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Song K, Zhang JL, Zhou N, Fu Y, Zou B, Xu LX, Wang Z, Li X, Zhao Y, Potenza M, Fang X, Zhang JT. Youth Screen Media Activity Patterns and Associations With Behavioral Developmental Measures and Resting-state Brain Functional Connectivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1051-1063. [PMID: 36963562 PMCID: PMC10509312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screen media activity (SMA) consumes considerable time in youth's lives, raising concerns about the effects it may have on youth development. Disentangling mixed associations between SMA of youth and developmental measures should move beyond overall screen time and consider types and patterns of SMA. This study aimed to identify reliable and generalizable SMA patterns among youth and examine their associations with behavioral developmental measures and developing brain functional connectivity. METHOD Three waves of Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) data were examined. The Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D) was interrogated as an independent sample. ABCD participants included 11,876 children at baseline. HCP-D participants included 652 children and adolescents. Youth-reported SMA and behavioral developmental measures (neurocognitive performance, behavioral problems, psychotic-like experiences, impulsivity, and sensitivities to punishment/reward) were assessed with validated instruments. We identified SMA patterns in the ABCD baseline data using K-means clustering and sensitivity analyses. Generalizability and stability of the identified SMA patterns were examined in HCP-D data and ABCD follow-up waves, respectively. Relations between SMA patterns and behavioral and brain (resting-state brain functional connectivity) measures were examined using linear mixed effects modeling with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. RESULTS SMA data from 11,815 children (mean [SD] age = 119.0 [7.5] months; 6,159 [52.1%] boys) were examined; 3,151 (26.7%) demonstrated a video-centric higher-frequency SMA pattern, and 8,664 (73.3%) demonstrated a lower-frequency pattern. SMA patterns were validated in similarly aged HCP-D youth. Compared with the lower-frequency SMA pattern group, the video-centric higher-frequency SMA pattern group showed poorer neurocognitive performance (β = -.12, 95% CI [-0.08, -0.16], FDR-corrected p < .001), more total behavioral problems (β = .13, 95% CI [0.09, 0.18], FDR-corrected p < .001), and more psychotic-like experiences (β = .31, 95% CI [0.27, 0.36], FDR-corrected p < .001). The video-centric higher-frequency SMA pattern group demonstrated higher impulsivity, more sensitivity to punishment/reward, and altered resting-state brain functional connectivity among brain areas implicated previously in cognitive processes. Most of the associations persisted with age in the ABCD data, with more participants (n = 3,378, 30.4%) in the video-centric higher-frequency SMA group at 1-year follow-up. A social communication-centric SMA pattern was observed in HCP-D adolescents. CONCLUSION Video-centric SMA patterns are reliable and generalizable during late childhood. A higher-frequency video entertainment SMA pattern group showed altered resting-state brain functional connectivity and poorer developmental measures that persisted longitudinally. The findings suggest that public health strategies to decrease excessive time spent by children on video entertainment-related SMA are needed. Further studies are needed to examine potential video-centric/social communication-centric SMA bifurcation to understand dynamic changes and trajectories of SMA patterns and related outcomes developmentally. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Columbia University School of Nursing, New York
| | - Marc Potenza
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, Connecticut, the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, Connecticut, and the Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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You Y, Correas A, White DR, Wagner LC, Jao Keehn RJ, Rosen BQ, Alemu K, Müller RA, Marinkovic K. Mapping access to meaning in adolescents with autism: Atypical lateralization and spatiotemporal patterns as a function of language ability. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103467. [PMID: 37454468 PMCID: PMC10371850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) vary in their language abilities, associated with atypical patterns of brain activity. However, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal profiles of lexico-semantic processing in ASD, particularly as a function of language heterogeneity. Thirty-nine high-functioning adolescents with ASD and 21 typically developing (TD) peers took part in a lexical decision task that combined semantic access with demands on cognitive control. Spatiotemporal characteristics of the processing stages were examined with a multimodal anatomically-constrained magnetoencephalography (aMEG) approach, which integrates MEG with structural MRI. Additional EEG data were acquired from a limited montage simultaneously with MEG. TD adolescents showed the canonical left-dominant activity in frontotemporal regions during both early (N250m) and late (N400m) stages of lexical access and semantic integration. In contrast, the ASD participants showed bilateral engagement of the frontotemporal language network, indicative of compensatory recruitment of the right hemisphere. The left temporal N400m was prominent in both groups, confirming preserved attempts to access meaning. In contrast, the left prefrontal N400m was reduced in ASD participants, consistent with impaired semantic/contextual integration and inhibitory control. To further investigate the impact of language proficiency, the ASD sample was stratified into high- and low-performing (H-ASD and L-ASD) subgroups based on their task accuracy. The H-ASD subgroup performed on par with the TD group and showed greater activity in the right prefrontal and bilateral temporal cortices relative to the L-ASD subgroup, suggesting compensatory engagement. The L-ASD subgroup additionally showed reduced and delayed left prefrontal N400m, consistent with more profound semantic and executive impairments in this subgroup. These distinct spatiotemporal activity profiles reveal the neural underpinnings of the ASD-specific access to meaning and provide insight into the phenotypic heterogeneity of language in ASD, which may be a result of different neurodevelopmental trajectories and adoption of compensatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi You
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Angeles Correas
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David R White
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Laura C Wagner
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - R Joanne Jao Keehn
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Burke Q Rosen
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kalekirstos Alemu
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
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3
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Xin J, Huang K, Yi A, Feng Z, Liu H, Liu X, Liang L, Huang Q, Xiao Y. Absence of associations with prefrontal cortex and cerebellum may link to early language and social deficits in preschool children with ASD. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1144993. [PMID: 37215652 PMCID: PMC10192852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder, characterized by language and social deficits that begin to appear in the first years of life. Research in preschool children with ASD has consistently reported increased global brain volume and abnormal cortical patterns, and the brain structure abnormalities have also been found to be clinically and behaviorally relevant. However, little is known regarding the associations between brain structure abnormalities and early language and social deficits in preschool children with ASD. Methods In this study, we collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a cohort of Chinese preschool children with and without ASD (24 ASD/20 non-ASD) aged 12-52 months, explored group differences in brain gray matter (GM) volume, and examined associations between regional GM volume and early language and social abilities in these two groups, separately. Results We observed significantly greater global GM volume in children with ASD as compared to those without ASD, but there were no regional GM volume differences between these two groups. For children without ASD, GM volume in bilateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum was significantly correlated with language scores; GM volume in bilateral prefrontal cortex was significantly correlated with social scores. No significant correlations were found in children with ASD. Discussion Our data demonstrate correlations of regional GM volume with early language and social abilities in preschool children without ASD, and the absence of these associations appear to underlie language and social deficits in children with ASD. These findings provide novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis associated with language and social abilities in preschool children with and without ASD, which promotes a better understanding of early deficits in language and social functions in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aiwen Yi
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Ziyu Feng
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Lili Liang
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Qingshan Huang
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yaqiong Xiao
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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Wu H, Peng D, Yan H, Yang Y, Xu M, Zeng W, Chang C, Wang N. Occupation-modulated language networks and its lateralization: A resting-state fMRI study of seafarers. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1095413. [PMID: 36992794 PMCID: PMC10040660 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1095413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionStudies have revealed that the language network of Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area is modulated by factors such as disease, gender, aging, and handedness. However, how occupational factors modulate the language network remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, taking professional seafarers as an example, we explored the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the language network with seeds (the original and flipped Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area).ResultsThe results showed seafarers had weakened RSFC of Broca’s area with the left superior/middle frontal gyrus and left precentral gyrus, and enhanced RSFC of Wernicke’s area with the cingulate and precuneus. Further, seafarers had a less right-lateralized RSFC with Broca’s area in the left inferior frontal gyrus, while the controls showed a left-lateralized RSFC pattern in Broca’s area and a right-lateralized one in Wernicke’s area. Moreover, seafarers displayed stronger RSFC with the left seeds of Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area.DiscussionThese findings suggest that years of working experience significantly modulates the RSFC of language networks and their lateralization, providing rich insights into language networks and occupational neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deyuan Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Hongjie Yan,
| | - Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiming Zeng
- Lab of Digital Image and Intelligent Computation, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Chunqi Chang,
| | - Nizhuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Nizhuan Wang,
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Xiao Y, Wen TH, Kupis L, Eyler LT, Taluja V, Troxel J, Goel D, Lombardo MV, Pierce K, Courchesne E. Atypical functional connectivity of temporal cortex with precuneus and visual regions may be an early-age signature of ASD. Mol Autism 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36899425 PMCID: PMC10007788 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social and language abilities are closely intertwined during early typical development. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, deficits in social and language development are early-age core symptoms. We previously reported that superior temporal cortex, a well-established social and language region, shows reduced activation to social affective speech in ASD toddlers; however, the atypical cortical connectivity that accompanies this deviance remains unknown. METHODS We collected clinical, eye tracking, and resting-state fMRI data from 86 ASD and non-ASD subjects (mean age 2.3 ± 0.7 years). Functional connectivity of left and right superior temporal regions with other cortical regions and correlations between this connectivity and each child's social and language abilities were examined. RESULTS While there was no group difference in functional connectivity, the connectivity between superior temporal cortex and frontal and parietal regions was significantly correlated with language, communication, and social abilities in non-ASD subjects, but these effects were absent in ASD subjects. Instead, ASD subjects, regardless of different social or nonsocial visual preferences, showed atypical correlations between temporal-visual region connectivity and communication ability (r(49) = 0.55, p < 0.001) and between temporal-precuneus connectivity and expressive language ability (r(49) = 0.58, p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The distinct connectivity-behavior correlation patterns may be related to different developmental stages in ASD and non-ASD subjects. The use of a prior 2-year-old template for spatial normalization may not be optimal for a few subjects beyond this age range. CONCLUSIONS Superior temporal cortex is known to have reduced activation to social affective speech in ASD at early ages, and here we find in ASD toddlers that it also has atypical connectivity with visual and precuneus cortices that is correlated with communication and language ability, a pattern not seen in non-ASD toddlers. This atypicality may be an early-age signature of ASD that also explains why the disorder has deviant early language and social development. Given that these atypical connectivity patterns are also present in older individuals with ASD, we conclude these atypical connectivity patterns persist across age and may explain why successful interventions targeting language and social skills at all ages in ASD are so difficult to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Xiao
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Teresa H Wen
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lauren Kupis
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vani Taluja
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jaden Troxel
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Disha Goel
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Karen Pierce
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Dunham K, Zoltowski A, Feldman JI, Davis S, Rogers B, Failla MD, Wallace MT, Cascio CJ, Woynaroski TG. Neural Correlates of Audiovisual Speech Processing in Autistic and Non-Autistic Youth. Multisens Res 2023; 36:263-288. [PMID: 36731524 PMCID: PMC10121891 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autistic youth demonstrate differences in processing multisensory information, particularly in temporal processing of multisensory speech. Extensive research has identified several key brain regions for multisensory speech processing in non-autistic adults, including the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and insula, but it is unclear to what extent these regions are involved in temporal processing of multisensory speech in autistic youth. As a first step in exploring the neural substrates of multisensory temporal processing in this clinical population, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a simultaneity-judgment audiovisual speech task. Eighteen autistic youth and a comparison group of 20 non-autistic youth matched on chronological age, biological sex, and gender participated. Results extend prior findings from studies of non-autistic adults, with non-autistic youth demonstrating responses in several similar regions as previously implicated in adult temporal processing of multisensory speech. Autistic youth demonstrated responses in fewer of the multisensory regions identified in adult studies; responses were limited to visual and motor cortices. Group responses in the middle temporal gyrus significantly interacted with age; younger autistic individuals showed reduced MTG responses whereas older individuals showed comparable MTG responses relative to non-autistic controls. Across groups, responses in the precuneus covaried with task accuracy, and anterior temporal and insula responses covaried with nonverbal IQ. These preliminary findings suggest possible differences in neural mechanisms of audiovisual processing in autistic youth while highlighting the need to consider participant characteristics in future, larger-scale studies exploring the neural basis of multisensory function in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie Dunham
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alisa Zoltowski
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacob I. Feldman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samona Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle D. Failla
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark T. Wallace
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carissa J. Cascio
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany G. Woynaroski
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Karavallil Achuthan S, Coburn KL, Beckerson ME, Kana RK. Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state fMRI in autistic children. Autism Res 2023; 16:84-98. [PMID: 36349875 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) provides an excellent platform for examining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which are key indices of brain functioning. However, ALFF and fALFF have been used only sporadically to study autism. rs-fMRI data from 69 children (40 autistic, mean age = 8.47 ± 2.20 years; age range: 5.2 to 13.2; and 29 non-autistic, mean age = 9.02 ± 1.97 years; age range 5.9 to 12.9) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II). ALFF and fALFF were measured using CONN connectivity toolbox and SPM12, at whole-brain & network-levels. A two-sampled t-test and a 2 Group (autistic, non-autistic) × 7 Networks ANOVA were conducted to test group differences in ALFF and fALFF. The whole-brain analysis identified significantly reduced ALFF values for autistic participants in left parietal opercular cortex, precuneus, and right insula. At the network level, there was a significant effect of diagnostic group and brain network on ALFF values, and only significant effect of network, not group, on fALFF values. Regression analyses indicated a significant effect of age on ALFF values of certain networks in autistic participants. Such intrinsically different network-level responses in autistic participants may have implications for task-level recruitment and synchronization of brain areas, which may in turn impact optimal cognitive functioning. Moreover, differences in low frequency fluctuations of key networks, such as the DMN and SN, may underlie alterations in brain responses in autism that are frequently reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Karavallil Achuthan
- Department of Psychology & The Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Kelly L Coburn
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | - Meagan E Beckerson
- Department of Psychology & The Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajesh K Kana
- Department of Psychology & The Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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Wilkinson M, Keehn RJ, Linke A, You Y, Gao Y, Alemu K, Correas A, Rosen B, Kohli J, Wagner L, Sridhar A, Marinkovic K, Müller RA. fMRI BOLD and MEG theta power reflect complementary aspects of activity during lexicosemantic decision in adolescents with ASD. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2022; 2:100134. [PMID: 36438080 PMCID: PMC9683354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been predominantly unimodal. While many fMRI studies have reported atypical activity patterns for diverse tasks, the MEG literature in ASD remains comparatively small. Our group recently reported atypically increased event-related theta power in individuals with ASD during lexicosemantic processing. The current multimodal study examined the relationship between fMRI BOLD signal and anatomically-constrained MEG (aMEG) theta power. Thirty-three adolescents with ASD and 23 typically developing (TD) peers took part in both fMRI and MEG scans, during which they distinguished between standard words (SW), animal words (AW), and pseudowords (PW). Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were derived based on task effects detected in BOLD signal and aMEG theta power. BOLD signal and theta power were extracted for each ROI and word condition. Compared to TD participants, increased theta power in the ASD group was found across several time windows and regions including left fusiform and inferior frontal, as well as right angular and anterior cingulate gyri, whereas BOLD signal was significantly increased in the ASD group only in right anterior cingulate gyrus. No significant correlations were observed between BOLD signal and theta power. Findings suggest that the common interpretation of increases in BOLD signal and theta power as 'activation' require careful differentiation, as these reflect largely distinct aspects of regional brain activity. Some group differences in dynamic neural processing detected with aMEG that are likely relevant for lexical processing may be obscured by the hemodynamic signal source and low temporal resolution of fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wilkinson
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States,Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - R.J. Jao Keehn
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - A.C. Linke
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Y. You
- Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Y. Gao
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States,Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - K. Alemu
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - A. Correas
- Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - B.Q. Rosen
- Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - J.S. Kohli
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States,Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - L. Wagner
- Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - A. Sridhar
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - K. Marinkovic
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States,Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Radiology Department, University of California at San Diego, CA, United States
| | - R.-A. Müller
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States,Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Corresponding author. San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, United States. (R.-A. Müller)
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9
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Wei L, Zhang Y, Zhai W, Wang H, Zhang J, Jin H, Feng J, Qin Q, Xu H, Li B, Liu J. Attenuated effective connectivity of large-scale brain networks in children with autism spectrum disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:987248. [PMID: 36523439 PMCID: PMC9745118 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.987248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the neurological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important for the diagnosis and treatment of this mental disorder. Emerging evidence has suggested aberrant functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks in individuals with ASD. However, whether the effective connectivity which measures the causal interactions of these networks is also impaired in these patients remains unclear. OBJECTS The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effective connectivity of large-scale brain networks in patients with ASD during resting state. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects were 42 autistic children and 127 age-matched normal children from the ABIDE II dataset. We investigated effective connectivity of 7 large-scale brain networks including visual network (VN), default mode network (DMN), cerebellum, sensorimotor network (SMN), auditory network (AN), salience network (SN), frontoparietal network (FPN), with spectral dynamic causality model (spDCM). Parametric empirical Bayesian (PEB) was used to perform second-level group analysis and furnished group commonalities and differences in effective connectivity. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the strength of effective connectivity and patients' clinical characteristics. RESULTS For both groups, SMN acted like a hub network which demonstrated dense effective connectivity with other large-scale brain network. We also observed significant causal interactions within the "triple networks" system, including DMN, SN and FPN. Compared with healthy controls, children with ASD showed decreased effective connectivity among some large-scale brain networks. These brain networks included VN, DMN, cerebellum, SMN, and FPN. In addition, we also found significant negative correlation between the strength of the effective connectivity from right angular gyrus (ANG_R) of DMN to left precentral gyrus (PreCG_L) of SMN and ADOS-G or ADOS-2 module 4 stereotyped behaviors and restricted interest total (ADOS_G_STEREO_BEHAV) scores. CONCLUSION Our research provides new evidence for the pathogenesis of children with ASD from the perspective of effective connections within and between large-scale brain networks. The attenuated effective connectivity of brain networks may be a clinical neurobiological feature of ASD. Changes in effective connectivity of brain network in children with ASD may provide useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Military Medical Center, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wensheng Zhai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junchao Zhang
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haojie Jin
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianfei Feng
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baojuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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10
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Cheng L, Zhan L, Huang L, Zhang H, Sun J, Huang G, Wang Y, Li M, Li H, Gao Y, Jia X. The atypical functional connectivity of Broca's area at multiple frequency bands in autism spectrum disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2627-2636. [PMID: 36163448 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has drawn much attention due to its severe impacts on one's language capacity. Broca's area, an important brain region of the language network, is largely involved in language-related functions. Using the Autism Brain Image Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset, a mega-analysis was performed involving a total of 1454 participants (including 618 individuals with ASD and 836 healthy controls (HCs). To detect the neural pathophysiological mechanism of ASD from the perspective of language, we conducted a functional connectivity (FC) analysis with Broca's area as the seed in multiple frequency bands (conventional: 0.01-0.08 Hz; slow-4: 0.027-0.073 Hz; slow-5: 0.01-0.027 Hz). We found that compared with HC, ASD patients demonstrated increased FC in the left thalamus, left precuneus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus in the conventional frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz). The results of the slow-5 frequency band (0.01-0.027 Hz) presented increased FC values of the left precuneus, left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus, right medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus and right thalamus. No significant cluster was detected in the slow-4 frequency band (0.027-0.073 Hz). In conclusion, the abnormal functional connectivity in patients with ASD has frequency-specific properties. Furthermore, the slow-5 frequency band (0.01-0.027 Hz) mainly contributed to the findings of the conventional frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz). The current study might shed new light on the neural pathophysiological mechanism of language impairments in people with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cheng
- School of Foreign Studies, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.,Shanghai Center for Research in English Language Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Faculty of Western Languages, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Guofeng Huang
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yadan Wang
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Huayun Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China. .,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Xize Jia
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China. .,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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11
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Salpekar JA. Language and Epilepsy: A Systems Issue. Epilepsy Curr 2022; 22:354-355. [PMID: 36426185 PMCID: PMC9661614 DOI: 10.1177/15357597221123449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorganization of Language and Working Memory Systems in Frontal Versus Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Caciagli L, Paquola C, He X, Vollmar C, Centeno M, Wandschneider B, Braun U, Trimmel K, Vos SB, Sidhu MK, Thompson PJ, Baxendale, S, Winston GP, Duncan JS, Bassett DS, Koepp MJ, Bernhardt BC. Brain. 2022;awac150. doi:10.1093/brain/awac150 Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of epilepsy, and adversely impacts people with both frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). While its neural substrates have been extensively investigated in TLE, functional imaging studies in FLE are scarce. In this study, we profiled the neural processes underlying cognitive impairment in FLE, and directly compared FLE and TLE to establish commonalities and differences. We investigated 172 adult participants (56 with FLE, 64 with TLE, and 52 controls) using neuropsychological tests and four functional MRI tasks probing expressive language (verbal fluency, verb generation) and working memory (verbal and visuo-spatial). Patient groups were comparable in disease duration and anti-seizure medication load. We devise a multiscale approach to map brain activation and deactivation during cognition, and track reorganization in FLE and TLE. Voxel-based analyses were complemented with profiling of task effects across established motifs of functional brain organization: (i) canonical resting-state functional systems, and (ii) the principal functional connectivity gradient, which encodes a continuous transition of regional connectivity profiles, anchoring lower-level sensory and transmodal brain areas at the opposite ends of a spectrum. We show that cognitive impairment in FLE is associated with reduced activation across attentional and executive systems, and reduced deactivation of the default mode system, indicative of a large-scale disorganization of task-related recruitment. The imaging signatures of dysfunction in FLE were broadly similar to those in TLE, but some patterns were syndrome-specific: altered default-mode deactivation was more prominent in FLE, while impaired recruitment of posterior language areas during a task with semantic demands was more marked in TLE. Functional abnormalities in FLE and TLE appeared overall modulated by disease load. On balance, our study elucidates neural processes underlying language and working memory impairment in FLE, identifies shared and syndrome-specific alterations in the two most common focal epilepsies, and sheds light on system behavior that may be amenable to future remediation strategies.
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12
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Rebello K, Moura LM, Bueno APA, Picon FA, Pan PM, Gadelha A, Miguel EC, Bressan RA, Rohde LA, Sato JR. Associations between Family Functioning and Maternal Behavior on Default Mode Network Connectivity in School-Age Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106055. [PMID: 35627592 PMCID: PMC9141331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Most early children's experiences will occur in a family context; therefore, the quality of this environment is critical for development outcomes. Not many studies have assessed the correlations between brain functional connectivity (FC) in important areas such as the default mode network (DMN) and the quality of parent-child relationships in school-age children and early adolescence. The quality of family relationships and maternal behavior have been suggested to modulate DMN FC once they act as external regulators of children's affect and behavior. Objective: We aimed to test the associations between the quality of family environment/maternal behavior and FC within the DMN of school-age children. Method: Resting-state, functional magnetic resonance imaging data, were collected from 615 children (6-12 age range) enrolled in the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort (HRC) study. We assessed DMN intra-connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL-bilateral) regions. The family functioning was assessed by levels of family cohesiveness and conflict and by maternal behavior styles such as maternal responsiveness, maternal stimulus to the child's autonomy, and maternal overprotection. The family environment was assessed with the Family Environment Scale (FES), and maternal behavior was assessed by the mother's self-report. Results: We found that the quality of the family environment was correlated with intra-DMN FC. The more conflicting the family environment was, the greater the FC between the mPFC-left IPL (lIPL), while a more cohesive family functioning was negatively correlated with FC between the PCC-lIPL. On the other hand, when moderated by a positive maternal behavior, cohesive family functioning was associated with increased FC in both regions of the DMN (mPFC-lIPL and PCC-lIPL). Conclusions: Our results highlight that the quality of the family environment might be associated with differences in the intrinsic DMN FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Rebello
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (K.R.); (L.M.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
| | - Luciana Monteiro Moura
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (K.R.); (L.M.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (A.G.); (R.A.B.)
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
| | - Ana Paula Arantes Bueno
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (K.R.); (L.M.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
| | - Felipe Almeida Picon
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (A.G.); (R.A.B.)
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (A.G.); (R.A.B.)
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
| | - Euripedes Constatino Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (A.G.); (R.A.B.)
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (K.R.); (L.M.M.); (A.P.A.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (A.G.); (R.A.B.)
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (CNPq), São Paulo 01060-970, Brazil; (F.A.P.); (E.C.M.); (L.A.R.)
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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13
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Peng L, Liu X, Ma D, Chen X, Xu X, Gao X. The Altered Pattern of the Functional Connectome Related to Pathological Biomarkers in Individuals for Autism Spectrum Disorder Identification. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:913377. [PMID: 35600614 PMCID: PMC9120576 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.913377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the development of multiple symptoms, with incidences rapidly increasing worldwide. An important step in the early diagnosis of ASD is to identify informative biomarkers. Currently, the use of functional brain network (FBN) is deemed important for extracting data on brain imaging biomarkers. Unfortunately, most existing studies have reported the utilization of the information from the connection to train the classifier; such an approach ignores the topological information and, in turn, limits its performance. Thus, effective utilization of the FBN provides insights for improving the diagnostic performance. Methods We propose the combination of the information derived from both FBN and its corresponding graph theory measurements to identify and distinguish ASD from normal controls (NCs). Specifically, a multi-kernel support vector machine (MK-SVM) was used to combine multiple types of information. Results The experimental results illustrate that the combination of information from multiple connectome features (i.e., functional connections and graph measurements) can provide a superior identification performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of 0.9191 and an accuracy of 82.60%. Furthermore, the graph theoretical analysis illustrates that the significant nodal graph measurements and consensus connections exists mostly in the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), attention network, frontoparietal network, and social network. Conclusion This work provides insights into potential neuroimaging biomarkers that may be used for the diagnosis of ASD and offers a new perspective for the exploration of the brain pathophysiology of ASD through machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Peng
- Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Business Administration, José Rizal University, Mandaluyong, Philippines
| | - Di Ma
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowen Xu,
| | - Xin Gao
- Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai, China
- Xin Gao,
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14
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Attenuated link between the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala in children with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from effective connectivity within the "social brain". Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110147. [PMID: 33096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating neuroimaging studies have reported that social behavior deficits in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are commonly attributed to the dysfunction of social brain regions underlying social cognition, the dynamic interaction within the social brain network and its association with social deficits remain unclear. Here, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (I and II) were analyzed in 105 children with ASD and 102 demographically matched typically developing controls (TDCs) (age range: 7-12 years old). Term-based meta-analysis combined the prior reference and anatomical labeling were used to define the regions of interests of the social brain network, and multivariate Granger causality analysis with blind deconvolution was employed to assess the effective connectivity within the social brain network in the ASD and TDC groups. Between-group comparison revealed significantly attenuated effective connectivity from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the bilateral amygdala in children with the ASD group compared with TDC group. In addition, raw values of the effective connectivity from the mPFC to the bilateral amygdala were used to predict social deficits in ASD. Our findings indicate the impaired mPFC-amygdala pathway and its association with social deficits in children with ASD and provide a new perspective into the neuropathology of the developing autistic brain.
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15
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Bochet A, Sperdin HF, Rihs TA, Kojovic N, Franchini M, Jan RK, Michel CM, Schaer M. Early alterations of large-scale brain networks temporal dynamics in young children with autism. Commun Biol 2021; 4:968. [PMID: 34400754 PMCID: PMC8367954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with disruption of large-scale brain network. Recently, we found that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks are a core component of atypical brain development at early developmental stages in ASD. Here, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks at a subsecond scale in 113 toddlers and preschoolers (66 with ASD) using an EEG microstate approach. We first determined the predominant microstates using established clustering methods. We identified five predominant microstate (labeled as microstate classes A-E) with significant differences in the temporal dynamics of microstate class B between the groups in terms of increased appearance and prolonged duration. Using Markov chains, we found differences in the dynamic syntax between several maps in toddlers and preschoolers with ASD compared to their TD peers. Finally, exploratory analysis of brain-behavioral relationships within the ASD group suggested that the temporal dynamics of some maps were related to conditions comorbid to ASD during early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bochet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tonia Anahi Rihs
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nada Kojovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Reem Kais Jan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Christoph Martin Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Li S, Teng Z, Qiu Y, Pan P, Wu C, Jin K, Wang L, Chen J, Tang H, Xiang H, De Leon SA, Huang J, Guo W, Wang B, Wu H. Dissociation Pattern in Default-Mode Network Homogeneity in Drug-Naive Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:699292. [PMID: 34434127 PMCID: PMC8380964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Default mode network (DMN) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the homogeneity of this network in BD is still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate abnormalities in the NH of the DMN at rest and the correlation between the NH of DMN and clinical variables in patients with BD. Forty drug-naive patients with BD and thirty-seven healthy control subjects participated in the study. Network homogeneity (NH) and independent component analysis (ICA) methods were used for data analysis. Support vector machines (SVM) method was used to analyze NH in different brain regions. Compared with healthy controls, significantly increased NH in the left superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and decreased NH in the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and bilateral precuneus were found in patients with BD. NH in the right PCC was positively correlated with the verbal fluency test and verbal function total scores. NH in the left superior MPFC was negatively correlated with triglyceride (TG). NH in the right PCC was positively correlated with TG but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). NH in the bilateral precuneus was positively correlated with cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In addition, NH in the left superior MPFC showed high sensitivity (80.00%), specificity (71.43%), and accuracy (75.61%) in the SVM results. These findings contribute new evidence of the participation of the altered NH of the DMN in the pathophysiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chujun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sara Arenas De Leon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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In Prototypical Autism, the Genetic Ability to Learn Language Is Triggered by Structured Information, Not Only by Exposure to Oral Language. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081112. [PMID: 34440286 PMCID: PMC8391732 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
What does the way that autistic individuals bypass, learn, and eventually master language tell us about humans’ genetically encoded linguistic ability? In this theoretical review, we argue that autistic non-social acquisition of language and autistic savant abilities provide a strong argument for an innate, human-specific orientation towards (and mastery of) complex embedded structures. Autistic non-social language learning may represent a widening of the material processed during development beyond oral language. The structure detection and manipulation and generative production of non-linguistic embedded and chained material (savant abilities in calendar calculation, musical composition, musical interpretation, and three-dimensional drawing) may thus represent an application of such innate mechanisms to non-standard materials. Typical language learning through exposure to the child’s mother tongue may represent but one of many possible achievements of the same capacity. The deviation from typical language development in autism may ultimately allow access to oral language, sometimes in its most elaborate forms, and also explain the possibility of the absence of its development when applied exclusively to non-linguistic structured material. Such an extension of human capacities beyond or in parallel to their usual limits call into question what we consider to be specific or expected in humans and therefore does not necessarily represent a genetic “error”. Regardless of the adaptive success or failure of non-social language learning, it is the duty of science and ethical principles to strive to maintain autism as a human potentiality to further foster our vision of a plural society.
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18
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Hashimoto T, Yokota S, Matsuzaki Y, Kawashima R. Intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity underlying rigid memory in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 25:1901-1912. [PMID: 33779333 PMCID: PMC8419294 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211004058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atypical learning and memory in early life can promote atypical behaviors in later life. Less relational learning and inflexible retrieval in childhood may enhance restricted and repeated behaviors in patients with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of atypical memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. We conducted picture–name pair learning and delayed-recognition tests with two groups: one group with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder children (aged 7–16, n = 41) and one group with typically developing children (n = 82) that matched the first group’s age, sex, and IQ. We assessed correlations between successful recognition scores and seed-to-whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity. Although both learning and retrieval performances were comparable between the two groups, we observed slightly lower category learning and significantly fewer memory gains in the autism spectrum disorder group than in the typically developing group. The right canonical anterior hippocampal network was involved in successful memory in youths with typically developing, while other memory systems may be involved in successful memory in youths with autism spectrum disorder. Context-independent and less relational memory processing may be associated with fewer memory gains in autism spectrum disorder. These atypical memory characteristics in autism spectrum disorder may accentuate their inflexible behaviors in some situations.
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19
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Cermak CA, Arshinoff S, Ribeiro de Oliveira L, Tendera A, Beal DS, Brian J, Anagnostou E, Sanjeevan T. Brain and Language Associations in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:725-737. [PMID: 33765302 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Examining brain and behaviour associations for language in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may bring us closer to identifying neural profiles that are unique to a subgroup of individuals with ASD identified as language impaired (e.g. ASD LI+). We conducted a scoping review to examine brain regions that are associated with language performance in ASD. Further, we examined methodological differences across studies in how language ability was characterized and what neuroimaging methods were used to explore brain regions. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Brain regions specific to ASD LI+ groups were found, however inconsistencies in brain and language associations were evident across study findings. Participant age, age-appropriate language scores, and neuroimaging methods likely contributed to differences in associations found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Cermak
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada. .,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada. .,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada.
| | - Spencer Arshinoff
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Leticia Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Anna Tendera
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Deryk S Beal
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Teenu Sanjeevan
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
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20
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Supernumerary neurons within the cerebral cortical subplate in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res 2021; 1760:147350. [PMID: 33607045 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) involve alterations to cortical connectivity that manifest as reduced coordinated activity between cortical regions. The neurons of the cortical subplate are a major contributor to establishing thalamocortical, corticothalamic and corticocortical long-range connections and only a subset of this cell population survives into adulthood. Previous reports of an indistinct gray-white matter boundary in subjects with ASD suggest that the adjacent subplate may also show organizational abnormalities. Frozen human postmortem tissue samples from the parietal lobe (BA7) were used to evaluate white-matter neuron densities adjacent to layer VI with an antibody to NeuN. In addition, fixed postmortem tissue samples from frontal (BA9), parietal (BA7) and temporal lobe (BA21) locations, were stained with a Golgi-Kopsch procedure, and used to examine the morphology of these neuronal profiles. Relative to control cases, ASD subjects showed a large average density increase of NeuN-positive profiles of 44.7 percent. The morphologies of these neurons were consistent with subplate cells of the fusiform, polymorphic and pyramidal cell types. Lower ratios of fusiform to other cell types are found early in development and although adult ASD subjects showed consistently lower ratios, these differences were not significant. The increased number of retained subplate profiles, along with cell type ratios redolent of earlier developmental stages, suggests either an abnormal initial population or a partial failure of the apoptosis seen in neurotypical development. These results indicate abnormalities within a neuron population that plays multiple roles in the developing and mature cerebral cortex, including the establishment of long-range cortical connections.
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21
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Barbeau EB, Klein D, Soulières I, Petrides M, Bernhardt B, Mottron L. Age of Speech Onset in Autism Relates to Structural Connectivity in the Language Network. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa077. [PMID: 34296136 PMCID: PMC8152885 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech onset delays (SOD) and language atypicalities are central aspects of the autism spectrum (AS), despite not being included in the categorical diagnosis of AS. Previous studies separating participants according to speech onset history have shown distinct patterns of brain organization and activation in perceptual tasks. One major white matter tract, the arcuate fasciculus (AF), connects the posterior temporal and left frontal language regions. Here, we used anatomical brain imaging to investigate the properties of the AF in adolescent and adult autistic individuals with typical levels of intelligence who differed by age of speech onset. The left AF of the AS group showed a significantly smaller volume than that of the nonautistic group. Such a reduction in volume was only present in the younger group. This result was driven by the autistic group without SOD (SOD−), despite their typical age of speech onset. The autistic group with SOD (SOD+) showed a more typical AF as adults relative to matched controls. This suggests that, along with multiple studies in AS-SOD+ individuals, atypical brain reorganization is observable in the 2 major AS subgroups and that such reorganization applies mostly to the language regions in SOD− and perceptual regions in SOD+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise B Barbeau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Denise Klein
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Isabelle Soulières
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Laurent Mottron
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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22
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Pearson A, Hodgetts S. Can cerebral lateralisation explain heterogeneity in language and increased non-right handedness in autism? A literature review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 105:103738. [PMID: 32721786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is characterised by phenotypic variability, particularly in the domains of language and handedness. However, the source of this heterogeneity is currently unclear. AIMS To synthesise findings regarding the relationship between language, handedness, and cerebral lateralisation in autistic people and consider how future research should be conducted in order to progress our understanding of phenotypic variability. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Following a literature search and selection process, 19 papers were included in this literature review. Studies using behavioural, structural, and functional measures of lateralisation are reviewed. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The studies reviewed provided consistent evidence of differential cerebral lateralisation in autistic people, and this appears to be related to between-group differences in language. Evidence relating this to handedness was less consistent. Many of the studies did not include heterogeneous samples, and/or did not specify the language process they investigated. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This review suggests that further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between cerebral lateralisation and phenotypic variability within autism. It is crucial that future studies in this area include heterogeneous samples, specify the language process they are investigating, and consider taking developmental trajectories into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pearson
- School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK.
| | - Sophie Hodgetts
- School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
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23
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Liu J, Okada NJ, Cummings KK, Jung J, Patterson G, Bookheimer SY, Jeste SS, Dapretto M. Emerging atypicalities in functional connectivity of language-related networks in young infants at high familial risk for ASD. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100814. [PMID: 32658762 PMCID: PMC7341340 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated that infants and toddlers who later go on to develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical functional connectivity as well as altered neural processing of language and other auditory stimuli, but the timeline underlying the emergence of these altered developmental trajectories is still unclear. Here we used resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) during natural sleep to examine the longitudinal development of functional connectivity in language-related networks from 1.5 to 9 months of age. We found that functional connectivity of networks that underlie the integration of sensory and motor representations, which is crucial for language development, is disrupted in infants at high familial risk (HR) for developing ASD as early as 1.5 months of age. By 9 months of age, HR infants showed hyperconnectivity between auditory and somatosensory regions whereas low risk (LR) infants displayed greater intrahemispheric connectivity between auditory cortex and higher-order temporal regions as well as the hippocampus. Furthermore, while LR infants showed robust changes in functional connectivity during the first year of life with increasing long-range connectivity accompanied by decreasing short-range connectivity over time, HR infants displayed limited developmental changes. Our findings demonstrate that early disruptions in the development of language-related network connectivity may provide an early marker for the later emergence of ASD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Liu
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Los Angeles, 1506 Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 660 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Nana J Okada
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 660 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Kaitlin K Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 660 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 660 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Genevieve Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 660 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Shafali S Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 660 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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24
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Nair A, Jolliffe M, Lograsso YSS, Bearden CE. A Review of Default Mode Network Connectivity and Its Association With Social Cognition in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Early-Onset Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32670121 PMCID: PMC7330632 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated substantial phenotypic overlap, notably social impairment, between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of social impairments across these distinct neuropsychiatric disorders has not yet been fully examined. Most neuroimaging studies to date have focused on adults with these disorders, with little known about the neural underpinnings of social impairments in younger populations. Here, we present a narrative review of the literature available through April 2020 on imaging studies of adolescents with either ASD or early-onset psychosis (EOP), to better understand the shared and unique neural mechanisms of social difficulties across diagnosis from a developmental framework. We specifically focus on functional connectivity studies of the default mode network (DMN), as the most extensively studied brain network relevant to social cognition across both groups. Our review included 29 studies of DMN connectivity in adolescents with ASD (Mean age range = 11.2-21.6 years), and 14 studies in adolescents with EOP (Mean age range = 14.2-24.3 years). Of these, 15 of 29 studies in ASD adolescents found predominant underconnectivity when examining DMN connectivity. In contrast, findings were mixed in adolescents with EOP, with five of 14 studies reporting DMN underconnectivity, and an additional six of 14 studies reporting both under- and over-connectivity of the DMN. Specifically, intra-DMN networks were more frequently underconnected in ASD, but overconnected in EOP. On the other hand, inter-DMN connectivity patterns were mixed (both under- and over-connected) for each group, especially DMN connectivity with frontal, sensorimotor, and temporoparietal regions in ASD, and with frontal, temporal, subcortical, and cerebellar regions in EOP. Finally, disrupted DMN connectivity appeared to be associated with social impairments in both groups, less so with other features distinct to each condition, such as repetitive behaviors/restricted interests in ASD and hallucinations/delusions in EOP. Further studies on demographically well-matched groups of adolescents with each of these conditions are needed to systematically explore additional contributing factors in DMN connectivity patterns such as clinical heterogeneity, pubertal development, and medication effects that would better inform treatment targets and facilitate prediction of outcomes in the context of these developmental neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nair
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, California
| | - Morgan Jolliffe
- Graduate School of Professional Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Yong Seuk S Lograsso
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, California.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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