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Nessa S, Lavanya S, Routray RK, Chaurasiya A, Kulkarni OP, Begum AS. Anti-rheumatoid arthritis potential of Halodule pinifolia: development, characterization and in vivo evaluation of H. pinifolia-based oral suspension and lipid nano-emulsion. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1203-1223. [PMID: 38451395 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
For treating chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, herbal medicines are preferred due to their evident therapeutic effects and lesser side effects as compared to the long-term used conventional drugs. In this study, the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of an unexplored marine grass Halodule pinifolia (HP), and a combination of it with Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice; LQ), prepared as a conventional suspension (C1) and a lipid nano-emulsion (C1-N) was evaluated in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)- and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. Formulations C1 and C1-N contained standardized extract HP (100 mg/kg) as major active ingredient and liquorice LQ (50 mg/kg) as both active ingredient (anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer) and sweetening agent. Oral administration of HP and C1 to FCA-induced Sprague-Dawley rats significantly reduced the paw oedema, spleen index, controlled the haematological parameters, cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α estimated by ELISA), mRNA expression of cytokines and osteoclast markers (RANK, TRAP and cathepsin K measured by RTPCR). Histopathology and radiological scanning demonstrated lesser joint deterioration in sample-treated rats, as evident phenotypically. The downregulation of CD51 and MMP-3 (western blot) corroborated the anti-arthritic effect of HP and C1. HP showed better results among all. Further, under the CIA model, both C1 and C1-N were found to be potentially active as evidenced by their effect on rat paw oedema, spleen index, haematological parameters, rheumatoid factor, cytokines, osteoclast markers, histology and X-rays. The results proved the anti-arthritic effect of HP and the formulations, particularly the lipid nano-emulsion that showed improved stability as well as activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samun Nessa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - S Lavanya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Rajesh K Routray
- Department of Periodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500087, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - A Sajeli Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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Abd-El-Azim H, Abbas H, El Sayed N, Mousa MR, Elbardisy HM, Zewail M. Hypericin emulsomes combined with hollow microneedles as a non-invasive photodynamic platform for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123876. [PMID: 38331331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint-destructive autoimmune disease that severely affects joint function. Despite the variability of treatment protocols, all of them are associated with severe side effects that compromise patient compliance. The main aim of the current study is to prepare localized effective RA treatment with reduced side effects by combining nanoencapsulation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hollow microneedles (Ho-MNs) to maximize the pharmacological effects of hypericin (HYP). To attain this, HYP-loaded emulsomes (EMLs) were prepared, characterized and administered through intradermal injection using AdminPen™ Ho-MNs combined with PDT in rats with an adjuvant-induced RA model. The prepared EMLs had a spherical shape and particle size was about 93.46 nm with an absolute entrapment efficiency. Moreover, confocal imaging indicated the interesting capability of Ho-MNs to deposit the HYP EMLs to a depth reaching 1560 µm into the subcutaneous tissue. In vivo, study results demonstrated that the group treated with HYP EMLs through Ho-MNs combined with PDT had no significant differences in joint diameter, TNF-α, IL1, HO-1, NRF2 and SD levels compared with the negative control group. Similarly, rats treated with the combination of HYP EMLs, Ho-MNs and PDT showed superior joint healing efficacy compared with the groups treated with HYP EMLs in dark, HYP ointment or HYP in microneedles in histopathological examination. These findings highlight the promising potential of photoactivated HYP EMLs when combined with Ho-MNs technology for RA management. The presented therapeutic EMLs-MNs platform could serve as a powerful game-changer in the development of future localized RA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abd-El-Azim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Haidy Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hadil M Elbardisy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mariam Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Vyawahare A, Ansari MM, Kumar A, Ahmad A, Mishra RK, Jori C, Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Raza SS, Khan R. Enzyme targeted delivery of sivelestat loaded nanomicelle inhibits arthritic severity in experimental arthritis. Life Sci 2023; 334:122206. [PMID: 37879159 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic inflammatory disorder mainly affects the lining of articular cartilage of synovial joints characterized by severe inflammation and joint damage. The expression of proteolytic enzymes like MMP-2 and Neutrophil Elastase (NE) worsens the RA condition. To address this concern, we have synthesized dual enzyme targeted chlorotoxin conjugated nanomicelles loaded with sivelestat as broad spectrum treatment for RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conjugation of the chlorotoxin over nanomicelle and incorporation of sivelestat in nanomicelle provide it dual targeting potential. The sivelestat loaded nanomicelle (SLM) evaluated for the drug release and in-vitro cytocompatibility. Further, investigated its in-vivo anti-arthritic potential on collagen-induced arthritis in wistar rats. KEY FINDINGS The microscopic observation of SLM showed spherical ball like appearance with size ranging from 190 to 230 nm. SLM showed good drug loading and encapsulation efficiency along with no cytotoxicity against healthy cell lines. In-vivo therapeutic assessment on collagen induced arthritis rat model showed potential chondroprotection. The microscopic visualization of articular cartilage by staining showed that it restores the cartilage integrity and lowers the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes showed by Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence. We observed that, it restrain the mediators of synovial inflammation by simultaneous inhibition of the proteolytic enzymes involved in swelling, cartilage destruction and joint damage which provides strong chondroprotection. SIGNIFICANCE We report that significant alleviation of inflammation and inhibition of proteolytic enzymes together might provide enhanced potential for the treatment and management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Vyawahare
- Department of Chemical Biology, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge city, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Md Meraj Ansari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemical Biology, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge city, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Biology, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge city, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Jori
- Department of Chemical Biology, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge city, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Chemical Biology, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge city, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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Abd-El-Azim H, Abbas H, El Sayed NS, Fayez AM, Zewail M. Non-invasive management of rheumatoid arthritis using hollow microneedles as a tool for transdermal delivery of teriflunomide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123334. [PMID: 37604364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Conventional RA treatments required prolonged therapy courses that have been accompanied with numerous side effects impairing the patient's quality of life. Therefore, microneedles combined with nanotechnology emerged as a promising alternative non-invasive, effective and self-administrating treatment option. Hence, the main aim of this study is to reduce the side effects associated with systemic teriflunomide administration through its encapsulation in solid lipid nanoparticles (TER-SLNs) and their administration through transdermal route using AdminPen™ hollow microneedles array in the affected joint area directly. In vitro characterization studies were conducted including particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. Also, ex vivo insertion properties of AdminPen™ hollow microneedles array was carried out. Besides, in vivo evaluation in rats with antigen induced arthritis model were also conducted by assessment of joint diameter, histopathological examination of the dissected joints and testing the levels of TNF-α, IL1B, IL7, MDA, MMP 3, and NRF2 at the end of the experiment. The selected TER-SLNs formulation was about 155.3 nm with negative surface charge and 96.45 % entrapment efficiency. TER-SLNs had a spherical shape and provided sustained release for nearly 96 h. In vivo results demonstrated that nanoencapsulation along with the use of hollow microneedles had a significant influence in improving TER anti-arthritic effects compared with TER suspension with no significant difference from the negative control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abd-El-Azim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy ,Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Haidy Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy ,Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Fayez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy ,Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Shan B, Zhou Y, Yin M, Deng Y, Ge C, Liu Z, Zhou R, Dong Q, Zhou X, Yin L. Macrophage Membrane-Reversibly Cloaked Nanotherapeutics for the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300667. [PMID: 37469217 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
During rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development, over-produced proinflammatory cytokines represented by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) represented by H2 O2 form a self-promoted cycle to exacerbate the synovial inflammation and tissue damage. Herein, biomimetic nanocomplexes (NCs) reversibly cloaked with macrophage membrane (RM) are developed for effective RA management via dual scavenging of TNF-α and ROS. To construct the NCs, membrane-penetrating, helical polypeptide first condenses TNF-α siRNA (siTNF-α) and forms the cationic inner core, which further adsorbs catalase (CAT) via electrostatic interaction followed by surface coating with RM. The membrane-coated NCs enable prolonged blood circulation and active joint accumulation after systemic administration in Zymosan A-induced arthritis mice. In the oxidative microenvironment of joints, CAT degrades H2 O2 to produce O2 bubbles, which shed off the outer membrane layer to expose the positively charged inner core, thus facilitating effective intracellular delivery into macrophages. siRNA-mediated TNF-α silencing and CAT-mediated H2 O2 scavenging then cooperate to inhibit inflammation and alleviate oxidative stress, remodeling the osteomicroenvironment and fostering tissue repair. This study provides an enlightened strategy to resolve the blood circulation/cell internalization dilemma of cell membrane-coated nanosystems, and it renders a promising modality for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Shan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengyuan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yekun Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Chenglong Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renxiang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qirong Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Lockhart JS, Sumagin R. Non-Canonical Functions of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Regulation, Tissue Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012250. [PMID: 36293108 PMCID: PMC9603794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the most abundantly expressed proteins in neutrophils. It serves as a critical component of the antimicrobial defense system, facilitating microbial killing via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that in addition to the well-recognized canonical antimicrobial function of MPO, it can directly or indirectly impact immune cells and tissue responses in homeostatic and disease states. Here, we highlight the emerging non-canonical functions of MPO, including its impact on neutrophil longevity, activation and trafficking in inflammation, its interactions with other immune cells, and how these interactions shape disease outcomes. We further discuss MPO interactions with barrier forming endothelial and epithelial cells, specialized cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and its involvement in cancer progression. Such diverse function and the MPO association with numerous inflammatory disorders make it an attractive target for therapies aimed at resolving inflammation and limiting inflammation-associated tissue damage. However, while considering MPO inhibition as a potential therapy, one must account for the diverse impact of MPO activity on various cellular compartments both in health and disease.
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Abbas H, Gad HA, El Sayed NS, Rashed LA, Khattab MA, Noor AO, Zewail M. Development and Evaluation of Novel Leflunomide SPION Bioemulsomes for the Intra-Articular Treatment of Arthritis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2005. [PMID: 36297441 PMCID: PMC9610779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatments for rheumatoid arthritis are associated with many side effects. This study aimed to minimize the side effects associated with the systemic administration of leflunomide (LEF) by formulating LEF-loaded emulsomes (EMLs) for intra-articular administration. Additionally, EMLs were loaded with supramagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) to enhance joint localization, where a magnet was placed on the joint area after intra-articular administration. Full in vitro characterization, including colloidal characteristics, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release were conducted besides the in vivo evaluation in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. In vivo study included joint diameter measurement, X-ray radiographic analysis, RT-PCR analysis, Western blotting, ELISA for inflammatory markers, and histopathological examination of dissected joints. The particle size and entrapment efficiency of the selected LEF SPION EMLs were 198.2 nm and 83.7%, respectively. The EMLs exhibited sustained release for 24 h. Moreover, in vivo evaluation revealed LEF SPION EMLs to be superior to the LEF suspension, likely due to the increase in LEF solubility by nanoencapsulation that improved the pharmacological effects and the use of SPION that ensured the localization of EMLs in the intra-articular cavity upon administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Heba A. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Khattab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmad O. Noor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Prediction of the Effects of Missense Mutations on Human Myeloperoxidase Protein Stability Using In Silico Saturation Mutagenesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081412. [PMID: 36011324 PMCID: PMC9407467 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase with microbicidal properties. MPO plays a role in the host's innate immunity by producing reactive oxygen species inside the cell against foreign organisms. However, there is little functional evidence linking missense mutations to human diseases. We utilized in silico saturation mutagenesis to generate and analyze the effects of 10,811 potential missense mutations on MPO stability. Our results showed that ~71% of the potential missense mutations destabilize MPO, and ~8% stabilize the MPO protein. We showed that G402W, G402Y, G361W, G402F, and G655Y would have the highest destabilizing effect on MPO. Meanwhile, D264L, G501M, D264H, D264M, and G501L have the highest stabilization effect on the MPO protein. Our computational tool prediction showed the destabilizing effects in 13 out of 14 MPO missense mutations that cause diseases in humans. We also analyzed putative post-translational modification (PTM) sites on the MPO protein and mapped the PTM sites to disease-associated missense mutations for further analysis. Our analysis showed that R327H associated with frontotemporal dementia and R548W causing generalized pustular psoriasis are near these PTM sites. Our results will aid further research into MPO as a biomarker for human complex diseases and a candidate for drug target discovery.
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Myeloperoxidase as a Marker to Differentiate Mouse Monocyte/Macrophage Subsets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158246. [PMID: 35897821 PMCID: PMC9330004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in every tissue in the body and play essential roles in homeostasis and host defense against microorganisms. Some tissue macrophages derive from the yolk sac/fetal liver that populate tissues for life. Other tissue macrophages derive from monocytes that differentiate in the bone marrow and circulate through tissues via the blood and lymphatics. Circulating monocytes are very plastic and differentiate into macrophages with specialized functions upon entering tissues. Specialized monocyte/macrophage subsets have been difficult to differentiate based on cell surface markers. Here, using a combination of "pan" monocyte/macrophage markers and flow cytometry, we asked whether myeloperoxidase (MPO) could be used as a marker of pro-inflammatory monocyte/macrophage subsets. MPO is of interest because of its potent microbicidal activity. In wild-type SPF housed mice, we found that MPO+ monocytes/macrophages were present in peripheral blood, spleen, small and large intestines, and mesenteric lymph nodes, but not the central nervous system. Only monocytes/macrophages that expressed cell surface F4/80 and/or Ly6C co-expressed MPO with the highest expression in F4/80HiLy6CHi subsets regardless of tissue. These cumulative data indicate that MPO expression can be used as an additional marker to differentiate between monocyte/macrophage subsets with pro-inflammatory and microbicidal activity in a variety of tissues.
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Allawadhi P, Khurana A, Sayed N, Godugu C, Vohora D. Ameliorative effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles against Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:383-404. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the mechanistic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) on Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Methods: CONPs were characterized and evaluated in vitro (RAW 264.7 macrophages) and in vivo (FCA-induced rheumatoid arthritis model). Results: In vitro treatment with CONPs significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress (as evident from dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining), diminished mitochondrial stress (as observed with tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide staining) and reduced superoxide radicals. In vivo, CONPs exhibited anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity, as evident from results of paw volume, x-ray, clinical scoring, levels of cytokines (IL-17, IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β1) and histology. Conclusion: We provide preclinical proof that CONPs may be a novel futuristic nanoparticle-based approach for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana State, India
| | - Nilofer Sayed
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana State, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana State, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Luo Y, Ren X, Weng S, Yan C, Mao Q, Peng D. Improvements in High-Density Lipoprotein Quantity and Quality Contribute to the Cardiovascular Benefits by Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:765749. [PMID: 34778416 PMCID: PMC8585789 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.765749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammation plays important role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the interaction between the inflammation and lipid profile is largely unrevealed in humans. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer from a higher risk of CVDs. Decreased total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were prevalent in patients with RA. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapies relieve disease activity and decrease CVDs risk in RA, but their comprehensive effects on the lipid profile are unclear. This study aims to investigate the changes in blood lipid profile along time in the patients with RA accepting anti-TNF therapies by meta-analysis. Methods: The MEDLINE, the Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for eligible literature. Data of lipids were classified into short-, mid-, and long-term according to treatment duration. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the lipid levels before and after treatments. Results: A total of 44 records and 3,935 patients were included in the meta-analyses. Anti-TNF therapies were associated with significant increase in TC [mean difference (MD): +0.14, +0.23, and +0.26 mmol/l, respectively] and HDL (MD): +0.11, +0.12, and +0.11 mmol/l, respectively) in the short-, mid-, and long-term; anti-TNF therapies were associated with increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD: +0.06 mmol/l) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) (MD: +0.07 g/l) in the short-term, but not in the mid-term and long-term; triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) do not change significantly in all the periods; proatherosclerotic indexes (TC/HDL, ApoB/ApoA1, and LDL/HDL) tend to decrease in the short- and mid-term, but return to baseline in the long-term after TNF inhibition. Conclusion: Anti-TNF therapies were related to a long-term raised HDL level, which, together with evidence of improved HDL function, may contribute partially to the decreased CVDs risk by TNF inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwei Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhui Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoxia Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Novel CBG Derivatives Can Reduce Inflammation, Pain and Obesity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185601. [PMID: 34577072 PMCID: PMC8467477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in CBG (cannabigerol) has been growing in the past few years, due to its anti-inflammatory properties and other therapeutic benefits. Here we report the synthesis of three new CBG derivatives (HUM-223, HUM-233 and HUM-234) and show them to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In addition, unlike CBG, HUM-234 also prevents obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The metabolic state of the treated mice on HFD is significantly better than that of vehicle-treated mice, and their liver slices show significantly less steatosis than untreated HFD or CBG-treated ones from HFD mice. We believe that HUM-223, HUM-233 and HUM-234 have the potential for development as novel drug candidates for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and in the case of HUM-234, potentially for obesity where there is a huge unmet need.
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13
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Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Ameliorates Plaque Psoriasis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091338. [PMID: 34572970 PMCID: PMC8472607 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque psoriasis is a common inflammatory condition of the skin characterized by red, flaking lesions. Current therapies for plaque psoriasis target many facets of the autoimmune response, but there is an incomplete understanding of how oxidative damage produced by enzymes such as myeloperoxidase contributes to skin pathology. In this study, we used the Aldara (Imiquimod) cream model of plaque psoriasis in mice to assess myeloperoxidase inhibition for treating psoriatic skin lesions. To assess skin inflammation severity, an innovative mouse psoriasis scoring system was developed. We found that myeloperoxidase inhibition ameliorated psoriasis severity when administered either systemically or topically. The findings of this study support the role of oxidative damage in plaque psoriasis pathology and present potential new therapeutic avenues for further exploration.
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14
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Qin X, He L, Fan D, Liang W, Wang Q, Fang J. Targeting the resolution pathway of inflammation using Ac2-26 peptide-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles for the remission of rheumatoid arthritis. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:483-493. [PMID: 34703497 PMCID: PMC8520054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and immune dysfunction. Although various therapeutic approaches have been utilized for the treatment of RA in clinical applications, the low responsiveness of RA patients and undesired systemic toxicity are still unresolved problems. Targeting the resolution pathway of inflammation with pro-resolving mediators would evoke the protective actions of patient for combating the inflammation. Ac2-26, a 25-amino acid peptide derived from Annexin A (a pro-resolving mediator), has shown good efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, the low bioavailability of Ac2-26 peptides hinders their efficacy in vivo. In this paper, we formed PEGylated lipid nanoparticles (LDNPs) by the co-assembly of l-ascorbyl palmitate (L-AP) and N-(carbonyl methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn‑glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE-PEG2k) to encapsulate and deliver Ac2-26 peptides to the arthritic rats. They showed good stability and biocompatibility. After being intravenously administrated, Ac2-26 peptide-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles (ADNPs) showed the prolonged in vivo circulation time and enhanced accumulation in inflamed sites. In vivo therapeutic evaluations revealed that ADNPs could attenuate synovial inflammation and improve joint pathology. Therefore, the pro-resolving therapeutic strategy using ADNPs is effective in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Liming He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Donghao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wenlang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiyu Fang
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Florida 32816, United State
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15
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Lal R, Dhaliwal J, Dhaliwal N, Dharavath RN, Chopra K. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by dimethyl fumarate ameliorates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174044. [PMID: 33745959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target in treating various diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the protective role of the Nrf2 activator, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)- induced arthritis model. DMF (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) were orally administered for 14 days. Pain-related tests, paw volume, and arthritic scores were measured weekly. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels were estimated. Nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were also evaluated. NF-κB, Nrf2, HO-1, and COX-2 levels were estimated in the joint tissue. DMF treatment exerted anti-arthritic activity by enhancing the nociceptive threshold, improving arthritis scores, and reducing paw edema. Also, DMF suppressed changes in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory mediators and enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 levels in CFA-injected rats. These findings indicate that the anti-arthritic activity of DMF may be mediated by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which reduced oxidative damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Lal
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jatinder Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Navneet Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Naik Dharavath
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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16
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Abbas H, El-Deeb NM, Zewail M. PLA-coated Imwitor ® 900 K-based herbal colloidal carriers as novel candidates for the intra-articular treatment of arthritis. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:682-692. [PMID: 33952085 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1920617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although there are several treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), outcomes are unsatisfactory and often associated with many side effects. We attempted to improve RA therapeutic outcomes by intra-articular administration of dual drug-loaded poly(lactic) acid (PLA)-coated herbal colloidal carriers (HCCs). Curcumin (CU) and resveratrol (RES) were loaded into HCCs because of their safety and significant anti-inflammatory activity. HCCs were prepared using a high-pressure, hot homogenization technique and evaluated in vitro and in vivo using a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) evaluated coating selected formulations with PLA, which increased particle sizes from 52 to 89.14 nm. The entrapment efficiency of both formulations was approximately 76%. HCCs significantly increased the amount of RES and CU released compared with the drug suspensions alone. The in vivo treated groups showed a significant improvement in joint healing. PLA-coated HCCs, followed by uncoated HCCs, yielded the highest reductions in knee diameter, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) levels. Histological examination of the dissected joints revealed that PLA-coated HCCs followed by uncoated HCCs exhibited the most significant joint healing effects. Our results demonstrate the superiority of intra-articularly administered HCCs to suppress RA progression compared with RES or CU suspensions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy Abbas
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Mariam Zewail
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
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17
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Matos IDA, da Costa Júnior NB, Meotti FC. Integration of an Inhibitor-like Rule and Structure-based Virtual Screening for the Discovery of Novel Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:6408-6418. [PMID: 33270445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an attractive therapeutic target against inflammation. Herein, we developed an inhibitor-like rule, based on known MPO inhibitors, and generated a target database containing 6546 molecules with privileged inhibitory properties. Using a structure-based approach validated by decoys, robust statistical metrics, redocking, and cross-docking, we selected 10 putative MPO inhibitors with high chemical diversity. At 20 μM, six of these 10 compounds (i.e., 60% success rate) inhibited more than 20% of the chlorinating activity of the enzyme. Additionally, we found that compound ZINC9089086 forms hydrogen bonds with Arg233 and with the hemic carboxylate. It makes a π-stacking interaction with the heme group and displays a high affinity for the enzyme active site. When incubated with purified MPO, ZINC9089086 inhibited the chlorinating activity of the enzyme with an IC50 of 2.2 ± 0.1 μM in a reversible manner. Subsequent experiments revealed that ZINC9089086 inhibited hypochlorous acid production in dHL-60 cells and human neutrophils. Furthermore, the theoretical ADME/Tox profile indicated that this compound exhibits low toxicity risks and adequate pharmacokinetic parameters, thus making ZINC9089086 a very promising candidate for preclinical anti-inflammatory studies. Overall, our study shows that integrating an inhibitor-like rule with a validated structure-based methodology is an excellent approach for improving the success rate and molecular diversity of novel MPO inhibitors with good pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles. By combining these tools, it was possible to increase the assurance rate, which ultimately diminishes the costs and time needed for the acquisition, synthesis, and evaluation of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac de Araújo Matos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Carla Meotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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18
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Foers AD, Dagley LF, Chatfield S, Webb AI, Cheng L, Hill AF, Wicks IP, Pang KC. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles reveals an immunogenic cargo in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1185. [PMID: 33204424 PMCID: PMC7648259 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) have been reported to stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from recipient cells. We recently developed a size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based method for EV isolation capable of high-quality enrichments from human SF. Here, we employed this method to accurately characterise the SF EV proteome and investigate potential contributions to inflammatory pathways in RA. Methods Using our SEC-based approach, SF EVs were purified from the joints of RA patients classified as having high-level (n = 7) or low-level inflammation (n = 5), and from osteoarthritis (OA) patients (n = 5). Protein profiles were characterised by mass spectrometry. Potential contributions of EV proteins to pathological pathways and differences in protein expression between disease groups were investigated. Results Synovial fluid EVs were present at higher concentrations in RA joints with high-level inflammation (P-value = 0.004) but were smaller in diameter (P-value = 0.03) than in low-level inflammation. In total, 1058 SF EV proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Neutrophil and fibroblast markers were overrepresented in all disease groups. Numerous proteins with potential to modulate inflammatory and immunological processes were detected, including nine citrullinated peptides. Forty-five and 135 EV-associated proteins were significantly elevated in RA joints with high-level inflammation than in RA joints with low-level inflammation and OA joints, respectively. Gene ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment for proteins associated with 'neutrophil degranulation' within SF EVs from RA joints with high-level inflammation. Conclusion Our results provide new information about SF EVs and insight into how EVs might contribute to the perpetuation of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Foers
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Simon Chatfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Rheumatology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Rheumatology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Ken C Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Department of Adolescent Medicine Royal Children's Hospital. Parkville VIC Australia
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19
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Lanza M, Casili G, Torre GLL, Giuffrida D, Rotondo A, Esposito E, Ardizzone A, Rando R, Bartolomeo G, Albergamo A, Vadalà R, Salvo A. Properties of a New Food Supplement Containing Actinia equina Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100945. [PMID: 33019631 PMCID: PMC7600189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine species represent a great source of biologically active substances; Actinia equina (AE), an Anthozoa Cnidaria belonging to the Actinidiae family, have been proposed as original food and have already been included in several cooking recipes in local Mediterranean shores, and endowed with excellent nutraceutical potential. The aim of this study was to investigate some unexplored features of AE, through analytical screening and an in-vitro and in-vivo model. An in-vitro study, made on RAW 264.7 stimulated with H2O2, showed that the pre-treatment with AE exerted an antioxidant action, reducing lipid peroxidation and up-regulating antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the in-vivo study over murine model demonstrated that the administration of AE extracts is able to reduce the carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw edema. Furthermore, the histological damage due to the neutrophil infiltration is prevented, and this highlights precious anti-inflammatory features of the interesting food-stuff. Moreover, it was assessed that AE extract modulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) pathways. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that thanks to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, AE extract could be used as a new food supplement for inflammatory pathology prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanna Loredana La Torre
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (E.E.); Tel.: +39-090-6765496 (D.G.); +39-090-6765212 (E.E.)
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (E.E.); Tel.: +39-090-6765496 (D.G.); +39-090-6765212 (E.E.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology, University of Roma La Sapienza, via P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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20
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Azouz AA, Saleh E, Abo-Saif AA. Aliskiren, tadalafil, and cinnamaldehyde alleviate joint destruction biomarkers; MMP-3 and RANKL; in complete Freund's adjuvant arthritis model: Downregulation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1101-1111. [PMID: 32922141 PMCID: PMC7474170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, which is accompanied by progressive joint damage and disability. The intolerability of conventional antirheumatic drugs by some patients necessitates the search for effective antirheumatic agents having better tolerability. In the current work, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, and aliskiren as potential antirheumatic candidates and to explore their modulatory effects on joint destruction, inflammatory response, and intracellular signaling. Arthritis was induced in female Wistar rats by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 0.4 ml s.c. on days 1, 4, and 7. Treated groups received their respective drugs, starting from day 13, daily for 3 weeks. Methotrexate and prednisolone were the standard antirheumatic drugs, while cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, and aliskiren were the test agents. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, or aliskiren reduced serum levels of rheumatoid factor, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6), along with elevated level of IL-10 which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Besides, cartilage and bone destruction biomarkers; matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL); were significantly reduced after treatment with the test agents, which was further confirmed by histopathological investigation. The elevated protein expressions of phosphorylated-Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2), phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in articular tissue were markedly attenuated after treatment with cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, or aliskiren, while that of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was greatly enhanced. In addition, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers such as malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and myeloperoxidase were reduced in joint tissue after treatment with the test agents, while glutathione content was elevated. Furthermore, the renin inhibitor aliskiren produced effects close to those of the normal and methotrexate, the gold standard antirheumatic drug, in most of the measured parameters. Collectively, these findings led to the assumption that the downregulation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling by cinnamaldehyde, tadalafil, and aliskiren could alleviate joint destruction by MMP-3 and RANKL, reduce iNOS, and enhance eNOS expressions. Moreover, aliskiren could be a promising therapeutic agent for RA, because of its ability to normalize most of the measured parameters after CFA-induced arthritis.
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Key Words
- Aliskiren
- CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
- CFA-induced arthritis
- DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling
- JAK2, Janus kinase 2
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP-3
- MMP-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE, phosphodiesterase
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RANKL
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand
- RAS, renin angiotensin system
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Esraa Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.,Operations Pharmacy, General Fayoum Hospital, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ali A Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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21
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The Role of Thiocyanate in Modulating Myeloperoxidase Activity during Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176450. [PMID: 32899436 PMCID: PMC7503669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN−) is a pseudohalide anion omnipresent across mammals and is particularly concentrated in secretions within the oral cavity, digestive tract and airway. Thiocyanate can outcompete chlorine anions and other halides (F−, Br−, I−) as substrates for myeloperoxidase by undergoing two-electron oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. This forms their respective hypohalous acids (HOX where X− = halides) and in the case of thiocyanate, hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), which is also a bactericidal oxidative species involved in the regulation of commensal and pathogenic microflora. Disease may dysregulate redox processes and cause imbalances in the oxidative profile, where typically favoured oxidative species, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), result in an overabundance of chlorinated protein residues. As such, the pharmacological capacity of thiocyanate has been recently investigated for its ability to modulate myeloperoxidase activity for HOSCN, a less potent species relative to HOCl, although outcomes vary significantly across different disease models. To date, most studies have focused on therapeutic effects in respiratory and cardiovascular animal models. However, we note other conditions such as rheumatic arthritis where SCN− administration may worsen patient outcomes. Here, we discuss the pathophysiological role of SCN− in diseases where MPO is implicated.
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22
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Liu L, Wei P, Yuan W, Liu Z, Xue F, Zhang X, Yi T. Detecting Basal Myeloperoxidase Activity in Living Systems with a Near-Infrared Emissive "Turn-On" Probe. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10971-10978. [PMID: 32674562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Detecting myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in living organisms is important because MPO contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, artherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, and some cancers. However, rapid and effective methods for the detection of basal MPO activity in living systems have not yet been reported. Herein, we report a near-infrared (NIR) emissive "turn-on" probe FD-301 that can specifically bind to MPO and accurately measure MPO activity in living cells and in vivo via a rapid response to initial hypochlorous acid (HOCl), produced by MPO. Notably, FD-301 could detect the basal level of MPO activity in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) and could discriminate between MPO high-expression and low-expression cells. Furthermore, FD-301 was successfully applied to in vivo imaging of MPO in MPO-dependent diseases, such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhongkuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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23
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Iwata M, Inoue T, Asai Y, Hori K, Fujiwara M, Matsuo S, Tsuchida W, Suzuki S. The protective role of localized nitric oxide production during inflammation may be mediated by the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide pathway. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100790. [PMID: 32760814 PMCID: PMC7390790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important part of the host defense mechanism; however, it displays both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on its location and concentration. Importantly, excessive or inappropriate NO production can cause tissue damage. Systemic and local administration of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors ameliorates and may exacerbate the inflammatory response, respectively. Here, we used a carrageenan-induced pleurisy model of acute inflammation in rats to confirm the location-dependent effects of NO and investigate the underlying mechanisms. As expected, localized suppression of NO production exacerbated inflammation, as evidenced by increased pleural exudate volumes and leukocyte counts and enhanced activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress. In contrast, local NO supplementation reduced leukocyte infiltration, vascular permeability, and the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes. Interestingly, inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of localized NO production, while the addition of hemin (HO-1 substrate) or carbon monoxide (CO; HO-1 metabolite) decreased leukocyte migration and exudation. Together, these findings confirm a protective role for NO at the inflammatory site, which appears to be mediated via NOS induction of the HO-1/CO pathway. Thus, NO supplementation may be a potential new treatment for oxidative stress-associated inflammatory diseases. Systemic NOS inhibition ameliorated inflammation in a rat Cg-induced pleurisy model. Conversely, localized NOS inhibition increased all examined markers of inflammation. HO-1, hemin, and CO enhanced the localized anti-inflammatory effects of NO. NOC-18, l-arginine, hemin, and CORM-3 decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines. The localized anti-inflammatory effect of NO may be mediated via the HO-1/CO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iwata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, 26-2 Higashihaemi-cho, Handa, Aichi, 475-0012, Japan.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yuji Asai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, 26-2 Higashihaemi-cho, Handa, Aichi, 475-0012, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.,Kamiiida Rehabilitation Hospital, 3-57 Kamiiida Kita-machi, Kita-ku, Nagoya, 462-0802, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsuo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, 26-2 Higashihaemi-cho, Handa, Aichi, 475-0012, Japan
| | - Wakako Tsuchida
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
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24
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Abraitytė S, Kotsi E, Devlin LA, Edgar JDM. Unexpected combination: DiGeorge syndrome and myeloperoxidase deficiency. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:e232741. [PMID: 32107256 PMCID: PMC7046411 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and a known diagnosis of partial DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome. The nature and severity of his infections were more than normally expected in partial DiGeorge syndrome with normal T-cell counts and T-cell proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin. This prompted further investigation of the immune system. An abnormal neutrophil respiratory oxidative burst, but normal protein expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system, led to the identification of myeloperoxidase deficiency. DiGeorge syndrome has a heterogeneous clinical phenotype and may not be an isolated diagnosis. It raises awareness of the possibility of two rare diseases occurring in a single patient and emphasises that even when a rare diagnosis is confirmed, if the clinical features remain atypical or unresponsive, then further investigation for additional cofactors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Anne Devlin
- Regional Immunology Service, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
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25
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Zhang L, Yuan Y, Xu Q, Jiang Z, Chu CQ. Contribution of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. J Biomed Res 2020; 34:86-93. [PMID: 32305962 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are major innate immune effector cells for host defense and have been a topic of active research for their participation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to recently discovered neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. NET formation and other mechanisms leading to the release of neutrophil nuclear and cytoplasmic contents are implicated as a source of citrullinated antigens in RA. Further investigations are required to delineate what factors diverge neutrophils from host defense to autoimmune response in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Zhang
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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26
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Dual neutralization of TNFR-2 and MMP-2 regulates the severity of S. aureus induced septic arthritis correlating alteration in the level of interferon gamma and interleukin-10 in terms of TNFR2 blocking. Immunol Res 2019; 66:97-119. [PMID: 29218573 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severity of S. aureus septic arthritis is correlated to prolonged inflammation by inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 even after successful elimination of bacteria. Role of TNF-α via TNFR2 is not well established in this aspect. IFN-γ induces TNF-α release from the macrophages augmenting the inflammatory arthritis. IL-10 modulates the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting resolution of inflammation. TNF-α-TNFR2 signaling upregulates both of these cytokines. Higher level of MMP-2 induction by inflammatory cytokines during arthritis promotes tissue destruction. Whether dual neutralization of TNFR-2 and MMP-2 regulates the severity of S. aureus arthritis by modulating local and systemic cytokine milieu mainly due to TNFR-2 blocking was an obvious question. Here, we attempted the effects of neutralization of MMP-2 and TNFR2 on S. aureus arthritis and its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokines and some other parameters related to tissue destruction. Reduction in arthritis index was noticed in infected mice treated with both MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR2 antibody. Lowest levels of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, RANKL, NF-κb, JNK kinase, ROS, and MPO, and lysozyme activity were observed in combined neutralization group at 9 and 15 dpi, but at 3 dpi, most of the above parameters remained elevated due to TNFR2 neutralization. Diminished IL-10 and IFN-γ levels as a result of TNFR2 neutralization at early and later phase of infection respectively might be responsible for these contrasting effects. Overall, it can be suggested that administration of MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR2 antibody in combination is protective against the inflammation and tissue destruction associated with S. aureus infection during the arthritic episode.
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27
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A Novel Tetrasubstituted Imidazole as a Prototype for the Development of Anti-inflammatory Drugs. Inflammation 2018; 41:1334-1348. [PMID: 29656318 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although inflammation is a biological phenomenon that exists to protect the host against infections and/or related problems, its unceasing activation results in the aggravation of several medical conditions. Imidazoles, whether natural or synthetic, are molecules related to a broad spectrum of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we screened eight novel small molecules of the imidazole class synthesized by our research group for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The effect of the selected molecules was confirmed in an in vivo inflammatory model. We also analyzed whether the effects were caused by inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor transmigration. Of the eight imidazoles tested, methyl 1-allyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-acetate (8) inhibited nitric oxide metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) secretion in J774 macrophages stimulated with LPS. It also attenuated leukocyte migration and exudate formation in the pleural cavity of mice challenged with carrageenan. Furthermore, imidazole 8 reverted the oxidative stress pattern triggered by carrageenan in the pleural cavity by diminishing myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities and reducing the production of nitric oxide metabolites and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Finally, these effects can be attributed, at least in part, to the ability of this compound to prevent NF-κB transmigration. In this context, our results demonstrate that imidazole 8 has promising potential as a prototype for the development of a new anti-inflammatory drug to treat inflammatory conditions in which NF-κB and oxidative stress play a prominent role. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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28
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Cecchi I, Arias de la Rosa I, Menegatti E, Roccatello D, Collantes-Estevez E, Lopez-Pedrera C, Barbarroja N. Neutrophils: Novel key players in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Current and future therapeutic targets. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1138-1149. [PMID: 30217550 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease in which various cell types are involved. Among them, neutrophils have been recognized as important players in the onset and the progression of RA. The pathogenic role of neutrophils in RA lies in the alteration of several processes, including increased cell survival and migratory capacity, abnormal inflammatory activity, elevated oxidative stress and an exacerbated release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Through these mechanisms, neutrophils can activate other immune cells, thus perpetuating inflammation and leading to the destruction of the cartilage and bone of the affected joint. Given the considerable contribution of neutrophils to the pathophysiology of RA, several studies have attempted to clarify the effects of various therapeutic agents on this subtype of leukocyte. To date, recent studies have envisaged the role of new molecules on the pathogenic profile of neutrophils in RA, which could represent novel targets in future therapies. In this review, we aim to review the pathogenic role of neutrophils in RA, the effect of conventional treatments and biologic therapies, and the new, potential targets of neutrophil-derived molecules for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cecchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivan Arias de la Rosa
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases - Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - Eduardo Collantes-Estevez
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Chary Lopez-Pedrera
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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29
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Guo S, Jiang K, Wu H, Yang C, Yang Y, Yang J, Zhao G, Deng G. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:982. [PMID: 30214410 PMCID: PMC6125611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) which is featured by a strong pulmonary inflammation, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Magnoflorine, a quaternary alkaloid isolated from Chinese herb Magnolia or Aristolochia, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of magnoflorine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice has not been reported. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of magnoflorine on LPS-induced ALI and elucidate its possible molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 cells. The results of histopathological changes as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity indicated that magnoflorine significantly alleviated the lung injury induced by LPS. In addition, qPCR results showed that magnoflorine dose-dependently decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Immunofluorescence assay also confirmed that the level of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by LPS was inhibited by magnoflorine treatment. Further experiments were performed using Western blotting to detect the expression of related proteins in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results showed that magnoflorine suppressed the levels of phosphorylated p65, IκBα, p38, ERK, and JNK. In conclusion, all data indicate that magnoflorine could protect against LPS-induced inflammation in ALI at least partially by inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Formyl peptide receptor activation inhibits the expansion of effector T cells and synovial fibroblasts and attenuates joint injury in models of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:140-149. [PMID: 29879657 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) on effector T cells and inflammation-causing tissue-resident cells are not well known. Here, we explored the effect of FPR activation on efferent T cell responses in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and on the expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Compound 43 (Cpd43; FPR1/2 agonist) was administered to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) or antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) after disease onset. Joint inflammation/damage and immunity were assessed. FLS were cultured with Cpd43 to test its effects on cell apoptosis and proliferation. To explore the effects of endogenous FPR2 ligands on FLS proliferation, FLS FPR2 was blocked or Annexin A1 (AnxA1) expression silenced. Cpd43 reduced arthritis severity in both models. In CIA, Cpd43 decreased CD4 T cell proliferation and survival and increased the production of the protective cytokine, IFNγ, in lymph nodes. In AIA, Cpd43 increased CD4 apoptosis and production of the anti-inflammatory IL-4, while augmenting the proportion of splenic regulatory T cells and their expression of IL-2Rα. In both models, Cpd43 increased CD4 IL-17A production, without affecting humoral immunity. FPR2 inhibitors reversed Cpd43-mediated effects on AIA and T cell immunity. Cpd43 decreased TNF-induced FLS proliferation and augmented FLS apoptosis in association with intracellular FPR2 accumulation, while endogenous AnxA1 and FPR2 reduced FLS proliferation via the ERK and NFκB pathways. Overall, FPR activation inhibits the expansion of arthritogenic effector CD4 T cells and FLS, and reduces joint injury in experimental arthritis. This suggests the therapeutic potential of FPR ligation for the treatment of RA.
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31
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Vanhamme L, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Van Antwerpen P, Delporte C. The other myeloperoxidase: Emerging functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 649:1-14. [PMID: 29614255 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the mammalian peroxidase family. It is mainly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. As a catalyzer of reactive oxidative species and radical species formation, it contributes to neutrophil bactericidal activity. Nevertheless MPO invalidation does not seem to have major health consequences in affected individuals. This suggests that MPO might have alternative functions supporting its conservation during evolution. We will review the available data supporting these non-canonical functions in terms of tissue specific expression, function and enzymatic activity. Thus, we discuss its cell type specific expression. We review in between others its roles in angiogenesis, endothelial (dys-) function, immune reaction, and inflammation. We summarize its pathological actions in clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium.
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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32
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Sultana S, Bishayi B. Neutralization of TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 modulates S. aureus induced septic arthritis by regulating the levels of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines during the progression of the disease. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:33-51. [PMID: 29339199 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal septic arthritis remains a serious medical concern due to rapid and sustained production of inflammatory cytokines that leads to progressive and irreversible joint destruction with high mortality rate in patients despite adequate antibiotics treatment. TNF-α signalling via TNFR-1 contributes to arthritic destruction by aggravating inflammation. Impact of TNFR-2 signalling is not well established in this aspect. Hence the objective of our study was to evaluate the role of dual neutralization TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection induced septic arthritis. Mice were infected with live S. aureus (5 × 106 cells/ml) followed by administration of TNFR-1and TNFR-2 neutralizing antibody. To measure arthritis index and osteoclastogenesis, histology result in joint tissue and TRAP staining images of arthritis joints have been performed respectively. Maximum reduction in the joint and paw swelling was observed in infected mice treated with both TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 antibody. NF-κB signalling was found to be mainly regulated by TNFR-1 whereas TNFR-2 significantly modulated JNK pathway. Lowest levels of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed in both serum and synovial tissues signifying maximum protection in S. aureus arthritis during combination treatment. However IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were significantly altered by TNFR-2 neutralization that indicates both pro and anti inflammatory role of TNFR-2 respectively. Highest decrement in ROS concentration, iNOS expression with least MPO and lysozyme activity was detected in case of combined neutralization. During the early phase of infection all the aforesaid inflammatory parameters remained elevated due to lack of IL-10 as a result of TNFR-2 neutralization as IL-10 negatively modulates pro inflammatory cytokines. Increase in inflammatory cytokines during early phase might also be responsible for decreased bacterial count in TNFR-2 neutralized groups. Thus it can be suggested that combined administration of TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 antibody has a beneficial effect against the severity of S. aureus induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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33
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Aratani Y. Myeloperoxidase: Its role for host defense, inflammation, and neutrophil function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 640:47-52. [PMID: 29336940 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase expressed mainly in neutrophils and to a lesser degree in monocytes. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and halides, MPO catalyzes the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The MPO/HOCl system plays an important role in microbial killing by neutrophils. In addition, MPO has been demonstrated to be a local mediator of tissue damage and the resulting inflammation in various inflammatory diseases. These findings have implicated MPO as an important therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. In contrast to its injurious effects at sites of inflammation, recent studies using animal models of various inflammatory diseases have demonstrated that MPO deficiency results in the exaggeration of inflammatory response, and that it affects neutrophil functions including cytokine production. Given these diverse effects, a growing interest has emerged in the role of this well-studied enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Aratani
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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34
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Interleukin-17A Aggravates Middle Ear Injury Induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae through the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00438-17. [PMID: 28739823 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00438-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in children aged 2 to 7 years worldwide. We previously demonstrated that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) promotes an acute inflammatory response characterized by the influx of neutrophils into the middle ear cavity during Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced AOM. In general, the inflammatory response is viewed as an effector that frequently causes local tissue damage. However, little is known about the pathogenic effects of IL-17A in AOM. Here, we investigated the pathogenic effects of IL-17A by using wild-type (WT) and IL-17A knockout (KO) mouse models. The results showed that the pathogenic effects of AOM, including weight loss, histopathological changes, and proinflammatory cytokine production, were more severe in WT mice than in IL-17A KO mice, suggesting that IL-17A aggravates tissue damage in AOM. Furthermore, these pathogenic effects were found to be dependent on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and could be reversed in the presence of a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor. It was also demonstrated that IL-17A promoted the production of neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which was responsible for the middle ear tissue injury. These data support the conclusion that IL-17A contributes to middle ear injury through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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35
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Koppejan H, Trouw LA, Sokolove J, Lahey LJ, Huizinga TJW, Smolik IA, Robinson DB, El-Gabalawy HS, Toes REM, Hitchon CA. Role of Anti-Carbamylated Protein Antibodies Compared to Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Indigenous North Americans With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Their First-Degree Relatives, and Healthy Controls. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2090-8. [PMID: 26946484 PMCID: PMC6680251 DOI: 10.1002/art.39664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, including seropositivity for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). In addition, antibodies to carbamylated proteins (anti‐CarP) are present in patients with RA and are associated with joint damage. This study was undertaken to assess the presence of anti‐CarP antibodies in indigenous North Americans (First Nations [FN] populations) with RA compared to their at‐risk first‐degree relatives (FDRs) and healthy controls. Methods Anti‐CarP IgG and ACPAs (specifically, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti‐CCP] antibodies) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the sera of FN patients with RA (n = 95), their unaffected FDRs (n = 109), and healthy FN controls (n = 85). Antibodies to additional citrullinated peptides were measured using a multiplex ACPA array, and the number of peptides recognized was reported as an ACPA score. Groups were compared using the chi‐square test and Mann‐Whitney U test. Associations between RA and seropositivity for RF, ACPAs, and anti‐CarP antibodies were determined by logistic regression. Results Anti‐CarP antibodies were more frequent in FN patients with RA (44.3%) compared to FDRs (18.3%) and FN controls (4.7%) (both P < 0.0001 versus RA). Moreover, anti‐CarP antibodies were more frequent in FDRs than in FN controls (P = 0.008). The ACPA score was higher in anti‐CCP–positive FN patients with RA than in anti‐CCP–positive FN FDRs (median score 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 7] versus median score 1 [IQR 4]; P = 0.04). The association with RA was strongest when all 3 autoantibodies (RF, anti‐CCP, and anti‐CarP) were present in the patients’ serum (odds ratio 194, 95% confidence interval 23–1,609, P < 0.0001). Conclusion Anti‐CarP antibodies are prevalent in FN patients with RA and also more common in their at‐risk FDRs compared to healthy controls. The results indicate an association of RF, ACPAs, and anti‐CarP with RA that is strongest when all 3 autoantibodies are present. These findings may provide new insights into the evolution of autoimmunity in preclinical RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koppejan
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L A Trouw
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Sokolove
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - L J Lahey
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - T J W Huizinga
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I A Smolik
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - D B Robinson
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - R E M Toes
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C A Hitchon
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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36
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Strzepa A, Pritchard KA, Dittel BN. Myeloperoxidase: A new player in autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2017; 317:1-8. [PMID: 28511921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most toxic enzyme found in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. MPO utilizes H2O2 to generate hypochlorous acid (HClO) and other reactive moieties, which kill pathogens during infections. In contrast, in the setting of sterile inflammation, MPO and MPO-derived oxidants are thought to be pathogenic, promoting inflammation and causing tissue damage. In contrast, evidence also exists that MPO can limit the extent of immune responses. Elevated MPO levels and activity are observed in a number of autoimmune diseases including in the central nervous system (CNS) of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A pathogenic role for MPO in driving autoimmune inflammation was demonstrated using mouse models. Mechanisms whereby MPO is thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis include tuning of adaptive immune responses and/or the induction of vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strzepa
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kirkwood A Pritchard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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37
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Leichsenring A, Bäcker I, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Lange F, Flemmig J. Long-Term Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Pristane-Induced Arthritis (PIA) in Female Dark Agouti Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152518. [PMID: 27023113 PMCID: PMC4811407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)--a widespread chronic inflammatory disease in industrialized countries--is characterized by a persistent and progressive joint destruction. The chronic pro-inflammatory state results from a mutual activation of the innate and the adaptive immune system, while the exact pathogenesis mechanism is still under discussion. New data suggest a role of the innate immune system and especially polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs, neutrophils) not only during onset and the destructive phase of RA but also at the chronification of the disease. Thereby the enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a peroxidase strongly abundant in neutrophils, may be important: While its peroxidase activity is known to contribute to cartilage destruction at later stages of RA the almost MPO-specific oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is also discussed for certain anti-inflammatory effects. In this study we used pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in Dark Agouti rats as a model for the chronic course of RA in man. We were able to shown that a specific detection of the HOCl-producing MPO activity provides a sensitive new marker to evaluate the actual systemic inflammatory status which is only partially detectable by the evaluation of clinical symptoms (joint swelling and redness measurements). Moreover, we evaluated the long-term pharmacological effect of the well-known anti-inflammatory flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Thereby only upon early and continuous oral application of this polyphenol the arthritic symptoms were considerably diminished both in the acute and in the chronic phase of the disease. The obtained results were comparable to the treatment control (application of methotrexate, MTX). As revealed by stopped-flow kinetic measurements, EGCG may regenerate the HOCl-production of MPO which is known to be impaired at chronic inflammatory diseases like RA. It can be speculated that this MPO activity-promoting effect of EGCG may contribute to the pharmacological mode of action of this polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leichsenring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) Leipzig, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bäcker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) Leipzig, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul G. Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Lange
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) Leipzig, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Flemmig
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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38
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Huang J, Milton A, Arnold RD, Huang H, Smith F, Panizzi JR, Panizzi P. Methods for measuring myeloperoxidase activity toward assessing inhibitor efficacy in living systems. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:541-8. [PMID: 26884610 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru0615-256r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase aids in clearance of microbes by generation of peroxidase-mediated oxidants that kill leukocyte-engulfed pathogens. In this review, we will examine 1) strategies for in vitro evaluation of myeloperoxidase function and its inhibition, 2) ways to monitor generation of certain oxidant species during inflammation, and 3) how these methods can be used to approximate the total polymorphonuclear neutrophil chemotaxis following insult. Several optical imaging probes are designed to target reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during polymorphonuclear neutrophil inflammatory burst following injury. Here, we review the following 1) the broad effect of myeloperoxidase on normal physiology, 2) the difference between myeloperoxidase and other peroxidases, 3) the current optical probes available for use as surrogates for direct measures of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants, and 4) the range of preclinical options for imaging myeloperoxidase accumulation at sites of inflammation in mice. We also stress the advantages and drawbacks of each of these methods, the pharmacokinetic considerations that may limit probe use to strictly cell cultures for some reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, rather than in vivo utility as indicators of myeloperoxidase function. Taken together, our review should shed light on the fundamental rational behind these techniques for measuring myeloperoxidase activity and polymorphonuclear neutrophil response after injury toward developing safe myeloperoxidase inhibitors as potential therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Huang
- *Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Amber Milton
- *Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- *Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- *Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Forrest Smith
- *Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer R Panizzi
- *Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter Panizzi
- *Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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39
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Neutrophil-Mediated Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity: The Role of Myeloperoxidase. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2349817. [PMID: 26904693 PMCID: PMC4745373 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2349817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are no longer seen as leukocytes with a sole function of being the essential first responders in the removal of pathogens at sites of infection. Being armed with numerous pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, these phagocytes can also contribute to the development of various autoimmune diseases and can positively or negatively regulate the generation of adaptive immune responses. In this review, we will discuss how myeloperoxidase, the most abundant neutrophil granule protein, plays a key role in the various functions of neutrophils in innate and adaptive immunity.
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40
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El-Setouhy DA, Abdelmalak NS, Anis SE, Louis D. Leflunomide biodegradable microspheres intended for intra-articular administration: Development, anti-inflammatory activity and histopathological studies. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:664-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Ruggeri RB, Buckbinder L, Bagley SW, Carpino PA, Conn EL, Dowling MS, Fernando DP, Jiao W, Kung DW, Orr STM, Qi Y, Rocke BN, Smith A, Warmus JS, Zhang Y, Bowles D, Widlicka DW, Eng H, Ryder T, Sharma R, Wolford A, Okerberg C, Walters K, Maurer TS, Zhang Y, Bonin PD, Spath SN, Xing G, Hepworth D, Ahn K, Kalgutkar AS. Discovery of 2-(6-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide (PF-06282999): A Highly Selective Mechanism-Based Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8513-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger B. Ruggeri
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leonard Buckbinder
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W. Bagley
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Philip A. Carpino
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S. Dowling
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dilinie P. Fernando
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Wenhua Jiao
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Suvi T. M. Orr
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yingmei Qi
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Rocke
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph S. Warmus
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel Bowles
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Widlicka
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Heather Eng
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tim Ryder
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela Wolford
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Carlin Okerberg
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen Walters
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tristan S. Maurer
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paul D. Bonin
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samantha N. Spath
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gang Xing
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kay Ahn
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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42
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Etanercept administration prevents the inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in the murine air pouch model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:1247-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Odobasic D, Muljadi RCM, O'Sullivan KM, Kettle AJ, Dickerhof N, Summers SA, Kitching AR, Holdsworth SR. Suppression of Autoimmunity and Renal Disease in Pristane-Induced Lupus by Myeloperoxidase. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1868-80. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Odobasic
- Monash University and Monash Medical Centre; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | | | - Kim M. O'Sullivan
- Monash University and Monash Medical Centre; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | | | | | | | - A. Richard Kitching
- Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, and Monash Health; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen R. Holdsworth
- Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, and Monash Health; Clayton Victoria Australia
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44
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Van Antwerpen P, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K. Rational drug design applied to myeloperoxidase inhibition. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:711-20. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1027201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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45
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DeNichilo MO, Panagopoulos V, Rayner TE, Borowicz RA, Greenwood JE, Evdokiou A. Peroxidase enzymes regulate collagen extracellular matrix biosynthesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1372-84. [PMID: 25759268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase are heme-containing enzymes often physically associated with fibrotic tissue and cancer in various organs, without any direct involvement in promoting fibroblast recruitment and extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis at these sites. We report herein novel findings that show peroxidase enzymes possess a well-conserved profibrogenic capacity to stimulate the migration of fibroblastic cells and promote their ability to secrete collagenous proteins to generate a functional ECM both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies conducted using cultured fibroblasts show that these cells are capable of rapidly binding and internalizing both myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase. Peroxidase enzymes stimulate collagen biosynthesis at a post-translational level in a prolyl 4-hydroxylase-dependent manner that does not require ascorbic acid. This response was blocked by the irreversible myeloperoxidase inhibitor 4-amino-benzoic acid hydrazide, indicating peroxidase catalytic activity is essential for collagen biosynthesis. These results suggest that peroxidase enzymes, such as myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase, may play a fundamental role in regulating the recruitment of fibroblast and the biosynthesis of collagen ECM at sites of normal tissue repair and fibrosis, with enormous implications for many disease states where infiltrating inflammatory cells deposit peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O DeNichilo
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy E Rayner
- Paramedic Unit, Flinders Clinical Effectiveness, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Romana A Borowicz
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John E Greenwood
- Adult Burn Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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46
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Wang W, Jian Z, Guo J, Ning X. Increased levels of serum myeloperoxidase in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2014; 117:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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