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Kappen C, Kruger C, Jones S, Salbaum JM. Nutrient Transporter Gene Expression in the Early Conceptus—Implications From Two Mouse Models of Diabetic Pregnancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:777844. [PMID: 35478964 PMCID: PMC9035823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.777844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes in early pregnancy increases the risk for birth defects in the offspring, particularly heart, and neural tube defects. While elevated glucose levels are characteristic for diabetic pregnancies, these are also accompanied by hyperlipidemia, indicating altered nutrient availability. We therefore investigated whether changes in the expression of nutrient transporters at the conception site or in the early post-implantation embryo could account for increased birth defect incidence at later developmental stages. Focusing on glucose and fatty acid transporters, we measured their expression by RT-PCR in the spontaneously diabetic non-obese mouse strain NOD, and in pregnant FVB/N mouse strain dams with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Sites of expression in the deciduum, extra-embryonic, and embryonic tissues were determined by RNAscope in situ hybridization. While maternal diabetes had no apparent effects on levels or cellular profiles of expression, we detected striking cell-type specificity of particular nutrient transporters. For examples, Slc2a2/Glut2 expression was restricted to the endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac, while Slc2a1/Glut1 expression was limited to the mesodermal compartment; Slc27a4/Fatp4 and Slc27a3/Fatp3 also exhibited reciprocally exclusive expression in the endodermal and mesodermal compartments of the yolk sac, respectively. These findings not only highlight the significance of nutrient transporters in the intrauterine environment, but also raise important implications for the etiology of birth defects in diabetic pregnancies, and for strategies aimed at reducing birth defects risk by nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kappen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Claudia Kappen,
| | - Claudia Kruger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sydney Jones
- Regulation of Gene Expression, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - J. Michael Salbaum
- Regulation of Gene Expression, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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2
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Song X, Wei J, Shu J, Liu Y, Sun M, Zhu P, Qin J. Association of polymorphisms of FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene and maternal folic acid supplementation with risk of ventricular septal defect: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1273-1280. [PMID: 35273364 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It was the first time to examine the role of maternal polymorphisms of FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene, as well as their interactions with maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS), in the risk of ventricular septal defect (VSD). METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 385 mothers of VSD infants and 652 controls. The exposures of interest were FAS and FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene polymorphisms. The logistic regression model was used for accessing the strength of association. RESULTS After controlling for the potential confounders, women who did not utilize folic acid had a substantially higher risk of VSD (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.43), compared to those who did. We also observed genetic polymorphisms of FOLR1 gene at rs2071010 (GA vs. GG: aOR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.45 to 0.88) and rs11235462 (AA vs. TT: aOR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.33 to 0.84), as well as FOLR2 gene at rs651646 (AA vs. TT: aOR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.30 to 0.70), rs2298444 (CC vs. TT: aOR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36 to 0.91) and rs514933 (TC vs. TT: aOR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.78) were associated with a lower risk of VSD. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant interaction between maternal FAS and genetic polymorphisms at rs514933 on the risk of VSD (FDR_P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The maternal genetic polymorphisms of the FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene, as well as FAS and their interactions, were shown to be significantly associated with the risk of VSD in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of clinical epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Jia L, Li J, Li P, Liu D, Li J, Shen J, Zhu B, Ma C, Zhao T, Lan R, Dang L, Li W, Sun S. Site-specific glycoproteomic analysis revealing increased core-fucosylation on FOLR1 enhances folate uptake capacity of HCC cells to promote EMT. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6905-6921. [PMID: 34093861 PMCID: PMC8171077 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as an important step toward high invasion and metastasis of many cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the mechanism for EMT promotion is still ambiguous. Methods: The dynamic alterations of site-specific glycosylation during HGF/TGF-β1-induced EMT process of three HCC cell lines were systematically investigated using precision glycoproteomic methods. The possible roles of EMT-related glycoproteins and site-specific glycans were further confirmed by various molecular biological approaches. Results: Using mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic methods, we totally identified 2306 unique intact glycopeptides from SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell lines, and found that core-fucosylated glycans were accounted for the largest proportion of complex N-glycans. Through quantification analysis of intact glycopeptides, we found that the majority of core-fucosylated intact glycopeptides from folate receptor α (FOLR1) were up-regulated in the three HGF-treated cell lines. Similarly, core-fucosylation of FOLR1 were up-regulated in SMMC-7721 and Hep3B cells with TGF-β1 treatment. Using molecular approaches, we further demonstrated that FUT8 was a driver for HGF/TGF-β1-induced EMT. The silencing of FUT8 reduced core-fucosylation and partially blocked the progress of HGF-induced EMT. Finally, we confirmed that the level of core-fucosylation on FOLR1 especially at the glycosite Asn-201 positively regulated the cellular uptake capacity of folates, and enhanced uptake of folates could promote the EMT of HCC cells. Conclusions: Based on the results, we proposed a potential pathway for HGF or TGF-β1-induced EMT of HCC cells: HGF or TGF-β1 treatment of HCC cells can increase the expression of glycosyltransferase FUT8 to up-regulate the core-fucosylation of N-glycans on glycoproteins including the FOLR1; core-fucosylation on FOLR1 can then enhance the folate uptake capacity to finally promote the EMT progress of HCC cells.
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Seelan RS, Mukhopadhyay P, Philipose J, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Gestational folate deficiency alters embryonic gene expression and cell function. Differentiation 2020; 117:1-15. [PMID: 33302058 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid is a nutrient essential for embryonic development. Folate deficiency can cause embryonic lethality or neural tube defects and orofacial anomalies. Folate receptor 1 (Folr1) is a folate binding protein that facilitates the cellular uptake of dietary folate. To better understand the biological processes affected by folate deficiency, gene expression profiles of gestational day 9.5 (gd9.5) Folr1-/- embryos were compared to those of gd9.5 Folr1+/+ embryos. The expression of 837 genes/ESTs was found to be differentially altered in Folr1-/- embryos, relative to those observed in wild-type embryos. The 837 differentially expressed genes were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Among the major biological functions affected in Folr1-/- mice were those related to 'digestive system development/function', 'cardiovascular system development/function', 'tissue development', 'cellular development', and 'cell growth and differentiation', while the major canonical pathways affected were those associated with blood coagulation, embryonic stem cell transcription and cardiomyocyte differentiation (via BMP receptors). Cellular proliferation, apoptosis and migration were all significantly affected in the Folr1-/- embryos. Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) and neural tube explants, grown under folate-deficient conditions, exhibited marked reduction in directed migration that can be attributed, in part, to an altered cytoskeleton caused by perturbations in F-actin formation and/or assembly. The present study revealed that several developmentally relevant biological processes were compromised in Folr1-/- embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Seelan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development & Anomalies, University of Louisville Dental School, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - P Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development & Anomalies, University of Louisville Dental School, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - J Philipose
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development & Anomalies, University of Louisville Dental School, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - R M Greene
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development & Anomalies, University of Louisville Dental School, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - M M Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development & Anomalies, University of Louisville Dental School, 501 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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Scaranti M, Cojocaru E, Banerjee S, Banerji U. Exploiting the folate receptor α in oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:349-359. [PMID: 32152484 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Folate receptor α (FRα) came into focus as an anticancer target many decades after the successful development of drugs targeting intracellular folate metabolism, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed. Binding to FRα is one of several methods by which folate is taken up by cells; however, this receptor is an attractive anticancer drug target owing to the overexpression of FRα in a range of solid tumours, including ovarian, lung and breast cancers. Furthermore, using FRα to better localize effective anticancer therapies to their target tumours using platforms such as antibody-drug conjugates, small-molecule drug conjugates, radioimmunoconjugates and, more recently, chimeric antigen receptor T cells could further improve the outcomes of patients with FRα-overexpressing cancers. FRα can also be harnessed for predictive biomarker research. Moreover, imaging FRα radiologically or in real time during surgery can lead to improved functional imaging and surgical outcomes, respectively. In this Review, we describe the current status of research into FRα in cancer, including data from several late-phase clinical trials involving FRα-targeted therapies, and the use of new technologies to develop FRα-targeted agents with improved therapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Scaranti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susana Banerjee
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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López‐Escobar B, Wlodarczyk BJ, Caro‐Vega J, Lin Y, Finnell RH, Ybot‐González P. The interaction of maternal diabetes with mutations that affect folate metabolism and how they affect the development of neural tube defects in mice. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:900-917. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López‐Escobar
- Neurodevelopment Research GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville/Hospital Virgen del Rocio/US/CSIC Sevilla Spain
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and MedicineBaylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Jose Caro‐Vega
- Neurodevelopment Research GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville/Hospital Virgen del Rocio/US/CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and MedicineBaylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and MedicineBaylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Patricia Ybot‐González
- Neurodevelopment Research GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville/Hospital Virgen del Rocio/US/CSIC Sevilla Spain
- Department of Neurology and NeurofisiologyHospital Virgen de Macarena Sevilla Spain
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7
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Lukacs M, Roberts T, Chatuverdi P, Stottmann RW. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and remodeling are required for neural tube closure, heart development, and cranial neural crest cell survival. eLife 2019; 8:45248. [PMID: 31232685 PMCID: PMC6611694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors attach nearly 150 proteins to the cell membrane. Patients with pathogenic variants in GPI biosynthesis genes develop diverse phenotypes including seizures, dysmorphic facial features and cleft palate through an unknown mechanism. We identified a novel mouse mutant (cleft lip/palate, edema and exencephaly; Clpex) with a hypo-morphic mutation in Post-Glycophosphatidylinositol Attachment to Proteins-2 (Pgap2), a component of the GPI biosynthesis pathway. The Clpex mutation decreases surface GPI expression. Surprisingly, Pgap2 showed tissue-specific expression with enrichment in the brain and face. We found the Clpex phenotype is due to apoptosis of neural crest cells (NCCs) and the cranial neuroepithelium. We showed folinic acid supplementation in utero can partially rescue the cleft lip phenotype. Finally, we generated a novel mouse model of NCC-specific total GPI deficiency. These mutants developed median cleft lip and palate demonstrating a previously undocumented cell autonomous role for GPI biosynthesis in NCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Lukacs
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Tia Roberts
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Praneet Chatuverdi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
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8
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Manea E. A step closer in defining glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins role in health and glycosylation disorders. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 16:67-75. [PMID: 30094187 PMCID: PMC6080220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) represent a class of soluble proteins attached to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane by a post-translation modification, the GPI anchor. The 28 genes currently involved in the synthesis and remodelling of the GPI anchor add to the ever-growing class of congenital glycosylation disorders. Recent advances in next generation sequencing technology have led to the discovery of Mabry disease and CHIME syndrome genetic aetiology. Moreover, with each described mutation known phenotypes expand and new ones emerge without clear genotype-phenotype correlation. A protein database search was made for human GPI-APs with defined pathology to help building-up a physio-pathological mechanism from a clinical perspective. GPI-APs function in vitamin-B6 and folate transport, nucleotide metabolism and lipid homeostasis. Defining GPI-APs role in disease bears significant clinical implications.
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Maldonado E, López Y, Herrera M, Martínez-Sanz E, Martínez-Álvarez C, Pérez-Miguelsanz J. Craniofacial structure alterations of foetuses from folic acid deficient pregnant mice. Ann Anat 2018; 218:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Ma FF, Cao DD, Ouyang S, Tang R, Liu Z, Li Y, Wu J. Hypermethylation of AKT2 gene is associated with neural-tube defects in fetus. Placenta 2016; 48:80-86. [PMID: 27871477 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neural-tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects of complex etiology. Although many studies have confirmed a genetic component, the exact mechanism between DNA methylation and NTDs remains unclear. METHODS In this work, we investigated the alteration of methylation from placental tissues obtained from 152 normal infants or with NTDs in 130 children with neural-tube defects. Genome-wide changes in DNA methylation were measured using the NimbleGen microarray. The expression levels of 12 genes were also determined, and two genes (AKT2 and CDC25C) showed low expression in NTDs by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Then, the methyhlated region of AKT2 promoter sequences were confirmed by massARRAY. RESULTS A total of 150 differentially methylated regions (81 low methylated regions and 69 high methylated regions) were selected by microarray. The expression levels of AKT2 and CDC25C showed lower expression in NTDs. And the percentage of methyhlated region of AKT2 promoter were increased in NTDs. CONCLUSIONS DNA mythelation was one of the possible epigenetic variations correlated with the occurrence of NTDs, and AKT2 may be a candidate gene for NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei Ma
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ding Ding Cao
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shengrong Ouyang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Renqiao Tang
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; Dept. of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China.
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Peng L, Dreumont N, Coelho D, Guéant JL, Arnold C. Genetic animal models to decipher the pathogenic effects of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Biochimie 2016; 126:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Pravenec M, Kožich V, Krijt J, Sokolová J, Zídek V, Landa V, Mlejnek P, Šilhavý J, Šimáková M, Škop V, Trnovská J, Kazdová L, Kajiya T, Wang J, Kurtz TW. Genetic Variation in Renal Expression ofFolate Receptor 1(Folr1) Gene Predisposes Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Metabolic Syndrome. Hypertension 2016; 67:335-41. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Viktor Kožich
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Jakub Krijt
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Václav Zídek
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Vladimír Landa
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Miroslava Šimáková
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Jaroslava Trnovská
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Takashi Kajiya
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Jiaming Wang
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
| | - Theodore W. Kurtz
- From the Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (M.P., V.Z., V.L., P.M., J.Š., M.Š.); Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (V.K., J.K., J.Š.); Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.Š., J.T., L.K.); and
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LaMantia AS, Moody SA, Maynard TM, Karpinski BA, Zohn IE, Mendelowitz D, Lee NH, Popratiloff A. Hard to swallow: Developmental biological insights into pediatric dysphagia. Dev Biol 2015; 409:329-42. [PMID: 26554723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric dysphagia-feeding and swallowing difficulties that begin at birth, last throughout childhood, and continue into maturity--is one of the most common, least understood complications in children with developmental disorders. We argue that a major cause of pediatric dysphagia is altered hindbrain patterning during pre-natal development. Such changes can compromise craniofacial structures including oropharyngeal muscles and skeletal elements as well as motor and sensory circuits necessary for normal feeding and swallowing. Animal models of developmental disorders that include pediatric dysphagia in their phenotypic spectrum can provide mechanistic insight into pathogenesis of feeding and swallowing difficulties. A fairly common human genetic developmental disorder, DiGeorge/22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) includes a substantial incidence of pediatric dysphagia in its phenotypic spectrum. Infant mice carrying a parallel deletion to 22q11DS patients have feeding and swallowing difficulties that approximate those seen in pediatric dysphagia. Altered hindbrain patterning, craniofacial malformations, and changes in cranial nerve growth prefigure these difficulties. Thus, in addition to craniofacial and pharyngeal anomalies that arise independently of altered neural development, pediatric dysphagia may result from disrupted hindbrain patterning and its impact on peripheral and central neural circuit development critical for feeding and swallowing. The mechanisms that disrupt hindbrain patterning and circuitry may provide a foundation to develop novel therapeutic approaches for improved clinical management of pediatric dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Sally A Moody
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Thomas M Maynard
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Beverly A Karpinski
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington D.C., USA
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Norman H Lee
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., USA
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The Phosphorylation State of GSK3β Serine 9 Correlated to the Development of Valproic Acid-Associated Fetal Cardiac Teratogenicity, Fetal VPA Syndrome, Rescued by Folic Acid Administration. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 16:34-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Li X, Li S, Mu D, Liu Z, Li Y, Lin Y, Chen X, You F, Li N, Deng K, Deng Y, Wang Y, Zhu J. The association between periconceptional folic acid supplementation and congenital heart defects: a case-control study in China. Prev Med 2013; 56:385-9. [PMID: 23480969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the association between folic acid (FA) supplementation and congenital heart defects (CHDs). METHODS This hospital-based case-control study initiated in 2010 in China analyzed 358 cases and 422 controls. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) calculated using a logistic model was used to assess the association between FA supplementation and CHDs. RESULTS Compared with a mother who reported no FA supplementation, mothers who reported FA supplementation were less likely to have offspring with isolated CHD(s) (AOR=0.52, 0.34-0.78) and multiple complex conditions (AOR=0.27, 0.14-0.55). However, mothers who reported FA supplementation for less than 1 month regardless of the start time of supplementation, did not have a significantly lower risk of having an offspring with isolated or multiple complex conditions. Mothers who reported FA supplementation for ≧3 months beginning before conception had a significantly lower risk of having children with isolated CHD(s) (AOR=0.31, 0.18-0.54). CONCLUSION FA-supplementation is associated with reduced risk of CHDs. The earlier FA supplementation begins before pregnancy and the longer supplementation lasts, the lower the risk of CHDs is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Lewandowski LB, Sanghavi D. Lack of association between folate receptor autoantibodies and conotruncal congenital heart defects. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34:512-7. [PMID: 22915140 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-012-0485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conotruncal cardiac defects are partially prevented by maternal folic acid supplementation. However, the biochemical mechanism is unknown. Maternal autoantibodies to folate receptors, previously associated with increased risk for neural tube defects, also may account for this effect. This study aimed to examine the titers of folate receptor-blocking autoantibodies in mothers of children with conotruncal congenital heart defects and to compare them with those in the general population. Serum samples were obtained from 22 women whose pregnancies were complicated by conotruncal congenital heart malformations. Groups of samples were analyzed for autoantibodies against [(3)H] folic acid-labeled folate receptors, quantitative amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM autoantibodies to the folate receptor, and for ability to block-bind folic acid to receptors. No elevated levels of antibodies binding to [(3)H] folic acid-labeled folate receptors were found. No difference was found in antifolate receptor alpha-IgG or IgM median levels between cases (261 vs. 240 μg/mL) and control subjects (773 vs. 924 μg/mL). There was no increased blocking of folic acid binding between cases [0.69 ng/mL; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.006-0.01] and control subjects (0.69 ng/mL; 95 % CI, 0.003-0.013). Although epidemiologic evidence suggests that periconceptual folic acid may prevent many conotruncal congenital heart defects, the current study suggests that this effect is unlikely to be explained by the presence of maternal autoantibodies to folate receptor. These data suggest that a strategy of screening women for such autoantibodies will not identify a high-risk group of women to target for supplemental folic acid to prevent congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Lewandowski
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue, North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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17
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Farkas SA, Böttiger AK, Isaksson HS, Finnell RH, Ren A, Nilsson TK. Epigenetic alterations in folate transport genes in placental tissue from fetuses with neural tube defects and in leukocytes from subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia. Epigenetics 2013; 8:303-16. [PMID: 23417011 PMCID: PMC3669122 DOI: 10.4161/epi.23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (T-DMR’s) in the folate transport genes in placental tissue compared with leukocytes, and from placental tissues obtained from normal infants or with neural tube defects (NTDs). Using pyrosequencing, we developed methylation assays for the CpG islands (CGIs) and the CGI shore regions of the folate receptor α (FOLR1), proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) genes. The T-DMRs differed in location for each gene and the difference in methylation ranged between 2 and 54%. A higher T-DMR methylated fraction was associated with a lower mRNA level of the FOLR1 and RFC1 genes. Methylation fractions differed according to RFC1 80G > A genotype in the NTD cases and in leukocytes from subjects with high total plasma homocysteine (tHcy). There were no differences in methylated fraction of folate transporter genes between NTD cases and controls. We suggest that T-DMRs participate in the regulation of expression of the FOLR1 and RFC1 genes, that the RFC1 80G > A polymorphism exerts a gene-nutrition interaction on DNA methylation in the RFC1 gene, and that this interaction appears to be most prominent in NTD-affected births and in subjects with high tHcy concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja A Farkas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
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18
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Rosenquist TH. Folate, Homocysteine and the Cardiac Neural Crest. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:201-18. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Rosenquist
- Department of Genetics; Cell Biology and Anatomy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; Nebraska
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19
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Yamaguchi Y, Miura M. How to form and close the brain: insight into the mechanism of cranial neural tube closure in mammals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:3171-86. [PMID: 23242429 PMCID: PMC3742426 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of the embryonic brain critically depends on successfully completing cranial neural tube closure (NTC). Failure to properly close the neural tube results in significant and potentially lethal neural tube defects (NTDs). We believe these malformations are caused by disruptions in normal developmental programs such as those involved in neural plate morphogenesis and patterning, tissue fusion, and coordinated cell behaviors. Cranial NTDs include anencephaly and craniorachischisis, both lethal human birth defects. Newly emerging methods for molecular and cellular analysis offer a deeper understanding of not only the developmental NTC program itself but also mechanical and kinetic aspects of closure that may contribute to cranial NTDs. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms involved in NTC and how they relate to the onset of specific NTDs in various experimental models may help us develop novel intervention strategies to prevent NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, and CREST, JST, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
The vitamin folate functions within the cell as a carrier of one-carbon units. The requirement for one-carbon transfers is ubiquitous and all mammalian cells carry out folate dependent reactions. In recent years, low folate status has been linked to risk of numerous adverse health conditions throughout life from birth defects and complications of pregnancy to cardiovascular disease, cancer and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In many instances inadequate intake of folate seems to be the primary contributor but there is also evidence that an underlying genetic susceptibility can play a modest role by causing subtle alterations in the availability, metabolism or distribution of intermediates in folate related pathways. Folate linked one-carbon units are essential for DNA synthesis and repair and as a source of methyl groups for biological methylation reactions. The notion of common genetic variants being linked to risk of disease was relatively novel in 1995 when the first functional folate-related polymorphism was discovered. Numerous polymorphisms have now been identified in folate related genes and have been tested for functionality either as a modifier of folate status or as being associated with risk of disease. Moreover, there is increasing research into the importance of folate-derived one-carbon units for DNA and histone methylation reactions, which exert crucial epigenetic control over cellular protein synthesis. It is thus becoming clear that genetic aspects of folate metabolism are wide-ranging and may touch on events as disparate as prenatal imprinting to cancer susceptibility. This chapter will review the current knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
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21
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Li J, Shi Y, Sun J, Zhang Y, Mao B. Xenopus reduced folate carrier regulates neural crest development epigenetically. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27198. [PMID: 22096536 PMCID: PMC3212533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy causes birth neurocristopathic malformations resulting from aberrant development of neural crest cells. The Reduced folate carrier (RFC) is a membrane-bound receptor for facilitating transfer of reduced folate into the cells. RFC knockout mice are embryonic lethal and develop multiple malformations, including neurocristopathies. Here we show that XRFC is specifically expressed in neural crest tissues in Xenopus embryos and knockdown of XRFC by specific morpholino results in severe neurocristopathies. Inhibition of RFC blocked the expression of a series of neural crest marker genes while overexpression of RFC or injection of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate expanded the neural crest territories. In animal cap assays, knockdown of RFC dramatically reduced the mono- and trimethyl-Histone3-K4 levels and co-injection of the lysine methyltransferase hMLL1 largely rescued the XRFC morpholino phenotype. Our data revealed that the RFC mediated folate metabolic pathway likely potentiates neural crest gene expression through epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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22
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Mayanil CS, Ichi S, Farnell BM, Boshnjaku V, Tomita T, McLone DG. Maternal intake of folic acid and neural crest stem cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2011; 87:143-73. [PMID: 22127242 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386015-6.00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal folic acid (FA) intake has beneficial effects in preventing neural tube defects and may also play a role in the prevention of adult onset diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia, neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebral ischemia. This review will focus on the effects of maternal FA intake on neural crest stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Although FA is generally considered beneficial, it has the potential of promoting cell proliferation at the expense of differentiation. In some situations, this may lead to miscarriage or postnatal developmental abnormalities. Therefore, a blind approach such as "FA for everyone" is not necessarily the best course of action. Ultimately, the best approach for FA supplementation, and potentially other nutritional supplements, will include customized patient genomic profiles for determining dose and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Mayanil
- Developmental Biology Program, Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Medical Center and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Pickell L, Brown K, Li D, Wang XL, Deng L, Wu Q, Selhub J, Luo L, Jerome-Majewska L, Rozen R. High intake of folic acid disrupts embryonic development in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 91:8-19. [PMID: 21254354 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid fortification and supplementation has increased folate intake and blood folate concentrations and successfully reduced the incidence of neural tube defects. However, the developmental consequences of high folate intake are unknown. This study investigated the impact of high folate intake, alone or with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency, on embryonic and placental development in mice. METHODS Mthfr +/+ or +/- pregnant mice on a control diet (CD; recommended intake of folic acid for rodents) or folic acid-supplemented diet (FASD; 20-fold higher than the recommended intake) were examined for embryonic loss, delay, and defects at 10.5 and 14.5 days post coitum (dpc); 10.5-dpc placenta, and 14.5-dpc embryo hearts were studied histologically. RESULTS Total plasma folate was 10-fold higher in FASD compared to CD mice; plasma homocysteine levels were not affected by diet. At 10.5 dpc, the FASD was associated with embryonic delay and growth retardation, and may confer susceptibility to embryonic defects. The FASD did not adversely affect 10.5-dpc placental development. At 14.5 dpc, embryos from the FASD Mthfr +/+ group were delayed and the FASD was associated with thinner ventricular walls in embryonic hearts. There was a significant interaction between maternal MTHFR deficiency and a high folate diet for several developmental outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that high folate intake may have adverse effects on fetal mouse development and that maternal MTHFR deficiency may improve or rescue some of the adverse outcomes. These findings underscore the need for additional studies on the potential negative impact of high folate intake during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pickell
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Obican SG, Finnell RH, Mills JL, Shaw GM, Scialli AR. Folic acid in early pregnancy: a public health success story. FASEB J 2010; 24:4167-74. [PMID: 20631328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-165084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin that must be obtained in the diet or through supplementation. For >50 yr, it has been known that folate plays an integral role in embryonic development. In mice, inactivation of genes in the folate pathway results in malformations of the neural tube, heart, and craniofacial structures. It has been shown that diets and blood levels of women who had a fetus with a neural tube defect are low for several micronutrients, particularly folate. Periconceptional use of folic acid containing supplements decreased recurrent neural tube defects in the offspring of women with a previously affected child and the occurrence of a neural tube defect and possibly other birth defects in the offspring of women with no prior history. Based on these findings, the U.S. Public Health Service recommended that all women at risk take folic acid supplements, but many did not. Mandatory food fortification programs were introduced in numerous countries, including the United States, to improve folate nutritional status and have resulted in a major decrease in neural tube defect prevalence. The success story of folate represents the cooperation of embryologists, experimentalists, epidemiologists, public health scientists, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Obican
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Ohsawa R, Kyuno T, Ohtani Y, Ohtani O. A case of double aortic arch accompanied by sub-aortic and pre-aortic left brachiocephalic veins and anomalous origin and course of left vertebral artery. Anat Sci Int 2010; 86:164-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-010-0078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rosenquist TH, Chaudoin T, Finnell RH, Bennett GD. High-affinity folate receptor in cardiac neural crest migration: A gene knockdown model using siRNA. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:1136-44. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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van Beynum IM, Kapusta L, Bakker MK, den Heijer M, Blom HJ, de Walle HE. Protective effect of periconceptional folic acid supplements on the risk of congenital heart defects: a registry-based case-control study in the northern Netherlands. Eur Heart J 2009; 31:464-71. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Han M, Serrano MC, Lastra-Vicente R, Brinez P, Acharya G, Huhta JC, Chen R, Linask KK. Folate rescues lithium-, homocysteine- and Wnt3A-induced vertebrate cardiac anomalies. Dis Model Mech 2009; 2:467-78. [PMID: 19638421 PMCID: PMC2737056 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (HCy), which results from folate (folic acid, FA) deficiency, and the mood-stabilizing drug lithium (Li) are both linked to the induction of human congenital heart and neural tube defects. We demonstrated previously that acute administration of Li to pregnant mice on embryonic day (E)6.75 induced cardiac valve defects by potentiating Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. We hypothesized that HCy may similarly induce cardiac defects during gastrulation by targeting the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway. Because dietary FA supplementation protects from neural tube defects, we sought to determine whether FA also protects the embryonic heart from Li- or HCy-induced birth defects and whether the protection occurs by impacting Wnt signaling. Maternal elevation of HCy or Li on E6.75 induced defective heart and placental function on E15.5, as identified non-invasively using echocardiography. This functional analysis of HCy-exposed mouse hearts revealed defects in tricuspid and semilunar valves, together with altered myocardial thickness. A smaller embryo and placental size was observed in the treated groups. FA supplementation ameliorates the observed developmental errors in the Li- or HCy-exposed mouse embryos and normalized heart function. Molecular analysis of gene expression within the avian cardiogenic crescent determined that Li, HCy or Wnt3A suppress Wnt-modulated Hex (also known as Hhex) and Islet-1 (also known as Isl1) expression, and that FA protects from the gene misexpression that is induced by all three factors. Furthermore, myoinositol with FA synergistically enhances the protective effect. Although the specific molecular epigenetic control mechanisms remain to be defined, it appears that Li or HCy induction and FA protection of cardiac defects involve intimate control of the canonical Wnt pathway at a crucial time preceding, and during, early heart organogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Avian Proteins/genetics
- Avian Proteins/metabolism
- Chickens
- Dietary Supplements
- Disease Models, Animal
- Embryo, Mammalian/abnormalities
- Embryo, Mammalian/diagnostic imaging
- Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/abnormalities
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Folic Acid/pharmacology
- Gastrulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Heart Defects, Congenital/chemically induced
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/prevention & control
- Heart Function Tests/drug effects
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Homocysteine
- Inositol/pharmacology
- LIM-Homeodomain Proteins
- Lithium
- Mice
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Transcription Factors
- Ultrasonography
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- Wnt3 Protein
- Wnt3A Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Han
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USF/ACH Children’s Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Maria C. Serrano
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USF/ACH Children’s Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Rosana Lastra-Vicente
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USF/ACH Children’s Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Pilar Brinez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USF/ACH Children’s Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- University Hospital of Northern Norway and University of Tromso, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, N9308 Tromso, Norway
| | - James C. Huhta
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USF/ACH Children’s Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Ren Chen
- USF College of Medicine, Biostatistics Core, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kersti K. Linask
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USF/ACH Children’s Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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Zhu H, Kartiko S, Finnell RH. Importance of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of selected birth defects. Clin Genet 2009; 75:409-23. [PMID: 19459879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is generally understood that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the highly complex etiology of structural birth defects, including neural tube defects, oral clefts and congenital heart defects, by disrupting highly regulated embryonic developmental processes. The intrauterine environment of the developing embryo/fetus is determined by maternal factors such as health/disease status, lifestyle, medication, exposure to environmental teratogens, as well as the maternal genotype. Certain genetic characteristics of the embryo/fetus also predispose it to developmental abnormalities. Epidemiologic and animal studies conducted over the last few decades have suggested that the interplay between genes and environmental factors underlies the etiological heterogeneity of these defects. It is now widely believed that the study of gene-environment interactions will lead to better understanding of the biological mechanisms and pathological processes that contribute to the development of complex birth defects. It is only through such an understanding that more efficient measures will be developed to prevent these severe, costly and often deadly defects. In this review, we attempt to summarize the complex clinical and experimental literature on current hypotheses of interactions between several select environmental factors and those genetic pathways in which they are most likely to have significant modifying effects. These include maternal folate nutritional status, maternal diabetes/obesity-related conditions, and maternal exposure to selected medications and environmental contaminants. Our goal is to highlight the potential gene-environment interactions affecting early embryogenesis that deserve comprehensive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Pickell L, Li D, Brown K, Mikael LG, Wang XL, Wu Q, Luo L, Jerome-Majewska L, Rozen R. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and low dietary folate increase embryonic delay and placental abnormalities in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 85:531-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hoxa3 and signaling molecules involved in aortic arch patterning and remodeling. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 336:165-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Horn KH, Esposito ER, Greene RM, Pisano MM. The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on developing folate binding protein-2 null mice. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:203-9. [PMID: 18992323 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke exposures have been linked to adverse health effects. Folate is essential for normal development, with deficiencies often causing fetal growth restriction. Mice lacking the folate binding protein-2 receptor (Folr2) exhibit increased susceptibility to teratogens. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the loss of Folr2 would increase sensitivity to cigarette smoke-induced effects on development. Pregnant Folr2(-/-), Folr2(+/+), and C57BL/6J mice were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke during gestation. Exposure to sidestream smoke on gd 6-9 had no adverse effects on fetal outcomes. However, cigarette smoke exposure on gd 6-18.5 increased the number of fetal resorptions (Folr2(-/-) cohort) and decreased crown-rump length (Folr2(+/+) fetuses). These data confirm an association between sidestream smoke exposure and fetal growth restriction, but do not suggest that loss of Folr2 increased susceptibility to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin H Horn
- University of Louisville Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville, ULSD, Louisville, KY 40292 (USPS); 40202 (Courier Delivery), United States
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Gelineau-van Waes J, Heller S, Bauer LK, Wilberding J, Maddox JR, Aleman F, Rosenquist TH, Finnell RH. Embryonic development in the reduced folate carrier knockout mouse is modulated by maternal folate supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 82:494-507. [PMID: 18383508 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduced folate carrier (RFC1) is a ubiquitously expressed integral membrane protein that mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate into mammalian cells. In this study, embryonic/fetal development is characterized in an RFC1 knockout mouse model in which pregnant dams receive different levels of folate supplementation. METHODS RFC1(+/-) males were mated to RFC1(+/-) females, and pregnant dams were treated with vehicle (control) or folic acid (25 or 50 mg/kg) by daily subcutaneous injection (0.1 mL/10 g bwt), beginning on E0.5 and continuing throughout gestation until the time of sacrifice. RESULTS Without maternal folate supplementation, RFC1 nullizygous embryos die shortly postimplantation. Supplementation of pregnant dams with 25 mg/kg/day folic acid prolongs survival of mutant embryos until E9.5-E10.5, but they are developmentally delayed relative to wild-type littermates, display a marked absence of erythropoiesis, severe neural tube and limb bud defects, and failure of chorioallantoic fusion. Fgfr2 protein levels are significantly reduced or absent in the extraembryonic membranes of RFC1 nullizygous embryos. Maternal folate supplementation with 50 mg/kg/day results in survival of 22% of RFC1 mutants to E18.5, but they develop with multiple malformations of the eyelids, lungs, heart, and skin. CONCLUSIONS High doses of daily maternal folate supplementation during embryonic/fetal development are necessary for early postimplantation embryonic viability of RFC1 nullizygous embryos, and play a critical role in chorioallantoic fusion, erythropoiesis, and proper development of the neural tube, limbs, lungs, heart, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janee Gelineau-van Waes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5455, USA.
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Cipollone D, Carsetti R, Tagliani A, Rosado MM, Borgiani P, Novelli G, D'Amati G, Fumagalli L, Marino B, Businaro R. Folic acid and methionine in the prevention of teratogen-induced congenital defects in mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2008; 18:100-9. [PMID: 18417366 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periconceptional supplementation with multivitamins containing folic acid reduces the risk of congenital malformations. We have previously investigated the effect on the murine development of a multiple retinoic acid competitive antagonist, Bristol-Myers-Squibb 189453, showing that treated fetuses were affected with heart defects, thymus aplasia or hypoplasia, and severe anomalies of the central nervous system. Hereby, we analyzed the effects of nutritive therapy involving folic acid and methionine on teratogen-induced congenital defects in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 132 outbred CD1 litters were studied. Pregnant mice were divided into four experimental groups, and an oral supplementation of H(2)O or folic acid, or methionine, or folic acid+methionine was administered from 0.5 days postcoitum until the end of pregnancy. At 7.5 days postcoitum, mice from all these groups were administered Bristol-Myers-Squibb 189453 to induce the teratogenic effect. At the end of pregnancy, fetuses were dissected and tissues were analyzed by histology and flow cytometric assays. RESULTS Folic acid reduces congenital heart diseases from 81.3% to 64.8%, neural tube defects from 20.3% to 3.7%, and thymus abnormalities from 98.4% to 27.8%, restoring a normal number of differentiated thymus cells. Methionine is less effective in contrasting congenital heart diseases and neural tube defects, and induces thymus cell proliferation but not differentiation. Folic acid+methionine weakly reduce congenital heart diseases and neural tube defects, but consistently reduce the incidence of fetuses affected with thymus pathologies from 98.4% to 67.7%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that folic acid and methionine periconceptional supplementations may influence the incidence of congenital defects and may probably induce negative selection of embryos presenting developmental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Cipollone
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
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Taparia S, Gelineau-van Waes J, Rosenquist TH, Finnell RH. Importance of folate-homocysteine homeostasis during early embryonic development. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 45:1717-27. [PMID: 18067451 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the beneficial effects of maternal folate supplementation in the periconceptional period have been shown to prevent neural tube defects, congenital heart defects and orofacial clefts, the exact protective mechanism of folates remains unknown. Folates affect DNA synthesis, amino acid metabolism and methylation of genes, proteins and lipids via S-adenosylmethionine-mediated one-carbon transfer reactions. Our laboratory has created several mouse knock out models of folate transport using gene targeting to inactivate folate receptor 1 (Folr1), folate receptor 2 (Folr2) and reduced folate carrier 1 (Slc19a1) genes. Gene ablation of both Folr1 and Slc19a1 leads to lethality, but with maternal folate supplementation, nullizygous embryos for both genes present with neural tube defects (NTDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Folr1 nullizygous mice also exhibit orofacial clefts when the dams are provided with low folate supplementation during pregnancy. Finally, women with NTD-affected pregnancies have been reported to have high autoantibody titers against the folate receptor, potentially inhibiting the transport of folate to the developing embryo. This may be an explanation for some of the folate-responsive NTDs and perhaps other congenital malformations. Herein, we propose how homocysteinylation of the folate receptor may contribute to generation of these autoantibodies against the folate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta Taparia
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ifergan I, Assaraf YG. Chapter 4 Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation to Folate Deficiency. FOLIC ACID AND FOLATES 2008; 79:99-143. [DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)00404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhu H, Cabrera RM, Wlodarczyk BJ, Bozinov D, Wang D, Schwartz RJ, Finnell RH. Differentially expressed genes in embryonic cardiac tissues of mice lacking Folr1 gene activity. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2007; 7:128. [PMID: 18028541 PMCID: PMC2206038 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-7-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart anomalies are the most frequently observed among all human congenital defects. As with the situation for neural tube defects (NTDs), it has been demonstrated that women who use multivitamins containing folic acid peri-conceptionally have a reduced risk for delivering offspring with conotruncal heart defects 123. Cellular folate transport is mediated by a receptor or binding protein and by an anionic transporter protein system. Defective function of the Folr1 (also known as Folbp1; homologue of human FRalpha) gene in mice results in inadequate transport, accumulation, or metabolism of folate during cardiovascular morphogenesis. RESULTS We have observed cardiovascular abnormalities including outflow tract and aortic arch arterial defects in genetically compromised Folr1 knockout mice. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure to complete development of outflow tract and aortic arch arteries in the Folr1 knockout mouse model, we examined tissue-specific gene expression difference between Folr1 nullizygous embryos and morphologically normal heterozygous embryos during early cardiac development (14-somite stage), heart tube looping (28-somite stage), and outflow track septation (38-somite stage). Microarray analysis was performed as a primary screening, followed by investigation using quantitative real-time PCR assays. Gene ontology analysis highlighted the following ontology groups: cell migration, cell motility and localization of cells, structural constituent of cytoskeleton, cell-cell adhesion, oxidoreductase, protein folding and mRNA processing. This study provided preliminary data and suggested potential candidate genes for further description and investigation. CONCLUSION The results suggested that Folr1 gene ablation and abnormal folate homeostasis altered gene expression in developing heart and conotruncal tissues. These changes affected normal cytoskeleton structures, cell migration and motility as well as cellular redox status, which may contribute to cardiovascular abnormalities in mouse embryos lacking Folr1 gene activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhu
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Robert M Cabrera
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Bozinov
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Deli Wang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Center for Molecular Development and Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68158, USA
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Hartmann LC, Keeney GL, Lingle WL, Christianson TJH, Varghese B, Hillman D, Oberg AL, Low PS. Folate receptor overexpression is associated with poor outcome in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:938-42. [PMID: 17487842 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The high affinity folate receptor is a membrane-associated glycoprotein that is preferentially expressed in cancers of epithelial origin and rarely expressed in normal cells. We examined its expression pattern in breast cancer, utilizing a tissue microarray containing samples from 63 invasive breast cancers from women with divergent clinical outcomes. Thirty-three women comprised the poor outcome group with a median time to recurrence of 1.9 years. Thirty women, the good outcome group, were free of recurrence for a minimum of 7 years after diagnosis. The intensity of folate receptor staining was strongly correlated with outcome. There were two summary categories of staining intensity: weak (n = 42) or strong (n = 21). In the strong staining group, 17 of 21 women (81%) have recurred and their median survival is 2.4 years. In the weak staining group, 16 of 42 women (38%) have recurred. Their median survival is not estimable. After adjustment for tumor size, nodal status, ER status, adjuvant therapy, histology and tumor grade, strong staining for the folate receptor remained significantly associated with poor outcome, p < 0.001. Our work requires validation in a larger cohort, but supports the possibility of using folate receptor-targeted approaches in the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn C Hartmann
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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