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Tian H, Zhu H, Gao C, Shi M, Yang D, Jin M, Wang F, Sui X. System-level biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: an in vivo experimental review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1247021. [PMID: 37869515 PMCID: PMC10590107 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1247021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human health have gained great interest all around the world. Though the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection recommended a 100 μT, and then a 200 μT magnetic field limit, the long-term effects of ELF-EMFs on organisms and systems need to be further investigated. It was reported that both electrotherapy and possible effects on human health could be induced under ELF-EM radiation with varied EM frequencies and fields. This present article intends to systematically review the in vivo experimental outcome and the corresponding mechanisms to shed some light on the safety considerations of ELF-EMFs. This will further advance the subsequent application of electrotherapy in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Tian
- Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Haozheng Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekun Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Jin
- State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Sui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Effects of Ultra-Weak Fractal Electromagnetic Signals on Malassezia furfur. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044099. [PMID: 36835509 PMCID: PMC9964618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia spp. are dimorphic, lipophilic fungi that are part of the normal human cutaneous commensal microbiome. However, under adverse conditions, these fungi can be involved in various cutaneous diseases. In this study, we analysed the effect of ultra-weak fractal electromagnetic (uwf-EMF) field exposure (12.6 nT covering 0.5 to 20 kHz) on the growth dynamics and invasiveness of M. furfur. The ability to modulate inflammation and innate immunity in normal human keratinocytes was also investigated. Using a microbiological assay, it was possible to demonstrate that, under the influence of uwf-EMF, the invasiveness of M. furfur was drastically reduced (d = 2.456, p < 0.001), while at the same time, its growth dynamic after 72 h having been in contact with HaCaT cells both without (d = 0.211, p = 0.390) and with (d = 0.118, p = 0.438) uwf-EM exposure, were hardly affected. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that a uwf-EMF exposure is able to modulate human-β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in treated keratinocytes and at the same time reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes. The findings suggest that the underlying principle of action is hormetic in nature and that this method might be an adjunctive therapeutic tool to modulate the inflammatory properties of Malassezia in related cutaneous diseases. The underlying principle of action becomes understandable by means of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Given that living systems consist mainly of water and within the framework of QED, this water, as a biphasic system, provides the basis for electromagnetic coupling. The oscillatory properties of water dipoles modulated by weak electromagnetic stimuli not only affect biochemical processes, but also pave the way for a more general understanding of the observed nonthermal effects in biota.
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Kaszuba-Zwoińska J, Novak P, Nowak B, Furgała A, Wójcik-Piotrowicz K, Piszczek P, Guzdek P, Pytko-Polończyk J. Low-frequency electromagnetic field influences human oral mucosa keratinocyte viability in response to lipopolysaccharide or minocycline treatment in cell culture conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Non-Ionizing Radiation for Cardiac Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Commitment: A Physical Strategy in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082324. [PMID: 30096780 PMCID: PMC6121454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is an innovative strategy for tissue repair, since adult stem cells could have limited regenerative ability as in the case of myocardial damage. This leads to a local contractile dysfunction due to scar formation. For these reasons, refining strategy approaches for “in vitro” stem cell commitment, preparatory to the “in vivo” stem cell differentiation, is imperative. In this work, we isolated and characterized at molecular and cellular level, human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hAMSCs) and exposed them to a physical Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) stimulus and to a chemical Nitric Oxide treatment. Physically exposed cells showed a decrease of cell proliferation and no change in metabolic activity, cell vitality and apoptotic rate. An increase in the mRNA expression of cardiac and angiogenic differentiation markers, confirmed at the translational level, was also highlighted in exposed cells. Our data, for the first time, provide evidence that physical ELF-EMF stimulus (7 Hz, 2.5 µT), similarly to the chemical treatment, is able to trigger hAMSC cardiac commitment. More importantly, we also observed that only the physical stimulus is able to induce both types of commitments contemporarily (cardiac and angiogenic), suggesting its potential use to obtain a better regenerative response in cell-therapy protocols.
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Koziorowska A, Romerowicz-Misielak M, Sołek P, Koziorowski M. Extremely low frequency variable electromagnetic fields affect cancer and noncancerous cells in vitro differently: Preliminary study. Electromagn Biol Med 2018. [PMID: 29513614 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1408021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) may result in various changes at the cellular level. To identify the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on viability of cells, cancer cells (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous cells (BJ; HEK) in exponential growth phase were exposed or sham-exposed to different values of frequency (2, 20, 30, 50 and 60 Hz), different shapes (sinusoidal, square and triangular) and time of exposure (0.5, 1, 2, 3 h) to electromagnetic field. After exposure, viability of cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). We found a different effect of exposition of cancer and noncancerous cells to ELF-EMF on viability of cells. This preliminary study revealed that electro magentic field(EMF) might serve as a potential tool for manipulating viability of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koziorowska
- a Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Rzeszow , Rzeszow , Poland.,b Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Rzeszow , Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Maria Romerowicz-Misielak
- b Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Rzeszow , Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Przemysław Sołek
- c Department of Physiology and Reproduction of Animals, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Rzeszow , Rzeszow , Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- c Department of Physiology and Reproduction of Animals, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Rzeszow , Rzeszow , Poland
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Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on MAP2 and Nestin Gene Expression of Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells. Int J Artif Organs 2016; 39:294-9. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) has attracted a great deal of scientific interest. The ELF-EMF signal is able to control ion transport across ion channels and therefore induce cell differentiation. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) on MAP2 and Nestin gene expression of dermal papilla mesenchymal cells (DPCs). Methods In order to examine the effect of chemical and electromagnetic factors on gene expression, 4 experimental groups, namely chemical (cell exposure to chemical signals), EMF (exposing cells to ELF-EMF), chemical-EMF (subjecting cells to chemical signals and ELF-EMF) and control (with no treatment) groups, were prepared, treated for 5 days, and studied. To assess the effect of extended test time on the expression of neural differentiation markers (Nestin and MAP2), an EMF group was prepared and treated for a period of 14 consecutive days. The beneficial role of EMF in inducing neural differentiation was shown by real-time PCR analysis. Results The higher expression of MAP2 after 14 days compared to that after 5 days and decrease of cell proliferation on days 5 to 20 were indicative of the positive effect of extending treatment time on neural differentiation by evaluation of gene expression in EMF group.
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Pasi F, Sanna S, Paolini A, Alquati M, Lascialfari A, Corti ME, Liberto RD, Cialdai F, Monici M, Nano R. Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetotherapy on proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:343-52. [PMID: 27254779 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1138123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) applied in magnetotherapy have frequency lower than 100 Hz and magnetic field intensity ranging from 0.1 to 20 mT. For many years, the use of magnetotherapy in clinics has been increasing because of its beneficial effects in many processes, e.g., skin diseases, inflammation and bone disorders. However, the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms governing such processes is still lacking and the results of the studies on the effects of ELF-EMFs are controversial because effects derive from different conditions and from intrinsic responsiveness of different cell types.In the present study, we studied the biological effects of 1.5 h exposure of human dermal fibroblasts to EMFs with frequencies of 5 and 50 Hz and intensity between 0.25 and 1.6 mT. Our data showed that the magnetic treatment did not produce changes in cell viability, but gave evidence of a sizeable decrease in proliferation at 24 h after treatment. In addition, immunofluorescence experiments displayed an increase in tubulin expression that could foreshadow changes in cell motility or morphology. The decrease in proliferation with unchanged viability and increase in tubulin expression could be consistent with the triggering of a transdifferentiation process after the exposure to ELF-EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pasi
- a Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani" , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,b Department of Radiation Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Samuele Sanna
- c Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- a Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani" , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,d Department of Medical Physics , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Marco Alquati
- c Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Lascialfari
- c Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,e Department of Physics , University of Milano , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Di Liberto
- d Department of Medical Physics , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- f ASA Research Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Monica Monici
- f ASA Research Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Rosanna Nano
- a Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani" , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Kunt H, Şentürk İ, Gönül Y, Korkmaz M, Ahsen A, Hazman Ö, Bal A, Genç A, Songur A. Effects of electromagnetic radiation exposure on bone mineral density, thyroid, and oxidative stress index in electrical workers. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:745-54. [PMID: 26929645 PMCID: PMC4758783 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the literature, some articles report that the incidence of numerous diseases increases among the individuals who live around high-voltage electric transmission lines (HVETL) or are exposed vocationally. However, it was not investigated whether HVETL affect bone metabolism, oxidative stress, and the prevalence of thyroid nodule. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone density measurements, serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), RANK, RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphor, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were analyzed to investigate this effect. Results Bone mineral density levels of L1–L4 vertebrae and femur were observed significantly lower in the electrical workers. ALP, phosphor, RANK, RANKL, TOS, OSI, and anteroposterior diameter of the left thyroid lobe levels were significantly higher, and OPG, TAS, and FT4 levels were detected significantly lower in the study group when compared with the control group. Conclusion Consequently, it was observed that the balance between construction and destruction in the bone metabolism of the electrical workers who were employed in HVETL replaced toward destruction and led to a decrease in OPG levels and an increase in RANK and RANKL levels. In line with the previous studies, long-term exposure to an electromagnetic field causes disorders in many organs and systems. Thus, it is considered that long-term exposure to an electromagnetic field affects bone and thyroid metabolism and also increases OSI by increasing the TOS and decreasing the antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Kunt
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - İhsan Şentürk
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Yücel Gönül
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ahsen
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ömer Hazman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bal
- Department of General Surgery, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Genç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Songur
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Establishment of a novel in vitro test setup for electric and magnetic stimulation of human osteoblasts. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:805-17. [PMID: 24782061 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When large defects occur, bone regeneration can be supported by bone grafting and biophysical stimuli like electric and magnetic stimulation (EMS). Clinically established EMS modes are external coils and surgical implants like an electroinductive screw system, which combines a magnetic and electric field, e.g., for the treatment of avascular bone necrosis or pseudarthrosis. For optimization of this implant system, an in vitro test setup was designed to investigate effects of EMS on human osteoblasts on different 3D scaffolds (based on calcium phosphate and collagen). Prior to the cell experiments, numerical simulations of the setup, as well as experimental validation, via measurements of the electric parameters induced by EMS were conducted. Human osteoblasts (3 × 10(5) cells) were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultivated. After 24 h, screw implants (Stryker ASNIS III s-series) were centered in the scaffolds, and EMS was applied (3 × 45 min per day at 20 Hz) for 3 days. Cell viability and collagen type 1 (Col1) synthesis were determined subsequently. Numerical simulation and validation showed an adequate distribution of the electric field within the scaffolds. Experimental measurements of the electric potential revealed only minimal deviation from the simulation. Cell response to stimulation varied with scaffold material and mode of stimulation. EMS-stimulated cells exhibited a significant decrease of metabolic activity in particular on collagen scaffolds. In contrast, the Col1/metabolic activity ratio was significantly increased on collagen and non-sintered calcium phosphate scaffolds after 3 days. Exclusive magnetic stimulation showed similar but nonsignificant tendencies in metabolic activity and Col1 synthesis. The cell tests demonstrate that the new test setup is a valuable tool for in vitro testing and parameter optimization of the clinically used electroinductive screw system. It combines magnetic and electric stimulation, allowing in vitro investigations of its influence on human osteoblasts.
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Ledda M, D'Emilia E, Giuliani L, Marchese R, Foletti A, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Nonpulsed Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields as a Noninvasive Strategy in Bone Repair: The Effect on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:207-17. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Emilia
- Dipartimento Insediamenti produttivi ed Interazione con l'Ambiente (INAIL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Giuliani
- Dipartimento Insediamenti produttivi ed Interazione con l'Ambiente (INAIL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
- INAIL Florence, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Foletti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Zhou J, Ma XN, Gao YH, Yan JL, Shi WG, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption in rat femoral tissuesin vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 35:75-83. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.971958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Razavi S, Salimi M, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Karbasi S, Kermani S. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field influences the survival and proliferation effect of human adipose derived stem cells. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:25. [PMID: 24592372 PMCID: PMC3928843 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.124668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) can effect on biological systems and alters some cell functions like proliferation rate. Therefore, we aimed to attempt the evaluation effect of ELF-EMF on the growth of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS ELF-EMF was generated by a system including autotransformer, multi-meter, solenoid coils, teslameter and its probe. We assessed the effect of ELF-EMF with intensity of 0.5 and 1 mT and power line frequency 50 Hz on the survival of hADSCs for 20 and 40 min/day for 7 days by MTT assay. One-way analysis of variance was used to assessment the significant differences in groups. RESULTS ELF-EMF has maximum effect with intensity of 1 mT for 20 min/day on proliferation of hADSCs. The survival and proliferation effect (PE) in all exposure groups were significantly higher than that in sham groups (P < 0.05) except in group of 1 mT and 40 min/day. CONCLUSION Our results show that between 0.5 m and 1 mT ELF-EMF could be enhances survival and PE of hADSCs conserving the duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Salimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Kermani
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhou J, Wang JQ, Ge BF, Ma XN, Ma HP, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Different electromagnetic field waveforms have different effects on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 35:30-8. [PMID: 23775573 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been known to be able to improve bone health; however, their optimal application parameters and action mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared the effects of different forms of EMFs (sinusoidal, triangular, square, and serrated, all set at 50 Hz frequency and 1.8 mT intensity) on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of rat calvarial osteoblasts. Square EMFs stimulated osteoblast proliferation but sinusoidal EMFs inhibited it. Sinusoidal and triangular EMFs produced significantly greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining areas, calcium deposition, mineralized nodule areas, and mRNA expression of Runx-2, osteoprotegerin and insulin-like growth factor-I than square and serrated EMFs (P < 0.01). Triangular EMFs had a greater effect than sinusoidal EMFs on every indices except for Runx-2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). These results indicated that while square EMFs promoted proliferation and had no effect on the differentiation of osteoblasts, sinusoidal EMFs inhibited proliferation but enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Triangular EMFs did not affect cell proliferation but induced the strongest osteogenic activity among the four waveforms of EMFs. Thus, the effects of EMFs on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro were dependent on their waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R., China
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Collard JF, Lazar C, Nowé A, Hinsenkamp M. Statistical validation of the acceleration of the differentiation at the expense of the proliferation in human epidermal cells exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 111:37-45. [PMID: 23257322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An acceleration of differentiation at the expense of proliferation is observed in our previous publications and in the literature after exposure of various biological models to low frequency and low-amplitude electric and electromagnetic fields. This observation is related with a significant modification of genes expression. We observed and compared over time this modification. This study use microarray data obtained on epidermis cultures harvested from human abdominoplasty exposed to ELF electric fields. This protocol is repeated with samples collected on three different healthy patients. The sampling over time allows comparison of the effect of the stimulus at a given time with the evolution of control group. After 4 days, we observed a significant difference of the genes expression between control (D4C) and stimulated (D4S) (p < 0.05). On the control between day 4 and 7, we observed another group of genes with significant difference (p < 0.05) in their expression. We identify the common genes between these two groups and we select from them those expressing no difference between stimulate at 4 days (D4S) and control after 7 days (D7C). The same analysis was performed with D4S-D4C-D12C and D7S-D7C-D12C. The lists of genes which follow this pattern show acceleration in their expressions under stimulation appearing on control at a later time. In this list, genes such as DKK1, SPRR3, NDRG4, and CHEK1 are involved in cell proliferation or differentiation. Numerous other genes are also playing a function in mitosis, cell cycle or in the DNA replication transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Collard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Orthopédie Traumatologie (LROT), Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808, route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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De Carlo F, Ledda M, Pozzi D, Pierimarchi P, Zonfrillo M, Giuliani L, D'Emilia E, Foletti A, Scorretti R, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Nonionizing Radiation as a Noninvasive Strategy in Regenerative Medicine: The Effect of Ca2+-ICR on Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cell Growth and Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2248-58. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia De Carlo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Deleana Pozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Regina Elena, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Zonfrillo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Giuliani
- Instituto Superiore per la, Prevenzionie e Sicurezza sul Lavoro, Dipartimento Installazioni de Prodozione e Insediamenti Antropici (ISPESL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Emilia
- Instituto Superiore per la, Prevenzionie e Sicurezza sul Lavoro, Dipartimento Installazioni de Prodozione e Insediamenti Antropici (ISPESL-DIPIA), Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Foletti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scorretti
- Ampère-Lab-UMR 5005 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Zhang M, Li X, Bai L, Uchida K, Bai W, Wu B, Xu W, Zhu H, Huang H. Effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on proliferation of human epidermal stem cells: An in vitro study. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 34:74-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bai WF, Zhang MS, Huang H, Zhu HX, Xu WC. Effects of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on human epidermal stem cells cultured on collagen sponge scaffolds. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:523-30. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.692496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Borhani N, Rajaei F, Salehi Z, Javadi A. Analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse embryos exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 30:246-52. [PMID: 22047462 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.589556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on DNA damage in biological systems are still a matter of dispute. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of electromagnetic field exposure on DNA fragmentation in cells (blastomers) of mouse blastocysts. Eighty female NMRI mice were randomly divided into 2 groups of 40 animals each. The control group was left unexposed whereas the animals in the EMF-group were exposed to a 50-Hz EMF at 0.5 mT 4 h per day, 6 days a week for a duration of 2 weeks. After the 8(th) day of exposure, the female mice in both groups were superovulated (with injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin) and then mated overnight. At approximately 4 days after mating (102 h after the human chorionic gonadotropin treatment), blastocysts were obtained by flushing the uterus horns. The mean numbers of pregnant mice, blastocysts after flushing, blastomers within the blastocysts, and the DNA fragmentation index following staining in both groups were compared using statistical methods (SPSS, the Chi-square test, the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.05). The results showed that the mean number of blastocysts after flushing was significantly decreased in the EMF-group compared to that of the control group (P < 0.03). The DNA fragmentation index was significantly increased in the EMF-group compared to control (10.53% vs. 7.14%; P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the mean numbers of blastomers and numbers of pregnant mice between the EMF-exposed and control group. Our findings indicate that the EMF exposure in preimplantation stage could have detrimental effects on female mouse fertility and embryo development by decreasing the number of blastocysts and increasing the blastocysts DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Borhani
- Fertility & Infertility Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Effect of Four Different Wave of 1.8mT 50Hz Electromagnetic Fields on Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts In vitro*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Zhou J, Ming LG, Ge BF, Wang JQ, Zhu RQ, Wei Z, Ma HP, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields of different intensities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization potentials of rat osteoblasts. Bone 2011; 49:753-61. [PMID: 21726678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been used clinically to slow down osteoporosis and promote fracture healing for many years. However, the underlying action mechanisms and optimal parameters of the EMF applications are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment for different durations with 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) at different intensities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization potentials of rat osteoblasts. Osteoblasts isolated from neonatal rats were treated with SEMFs (50 Hz at 0.9 mT-4.8 mT, 0.3 mT interval, 30 min/day up to 15 days). Compared to untreated control, SEMFs inhibited osteoblast proliferation (after 3 days' treatment) but increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (after treatment for 9 days) from 0.9 mT to 1.8 mT, declined from 1.8 mT until 3.0 mT, and then increased again from 3.0 mT to 3.6 mT and decreased once again from 3.6 mT to 4.8 mT. Numbers of colonies stained positive for ALP after 8 days and mineralized nodules stained by Alizarin red after 10 days showed the same bimodal tendency as with the ALP activity, with two peaks at 1.8 mT and 3.6 mT. SEMFs also bimodally increased Runx-2, Col1α2 and Bmp-2 mRNA expression levels in osteoblasts at 12, 24 and 96 h after exposure. The results indicated that while exposure to 50 Hz SEMFs inhibits the osteoblast proliferation, it significantly promotes differentiation and mineralization potentials of osteoblasts in an intensity-dependent manner with peak activity at 1.8 mT and 3.6 mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, [corrected] Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China.
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Nishisako H, Ikehara T, Shiraishi T, Minami Y, Sasaki HI, Houchi H, Kawazoe K, Minakuchi K, Kitamura M, Shono M, Yoshizaki K, Kinouchi Y, Miyamoto H. Effects of a 1.5 T time-varying magnetic field on cell volume regulation of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in hyposmotic media. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2011; 58:95-105. [PMID: 21372493 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.58.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Effects of a time-varying magnetic field on cell volume regulation by hyposmotic stress in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were examined. Through regulatory volume decrease (RVD), cell volume of chromaffin cells that were incubated in a hypotonic medium initially increased, reached a peak and finally recovered to the initial value. Two hour exposure to a magnetic field and addition of cytochalasin D increased peak value and delayed return to initial value. Intracellular F-actin contents initially decreased but returned to normal levels after 10 sec. Two hour exposure to the magnetic field and addition of cytochalasin D continuously reduced the F-actin content. Results suggest that exposure to the magnetic field stimulated disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and that the disruption delayed the recovery to the volume prior to osmotic stress.
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Hao Q, Wenfang C, Xia A, Qiang W, Ying L, Kun Z, Runguang S. Effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field and adriamycin on K562 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2010; 32:191-9. [PMID: 21365663 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a moderate-intensity static magnetic field (SMF) can enhance the killing effect of adriamycin (ADM) on K562 cells, and to explore the effects of SMF combined with ADM on K562 cells. We analyzed the metabolic activity of cells, cell cycle distribution, DNA damage, change in cell ultrastructure, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression after K562 cells were exposed continuously to a uniform 8.8 mT SMF for 12 h, with or without ADM. Our results showed that the SMF combined with ADM (25 ng/ml) significantly inhibited the metabolic activity of K562 cells (P < 0.05), while neither ADM nor the SMF alone affected the metabolic activity of these cells. Cell ultrastructure was altered in the SMF + ADM group. For example, cell membrane was depressed, some protuberances were observable, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm became larger. Cells were arrested at the G2/M phase and DNA damage increased after cells were treated with the SMF plus ADM. ADM also induced the P-gp expression. In contrast, in the SMF group and SMF + ADM group, the P-gp expression was decreased compared with the ADM group. Taken together, our results showed that the 8.8 mT SMF enhanced the cytotoxicity potency of ADM on K562 cells, and the decrease in P-gp expression may be one reason underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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Effects of exposure to a time-varying 1.5 T magnetic field on the neurotransmitter-activated increase in intracellular Ca(2+) in relation to actin fiber and mitochondrial functions in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:1221-30. [PMID: 20832450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that exposure to electromagnetic fields influences intracellular signal transduction. We studied the effects of exposure to a time-varying 1.5 T magnetic field on membrane properties, membrane cation transport and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in relation to signals. We also studied the mechanism of the effect of exposure to the magnetic field on intracellular Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+) stores in adrenal chromaffin cells. METHODS We measured the physiological functions of ER, actin protein, and mitochondria with respect to a neurotransmitter-induced increase in Ca(2+) in chromaffin cells exposed to the time-varying 1.5 T magnetic field for 2h. RESULTS Exposure to the magnetic field significantly reduced the increase in [Ca(2+)]i. The exposure depolarized the mitochondria membrane and lowered oxygen uptake, but did not reduce the intracellular ATP content. Magnetic field-exposure caused a morphological change in intracellular F-actin. F-actin in exposed cells seemed to be less dense than in control cells, but the decrease was smaller than that in cytochalasin D-treated cells. The increase in G-actin (i.e., the decrease in F-actin) due to exposure was recovered by jasplakinolide, but inhibition of Ca(2+) release by the exposure was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the magnetic field-exposure influenced both the ER and mitochondria, but the inhibition of Ca(2+) release from ER was not due to mitochondria inhibition. The effect of eddy currents induced in the culture medium may indirectly influence intracellular actin and suppress the transient increase in [Ca(2+)]i.
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Foletti A, Ledda M, De Carlo F, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Calcium Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR), 7.0 Hz, 9.2 μT Magnetic Field Exposure Initiates Differentiation of Pituitary Corticotrope-Derived AtT20 D16V Cells. Electromagn Biol Med 2010; 29:63-71. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2010.482480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gaetani R, Ledda M, Barile L, Chimenti I, De Carlo F, Forte E, Ionta V, Giuliani L, D'Emilia E, Frati G, Miraldi F, Pozzi D, Messina E, Grimaldi S, Giacomello A, Lisi A. Differentiation of human adult cardiac stem cells exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82:411-20. [PMID: 19228705 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Modulation of cardiac stem cell (CSC) differentiation with minimal manipulation is one of the main goals of clinical applicability of cell therapy for heart failure. CSCs, obtained from human myocardial bioptic specimens and grown as cardiospheres (CSps) and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), can engraft and partially regenerate the infarcted myocardium, as previously described. In this paper we assessed the hypothesis that exposure of CSps and CDCs to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), tuned at Ca2+ ion cyclotron energy resonance (Ca2+-ICR), may drive their differentiation towards a cardiac-specific phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS A significant increase in the expression of cardiac markers was observed after 5 days of exposure to Ca2+-ICR in both human CSps and CDCs, as evidenced at transcriptional, translational, and phenotypical levels. Ca2+ mobilization among intracellular storages was observed and confirmed by compartmentalized analysis of Ca2+ fluorescent probes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ELF-EMFs tuned at Ca2+-ICR could be used to drive cardiac-specific differentiation in adult cardiac progenitor cells without any pharmacological or genetic manipulation of the cells that will be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Soda A, Ikehara T, Kinouchi Y, Yoshizaki K. Effect of exposure to an extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field on the cellular collagen with respect to signaling pathways in osteoblast-like cells. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2009; 55:267-78. [PMID: 18797142 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.55.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF: 3 mT, 60 Hz) on differentiation of mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells was examined together with addition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). As a marker of the differentiation, the cellular collagen content was determined by the absorbance of Sirius red-stained cells measured at the wavelength of 510-520 nm with an imaging microspectroscopy. Exposure to ELF-EMF increased significantly the collagen in the cells. Treatment with PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation, reduced the collagen in all of the cells examined on control, IGF-I addition and ELF-EMF exposure, however, PD98059 did not prevent the increase in the collagen caused by ELF-EMF exposure, and IGF-I also increased the collagen in the presence of the inhibitor. When phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was inhibited by LY294002, the increase in collagen induced by ELF-EMF exposure was accelerated, however, the increase in collagen observed by IGF-I addition was suppressed. Treatment with SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), suppressed the increase in the collagen induced by ELF-EMF exposure, whereas IGF-I addition increased the collagen in the presence of the inhibitor. These results suggested that collagen synthesis stimulated by ELF-EMF exposure was carried out by the participation of p38 MAPK pathway, and that PI3K pathway may have the role to suppress the collagen synthesis induced by ELF-EMF exposure, and that the suppression of the PI3K pathway may allow the acceleration of the collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Soda
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiological Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Hsu CY, Ko FY, Li CW, Fann K, Lue JT. Magnetoreception system in honeybees (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2007; 2:e395. [PMID: 17460762 PMCID: PMC1851986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) undergo iron biomineralization, providing the basis for magnetoreception. We showed earlier the presence of superparamagnetic magnetite in iron granules formed in honeybees, and subscribed to the notion that external magnetic fields may cause expansion or contraction of the superparamagnetic particles in an orientation-specific manner, relaying the signal via cytoskeleton (Hsu and Li 1994). In this study, we established a size-density purification procedure, with which quantitative amount of iron granules was obtained from honey bee trophocytes and characterized; the density of iron granules was determined to be 1.25 g/cm3. While we confirmed the presence of superparamagnetic magnetite in the iron granules, we observed changes in the size of the magnetic granules in the trophycytes upon applying additional magnetic field to the cells. A concomitant release of calcium ion was observed by confocal microscope. This size fluctuation triggered the increase of intracellular Ca+2 , which was inhibited by colchicines and latrunculin B, known to be blockers for microtubule and microfilament syntheses, respectively. The associated cytoskeleton may thus relay the magnetosignal, initiating a neural response. A model for the mechanism of magnetoreception in honeybees is proposed, which may be applicable to most, if not all, magnetotactic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
This study investigated that whether a 2 mT, 60 Hz, sinusoidal electromagnetic field (EMF) alters the structure and function of cells. This research compared the effects of EMF on four kinds of cell lines: hFOB 1.19 (fetal osteoblast), T/G HA-VSMC (aortic vascular smooth muscle cell), RPMI 7666 (B lymphoblast), and HCN-2 (cortical neuronal cell). Over 14 days, cells were exposed to EMF for 1, 3, or 6 hours per day (hrs/d). The results pointed to a cell type-specific reaction to EMF exposure. In addition, the cellular responses were dependent on duration of EMF exposure. In the present study, cell proliferation was the trait most sensitive to EMF. EMF treatment promoted growth of hFOB 1.19 and HCN-2 compared with control cells at 7 and 14 days of incubation. When the exposure time was 3 hrs/d, EMF enhanced the proliferation of RPMI 7666 but inhibited that of T/G HA- VSMC. On the other hand, the effects of EMF on cell cycle distribution, cell differentiation, and actin distribution were unclear. Furthermore, we hardly found any correlation between EMF exposure and gap junctional intercellular communication in hFOB 1.19. This study revealed that EMF might serve as a potential tool for manipulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ram Sul
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si-Nae Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- National BK21 Project Team of Nanobiomaterials for the Cell-based Implants, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwal Suh
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- National BK21 Project Team of Nanobiomaterials for the Cell-based Implants, Seoul, Korea
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. ARS, . SNP, . HS. Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Structure and Function of Rat Glioma Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2006.124.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lisi A, Ledda M, Rosola E, Pozzi D, D'Emilia E, Giuliani L, Foletti A, Modesti A, Morris SJ, Grimaldi S. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure promotes differentiation of pituitary corticotrope-derived AtT20 D16V cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2006; 27:641-51. [PMID: 16838272 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary corticotrope-derived AtT20 D16V cell line responds to nerve growth factor (NGF) by extending neurite-like processes and differentiating into neurosecretory-like cells. The aim of this work is the study of the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at a frequency of 50 Hz on these differentiation activities. To establish whether exposure to the field could influence the molecular biology of the cells, they were exposed to a magnetic flux density of 2 milli-Tesla (mT). Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and intracellular pH (pHi) were monitored in single exposed AtT20 D16V cells using fluorophores Indo-1 and SNARF for [Ca2+]i and pHi, respectively. Single-cell fluorescence microscopy showed a statistically significant increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a drop in pHi in exposed cells. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission microscopy of exposed AtT20 D16V cells show morphological changes in plasma membrane compared to non-exposed cells; this modification was accompanied by a rearrangement in actin filament distribution and the emergence of properties typical of peptidergic neuronal cells-the appearance of secretory-like granules in the cytosol and the increase of synaptophysin in synaptic vesicles, changes typical of neurosecretory-like cells. Using a monoclonal antibody toward the neurofilament protein NF-200 gave additional evidence that exposed cells were in an early stage of differentiation compared to control. Pre-treatment with 0.3 microM nifedipine, which specifically blocks L-type Ca2+ channels, prevented NF-200 expression in AtT20 D16V exposed cells. The above findings demonstrate that exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF is responsible for the premature differentiation in AtT20 D 16 V cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lisi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Neurobiologia e Medicina Molecolare, Rome, Italy
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Santini MT, Rainaldi G, Ferrante A, Indovina P, Donelli G, Indovina PL. A 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field does not damage MG-63 three-dimensional tumor spheroids but induces changes in their invasive properties. Bioelectromagnetics 2006; 27:132-41. [PMID: 16304698 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that a sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field with a magnetic flux density of 1 mT can damage MG-63 osteosarcoma spheroids and induce variations in the invasive properties of these three-dimensional model systems after 2 days of exposure was investigated. Specifically, possible damage induced by these fields was examined by determining changes in spheroid surface morphology (light microscopy), growth (spheroid diameter and protein content determination), lactate dehydrogenase release, and reduced glutathione amount. Possible changes in the invasive properties were studied by invasion chambers. The results show no induction of cell damage by ELF fields while invasion chamber assays demonstrate a significant increase in the invasive potential of exposed spheroids. In order to determine if the fibronectin or hyaluronan receptors are involved, Western blot analysis was conducted on these two proteins. No significant variations were observed in either receptor in MG-63 multicellular tumor spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Santini
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Pica F, Serafino A, Divizia M, Donia D, Fraschetti M, Sinibaldi-Salimei P, Giganti MG, Volpi A. Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus in BCBL-1 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; 27:226-32. [PMID: 16342195 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Association between extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and human cancers is controversial, and few studies have been conducted on their influence on oncogenic viruses. We studied the effects of 1 mT, 50 Hz sine waves, applied for 24-72 h, on Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) in BCBL-1, a latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell line. ELF-EMF exposure did not affect the growth and viability of BCBL-1 cells, either stimulated or not with TPA. The total amount of KSHV DNA detected in ELF-EMF exposed cultures not stimulated with TPA did not differ from that of the unexposed controls (P = ns). However, in the presence of TPA stimulation, total KSHV DNA content was found higher in ELF-EMF exposed than in control BCBL-1 cultures (P = .024) at 72 h exposure, but not earlier. Viral DNA increase significantly correlated with increased mean fluorescence intensity/cell for the lytic antigen gp K8.1A/B (P < .01), but not with percentage of gp K8.1A/B-positive cells or of cells containing virions. Viral progeny produced under ELF-EMF exposure consisted mainly of defective viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Ikehara T, Yamaguchi H, Hosokawa K, Houchi H, Park KH, Minakuchi K, Kashimoto H, Kitamura M, Kinouchi Y, Yoshizaki K, Miyamoto H. Effects of a time-varying strong magnetic field on transient increase in Ca2+ release induced by cytosolic Ca2+ in cultured pheochromocytoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1724:8-16. [PMID: 15890451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells to a time-varying 1.51 T magnetic field inhibited an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by addition of caffeine to Ca(2+)-free medium. This inhibition occurred after a 15-min exposure and was maintained for at least 2 h. [Ca2+]i sharply increased in cells loaded with cyclic ADP-ribose, and 2-h exposure significantly suppressed the increase. Addition of ATP induced a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ release mediated by IP3 receptor, and this increase was strongly inhibited by the exposure. Results indicated that the magnetic field exposure strongly inhibited Ca2+ release mediated by both IP3 and ryanodine receptors in PC 12 cells. However, thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ influx (capacitative Ca2+ entry) across the cell membrane was unaffected. The ATP content was maintained at the normal level during the 2-h exposure, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis was unchanged. Therefore, Mg2+ which is known to be released by ATP hydrolysis and inhibit intracellular Ca2+ release may not relate the exposure-caused inhibition. Eddy currents induced in culture medium appear to change cell membrane properties and indirectly inhibit Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum and other Ca2+ stores in PC 12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Ikehara
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiological Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Lisi A, Ciotti MT, Ledda M, Pieri M, Zona C, Mercanti D, Rieti S, Giuliani L, Grimaldi S. Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic radiation promote early maturation and differentiation in newborn rat cerebellar granule neurons. J Cell Physiol 2005; 204:532-8. [PMID: 15754325 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The wish of this work is the study of the effect of electromagnetic (EMF) radiations at a frequency of 50 Hz on the development of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Granule neurons, prepared from newborn rat cerebellum (8 days after birth), were cultured after plate-seeding in the presence of EMF radiations, with the plan of characterizing their cellular and molecular biochemistry, after exposure to the electromagnetic stimulus. Five days challenge to EMF radiations showed, by the cytotoxic glutamate (Glu) pulse test, a 30% decrease of cells survival, while only 5% of mortality was reported for unexposed sample. Moreover, blocking the glutamate receptor (GluR) with the Glu competitor MK-801, no toxicity effect after CGN challenge to EMF radiations and Glu was detected. By patch-clamp recording technique, the Kainate-induced currents from 6 days old exposed CGN exhibited a significant increase with respect to control cells. Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses show that EMF exposure of rats CGN, induces a change in both GluRs proteins and mRNAs expression with respect to control. In addition, the use of monoclonal antibody raised against neurofilament protein (NF-200) reveals an increase in NF-200 synthesis in the exposed CGN. All these results indicate that exposure to non-ionizing radiations contribute to a premature expression of GluRs reducing the life span of CGN, leading to a more rapid cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lisi
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
A major area of research in regenerative medicine is the potential application of stem cells in skin grafting and tissue engineering. This would require well defined and efficient protocols for directing the commitment and differentiation of stem cells into the keratinocyte lineage, together with their selective purification and proliferation in vitro. The development of such protocols would reduce the likelihood of spontaneous differentiation of stem cells into divergent lineages upon transplantation, as well as reduce the risk of teratoma formation in the case of embryonic stem cells. Additionally, such protocols could provide useful in vitro models for studying skin tissue biology, as well as facilitate the genetic manipulation of stem cells for therapeutic applications. The development of pharmacokinetic and cytotoxicity/genotoxicity screening tests for skin-related biomaterials and drugs could also utilize protocols developed for the commitment and differentiation of stem cells into the keratinocyte lineage. Hence, this review critically examines the various strategies that could be employed to direct the commitment and differentiation of stem cells into the keratinocyte lineage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chin Heng
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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