help determine prognosis, monitor disease progression and identify potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, for focussed management and personalised medicine, novel biomarkers could sub-stratify patients into OA phenotypes, differentiating metabolic OA from post-traumatic, age-related and genetic OA. To date, OA biomarkers have concentrated on cytokine action and protein signalling with some progress. However, these remain to be adopted into routine clinical practice. In this review, we outline the emerging metabolic links to OA pathogenesis and how an elucidation of the metabolic changes in this condition may provide future, more descriptive biomarkers to differentiate OA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K J Jaggard
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C L Boulangé
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Graça
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U Vaghela
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - P Akhbari
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Bhattacharya
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - H R T Williams
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J C Lindon
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C M Gupte
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Jiang LF, Fang JH, Wu LD. Role of infrapatellar fat pad in pathological process of knee osteoarthritis: Future applications in treatment. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2134-2142. [PMID: 31531309 PMCID: PMC6718789 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i16.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that obese people have a higher proportion in suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), not only in the weight-bearing joints like knee and hip joints, even in non-weight-bearing joints such as hand joints. One of the reasons is because the large amount of adipose tissue secretes some factors, which can promote the occurrence of arthritis. As an important structure of the knee joint, the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is actually a piece of adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive view of the anatomy and physiological characteristics of IPFP and its relationship with the pathological process of OA, indicating the important function of IPFP in OA. At the same time, with the development of adipose derived stem cells in the treatment of OA, owing to its special advantages, the IPFP is becoming a kind of important, minimally invasive fat stem cell source, providing a new approach for the treatment of OA. We hope that this review will offer an overview of all published data regarding the IPFP and will indicate novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Hua Fang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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15
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Mustonen AM, Käkelä R, Lehenkari P, Huhtakangas J, Turunen S, Joukainen A, Kääriäinen T, Paakkonen T, Kröger H, Nieminen P. Distinct fatty acid signatures in infrapatellar fat pad and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis versus rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:124. [PMID: 31118103 PMCID: PMC6532171 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has recently emerged as a potential source of inflammation in knee arthropathies. It has been proposed to be one source of adipocytokines, fatty acids (FA), and FA-derived lipid mediators that could contribute to the pathophysiological processes in the knee joint. Alterations in synovial fluid (SF) lipid composition have been linked to both osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to compare the FA signatures in the IFP and SF of RA and OA patients. Methods Pairs of IFP and SF samples were collected from the same knees of RA (n = 10) and OA patients (n = 10) undergoing total joint replacement surgery. Control SF samples (n = 6) were harvested during diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopic knee surgery unrelated to RA or OA. The FA composition in the total lipids of IFP and SF was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Results Arthropathies resulted in a significant reduction in the SF proportions of n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), more pronouncedly in OA than in RA. OA was also characterized with reduced percentages of 22:6n-3 and lower product/precursor ratios of n-3 PUFA. The proportions of total monounsaturated FA increased in both RA and OA SF. Regarding IFP, RA patients had lower proportions of 20:4n-6, total n-6 PUFA, and 22:6n-3, as well as lower product/precursor ratios of n-3 PUFA compared to OA patients. The average chain length of SF FA decreased in both diagnoses and the double bond index in OA. Conclusions The observed complex alterations in the FA signatures could have both contributed to but also limited the inflammatory processes and cartilage destruction in the RA and OA knees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital (OYS), P.O. Box 21, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Huhtakangas
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Rheumatology Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital (OYS), P.O. Box 21, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Turunen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital (OYS), P.O. Box 21, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Joukainen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital (KYS), P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Kääriäinen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital (KYS), P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Paakkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital (KYS), P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
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16
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Mustonen AM, Käkelä R, Finnilä MAJ, Sawatsky A, Korhonen RK, Saarakkala S, Herzog W, Paakkonen T, Nieminen P. Anterior cruciate ligament transection alters the n-3/n-6 fatty acid balance in the lapine infrapatellar fat pad. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:67. [PMID: 30885225 PMCID: PMC6421636 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) of the knee joint has received lots of attention recently due to its emerging role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), where it displays an inflammatory phenotype. The aim of the present study was to examine the infrapatellar fatty acid (FA) composition in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) model of early OA created by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Methods OA was induced randomly in the left or right knee joint of skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits by ACLT, while the contralateral knee was left intact. A separate group of unoperated rabbits served as controls. The IFP of the ACLT, contralateral, and control knees were harvested following euthanasia 2 or 8 weeks post-ACLT and their FA composition was determined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results The n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) ratio shifted in a pro-inflammatory direction after ACLT, already observed 2 weeks after the operation (0.20 ± 0.008 vs. 0.18 ± 0.009). At 8 weeks, the FA profile of the ACLT group was characterized with increased percentages of 20:4n-6 (0.44 ± 0.064 vs. 0.98 ± 0.339 mol-%) and 22:6n-3 (0.03 ± 0.014 vs. 0.07 ± 0.015 mol-%) and with decreased monounsaturated FA (MUFA) sums (37.19 ± 1.586 vs. 33.20 ± 1.068 mol-%) and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios (0.20 ± 0.008 vs. 0.17 ± 0.008). The FA signature of the contralateral knees resembled that of the unoperated controls in most aspects, but had increased proportions of total n-3 PUFA and reduced MUFA sums. Conclusions These findings provide novel information on the effects of early OA on the infrapatellar FA profile in the rabbit ACLT model. The reduction in the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of the IFP is in concordance with the inflammation and cartilage degradation in early OA and could contribute to disease pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1008-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrew Sawatsky
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tommi Paakkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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17
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Valdes AM, Ravipati S, Pousinis P, Menni C, Mangino M, Abhishek A, Chapman V, Barrett DA, Doherty M. Omega-6 oxylipins generated by soluble epoxide hydrolase are associated with knee osteoarthritis. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1763-1770. [PMID: 29986999 PMCID: PMC6121933 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p085118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-6 FAs are inflammatory mediators that are increased in joints with osteoarthritis (OA), but their association with OA progression is not yet well defined. To investigate the relationship between omega-6 FAs and knee OA, we measured with LC-MS the levels of 22 omega-6 lipids (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and 20 oxylipins) in synovial fluid (SF) from 112 knees of 102 individuals (58 with knee OA; 44 controls). We hypothesized that oxylipin metabolites would increase in OA knee SF and with radiographically progressive disease. We validated results by comparing samples from affected and unaffected knees in 10 individuals with unilateral OA. In adjusted analysis, SF levels of three omega-6 oxylipins [prostaglandin D2, 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET), and 14,15-DHET] were associated with OA. Of these, 11,12-DHET and 14,15-DHET were higher in affected versus unaffected knees of people with unilateral disease (P < 0.014 and P < 0.003, respectively). Levels of these and 8,9-DHET were also associated with radiographic progression over 3.3 years in 87 individuals. Circulating levels of all three were associated with gene variants at the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme. Lipidomic profiling in SF identified an additional inflammatory pathway associated with knee OA and radiographic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Pain, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Srinivasarao Ravipati
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Petros Pousinis
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Abhishek
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Chapman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Pain, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Doherty
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence for Pain, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Steidle-Kloc E, Dannhauer T, Wirth W, Eckstein F. Responsiveness of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Volume Change to Body Weight Loss or Gain: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Cells Tissues Organs 2018; 205:53-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000485833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a potent risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) that is driven by mechanical and potentially endocrine mechanisms, and it affects women more frequently than men. The infrapatellar fat pat (IPFP) represents a potential link between obesity, intra-articular inflammation and structural pathology. Here we investigate whether the IPFP is responsive to body weight loss/gain in women and how its responsiveness to weight change compares to that of subcutaneous fat (SCF) of the thigh. All female participants of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with ≥10% weight loss/gain between baseline and a 2-year follow-up were included. Within-subject changes in IPFP volume and SCF cross-sectional areas (CSA) were determined from 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Linear regression was used to assess the association between change in weight, IPFP volume, and SCF CSA. In the 38 participants with ≥10% weight loss over 2 years (age 59.3 ± 9.1 years, mean loss = 15.9%), there was a significant reduction in IPFP volume (-2.2%, p = 0.02) as well as in SCF CSA (-22%, p < 0.001). In the 34 participants with ≥10% gain (age 61.5 ± 8.7 years, mean gain = 15.9%), there was a significant increase in SCF CSA (+26%, p < 0.001) but not in IPFP volume (0.2%, p = 0.87). Weight change was significantly associated with SCF CSA change (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) but not with IPFP volume change (r = 0.11, p = 0.37). In this first longitudinal, observational study investigating the responsiveness of IPFP and SCF to weight change, IPFP morphology was found responsive to weight loss but not to weight gain. Overall, the responsiveness of the IPFP was substantially less than that of the SCF.
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19
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The effects of different frequency treadmill exercise on lipoxin A4 and articular cartilage degeneration in an experimental model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179162. [PMID: 28594958 PMCID: PMC5464632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effects of different frequencies treadmill exercise with total exercise time being constancy on articular cartilage, lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and the NF-κB pathway in rat model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): controls (CG), knee OA model (OAG), OA + treadmill exercise once daily (OAE1), OA + treadmill exercise twice daily, rest interval between exercise>4h (OAE2) and OA + treadmill exercise three times daily, rest interval between exercise>4h (OAE3). Rats were evaluated after completing the treadmill exercise program (speed, 18 m/min; total exercise time 60 min/day; 5 days/week for 8 weeks). Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and LXA4 in serum and intra-articular lavage fluid were measured by ELISA. Changes in articular cartilage were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time-PCR. LXA4 in the serum and intra-articular lavage fluid increased in all OAE groups, and histological evaluation indicated that the OAE3 group had the best treatment response. The expression of COL2A1 and IκB-β in articular cartilage increased in all OAE groups vs the OAG group, whereas expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and NF-κB p65 was reduced in all OAE groups compared with the OAG. Under the condition of 60 min treadmill exercise with moderate-intensity, to fulfill in three times would have better chondroprotective effects than to fulfill in two or one time on monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA in rats. And it may be worked through the anti-inflammatory activity of LXA4 and the NF-κB pathway.
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Han W, Aitken D, Zhu Z, Halliday A, Wang X, Antony B, Cicuttini F, Jones G, Ding C. Hypointense signals in the infrapatellar fat pad assessed by magnetic resonance imaging are associated with knee symptoms and structure in older adults: a cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:234. [PMID: 27729069 PMCID: PMC5059934 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are few clinical and epidemiological studies reporting the association between abnormal changes within the IPFP and knee osteoarthritic changes. This study aims to describe the associations between hypointense signals in the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and knee structural change and symptoms in older adults. Methods Participants (n = 874) were selected randomly from local community and followed up 2.7 years later (range 2.6–3.3 years). T1- or T2-weighted fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was assessed for IPFP hypointense signal, cartilage volume, cartilage defects, and bone marrow lesions (BMLs). Knee pain was assessed by self-administered Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Radiographic osteoarthritis was assessed using the OARSI atlas. Results Cross-sectionally, hypointense signals in the IPFP were significantly associated with a higher risk of knee cartilage defects at all sites, tibiofemoral BMLs and knee pain in multivariable analyses. Longitudinally, baseline signal abnormalities were significantly and positively associated with increases in knee cartilage defects (OR: 2.27, 95 % CI: 1.61–3.21), BMLs (OR: 1.91, 95 % CI: 1.39–2.62), and knee pain (OR: 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.76) in multivariable analyses. The associations with cartilage defects remained significant after adjustment for BMLs, but the associations with BMLs and knee pain decreased in magnitude or became non-significant after further adjustment for cartilage defects. Conclusions Hypointense signals in the IPFP were associated primarily with increased knee cartilage defects and also with BMLs and knee symptoms in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, suggesting the abnormality represented by this signal has a potentially important role in osteoarthritis progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1130-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Han
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.,Arthritis Research Institute, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Andrew Halliday
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Xia Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Benny Antony
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia. .,Arthritis Research Institute, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Steidle-Kloc E, Wirth W, Ruhdorfer A, Dannhauer T, Eckstein F. Intra- and inter-observer reliability of quantitative analysis of the infra-patellar fat pad and comparison between fat- and non-fat-suppressed imaging--Data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Ann Anat 2015; 204:29-35. [PMID: 26569532 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The infra-patellar fat pad (IPFP), as intra-articular adipose tissue represents a potential source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and its size has been suggested to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. This study examines inter- and intra-observer reliability of fat-suppressed (fs) and non-fat-suppressed (nfs) MR imaging for determination of IPFP morphological measurements as novel biomarkers. The IPFP of nine right knees of healthy Osteoarthritis Initiative participants was segmented by five readers, using fs and nfs baseline sagittal MRIs. The intra-observer reliability was determined from baseline and 1-year follow-up images. All segmentations were quality controlled (QC) by an expert reader. Reliability was expressed as root mean square coefficient of variation (RMS CV%). After QC, the inter-observer reliability for fs (nfs) imaging was 2.0% (1.1%) for IPFP volume, 2.1%/2.5% (1.6%/1.8%) for anterior/posterior surface areas, 1.8% (1.8%) for depth, and 2.1% (2.4%) for maximum sagittal area. The intra-observer reliability was 3.1% (5.0%) for volume, 2.3%/2.8% (2.5%/2.9%) for anterior/posterior surfaces, 1.9% (3.5%) for depth, and 3.3% (4.5%) for maximum sagittal area. IPFP volume from nfs images was systematically greater (+7.3%) than from fs images, but highly correlated (r=0.98). The results suggest that quantitative measurements of IPFP morphology can be performed with satisfactory reliability when expert QC is implemented. The IPFP is more clearly depicted in nfs images, and there is a small systematic off-set versus analysis from fs images. However, the high linear relationship between fs and nfs imaging suggests that fs images can be used to analyze IPFP morphology, when nfs images are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Steidle-Kloc
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg & Nuremberg, Institute of Anatomy, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - W Wirth
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg & Nuremberg, Institute of Anatomy, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Ruhdorfer
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg & Nuremberg, Institute of Anatomy, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - T Dannhauer
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg & Nuremberg, Institute of Anatomy, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Eckstein
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg & Nuremberg, Institute of Anatomy, Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Fu Y, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Griffin TM. Effect of Aging on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in the Knee Joints of F344BN Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1131-40. [PMID: 26450946 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) secretes inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritic knees, but the effect of aging on IFP inflammation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that aging increases basal and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated IFP inflammation in 10-, 20-, and 30-month-old male F344BN F1-hybrid rats. IFPs were cultured ex vivo for 24 hours and treated ±1ng/mL IL-1β to simulate injury-induced inflammation. IFP inflammation was evaluated by measuring secreted cytokine concentrations and by quantitative expression of immunoregulatory and pro- and anti-adipogenic genes. With age, osteoarthritis pathology increased and IFP mass decreased. Although adipocyte size did not change with age, variation in adipocyte size was positively associated with synovial thickness independent of age whereas associations with cartilage damage were age dependent. In the absence of IL-1β, aging was associated with a significant increase in IFP secretion of tumor necrosis factor α by 67% and IL-13 by 35% and a reduction in the expression of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage genes. However, following an IL-1β challenge, adipogenesis markers decreased and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased independent of age. The lone exception was leptin, which decreased >70% with age. Thus, although aging promotes osteoarthritis risk by increasing basal inflammation, our findings also revealed a potentially protective effect of aging by decreasing IL-1β-stimulated leptin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
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Ioan-Facsinay A, Kloppenburg M. An emerging player in knee osteoarthritis: the infrapatellar fat pad. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:225. [PMID: 24367915 PMCID: PMC3979009 DOI: 10.1186/ar4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the development, progression, and clinical features of osteoarthritis has become an area of intense research in recent years. This led to the recognition of synovitis as an important source of inflammation in the joint and indicated that synovitis is intimately associated with pain and osteoarthritis progression. In this review, we discuss another emerging source of inflammation that could play a role in disease development/progression: the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive view of the pathology of IFP as obtained from magnetic resonance studies, along with its characterization at both the cellular and the molecular level. Furthermore, we discuss the possible function of this organ in the pathological processes in the knee by summarizing the knowledge regarding the interactions between IFP and other joint tissues and discussing the pro- versus anti-inflammatory functions this tissue could have. We hope that this review will offer an overview of all published data regarding the IFP and will indicate novel directions for future research.
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