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Tagavi DM, Benavidez HR, Kalmus TC, Perryman CC, Stone WL. Caregiver Attributions of Toddlers' Behaviors: A Comparison Between Groups of Children with Differing Developmental Concerns. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:983-996. [PMID: 36572798 PMCID: PMC10291009 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the attributional patterns of caregivers of autistic children, particularly in relation to caregivers of children with other developmental or behavioral disorders. This study examined differences in caregiver attributions of child behavior between three groups: toddlers with (1) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ASD concerns; (2) Other developmental concerns; and (3) No concerns. Qualitative descriptions of actual child behaviors were coded using a three-stage content analysis. Regression analyses were utilized to determine if group membership predicted types of positive and challenging behaviors caregivers endorsed, as well as their attributions of these behaviors. Caregivers of children with ASD or ASD concerns endorsed similar types of behaviors, but rated their child's positive behaviors as less characteristic of their child and more a function of the particular situation, less stable or permanent, and less controllable as compared to caregivers of toddlers with other developmental or no concerns. Additionally, they rated their child's challenging behaviors as more stable or permanent and less controllable as compared to caregivers of toddlers with other developmental concerns or no concerns. These findings suggest that caregivers of children with ASD and ASD related concerns may be vulnerable to a negative attributional pattern, which can have important implications for child and family functioning and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina M Tagavi
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Hannah R Benavidez
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Taylor C Kalmus
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carlyn C Perryman
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wendy L Stone
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Alshaban FA, Ghazal I, Al-Harahsheh ST, Lotfy M, Al-Shammari H, Al-Faraj F, Thompson IR, Ratto AB, Nasir A, Tolefat M. Effects of COVID-19 on Autism Spectrum Disorder in Qatar. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1322011. [PMID: 38445086 PMCID: PMC10913057 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1322011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The unprecedented impact of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had profound implications on the ASD community, including disrupting daily life, increasing stress and emotional dysregulation in autistic children, and worsening individual and family well-being. Methods This study used quantitative and qualitative survey data from parents in Qatar (n=271), to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic children and their families in Qatar. The questionnaire was a combination of open-ended (qualitative) and closed-ended (quantitative) questions to explore patterns in the experiences of the different families, as well as to contrive themes. The survey was created in a way to evaluate the psychological, academic/intervention, economic, and other impacts of the pandemic related measures on a sample of multicultural families residing in the State of Qatar during the peak period of confinement and physical distancing in 2020. Data acquisition involved the utilization of Google Forms. Subsequent quantitative analysis employed the SPSS software and chi-square analysis for numerical examination, enabling the characterization of the studied population and exploration of associations between parental stress levels and variables such as employment status, therapy accessibility, presence of hired assistance, and alterations in their childs skills. Concurrently, qualitative data from written responses underwent thorough categorization, encompassing themes such as emotional isolation, mental or financial challenges, and difficulties in obtaining support. Results Parents expressed distress and disturbance in their daily lives, including profound disruptions to their childrens access to treatment, education, and activities. Most parents reported deteriorations in their childrens sleep (69.4%), behavioral regulation (52.8%), and acquired skills across multiple domains (54.2%). Parents also reported decreased access to family and social support networks, as well as decreased quality of clinical and community support. Qualitative analysis of parental responses revealed that child developmental regression was an important source of parental stress. Discussion and conclusion The greater impact of the pandemic on autistic children and their families emphasizes the need for accessible and affordable health, education, and family services to manage their special needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad A. Alshaban
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman Ghazal
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mustafa Lotfy
- Community Outreach, Qatar Autism Family Association, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hawraa Al-Shammari
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatema Al-Faraj
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - I. Richard Thompson
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allison B. Ratto
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Childrens National Health System, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Assal Nasir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohamed Tolefat
- Autism Department, Shafallah Center for Children with Disabilities, Doha, Qatar
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Tripathi I, Moody CT, Laugeson EA. Parent perspectives on treatment: A mixed methods analysis of PEERS® for Preschoolers. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:390-402. [PMID: 37306138 PMCID: PMC10851630 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231172314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic children have social communication differences that can contribute to difficulties making and keeping friends, as well as poor mental health (e.g. anxiety, depression). Social skills training programs for preschoolers on the spectrum have been shown to increase social functioning and improve outcomes. Parent involvement in these programs is essential, as parents are able to use the intervention strategies outside of sessions. Teaching parents skills to help their children is also thought to reduce parenting stress through empowerment, knowledge, and social support. However, we still do not know much about how parents experience social skills treatments and whether there are specific parts that are especially helpful to them. This study examined parent perspectives on the University of California, Los Angeles Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) for Preschoolers, an evidence-based, group social skills intervention for autistic young children who are struggling socially. Twenty-four parents reported on their child's progress through questionnaires and participated in semi-structured interviews that asked about their experiences and perspectives 1-5 years after completing (PEERS®) for Preschoolers. Parents reported that their children displayed increased social skills and confidence after (PEERS®) for Preschoolers, while parents described feeling more positive, supported, and having greater understanding of their child and their development. Those parents who continued to use strategies taught in (PEERS®) for Preschoolers, particularly priming and preparing their child for social activities, showed greater improvements in long-term child outcomes and parenting stress. Overall, findings show that parents had a positive experience during and after PEERS® for Preschoolers, finding the program helpful in multiple ways to both their child and to themselves as a parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isita Tripathi
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Harvard Medical School, USA
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Wang L, Xie Z, Zhao D. Spring is not yet here: raising a child with ASD in rural southwest China. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:322-333. [PMID: 36573417 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2161642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to reveal the parenting experiences of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in rural southwest China under the framework of ecological systems theory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 parents of children with ASD from rural southwest China and the interview data were analyzed using the three coding steps of the grounded theory method, namely open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS The results showed four themes: challenges from within the family; relationships between parents, the school, and the community; scarcity and low accessibility of available resources and services; the culture of discriminating against people with disabilities and the loss of eligibility for welfare. The mismatch between the needs of families of children with ASD and the resources available in social-environmental systems is the major issue faced by parents. CONCLUSIONS Raising a child with ASD in rural southwest China is affected by the interactions between the families and the internal structures in different environmental systems. The culture of discriminating against people with disabilities formed in the macrosystem could be the essential factor that affects the smoothness of the parenting process of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Department of Special Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Xie
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dehu Zhao
- Department of Special Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Greenlee JL, Hickey E, Stelter CR, Huynh T, Hartley SL. Profiles of the parenting experience in families of autistic children. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:1919-1932. [PMID: 36602200 PMCID: PMC10319917 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221147399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Research shows that parents of autistic children, on average, are stressed; however, there is likely an array of factors that characterize the parenting experience in the context of autism other than stress. Understanding the diversity in the parenting experiences of both mothers and fathers of autistic children is important in the development of family-based intervention. A total of 188 co-habiting couples with an autistic child described their parenting experiences using a series of questionnaires examining their feelings of stress, parenting competence, and parenting attitudes and behaviors. We then sorted responses into profiles-three for mothers and four for fathers. We found that children of parents who reported the least amount of stress, highest feeling of competence, and use of responsive and directive parenting strategies (the Adaptive profile) had children with the least severe behavioral problems and autism symptoms. It was not necessary for both parents to be in the Adaptive category for child emotional and behavioral problems to less severe. We found that children did just as well when one parent was Adaptive compared with when both parents fell into this category.
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Levinson J, Hickey E, Fuchu P, Chu A, Barnett M, Stadnick NA, Feinberg E, Broder-Fingert S. Recommendations for post-implementation adaptations to optimize family navigation in pediatric primary care: a qualitative study with parents and navigators. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:123. [PMID: 37328810 PMCID: PMC10273746 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family Navigation (FN) is an evidence-based care management intervention designed to reduce disparities in access to care by providing families with individually tailored support and care coordination. Early data suggest FN is effective, but effectiveness is significantly influenced by both contextual (e.g. setting) and individual (e.g., ethnicity) variables. To better understand how FN could be tailored to address this variability in effectiveness, we set forth to explore proposed adaptations to FN by both navigators and families who received FN. METHODS This study was a nested qualitative study set within a larger randomized clinical trial of FN to improve access to autism diagnostic services in urban pediatric primary care practices in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut serving low-income, racial and ethnic minority families. Following FN implementation, key informant interviews were conducted based on the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded (FRAME) with a purposeful sample of parents of children who received FN (n = 21) and navigators (n = 7). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and were coded using framework-guided rapid analysis to categorize proposed adaptations to FN. RESULTS Parents and navigators proposed 38 adaptations in four domains: 1) content of the intervention (n = 18), 2) context of the intervention (n = 10), 3) training and evaluation (n = 6), and 4) implementation and scale-up (n = 4). The most frequently endorsed adaptation recommendations focused on content (e.g., lengthening FN, providing parents with additional education on autism and parenting children with autism) and implementation (e.g., increasing access to navigation). Although probes targeted critical feedback, parents and navigators were overwhelmingly positive about FN. CONCLUSIONS This study builds upon prior FN effectiveness and implementation research by providing concrete areas for adaptation and refinement of the intervention. Recommendations by parents and navigators have the potential to inform improvement of existing navigation programs and development of new programs in similarly underserved populations. These findings are critical as adaptation (cultural and otherwise) is an important principle in the field of health equity. Ultimately, adaptations will need to be tested to determine clinical and implementation effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT02359084, February 9, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Plyce Fuchu
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | | | - Miya Barnett
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Emily Feinberg
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Lin C, Ni Q, Jia R, Chang Y, Qi Y. The mediating role of perceived social support: alexithymia and parental burnout in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1139618. [PMID: 37359855 PMCID: PMC10290202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1139618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parental burnout is a concept that reflects the emotional exhaustion and emotional distance of parents from children due to their inability to cope with the pressure of parenting. It has been confirmed that parents of autistic children are at higher risk for parental burnout. Additional research has suggested a relationship between parental burnout and parents' personality traits. However, the relationship between alexithymia, an independent personality factor, with parental burnout is little to none. Objective To look into the connection between parental burnout and alexithymia among parents of autistic children. Method Three hundred and one parents were approached for recruitment and data were collected from 203 parents through a cross-sectional survey assessing parental burnout, alexithymia status, and perceived social support. Because the data is not normally distributed, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rho(p) was used to assess the correlation between the variables; and then using AMOS to analyze the mediating effects of perceived social support and the moderating effect of gender. Result The result showed that (1) There is a negative association between alexithymia with parental burnout (β = 0.6, p < 0.01), while perceive social support was the negative predictor of alexithymia (β = -0.45, p < 0.01) and parental burnout (β = -0.26, p < 0.01); (2) perceive social support partially mediated the relationship between alexithymia and parental burnout of parents of autistic children, which can explain 16.3% of the total effect; (3) Gender plays a moderating role in the first half of the indirect effect of alexithymia on parental burnout, as evidenced by the significant difference in path coefficients between the male and female models (male: β = -0.10, p < 0.05; female: β = -0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusion Health professionals and policymakers should be aware of parental burnout among parents of autistic children in China and take early intervention steps. Furthermore, they should recognize the negative impact of alexithymia and the positive impact of social support when developing plans to alleviate parental burnout in children with autism, with a particular focus on mothers with alexithymia, who are more likely to experience low social support and burnout than fathers with alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Lin
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Lin
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingnan Ni
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Jia
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chang
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YuanPing Qi
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Qinghai Women and Children’s Hospital, Xining, China
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Ağırkan M, Koç M, Avcı ÖH. How effective are group-based psychoeducation programs for parents of children with ASD in Turkey? A systematic review and meta-analysis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 139:104554. [PMID: 37301054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent research shows that group-based psychoeducation programs designed for parents of children with ASD have grown in popularity over time. The international evidence for the effectiveness of psychoeducation programs designed for parents of children with ASD in developed societies emphasizes the importance of providing a synthesis of the effectiveness of programs in developing societies. This study's primary aim is to assess the efficacy of group-based psychoeducation programs in Turkey for parents of children with ASD. The second aim is to investigate how the programs are influenced by the potential moderators (type of involvement, research design, number of sessions, duration of sessions, and number of participants). For these purposes, a database search was conducted that included group-based psychoeducation programs for parents of children with ASD implemented in Turkey. Twelve group-based psychoeducation programs that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The results showed that group-based psychoeducation programs for parents of children with ASD had "medium" effects on psychological symptoms [ES(SE) = 0.65 (.08), 95%CI (0.48-0.81)], "low" effects on social skills [ES(SE) = 0.32 (.16), 95%CI (0.02-0.62)], and "high" effects on well-being [ES(SE) = 1.05 (.19), 95%CI (0.66-1.43)]. According to moderator analyses, the type of involvement and the number of sessions were statistically significant moderators of psychological symptoms, but not the research design, duration of sessions, or number of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ağırkan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 23200 Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Muharrem Koç
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hacettepe University, 06530 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Haskan Avcı
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hacettepe University, 06530 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dababnah S, Reyes C, Kim I, Badawi DG, Chung Y, Shaia WE. Pilot Trial of a Peer-to-Peer Psychoeducational Intervention for Parents of Black Children Awaiting a Developmental Evaluation. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2023; 44:e370-e378. [PMID: 37099652 PMCID: PMC10258154 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the short-term impact on child, family, and parent outcomes of a peer-to-peer psychoeducational intervention, Parents Taking Action (PTA) for Black families of children awaiting developmental-behavioral pediatric evaluations. METHODS We targeted parents and other primary caregivers of Black children aged 8 years or younger awaiting a developmental or autism evaluation at an academic tertiary care hospital. Using a single-arm design, we recruited participants directly from the appointment waitlist and used flyers in local pediatric and subspecialty clinics. Eligible participants received a version of PTA adapted for Black children in two 6-week modules delivered synchronously online. In addition to initial baseline demographic data, we collected 4 standardized measures of parent stress and depression, family outcomes (e.g., advocacy), and child behavior at preintervention, midintervention, and postintervention. We calculated effect sizes and used linear mixed models to examine changes over time. RESULTS Fifteen participants completed PTA, the majority of whom were Black mothers with annual household incomes <$50,000. All children were Black and mostly boys, with an average age of 4.6 years. Parent depression, the family outcome total score, and 3 family outcomes (understanding child's strengths, needs, and abilities; knowing rights and advocating for child; and helping child develop and learn) significantly improved pre-post intervention, with medium to large effect sizes. Furthermore, the family outcome total score and "knowing rights and advocating for child" outcome significantly increased by midintervention ( d = 0.62-0.80). CONCLUSION Peer-delivered interventions can result in positive outcomes for families awaiting diagnostic evaluations. Further research is needed to confirm findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dababnah
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work
| | - Charina Reyes
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine
| | - Irang Kim
- Tulane University, School of Social Work
| | | | - Yoonzie Chung
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work
| | - Wendy E. Shaia
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work
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Adaptation of Parents Raising a Child with ASD: The Role of Positive Perceptions, Coping, Self-efficacy, and Social Support. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1224-1242. [PMID: 35507296 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the adaptation of parents raising a child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) specifically the contributory role of positive perceptions, coping, self-efficacy, and social support. One hundred and thirty-six parents of children with a diagnosis of ASD completed a battery of self-report questionnaires via an online survey. Using multiple regression analyses positive perceptions, adaptive coping, self-efficacy, and social support were each a significant contributor to one or more positive adaptation outcomes. Multiple moderated regression analysis found no evidence that these factors were significant moderators between behavioural problems and parental adaptation. The implications of these findings in supporting parents raising a child with ASD are outlined.
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Markfeld JE, Feldman JI, Bordman SL, Daly C, Santapuram P, Humphreys KL, Keçeli-Kaysılı B, Woynaroski TG. Associations Between Caregiver Stress and Language Outcomes in Infants With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings: An Exploratory Study. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:190-205. [PMID: 36525624 PMCID: PMC10023184 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caregivers of autistic children present with high stress levels, which have been associated with poorer child outcomes in several domains, including language development. However, prior to this study, it was unknown whether elevated caregiver stress was associated with language development in infant siblings of autistic children (Sibs-autism), who are at increased likelihood of receiving a future diagnosis of autism and/or language impairment compared to infant siblings of non-autistic children. This study explored the degree to which, as well as the mechanisms by which, caregiver stress was linked with later language outcomes of Sibs-autism and infant siblings of non-autistic children (Sibs-NA). METHOD Participants were 50 infants (28 Sibs-autism; 22 Sibs-NA) aged 12-18 months at the first time point in this study (Time 1). Infants were seen again 9 months later, at 21-27 months of age (Time 2). Caregiver stress was measured via a validated self-report measure at Time 1. Caregiver language input, the putative mechanism by which caregiver stress may influence later language outcomes, was collected via two daylong recordings from digital recording (Language ENvironment Analysis) devices worn by the child at this same time point. Child language outcomes were measured via standardized and caregiver report measures at Time 2. RESULTS Several models testing hypothesized indirect effects of caregiver stress on later child language outcomes through caregiver language input were statistically significant. Specifically, significant indirect effects suggest that (a) caregivers with increased stress tend to speak less to their infants, and (b) this reduced language input tends to covary with reduced child language outcomes later in life for Sibs-autism and Sibs-NA. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into links between caregiver stress, caregiver language input, and language outcomes in Sibs-autism and Sibs-NA. Further work is necessary to understand how to best support caregivers and optimize the language learning environments for infants. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21714368.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob I. Feldman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Samantha L. Bordman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Claire Daly
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Pooja Santapuram
- Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kathryn L. Humphreys
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bahar Keçeli-Kaysılı
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tiffany G. Woynaroski
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Zhao J, Lu Y, Wu X, Zhou F, Fei F, Wu X, Ding X, Wang M. Bibliometric analysis of research themes and trends in childhood autism spectrum disorders from 2012 to 2021. Front Public Health 2022; 10:925475. [PMID: 36117596 PMCID: PMC9470932 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.925475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions that affect people worldwide. Early diagnosis and clinical support help achieve good outcomes. However, medical system structure and restricted resource availability create challenges that increase the risk of poor outcomes. Understanding the research progress of childhood ASD in recent years, based on clinical literature reports, can give relevant researchers and rehabilitation therapists more resonable research guides. Objective This bibliometric study aimed to summarize themes and trends in research on childhood ASD and to suggest directions for future enquiry. Methods Citations were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database on childhood ASD published from 1 January 2012, to 31 December 2021. The retrieved information was analyzed using CiteSpace.5.8. R3, and VOS viewer. Results A total of 7,611 papers were published across 103 areas. The United States was the leading source of publications. The clusters that have continued into 2020 include coronavirus disease 2019, gut microbiota, and physical activity, which represent key research topics. Keywords with frequency spikes during 2018-2021 were "disabilities monitoring network," "United States," and "caregiver." Conclusions The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network in the United States can be used as a reference for relevant workers worldwide. An intelligent medical assistant system is being developed. Further studies are required to elucidate challenges associated with caring for a child with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xingyang Wu
- Department of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fujun Zhou
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fangqin Fei
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Ding
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Minli Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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13
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Fang Y, Luo J, Boele M, Windhorst D, van Grieken A, Raat H. Parent, child, and situational factors associated with parenting stress: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022:10.1007/s00787-022-02027-1. [PMID: 35876894 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Parenting stress has been related to adverse health outcomes in parents, children, and their families. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of parental, child, and situational factors related to parenting stress in mothers and fathers. We searched Embase, Medline Epub (Ovid), PsychInfo (Ovid), Web of Science, and Google scholar for studies published between January 1980 and May 2021 evaluating the association between at least one factor and parenting stress. Studies were included only if they reported the association in a general population sample of mothers and fathers with children aged 0-12 years. The parent-child relationship model by Abidin guided the data synthesis. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a variety of fields. In total, 29 studies were included with excellent quality (55%), good (31%), and adequate (14%) methodological quality. There was evidence of an association between maternal depression, child overall problems, child externalizing and internalizing problems, social support, maternal educational level and maternal parenting stress. Evidence was inconsistent for an association between maternal anxiety, family income and maternal parenting stress. There was no evidence of an association for maternal age, child sex and maternal parenting stress. Several modifiable factors (i.e., parental depression and social support) were identified that might guide the development of preventive interventions. Future research should employ longitudinal study designs evaluating protective and risk factors and the pathways that lead to parenting stress, among both fathers and mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Boele
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Department, Franciscus Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dafna Windhorst
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- TNO Child Health, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Martin AM, Marin DG, McIntyre LL, Neece C. Familism and Parenting Stress in Latinx Caregivers of Young Children with Developmental Delays. FAMILY JOURNAL (ALEXANDRIA, VA.) 2022; 30:411-418. [PMID: 38645896 PMCID: PMC11031259 DOI: 10.1177/10664807211052480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have documented the difficult experience of raising a child with a developmental delay (DD; DeGrace et al., 2014) but the majority of research has focused on non-Latinx White families and their experiences in childrearing and interacting with service providers (Hayes & Watson, 2013; Blanche et al., 2015). Additionally, stigma associated with mental illness and DD disproportionally affects Latinx communities (Burke et al., 2019). Familism plays a unique role among families of Latinx backgrounds (Moore, 1970; Coohey, 2001) and may act as a buffer to caregiver mental health. The current study aims to (1) determine the association between affiliate stigma and parenting stress among Latinx parents of young children with DD and (2) test whether familism moderates the relationship between affiliate stigma and parenting stress. Results revealed that the relationship between affiliate stigma and parenting stress was strongest in caregivers who reported low levels of familism, suggesting that familism may act as a buffer. More research is needed to further unpack the protective factors of familism on caregiver mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Martin
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University and Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside
| | - Diane G Marin
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University and Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside
| | - Laura Lee McIntyre
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University and Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside
| | - Cameron Neece
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University and Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside
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15
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Coping with stress of mothers of children with disorders belonging to autism spectrum. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between coping styles in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the severity of their children’s symptoms.
Material and method: The study included a group of 70 women raising children with a medical diagnosis of ASD. The children with the aforementioned pervasive developmental disorders were from 5 to 16 years old and were patients of the Mental Health Centre in Kielce, Poland. A study involved: our own survey; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) by R. Goodman; the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) questionnaire by Endler and Parker; the Sense of Coherence Scale SOC-29 by Antonovsky; the Set of Questionnaires for the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASRS) by S. Goldstein and J. A. Naglieri.
Results: The mothers’ preference for emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles was found to correlate significantly with their low sense of coherence and the severity of their child’s ASD symptoms measured with ASRS and SDQ.
Conclusions: 1. Emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles were associated with a low sense of coherence in the surveyed women.
2. The mothers’ preference for emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles was associated with increased ASD symptoms, more severe emotional and behavioral deficits and poorer peer interactions in their children.
3. The mothers’ preference for problem-focused coping correlated with a low severity of their children’s social and communication deficits.
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16
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Guillon Q, Baduel S, Bejarano-Martín Á, Canal-Bedia R, MagÁn-Maganto M, FernÁndez-Álvarez C, Martín-Cilleros MV, SÁnchez-Gómez MC, García-Primo P, Rose-Sweeney M, Boilson A, LinertovÁ R, Roeyers H, Van der Paelt S, Schendel D, Warberg CK, Cramer S, Narzisi A, Muratori F, Scattoni ML, Moilanen I, Yliherva A, Saemundsen E, Jonsdottir SL, Efrim-Budisteanu M, Arghir A, Papuc SM, Vicente A, Rasga C, Xenia Kafka J, Poustka L, Kothgassner OD, Kawa R, Pisula E, Sellers T, Posada de la Paz M, Rogé B. Determinants of satisfaction with the detection process of autism in Europe: Results from the ASDEU study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:2136-2150. [PMID: 35261293 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221080318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Professional guidance and support in response to first concerns appears to be an important predictor of the level of satisfaction with the detection process of autism in young children. In this study, we analyzed the views of 1342 family members, including 1278 parents, who completed an online survey form collecting information about their experience and satisfaction with the early detection of autism in their child. Specifically, we were interested in how specific experiences with the detection process relate to the satisfaction with it and whether we could identify important predictors of satisfaction. The detection process is an emotionally charged period for parents, often described as painful, chaotic, and lengthy. A better understanding of their experiences is important to take appropriate action to improve the detection process. In our sample, the level of satisfaction with the detection process varied greatly from one respondent to another. Among the different experiences we considered, whether or not respondents received professional guidance and support in response to first concerns explained most of this variation. We also found that difficulty finding information about detection services, lack of professional guidance and support in response to first concerns, having to find a diagnostic service on one's own, and longer delays between confirmation of concerns and first appointment with a specialist were experiences associated with a greater likelihood of being unsatisfied. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the parent-professional relationship in the detection process and have important practical implications for health administrations to improve the detection process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata LinertovÁ
- Canary Island Foundation for Health Research (Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria/FUNCANIS) and Health Service Research Network for Chronic Diseases (Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas/REDISSEC), Spain
| | | | | | - Diana Schendel
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.,Aarhus University, Denmark.,Drexel University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irma Moilanen
- University of Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Aurora Arghir
- Victor Babes - National Institute of Pathology, Romania
| | | | - Astrid Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal
| | - Celia Rasga
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal
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17
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Olson L, Chen B, Ibarra C, Wang T, Mash L, Linke A, Kinnear M, Fishman I. Externalizing Behaviors are Associated with Increased Parenting Stress in Caregivers of Young Children with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:975-986. [PMID: 33837887 PMCID: PMC9847471 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report higher levels of stress than parents of typically developing children. Few studies have examined factors associated with parental stress in early childhood. Even fewer have investigated the simultaneous influence of sociodemographic, clinical, and developmental variables on parental stress. We examined factors associated with stress in parents of young children with ASD. Multiple regression models were used to test for associations between socioeconomic indices, developmental measures, and parental stress. Externalizing behaviors, communication, and socialization skills accounted for variance in parental stress, controlling for ASD diagnosis. Results highlight the importance of interventions aimed at reducing externalizing behaviors in young children as well as addressing stress in caregivers of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Olson
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA,San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA
| | - Bosi Chen
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA,San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA
| | - Cynthia Ibarra
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Tiffany Wang
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Lisa Mash
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA,San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA
| | - Annika Linke
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Mikaela Kinnear
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Inna Fishman
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA,San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA
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18
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Wang Z, Wang L, Chang S, Wang H. The Mediating Effect of Parenting Stress on the Relationship Between Social Support and Quality of Life in Parents of Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:713620. [PMID: 35250654 PMCID: PMC8891381 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.713620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to investigate whether parenting stress mediate the relationship between social support and quality of life in parents of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. In addition, we examined what other variables moderate the relationships in this mediation model. METHODS Using the two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach (MASEM), 44 correlation matrices were synthesized from 28 empirical studies (N = 13,270) and fitted to the hypothesized mediation model. RESULTS There is a significant partial mediation effect of parenting stress on the relationship between social support and quality of life. Subgroup analysis through the first stage analysis suggested that social support measurements, parental role, and child's age moderated the relationship between social support and parenting stress, and that the focus of quality of life moderated the relationship between social support and quality of life. Subgroup analysis through the second stage analysis indicated that parenting stress had a significantly stronger predictive effect on quality of life in Western culture, while the predictive effect of social support on quality of life was significantly stronger in Eastern culture. CONCLUSION Having more social support can reduce parents' stress and then improving their quality of life, which can help them cope more positively and effectively with their autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wang
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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19
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Enav Y, Hardan AY, Gross JJ. Cognitive reappraisal training for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:995669. [PMID: 36386964 PMCID: PMC9650555 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.995669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience higher stress levels than those of typically developing children. The goal of the current study was to examine whether a mentalization-based intervention would enhance parental cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive form of emotion regulation associated with lower levels of stress. Findings from 27 parents who completed a short training indicated an improvement in cognitive reappraisal. In exploratory analyses, two different types of reappraisal were examined. The intervention-related improvement was found mainly with one type of reappraisal, namely reflective reappraisal that consist of cognitive reappraisal with mentalization characteristics. In light of the evidence indicating that high cognitive reappraisal and high reflective functioning are associated with quality caregiving, findings from the current study suggesting that a brief mentalization-based intervention supports ASD parents' cognitive reappraisal with mentalization characteristics are promising and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Enav
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Antonio Y Hardan
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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20
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Christopoulou M, Drosos K, Petinou K. Recent Advances of Telepractice for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Speech and Language Pathology. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2379-2389. [PMID: 36268266 PMCID: PMC9578460 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s384300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Telepractice or teletherapy is defined as the means of service delivery via technology-based platforms that allow long-distance interventions across populations, age spans, and geographical locations. Specifically, telepractice capitalizes on communication technologies such as online modules, videoconferencing, and computerized software programs, in servicing populations with communication challenges. Notably, telepractice has emerged as a potentially effective, low-cost, and promising means of conducting and completing online assessment, diagnosis, and intervention sessions for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Moreover, telepractice allows the inclusion of parents, caregivers, and educators as potential facilitators in supporting treatment delivery in populations with ASD. This thematic review article aims to highlight and acquaint practitioners and other stakeholders with relatively recent information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the telepractice service delivery model in ASD. Furthermore, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted service delivery in the field of Health Sciences including speech and language pathology (SLP). Consequently, the need to avoid face-to-face therapy sessions, recommended to SLPs as to all health practitioners, resulted in the call for adaptation and adjustment of service telepractice. This paper attempts to answer this call by suggesting supplementing traditional diagnostic and therapy resources with training modules consisting of online materials and use of animated and specially designed programs in SLP intervention with individuals with ASD. Lastly, the paper includes a discussion of research findings in the field, a conclusion, and a take-home message.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Christopoulou
- Speech and Language Pathology Program, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Drosos
- Speech and Language Pathology Program, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kakia Petinou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Nicosia, Cyprus
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21
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Family Impact During the Time Between Autism Screening and Definitive Diagnosis. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4908-4920. [PMID: 34797470 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) risk has dramatically increased due to the wide-spread implementation of screening programs; yet, there is limited understanding about parent perceptions and experiences during the time period when risk is identified, but prior to receiving a formal diagnosis-a period that can last months to years given the long wait-lists for formal ASD evaluations. The current study aimed to examine parent perceptions of family impact (i.e., the impact their child's behaviors have on the family) between the time of risk-identification and formal diagnosis among 277 children identified as at-risk for ASD through screening positive in primary care. We aimed to compare family impact among those whose child met diagnostic criteria for ASD and those who did not. Parents of children who received a non-ASD diagnosis reported a higher baseline level of family impact (F[1, 274] = 5.82, p = .017); however, perceived difficult child behavior was a stronger predictor of family impact (t[6] = 13.11, p < .001) than later diagnostic group (t[6] = - 2.10, p = .037), and child functioning did not predict family impact (t[6] = -0.31, p = .76). These results suggest that in this population, perceived difficult child behavior is a stronger predictor of family impact than later diagnostic category and should be considered an important factor in family support.
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22
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Dick CC, Ibañez LV, DesChamps TD, Attar SM, Stone WL. Brief Report: Perceptions of Family-Centered Care Across Service Delivery Systems and Types of Caregiver Concerns About Their Toddlers' Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4181-4190. [PMID: 34510314 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Family-centered care represents a collaborative partnership between caregivers and service providers, and is associated with positive caregiver and child outcomes. This approach may be especially important for caregivers with early concerns about autism, as service providers are often the gateway to appropriately-specialized intervention. Perceptions of family-centered care received from primary care providers (PCPs) and Part C Early Intervention (EI) providers were rated by two groups of caregivers: those concerned about autism (n = 37) and those concerned about another developmental problem (n = 22), using the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20). Ratings did not differ across caregiver groups, but both groups rated EI providers significantly higher than PCPs, which may reflect systems-level differences between primary care and EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Dick
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Lisa V Ibañez
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Trent D DesChamps
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shana M Attar
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wendy L Stone
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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23
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Kuhn J, Levinson J, Udhnani MD, Wallis K, Hickey E, Bennett A, Fenick AM, Feinberg E, Broder-Fingert S. What Happens After a Positive Primary Care Autism Screen Among Historically Underserved Families? Predictors of Evaluation and Autism Diagnosis. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021; 42:515-523. [PMID: 33631787 PMCID: PMC8380258 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Families, pediatric providers, and service systems would benefit from expanded knowledge regarding (1) who is most likely to receive a recommended diagnostic evaluation after a positive primary care-administered autism screen and (2) of those who screen positive, who is most likely to be diagnosed with autism? METHOD Participants included 309 predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority parents and their child, aged 15 to 27 months, who screened positive on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F). Generalized estimating equations were used to fit models of predictors for each binary outcome: receiving a diagnostic evaluation and receiving an autism diagnosis on evaluation. RESULTS Significant predictors of diagnostic evaluation receipt included the parent being older or non-Hispanic and the child having private insurance, lower child communication functioning, or receiving Early Intervention services. Significant predictors of an autism diagnosis on evaluation included male child, lower child communication functioning, screening directly in the parent's preferred language, White/non-Hispanic parent, and no parent history of mood disorder. CONCLUSION Children with younger parents, Hispanic ethnicity, relatively higher communication skills, public insurance, and no Early Intervention services were less likely to receive recommended diagnostic care. Reduced likelihood of autism diagnosis after a positive screen in non-White/non-Hispanic subgroups supports previous research indicating issues with M-CHAT-R/F positive predictive power for racial/ethnic minorities. The use of telephonic interpreters to administer screens, as opposed to directly screening in families' preferred languages, may lead to identification of fewer true autism cases. Thus, multilingual clinical staff capacity may improve positive predictive power of autism screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kate Wallis
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Emily Feinberg
- Boston University School of Public Health
- Boston University School of Medicine
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24
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Hickey EJ, Stransky M, Kuhn J, Rosenberg JE, Cabral HJ, Weitzman C, Broder-Fingert S, Feinberg E. Parent stress and coping trajectories in Hispanic and non-Hispanic families of children at risk of autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 25:1694-1708. [PMID: 33908306 PMCID: PMC8324513 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Little is known about parent experiences throughout the diagnostic process for autism or how these parent experiences may help explain the disparities that exist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic families in time-to-diagnosis among children identified as at risk for autism. The current study examined trajectories of parenting stress, coping, and perceived family impact over time, throughout the autism diagnostic process among Hispanic and non-Hispanic families. Hispanic families reported lower levels of parenting stress, coping, and negative family impact across time. Further, there were differences in the change in use of coping and the amount of negative family impact reported between Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents over time. These differences shed light on the unique experiences and strengths of Hispanic families demonstrate. Interventions that leverage those strengths and focus on education, empowerment, and resilience might be particularly beneficial for Hispanic families and may also better inform work to increase resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emily Feinberg
- Boston Medical Center, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine
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25
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Ebadi M, Samadi SA, Mardani-Hamooleh M, Seyedfatemi N. Living under psychosocial pressure: Perception of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2021; 34:212-218. [PMID: 33734525 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience higher levels of stress compared to mothers of typically developing children. This study identified mothers' perceptions of the stress caused by lifelong caregiving to a child with ASD. METHODS The current study was conducted in Iran using qualitative methods. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-seven mothers. Content analysis was used to analyze and categorize the data. FINDINGS The main categories included (1) psychological concerns and suffering and (2) sociocultural challenges. The first category consisted of two subcategories, including disruption in mother-child relationships and fears and worries. Also, the second category included subcategories of cultural constraints and lack of social support. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the mothers of autistic children experienced psychosocial pain. Identifying the stressors for these mothers could lead to appropriate planning to provide psychological, social, and cultural support for them in Iranian society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ebadi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Ali Samadi
- Department of Nursing and Health Research, Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, The Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marjan Mardani-Hamooleh
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naima Seyedfatemi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Voliovitch Y, Leventhal JM, Fenick AM, Gupta AR, Feinberg E, Hickey EJ, Shabanova V, Weitzman C. Parenting Stress and its Associated Components Prior to an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Diagnostic Evaluation. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:3432-3442. [PMID: 33387245 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04804-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show increased levels of parenting stress, but only one study has examined this association before a diagnostic evaluation. We conducted a cross-sectional study of parenting stress in 317 low SES parents with children at-risk for ASD before a diagnostic evaluation. Multiple regression modeling evaluated the associations between parenting stress and parent and child factors. Parenting stress was negatively associated with social support and positively associated with active avoidance coping and parental worry. However, parenting stress was not associated with the child's ASD symptom severity or adaptive functioning, except for self-direction. Findings suggest parenting stress among parents of children at risk of ASD should be assessed prior to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Voliovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John M Leventhal
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ada M Fenick
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abha R Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Feinberg
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily J Hickey
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | | | - Carol Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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