1
|
Lu X, Song Y, Wang J, Cai Y, Peng S, Lin J, Lai B, Sun J, Liu T, Chen G, Xing L. Developmental dopaminergic signaling modulates neural circuit formation and contributes to autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related phenotypes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00086-5. [PMID: 38492733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology. Recent evidence suggests that dopamine plays a crucial role in neural development. However, it remains unclear whether and how disrupted dopaminergic signaling during development contributes to ASD. In this study, human brain RNA-seq transcriptome analysis revealed a significant correlation between changes in dopaminergic signaling pathways and neural developmental signaling in ASD patients. In the zebrafish model, disrupted developmental dopaminergic signaling led to neural circuit abnormalities and behavior reminiscent of autism. Dopaminergic signaling may impact neuronal specification by potentially modulating integrins. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the link between disrupted developmental dopamine signaling and ASD, and they point to the possibility of targeting dopaminergic signaling in early development for ASD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yixing Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yunyun Cai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Siwan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiaqi Lin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Biqin Lai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Lingyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaydlin M, Cruz A, Bez Y, Coffey BJ. A Targeted Combined Pharmacotherapy Approach for Aggressive Behavior in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2023; 33:195-199. [PMID: 37339440 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.29241.bjc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Zaydlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alyssa Cruz
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yasin Bez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Barbara J Coffey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
D’Elia A, Schiavi S, Manduca A, Rava A, Buzzelli V, Ascone F, Orsini T, Putti S, Soluri A, Galli F, Soluri A, Mattei M, Cicconi R, Massari R, Trezza V. FMR1 deletion in rats induces hyperactivity with no changes in striatal dopamine transporter availability. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22535. [PMID: 36581671 PMCID: PMC9800572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in early life characterized by impairments in social interaction, poor verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive patterns of behaviors. Among the best-known genetic risk factors for ASD, there are mutations causing the loss of the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP) leading to Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common form of inherited intellectual disability and the leading monogenic cause of ASD. Being a pivotal regulator of motor activity, motivation, attention, and reward processing, dopaminergic neurotransmission has a key role in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including ASD. Fmr1 Δexon 8 rats have been validated as a genetic model of ASD based on FMR1 deletion, and they are also a rat model of FXS. Here, we performed behavioral, biochemical and in vivo SPECT neuroimaging experiments to investigate whether Fmr1 Δexon 8 rats display ASD-like repetitive behaviors associated with changes in striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability assessed through in vivo SPECT neuroimaging. At the behavioral level, Fmr1 Δexon 8 rats displayed hyperactivity in the open field test in the absence of repetitive behaviors in the hole board test. However, these behavioral alterations were not associated with changes in striatal DAT availability as assessed by non-invasive in vivo SPECT and Western blot analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D’Elia
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy ,grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavi
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Manduca
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rava
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Buzzelli
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ascone
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Orsini
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy
| | - Sabrina Putti
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy
| | - Andrea Soluri
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy ,grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Galli
- grid.7841.aNuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Soluri
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biology and Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale-Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale, “Tor Vergata” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Cicconi
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biology and Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale-Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale, “Tor Vergata” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Janner DE, Gomes NS, Poetini MR, Poleto KH, Musachio EAS, de Almeida FP, de Matos Amador EC, Reginaldo JC, Ramborger BP, Roehrs R, Prigol M, Guerra GP. Oxidative stress and decreased dopamine levels induced by imidacloprid exposure cause behavioral changes in a neurodevelopmental disorder model in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:79-89. [PMID: 34000340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are responsible for behavioral deficits in children. Imidacloprid is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, capable of causing behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster, similar to the ADHD-like phenotypes. We assess whether behavioral damage induced by imidacloprid exposure in Drosophila melanogaster is associated with neurochemical changes and whether these changes are similar to those observed in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and ADHD. The fruit flies were divided into four groups, exposed to either a standard diet (control) or a diet containing imidacloprid (200, 400 or 600 ρM) and allowed to mate for 7 days. After hatching, the progeny was subjected to in vivo and ex vivo tests. The ones exposed to imidacloprid showed an increase in hyperactivity, aggressiveness, anxiety and repetitive movements, as well as, a decrease in social interaction. Furthermore, exposure to imidacloprid decreased dopamine levels, cell viability and increased oxidative stress in the flies' progeny. These results demonstrated that the behavioral damage induced by imidacloprid exposure involves a reduction in dopamine levels and oxidative stress and that these neurochemical changes are in line with the events that occur in ASD and ADHD-like phenotypes in other models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieniffer Espinosa Janner
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Savedra Gomes
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rósula Poetini
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Kétnne Hanna Poleto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli Polet de Almeida
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Elen Caroline de Matos Amador
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Jocemara Corrêa Reginaldo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Piaia Ramborger
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Prática de Ensino (GIPPE), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Prática de Ensino (GIPPE), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, 97508-000, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Facial Emotion Recognition and Polymorphisms of Dopaminergic Pathway Genes in Children with ASD. Behav Neurol 2020; 2020:6376842. [PMID: 33204361 PMCID: PMC7657692 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6376842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is inconclusive whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience a deficit in facial emotion recognition. The dopaminergic pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. This study was aimed at determining facial emotion recognition and its correlation with polymorphisms in the dopaminergic pathway genes in children with ASD. Methods Facial emotion recognition was examined in 98 children with ASD and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The severity of ASD was evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). DNA from blood cells was used to analyze the genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopaminergic pathway genes. SNPs of DBH rs1611115, DDC rs6592961, DRD1 rs251937, DRD2 rs4630328, and DRD3 rs167771 were analyzed. Results Children with ASD took a significantly longer time to recognize all facial emotions, and their interpretations were less accurate for anger at low intensity and fear at both low and high intensities. The severity of the disease was associated with significant delays in recognition of all facial emotions and with a decrease in accuracy in recognition of happiness and anger at low intensity. Accuracy in recognizing fear at high intensity and sadness at low intensity was associated with rs251937 and rs4630328, respectively, in children with ASD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SNP rs167771, response time for the recognition of happiness, sadness and fear, and accuracy in recognition of anger and fear were all associated with the risk of childhood ASD. Conclusions Children with ASD experience a deficit in facial emotion recognition. Certain SNPs in the dopaminergic pathway genes are associated with accuracy in recognizing selective facial emotions in children with ASD.
Collapse
|
6
|
DiCarlo GE, Aguilar JI, Matthies HJ, Harrison FE, Bundschuh KE, West A, Hashemi P, Herborg F, Rickhag M, Chen H, Gether U, Wallace MT, Galli A. Autism-linked dopamine transporter mutation alters striatal dopamine neurotransmission and dopamine-dependent behaviors. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3407-3419. [PMID: 31094705 DOI: 10.1172/jci127411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise regulation of synaptic dopamine (DA) content by the dopamine transporter (DAT) ensures the phasic nature of the DA signal, which underlies the ability of DA to encode reward prediction error, thereby driving motivation, attention, and behavioral learning. Disruptions to the DA system are implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, more recently, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An ASD-associated de novo mutation in the SLC6A3 gene resulting in a threonine to methionine substitution at site 356 (DAT T356M) was recently identified and has been shown to drive persistent reverse transport of DA (i.e. anomalous DA efflux) in transfected cells and to drive hyperlocomotion in Drosophila melanogaster. A corresponding mutation in the leucine transporter, a DAT-homologous transporter, promotes an outward-facing transporter conformation upon substrate binding, a conformation possibly underlying anomalous dopamine efflux. Here we investigated in vivo the impact of this ASD-associated mutation on DA signaling and ASD-associated behaviors. We found that mice homozygous for this mutation display impaired striatal DA neurotransmission and altered DA-dependent behaviors that correspond with some of the behavioral phenotypes observed in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny I Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Heinrich Jg Matthies
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Vanderbilt University Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kyle E Bundschuh
- Vanderbilt University Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Freja Herborg
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Rickhag
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hao Chen
- DRI Biosciences Corp., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Vanderbilt University Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Margari L, Palumbi R, Peschechera A, Craig F, de Giambattista C, Ventura P, Margari F. Sex-Gender Comparisons in Comorbidities of Children and Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:159. [PMID: 30971962 PMCID: PMC6445051 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, new studies focused their attention on the gender-related features in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFA), often leading to controversial results. Another interesting aspect of these subtype of patients is linked to the complexity of clinical presentation, where besides core symptoms, other co-occurrence disorders may complicate the diagnostic evaluation. Therefore, we retrospectively studied 159 HFA patients, male and female, investigating their comorbidities and to find any gender difference. For each patient, were evaluated the presence/absence, type and gender distribution of psychopathological comorbidities, according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The total sample was divided in 100 male and 59 female patients, age and intelligence quotient matched. In our sample, the psychiatric comorbidities observed were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Anorexia Nervosa. No statistical significant differences were found between male and female HFA patients comorbidities except for Anorexia Nervosa. In both male and female patients, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders were found in high percentage. In conclusion, our investigation showed that a statistical significant difference of comorbidity between male and female HFA patients was found only for AN diagnosis. However, the question about the distinction between female and male HFA patients remains quite interesting and an open area of research for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Margari
- Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Palumbi
- Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Peschechera
- Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Craig
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Developmental Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Concetta de Giambattista
- Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ventura
- Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Margari
- Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heritable genotype contrast mining reveals novel gene associations specific to autism subgroups. J Biomed Inform 2017; 77:50-61. [PMID: 29197649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Though the genetic etiology of autism is complex, our understanding can be improved by identifying genes and gene-gene interactions that contribute to the development of specific autism subtypes. Identifying such gene groupings will allow individuals to be diagnosed and treated according to their precise characteristics. To this end, we developed a method to associate gene combinations with groups with shared autism traits, targeting genetic elements that distinguish patient populations with opposing phenotypes. Our computational method prioritizes genetic variants for genome-wide association, then utilizes Frequent Pattern Mining to highlight potential interactions between variants. We introduce a novel genotype assessment metric, the Unique Inherited Combination support, which accounts for inheritance patterns observed in the nuclear family while estimating the impact of genetic variation on phenotype manifestation at the individual level. High-contrast variant combinations are tested for significant subgroup associations. We apply this method by contrasting autism subgroups defined by severe or mild manifestations of a phenotype. Significant associations connected 286 genes to the subgroups, including 193 novel autism candidates. 71 pairs of genes have joint associations with subgroups, presenting opportunities to investigate interacting functions. This study analyzed 12 autism subgroups, but our informatics method can explore other meaningful divisions of autism patients, and can further be applied to reveal precise genetic associations within other phenotypically heterogeneous disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernández M, Mollinedo-Gajate I, Peñagarikano O. Neural Circuits for Social Cognition: Implications for Autism. Neuroscience 2017; 370:148-162. [PMID: 28729065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Social neuroscience, the study of the neurobiological basis of social behavior, has become a major area of current research in behavioral neuroscience and psychiatry, since many psychiatric disorders are characterized by social deficits. Social behavior refers to the behavioral response with regard to socially relevant information, and requires the perception and integration of social cues through a complex cognition process (i.e. social cognition) that involves attention, memory, motivation and emotion. Neurobiological and molecular mechanisms underlying social behavior are highly conserved across species, and inter- and intra-specific variability observed in social behavior can be explained to large extent by differential activity of this conserved neural network. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have greatly informed about the brain structures and their connectivity networks that are important for social cognition. Animal research has been crucial for identifying specific circuits and molecular mechanisms that modulate this structural network. From a molecular neurobiology perspective, activity in these brain structures is coordinated by neuronal circuits modulated by several neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Thus, quantitative variation in the levels, release and/or receptor density of these molecules could affect the observed behavioral response. The present review presents an overall framework of the components of the social brain circuitry and its modulation. By integrating multiple research approaches, from human fMRI studies to animal models we can start shedding light into how dysfunction in these circuits could lead to disorders of social-functioning such as Autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Irene Mollinedo-Gajate
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Olga Peñagarikano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Emamalizadeh B, Jamshidi J, Movafagh A, Ohadi M, khaniani MS, Kazeminasab S, Biglarian A, Taghavi S, Motallebi M, Fazeli A, Ahmadifard A, Shahidi GA, Petramfar P, Shahmohammadibeni N, Dadkhah T, Khademi E, Tafakhori A, Khaligh A, Safaralizadeh T, Kowsari A, Mirabzadeh A, Zarneh AES, Khorrami M, Shokraeian P, Banavandi MJS, Lima BS, Andarva M, Alehabib E, Atakhorrami M, Darvish H. RIT2 Polymorphisms: Is There a Differential Association? Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2234-2240. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Rahbar MH, Samms-Vaughan M, Ma J, Bressler J, Loveland KA, Hessabi M, Dickerson AS, Grove ML, Shakespeare-Pellington S, Beecher C, McLaughlin W, Boerwinkle E. Interaction between GSTT1 and GSTP1 allele variants as a risk modulating-factor for autism spectrum disorders. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2015; 12:1-9. [PMID: 25685181 PMCID: PMC4322427 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We used data from 111 pairs of age- and sex-matched ASD cases and typically developing (TD) controls between 2-8 years of age from Jamaica to investigate the role of GST pi 1 (GSTP1), GST theta 1 (GSTT1), and GST mu 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms in susceptibility to ASD. In univariable conditional logistic regression models we did not observe significant associations between ASD status and GSTT1, GSTM1, or GSTP1 genotype (all P > 0.15). However, in multivariable conditional logistic regression models, we identified a significant interaction between GSTP1 and GSTT1 in relation to ASD. Specifically, in children heterozygous for the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism, the odds of ASD was significantly higher in those with the null GSTT1 genotype than those with the other genotypes [Matched Odds Ratio (MOR) = 2.97, 95% CI (1.09, 8.01), P = 0.03]. Replication in other populations is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Rahbar
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, and Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, and Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Maureen Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, and Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Katherine A. Loveland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Aisha S. Dickerson
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Megan L. Grove
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Compton Beecher
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Wayne McLaughlin
- Caribbean Genetics (CARIGEN), The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wigton R, Radua J, Allen P, Averbeck B, Meyer-Lindenberg A, McGuire P, Shergill SS, Fusar-Poli P. Neurophysiological effects of acute oxytocin administration: systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled imaging studies. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:E1-22. [PMID: 25520163 PMCID: PMC4275335 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OXT) plays a prominent role in social cognition and may have clinical applications for disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and social anxiety. The neural basis of its mechanism of action remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of placebo-controlled imaging studies using OXT as a pharmacological manipulator of brain activity. RESULTS We identified a total of 21 studies for inclusion in our review, and after applying additional selection criteria, 11 of them were included in our fMRI voxel-based meta-analysis. The results demonstrate consistent alterations in activation of brain regions, including the temporal lobes and insula, during the processing of social stimuli, with some variation dependent on sex and task. The meta-analysis revealed significant left insular hyperactivation after OXT administration, suggesting a potential modulation of neural circuits underlying emotional processing. LIMITATIONS This quantitative review included only a limited number of studies, thus the conclusions of our analysis should be interpreted cautiously. This limited sample size precluded a more detailed exploration of potential confounding factors, such as sex or other demographic factors, that may have affected our meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Oxytocin has a wide range of effects over neural activity in response to social and emotional processing, which is further modulated by sex and task specificity. The magnitude of this neural activation is largest in the temporal lobes, and a meta-analysis across all tasks and both sexes showed that the left insula demonstrated the most robust activation to OXT administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Wigton
- Correspondence to: R. Wigton, Cognition and Schizophrenia Imaging Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park Rd., London, UK, SE5 8AF;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gillies G, Virdee K, McArthur S, Dalley J. Sex-dependent diversity in ventral tegmental dopaminergic neurons and developmental programing: A molecular, cellular and behavioral analysis. Neuroscience 2014; 282:69-85. [PMID: 24943715 PMCID: PMC4245713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge that diverse populations of dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) can be distinguished in terms of their molecular, electrophysiological and functional properties, as well as their differential projections to cortical and subcortical regions has significance for key brain functions, such as the regulation of motivation, working memory and sensorimotor control. Almost without exception, this understanding has evolved from landmark studies performed in the male sex. However, converging evidence from both clinical and pre-clinical studies illustrates that the structure and functioning of the VTA dopaminergic systems are intrinsically different in males and females. This may be driven by sex differences in the hormonal environment during adulthood ('activational' effects) and development (perinatal and/or pubertal 'organizational' effects), as well as genetic factors, especially the SRY gene on the Y chromosome in males, which is expressed in a sub-population of adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Stress and stress hormones, especially glucocorticoids, are important factors which interact with the VTA dopaminergic systems in order to achieve behavioral adaptation and enable the individual to cope with environmental change. Here, also, there is male/female diversity not only during adulthood, but also in early life when neurobiological programing by stress or glucocorticoid exposure differentially impacts dopaminergic developmental trajectories in male and female brains. This may have enduring consequences for individual resilience or susceptibility to pathophysiological change induced by stressors in later life, with potential translational significance for sex bias commonly found in disorders involving dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic systems. These findings highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of the sexual dimorphism in the VTA if we are to improve strategies for the prevention and treatment of debilitating conditions which differentially affect men and women in their prevalence and nature, including schizophrenia, attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety, depression and addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G.E. Gillies
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK,Corresponding author. Address: Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. Tel: +44-(0)-20-7594-7050.
| | - K. Virdee
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - S. McArthur
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 6BQ, UK
| | - J.W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hill’s Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bowton E, Saunders C, Reddy IA, Campbell NG, Hamilton PJ, Henry LK, Coon H, Sakrikar D, Veenstra-VanderWeele JM, Blakely RD, Sutcliffe J, Matthies HJG, Erreger K, Galli A. SLC6A3 coding variant Ala559Val found in two autism probands alters dopamine transporter function and trafficking. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e464. [PMID: 25313507 PMCID: PMC4350523 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence associates dysfunction in the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) with the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The human DAT (hDAT; SLC6A3) rare variant with an Ala to Val substitution at amino acid 559 (hDAT A559V) was previously reported in individuals with bipolar disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have demonstrated that this variant is hyper-phosphorylated at the amino (N)-terminal serine (Ser) residues and promotes an anomalous DA efflux phenotype. Here, we report the novel identification of hDAT A559V in two unrelated ASD subjects and provide the first mechanistic description of its impaired trafficking phenotype. DAT surface expression is dynamically regulated by DAT substrates including the psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH), which causes hDAT trafficking away from the plasma membrane. The integrity of DAT trafficking directly impacts DA transport capacity and therefore dopaminergic neurotransmission. Here, we show that hDAT A559V is resistant to AMPH-induced cell surface redistribution. This unique trafficking phenotype is conferred by altered protein kinase C β (PKCβ) activity. Cells expressing hDAT A559V exhibit constitutively elevated PKCβ activity, inhibition of which restores the AMPH-induced hDAT A559V membrane redistribution. Mechanistically, we link the inability of hDAT A559V to traffic in response to AMPH to the phosphorylation of the five most distal DAT N-terminal Ser. Mutation of these N-terminal Ser to Ala restores AMPH-induced trafficking. Furthermore, hDAT A559V has a diminished ability to transport AMPH, and therefore lacks AMPH-induced DA efflux. Pharmacological inhibition of PKCβ or Ser to Ala substitution in the hDAT A559V background restores AMPH-induced DA efflux while promoting intracellular AMPH accumulation. Although hDAT A559V is a rare variant, it has been found in multiple probands with neuropsychiatric disorders associated with imbalances in DA neurotransmission, including ADHD, bipolar disorder, and now ASD. These findings provide valuable insight into a new cellular phenotype (altered hDAT trafficking) supporting dysregulated DA function in these disorders. They also provide a novel potential target (PKCβ) for therapeutic interventions in individuals with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bowton
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Saunders
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - I A Reddy
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - N G Campbell
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P J Hamilton
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L K Henry
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - H Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Sakrikar
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J M Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R D Blakely
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Sutcliffe
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H J G Matthies
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,N-PISA Neuroscience Program In Substance Abuse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB3, Room 7124, Nashville, TN 37232, USA E-mail: or
| | - K Erreger
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,N-PISA Neuroscience Program In Substance Abuse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB3, Room 7124, Nashville, TN 37232, USA E-mail: or
| | - A Galli
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,N-PISA Neuroscience Program In Substance Abuse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB3, Room 7130A, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
De novo mutation in the dopamine transporter gene associates dopamine dysfunction with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1315-23. [PMID: 23979605 PMCID: PMC4046646 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
De novo genetic variation is an important class of risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, whole-exome sequencing of ASD families has identified a novel de novo missense mutation in the human dopamine (DA) transporter (hDAT) gene, which results in a Thr to Met substitution at site 356 (hDAT T356M). The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a presynaptic membrane protein that regulates dopaminergic tone in the central nervous system by mediating the high-affinity reuptake of synaptically released DA, making it a crucial regulator of DA homeostasis. Here, we report the first functional, structural and behavioral characterization of an ASD-associated de novo mutation in the hDAT. We demonstrate that the hDAT T356M displays anomalous function, characterized as a persistent reverse transport of DA (substrate efflux). Importantly, in the bacterial homolog leucine transporter, substitution of A289 (the homologous site to T356) with a Met promotes an outward-facing conformation upon substrate binding. In the substrate-bound state, an outward-facing transporter conformation is required for substrate efflux. In Drosophila melanogaster, the expression of hDAT T356M in DA neurons-lacking Drosophila DAT leads to hyperlocomotion, a trait associated with DA dysfunction and ASD. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that alterations in DA homeostasis, mediated by aberrant DAT function, may confer risk for ASD and related neuropsychiatric conditions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoo HJ, Cho IH, Park M, Yang SY, Kim SA. Association of the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms with Korean autism spectrum disorders. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1403-6. [PMID: 24015051 PMCID: PMC3763120 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.9.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the family-based genetic association between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT), which was found among 151 Korean ASDs family trios (dominant model Z = 2.598, P = 0.009, P FDR = 0.045). We found a statistically significant allele transmission or association in terms of the rs6269 SNP in the ASDs trios. Moreover, in the haplotype analysis, the haplotypes with rs6269 demonstrated significant evidence of an association with ASDs (additive model rs6269-rs4818-rs4680-rs769224 haplotype P = 0.004, P FDR = 0.040). Thus, an association may exist between the variants of the COMT gene and the occurrence of ASDs in Koreans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Hee Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - So Young Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanna F, Argiolas A, Melis MR. Oxytocin-induced yawning: sites of action in the brain and interaction with mesolimbic/mesocortical and incertohypothalamic dopaminergic neurons in male rats. Horm Behav 2012; 62:505-14. [PMID: 22981942 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (80 ng) induces yawning when injected into the caudal part of the ventral tegmental area, the hippocampal ventral subiculum and the posteromedial nucleus of the amygdala of male rats. The behavioural response occurred concomitantly with an increase in the concentration of extracellular dopamine and its main metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the dialysate obtained from the shell of the nucleus accumbens and of the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex by means of intracerebral microdialysis. Both oxytocin responses were significantly reduced by d(CH₂)₅Tyr(Me)²-Orn⁸-vasotocin, a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist, injected in the above brain areas 15 min before oxytocin. Similar results were obtained by activating central oxytocinergic neurons originating in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and projecting to the ventral tegmental area, the hippocampus and the amygdala, with the dopamine agonist apomorphine given at a dose that induces yawning when injected into the paraventricular nucleus. Since oxytocin is considered a key regulator of emotional and social reward that enhances amygdala-dependent, socially reinforced learning and emotional empathy, mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine neurons play a key role in motivation and reward, and yawning in mammals is considered a primitive, unconscious form of empathy, the present results support the hypothesis that oxytocinergic neurons originating in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and projecting to the above brain areas and mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic neurons participate in the complex neural circuits that play a role in the above mentioned functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Section, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of Cagliari, and Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari Section, 09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Glutathione pathway gene variation and risk of autism spectrum disorders. J Neurodev Disord 2011; 3:132-43. [PMID: 21484198 PMCID: PMC3188290 DOI: 10.1007/s11689-011-9077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence that autism is highly heritable with estimates of 15 or more genes involved, few studies have directly examined associations of multiple gene interactions. Since inability to effectively combat oxidative stress has been suggested as a mechanism of autism, we examined genetic variation 42 genes (308 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) related to glutathione, the most important antioxidant in the brain, for both marginal association and multi-gene interaction among 318 case–parent trios from The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange. Models of multi-SNP interactions were estimated using the trio Logic Regression method. A three-SNP joint effect was observed for genotype combinations of SNPs in glutaredoxin, glutaredoxin 3 (GLRX3), and cystathione gamma lyase (CTH); OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 2.36, 6.04. Marginal associations were observed for four genes including two involved in the three-way interaction: CTH, alcohol dehydrogenase 5, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, catalytic subunit and GLRX3. These results suggest that variation in genes involved in counterbalancing oxidative stress may contribute to autism, though replication is necessary.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bidwell LC, Willcutt EG, McQueen MB, DeFries JC, Olson RK, Smith SD, Pennington BF. A family based association study of DRD4, DAT1, and 5HTT and continuous traits of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Genet 2011; 41:165-74. [PMID: 21207241 PMCID: PMC3674022 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite its high heritability, genetic association studies of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often resulted in somewhat small, inconsistent effects. Refining the ADHD phenotype beyond a dichotomous diagnosis and testing associations with continuous information from the underlying symptom dimensions may result in more consistent genetic findings. This study further examined the association between ADHD and the DRD4, DAT1, and 5HTT genes by testing their association with multivariate phenotypes derived from continuous measures of ADHD symptom severity. DNA was collected in 202 families consisting of at least one ADHD proband and at least one parent or sibling. VNTR polymorphisms of the DRD4 and DAT1 genes were significantly associated with the continuous ADHD phenotype. The association with DRD4 was driven by both inattentive and hyperactive symptoms, while the association with DAT1 was driven primarily by inattentive symptoms. These results use novel methods to build upon important connections between dopamine genes and their final behavioral manifestation as symptoms of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dopamine and oxytocin interactions underlying behaviors: potential contributions to behavioral disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2010; 16:e92-123. [PMID: 20557568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neuromodulator that exerts widespread effects on the central nervous system (CNS) function. Disruption in dopaminergic neurotransmission can have profound effects on mood and behavior and as such is known to be implicated in various neuropsychiatric behavioral disorders including autism and depression. The subsequent effects on other neurocircuitries due to dysregulated dopamine function have yet to be fully explored. Due to the marked social deficits observed in psychiatric patients, the neuropeptide, oxytocin is emerging as one particular neural substrate that may be influenced by the altered dopamine levels subserving neuropathologic-related behavioral diseases. Oxytocin has a substantial role in social attachment, affiliation and sexual behavior. More recently, it has emerged that disturbances in peripheral and central oxytocin levels have been detected in some patients with dopamine-dependent disorders. Thus, oxytocin is proposed to be a key neural substrate that interacts with central dopamine systems. In addition to psychosocial improvement, oxytocin has recently been implicated in mediating mesolimbic dopamine pathways during drug addiction and withdrawal. This bi-directional role of dopamine has also been implicated during some components of sexual behavior. This review will discuss evidence for the existence dopamine/oxytocin positive interaction in social behavioral paradigms and associated disorders such as sexual dysfunction, autism, addiction, anorexia/bulimia, and depression. Preliminary findings suggest that whilst further rigorous testing has to be conducted to establish a dopamine/oxytocin link in human disorders, animal models seem to indicate the existence of broad and integrated brain circuits where dopamine and oxytocin interactions at least in part mediate socio-affiliative behaviors. A profound disruption to these pathways is likely to underpin associated behavioral disorders. Central oxytocin pathways may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve mood and socio-affiliative behaviors in patients with profound social deficits and/or drug addiction.
Collapse
|
21
|
Benke KS, Fallin MD. Methods: genetic epidemiology. Clin Lab Med 2010; 30:795-814. [PMID: 20832653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the potential benefits of gene identification in psychiatry, genetic epidemiology has become a mainstream discipline within the field. This article discusses the main tools for gene discovery. The focus is on the designs and analytic approaches for each of these methods. Because most gene discovery has now moved to genetic association studies, and most recently to genome-wide association studies, the focus is on methods for this design. Also highlighted are the current challenges of genetic epidemiology as a prelude to future approaches that may be applied to psychiatric disorders in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Benke
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, W6033, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Benke KS, Fallin MD. Methods: genetic epidemiology. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2010; 33:15-34. [PMID: 20159338 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the potential benefits of gene identification in psychiatry, genetic epidemiology has become a mainstream discipline within the field. This article discusses the main tools for gene discovery. The focus is on the designs and analytic approaches for each of these methods. Because most gene discovery has now moved to genetic association studies, and most recently to genome-wide association studies, the focus is on methods for this design. Also highlighted are the current challenges of genetic epidemiology as a prelude to future approaches that may be applied to psychiatric disorders in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Benke
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rommelse NNJ, Franke B, Geurts HM, Hartman CA, Buitelaar JK. Shared heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 19:281-95. [PMID: 20148275 PMCID: PMC2839489 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-010-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence indicates both disorders co-occur with a high frequency, in 20-50% of children with ADHD meeting criteria for ASD and in 30-80% of ASD children meeting criteria for ADHD. This review will provide an overview on all available studies [family based, twin, candidate gene, linkage, and genome wide association (GWA) studies] shedding light on the role of shared genetic underpinnings of ADHD and ASD. It is concluded that family and twin studies do provide support for the hypothesis that ADHD and ASD originate from partly similar familial/genetic factors. Only a few candidate gene studies, linkage studies and GWA studies have specifically addressed this co-occurrence, pinpointing to some promising pleiotropic genes, loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the research field is in urgent need for better designed and powered studies to tackle this complex issue. We propose that future studies examining shared familial etiological factors for ADHD and ASD use a family-based design in which the same phenotypic (ADHD and ASD), candidate endophenotypic, and environmental measurements are obtained from all family members. Multivariate multi-level models are probably best suited for the statistical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanda N J Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kfoury C, Brown R, Simoncic PD. Editorial. Mcgill J Med 2009; 12:1. [PMID: 21264045 PMCID: PMC2997244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
25
|
Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Anderson BM, Brown KD, Wright HH, Abramson RK, Cuccaro ML, Gilbert JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. Examination of tetrahydrobiopterin pathway genes in autism. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:753-7. [PMID: 19674121 PMCID: PMC2784255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a complex disorder with a high degree of heritability and significant phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Although candidate gene studies and genome-wide screens have failed to identify major causal loci associated with autism, numerous studies have proposed association with several variations in genes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Because tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the essential cofactor in the synthesis of these two neurotransmitters, we genotyped 25 SNPs in nine genes of the BH4 pathway in a total of 403 families. Significant nominal association was detected in the gene for 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, PTS (chromosome 11), with P = 0.009; this result was not restricted to an affected male-only subset. Multilocus interaction was detected in the BH4 pathway alone, but not across the serotonin, dopamine and BH4 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Schnetz-Boutaud
- Center for Human Genetics Research and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|