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Willis EA, Hales D, Smith FT, Burney R, El-Zaatari HM, Rzepka MC, Amft O, Barr R, Evenson KR, Kosorok MR, Ward DS. Feasibility and Acceptability of Wearable Sensor Placement for Measuring Screen Time of Children. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 7:e000214. [PMID: 36420110 PMCID: PMC9677178 DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose Wearables that include a color light sensor are a promising measure of electronic screen use in adults. However, to extend this approach to children, we need to understand feasibility of wear placement. The purpose of this study was to examine parent perceptions of children's acceptability of different sensor placements and feasibility of free-living 3- to 7-day wear protocols. Methods This study was conducted in three phases. In phase 1, caregivers (n=161) of 3- to 8-year-old children completed an online survey to rate aspects of fitting and likelihood of wear for seven methods (headband, eyeglasses, skin adhesive patch, shirt clip/badge, mask, necklace, and vest). In phase 2, children (n=31) were recruited to wear one of the top five prototypes for three days (n=6 per method). In phase 3, children (n=23) were recruited to wear prototypes of the top three prototypes from phase 2 (n=8 per method) for 7 days. In phases 2 and 3, parents completed wear logs and surveys about their experiences. Parents scored each wearable on three domains (ease of use, likelihood of wear, and child enjoyment). Scores were averaged to compute an everyday "usability" score (0, worst, to 200, best). Results Phase 1 results suggested that the headband, eyeglasses, patch, clip/badge, and vest had the best potential for long-term wear. In phase 2, time spent wearing prototypes and usability scores were highest for the eyeglasses (10.4 hours/day, score=155.4), clip/badge (9.8 hours/day, score=145.8), and vest (7.1 hours/day, score=141.7). In phase 3, wearing time and usability scores were higher for the clip/badge (9.4 hours/day, score=169.6) and eyeglasses (6.5 hours/day, score=145.3) compared to the vest (4.8 hours/day, score=112.5). Conclusion Results indicate that wearable sensors clipped to a child's shirt or embedded into eyeglasses are feasible and acceptable wear methods in free-living settings. The next step is to asses the quality, validity, and reliability of data captured using these wear methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Falon T. Smith
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Regan Burney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Helal M. El-Zaatari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michelle C. Rzepka
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Oliver Amft
- Chair of Digital Health, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Intelligent Embedded Systems Laboratory, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Barr
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael R. Kosorok
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Parry DA, Davidson BI, Sewall CJR, Fisher JT, Mieczkowski H, Quintana DS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of discrepancies between logged and self-reported digital media use. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:1535-1547. [PMID: 34002052 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is widespread public and academic interest in understanding the uses and effects of digital media. Scholars primarily use self-report measures of the quantity or duration of media use as proxies for more objective measures, but the validity of these self-reports remains unclear. Advancements in data collection techniques have produced a collection of studies indexing both self-reported and log-based measures. To assess the alignment between these measures, we conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis of this research. Based on 106 effect sizes, we found that self-reported media use correlates only moderately with logged measurements, that self-reports were rarely an accurate reflection of logged media use and that measures of problematic media use show an even weaker association with usage logs. These findings raise concerns about the validity of findings relying solely on self-reported measures of media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Parry
- Department of Information Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Brittany I Davidson
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Craig J R Sewall
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacob T Fisher
- College of Media, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Quintana
- NORMENT, Center for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hodes LN, Thomas KG. Smartphone Screen Time: Inaccuracy of self-reports and influence of psychological and contextual factors. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Odemer R, Odemer F. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:553-562. [PMID: 30682608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phones can be found almost everywhere across the globe, upholding a direct point-to-point connection between the device and the broadcast tower. The emission of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) puts the surrounding environment inevitably into contact with this radiation. We have therefore exposed honey bee queen larvae to the radiation of a common mobile phone device (GSM band at 900 MHz) during all stages of their pre-adult development including pupation. After 14 days of exposure, hatching of adult queens was assessed and mating success after further 11 days, respectively. Moreover, full colonies were established of five of the untreated and four of the treated queens to contrast population dynamics. We found that mobile phone radiation had significantly reduced the hatching ratio but not the mating success. If treated queens had successfully mated, colony development was not adversely affected. We provide evidence that mobile phone radiation may alter pupal development, once succeeded this point, no further impairment has manifested in adulthood. Our results are discussed against the background of long-lasting consequences for colony performance and the possible implication on periodic colony losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Odemer
- University of Hohenheim, Apicultural State Institute, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Franziska Odemer
- University of Hohenheim, Apicultural State Institute, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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Kiyohara K, Wake K, Watanabe S, Arima T, Sato Y, Kojimahara N, Taki M, Cardis E, Yamaguchi N. Long-term recall accuracy for mobile phone calls in young Japanese people: A follow-up validation study using software-modified phones. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:166-172. [PMID: 28000687 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined changes in recall accuracy for mobile phone calls over a long period. Japanese students' actual call statuses were monitored for 1 month using software-modified phones (SMPs). Three face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding self-reported call status during the monitoring period: first interview: immediately after the monitoring period; second interview: after 10-12 months; third interview: after 48-55 months. Using the SMP records as the "gold standard", phone call recall accuracy was assessed for each interview. Data for 94 participants were analyzed. The number of calls made was underestimated considerably and the duration of calls was overestimated slightly in all interviews. Agreement between self-report and SMP records regarding the number of calls, duration of calls and laterality (i.e., use of the dominant ear while making calls) gradually deteriorated with the increase in the interval following the monitoring period (number of calls: first interview: Pearson's r=0.641, third interview: 0.396; duration of calls: first interview: Pearson's r=0.763, third interview: 0.356; laterality: first interview: weighted-κ=0.677, third interview: 0.448). Thus, recall accuracy for mobile phone calls would be consistently imperfect over a long period, and the results of related epidemiological studies should be interpreted carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Wake
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Arima
- Division of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuto Sato
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kojimahara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Taki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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An explanation for under-estimation of high mobile phone use. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:990-992. [PMID: 29459103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mireku MO, Mueller W, Fleming C, Chang I, Dumontheil I, Thomas MSC, Eeftens M, Elliott P, Röösli M, Toledano MB. Total recall in the SCAMP cohort: Validation of self-reported mobile phone use in the smartphone era. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:1-8. [PMID: 29096315 PMCID: PMC5773244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use, predominantly smartphones, is almost ubiquitous amongst both adults and children. However adults and children have different usage patterns. A major challenge with research on mobile phone use is the reliability of self-reported phone activity for accurate exposure assessment. We investigated the agreement between self-reported mobile phone use data and objective mobile operator traffic data in a subset of adolescents aged 11-12 years participating in the Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP) cohort. We examined self-reported mobile phone use, including call frequency, cumulative call time duration and text messages sent among adolescents from SCAMP and matched these data with records provided by mobile network operators (n = 350). The extent of agreement between self-reported mobile phone use and mobile operator traffic data use was evaluated using Cohen's weighted Kappa (ĸ) statistics. Sensitivity and specificity of self-reported low (< 1 call/day, ≤ 5min of call/day or ≤ 5 text messages sent/day) and high (≥ 11 calls/day, > 30min of call/day or ≥ 11 text messages sent /day) use were estimated. Agreement between self-reported mobile phone use and mobile operator traffic data was highest for the duration spent talking on mobile phones per day on weekdays (38.9%) and weekends (29.4%) compared to frequency of calls and number of text messages sent. Adolescents overestimated their mobile phone use during weekends compared to weekdays. Analysis of agreement showed little difference overall between the sexes and socio-economic groups. Weighted kappa between self-reported and mobile operator traffic data for call frequency during weekdays was κ = 0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.18. Of the three modes of mobile phone use measured in the questionnaire, call frequency was the most sensitive for low mobile phone users on weekdays and weekends (77.1, 95% CI: 69.3-83.7 and 72.0, 95% CI: 65.0-78.4, respectively). Specificity was moderate to high for high users with the highest for call frequency during weekdays (98.4, 95% CI: 96.4-99.5). Despite differential agreement between adolescents' self-reported mobile phone use and mobile operator traffic data, our findings demonstrate that self-reported usage adequately distinguishes between high and low use. The greater use of mobile smartphones over Wi-Fi networks by adolescents, as opposed to mobile phone networks, means operator data are not the gold standard for exposure assessment in this age group. This has important implications for epidemiologic research on the health effects of mobile phone use in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Mireku
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - William Mueller
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Charlotte Fleming
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Irene Chang
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Iroise Dumontheil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Michael S C Thomas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Marloes Eeftens
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London and Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Birks L, Guxens M, Papadopoulou E, Alexander J, Ballester F, Estarlich M, Gallastegi M, Ha M, Haugen M, Huss A, Kheifets L, Lim H, Olsen J, Santa-Marina L, Sudan M, Vermeulen R, Vrijkotte T, Cardis E, Vrijheid M. Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 104:122-131. [PMID: 28392066 PMCID: PMC5506372 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have reported associations between prenatal cell phone use and child behavioral problems, but findings have been inconsistent and based on retrospective assessment of cell phone use. This study aimed to assess this association in a multi-national analysis, using data from three cohorts with prospective data on prenatal cell phone use, together with previously published data from two cohorts with retrospectively collected cell phone use data. METHODS We used individual participant data from 83,884 mother-child pairs in the five cohorts from Denmark (1996-2002), Korea (2006-2011), the Netherlands (2003-2004), Norway (2004-2008), and Spain (2003-2008). We categorized cell phone use into none, low, medium, and high, based on frequency of calls during pregnancy reported by the mothers. Child behavioral problems (reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or Child Behavior Checklist) were classified in the borderline/clinical and clinical ranges using validated cut-offs in children aged 5-7years. Cohort specific risk estimates were meta-analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 38.8% of mothers, mostly from the Danish cohort, reported no cell phone use during pregnancy and these mothers were less likely to have a child with overall behavioral, hyperactivity/inattention or emotional problems. Evidence for a trend of increasing risk of child behavioral problems through the maternal cell phone use categories was observed for hyperactivity/inattention problems (OR for problems in the clinical range: 1.11, 95%CI 1.01, 1.22; 1.28, 95%CI 1.12, 1.48, among children of medium and high users, respectively). This association was fairly consistent across cohorts and between cohorts with retrospectively and prospectively collected cell phone use data. CONCLUSIONS Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk for behavioral problems, particularly hyperactivity/inattention problems, in the offspring. The interpretation of these results is unclear as uncontrolled confounding may influence both maternal cell phone use and child behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Birks
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mara Gallastegi
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Begiristain Doctorea Pasealekua, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Medicine, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University, College of Medicine, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Jukjeon 1, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leeka Kheifets
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hyungryul Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University, College of Medicine, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Jukjeon 1, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Begiristain Doctorea Pasealekua, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, De Francia Ibilbidea, 12, 20012 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Madhuri Sudan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, Spain
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Gustafsson E, Thomée S, Grimby-Ekman A, Hagberg M. Texting on mobile phones and musculoskeletal disorders in young adults: A five-year cohort study. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 58:208-214. [PMID: 27633215 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to examine whether texting on a mobile phone is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremities in a population of young adults. In a longitudinal population-based cohort study with Swedish young adults (aged 20-24 years) data were collected via a web-based questionnaire at baseline (n = 7092) and after one and five years. Cross-sectional associations were found between text messaging and reported ongoing symptoms in neck and upper extremities (odds ratios, ORs 1.3-2.0). Among symptom-free at baseline prospective associations were only found between text messaging and new cases of reported symptoms in the hand/fingers (OR 2.0) at one year follow up. Among those with symptoms at baseline prospective associations were found between text messaging and maintained pain in neck/upper back (OR 1.6). The results imply mostly short-term effects, and to a lesser extent, long-term effects on musculoskeletal disorders in neck and upper extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gustafsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Sara Thomée
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Grimby-Ekman
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Mats Hagberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Kiyohara K, Wake K, Watanabe S, Arima T, Sato Y, Kojimahara N, Taki M, Yamaguchi N. Recall accuracy of mobile phone calls among Japanese young people. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:566-574. [PMID: 25783661 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the recall accuracy of mobile phone calls among young people using new software-modified phone (SMP) technology. A total of 198 Japanese students aged between 10 and 24 years were instructed to use a SMP for 1 month to record their actual call statuses. Ten to 12 months after this period, face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain the self-reported call statuses during the monitoring period. Using the SMP record as the gold standard of validation, the recall accuracy of phone calls was evaluated. A total of 19% of the participants (34/177) misclassified their laterality (i.e., the dominant side of ear used while making calls), with the level of agreement being moderate (κ-statistics, 0.449). The level of agreement between the self-reports and SMP records was relatively good for the duration of calls (Pearson's r, 0.620), as compared with the number of calls (Pearson's r, 0.561). The recall was prone to small systematic and large random errors for both the number and duration of calls. Such a large random recall error for the amount of calls and misclassification of laterality suggest that the results of epidemiological studies of mobile phone use based on self-assessment should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Wake
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Arima
- Division of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuto Sato
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kojimahara
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Taki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Histological and histochemical study of the protective role of rosemary extract against harmful effect of cell phone electromagnetic radiation on the parotid glands. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:478-85. [PMID: 27155802 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are a class of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) that is emitted from mobile phone. It may have hazardous effects on parotid glands. So, we aimed to investigate the histological and histochemical changes of the parotid glands of rats exposed to mobile phone and study the possible protective role of rosemary against its harmful effect. Forty adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were classified into 4 equal groups. Group I (control), group II (control receiving rosemary), group III (mobile phone exposed group) and group IV (mobile exposed, rosemary treated group). Parotid glands were dissected out for histological and histochemical study. Moreover, measurement of oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was done. The results of this study revealed that rosemary has protective effect through improving the histological and histochemical picture of the parotid gland in addition of its antioxidant effect. It could be concluded from the current study, that exposure of parotid gland of rat models to electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone resulted in structural changes at the level of light and electron microscopic examination which could be explained by oxidative stress effect of mobile phone. Rosemary could play a protective role against this harmful effect through its antioxidant activity.
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12
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Cho YM, Lim HJ, Jang H, Kim K, Choi JW, Shin C, Lee SK, Kwon JH, Kim N. A cross-sectional study of the association between mobile phone use and symptoms of ill health. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:e2016022. [PMID: 27788568 PMCID: PMC5144583 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study analyzed the associations between mobile phone call frequency and duration with non-specific symptoms. METHODS This study was conducted with a population group including 532 non-patient adults established by the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The pattern of phone call using a mobile phone was investigated through face-to-face interview. Structured methods applied to quantitatively assess health effects are Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 12-item Short Form Health Survey where a higher score represents a higher greater health effect. RESULTS The average daily phone call frequency showed a significant correlation with the PSS score in female subjects. Increases in the average duration of one phone call were significantly correlated with increases in the severity of headaches in both sexes. The mean (standard deviation) HIT-6 score in the subgroup of subjects whose average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer was 45.98 (8.15), as compared with 42.48 (7.20) in those whose average duration of one phone call was <5 minutes. The severity of headaches was divided into three levels according to the HIT-6 score (little or no impact/moderate impact/substantial or severe impact), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between an increased phone call duration and the headache severity. When the average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer, the odds ratio (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the moderate impact group were 2.22 and 1.18 to 4.19, respectively. The OR and 95% CI for the substantial or severe impact group were 4.44 and 2.11 to 8.90, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mobile phone call duration was not significantly associated with stress, sleep, cognitive function, or depression, but was associated with the severity of headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min Cho
- Institute for Life and Environment Technology, Smartive Corporation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lim
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Jang
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Kim
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Choi
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Jae Wook Choi, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea Tel: +82-2-2286-1470 Fax: +82-2-927-7220 E-mail:
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genome Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genome Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Kwon
- EM Environment Research Team, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- Division of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
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13
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Gold JE, Rauscher KJ, Zhu M. A validity study of self-reported daily texting frequency, cell phone characteristics, and texting styles among young adults. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:120. [PMID: 25890089 PMCID: PMC4397870 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Texting is associated with adverse health effects including musculoskeletal disorders, sleep disturbances, and traffic crashes. Many studies have relied on self-reported texting frequency, yet the validity of self-reports is unknown. Our objective was to provide some of the first data on the validity of self-reported texting frequency, cell phone characteristics including input device (e.g. touchscreen), key configuration (e.g., QWERTY), and texting styles including phone orientation (e.g., horizontal) and hands holding the phone while texting. Methods Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and observation of a texting task among college students ages 18 to 24. To gauge agreement between self-reported and phone bill-derived categorical number of daily text messages sent, we calculated percent of agreement, Spearman correlation coefficient, and a linear weighted kappa statistic. For agreement between self-reported and observed cell phone characteristics and texting styles we calculated percentages of agreement. We used chi-square tests to detect significant differences (α = 0.05) by gender and study protocol. Results There were 106 participants; 87 of which had complete data for texting frequency analyses. Among these 87, there was 26% (95% CI: 21–31) agreement between self-reported and phone bill-derived number of daily text messages sent with a Spearman’s rho of 0.48 and a weighted kappa of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.06-0.27). Among those who did not accurately report the number of daily texts sent, 81% overestimated this number. Among the full sample (n = 106), there was high agreement between self-reported and observed texting input device (96%, 95% CI: 91–99), key configuration (89%, 95% CI: 81–94), and phone orientation while texting (93%, 95% CI: 86–97). No differences were found by gender or study protocol among any items. Conclusions While young adults correctly reported their cell phone’s characteristics and phone orientation while texting, most incorrectly estimated the number of daily text messages they sent. This suggests that while self-reported texting frequency may be useful for studies where relative ordering is adequate, it should not be used in epidemiologic studies to identify a risk threshold. For these studies, it is recommended that a less biased measure, such as a cell phone bill, be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Gold
- Department of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,West Virginia University Injury Control Research Center, PO Box 9151, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Kimberly J Rauscher
- West Virginia University Injury Control Research Center, PO Box 9151, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Motao Zhu
- West Virginia University Injury Control Research Center, PO Box 9151, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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14
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Zalata A, El-Samanoudy AZ, Shaalan D, El-Baiomy Y, Mostafa T. In vitro effect of cell phone radiation on motility, DNA fragmentation and clusterin gene expression in human sperm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:129-36. [PMID: 25918601 PMCID: PMC4410031 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Use of cellular phones emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic field
(RF-EMF) has been increased exponentially and become a part of everyday life. This
study aimed to investigate the effects of in vitro RF-EMF exposure emitted from cellular
phones on sperm motility index, sperm DNA fragmentation and seminal clusterin (CLU)
gene expression. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, a total of 124 semen samples were
grouped into the following main categories: i. normozoospermia (N, n=26), ii. asthenozoospermia (A, n=32), iii. asthenoteratozoospermia (AT, n=31) and iv. oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT, n=35). The same semen samples were then divided into two portions non-exposed and exposed samples to cell phone radiation for 1 hour. Before and
immediately after exposure, both aliquots were subjected to different assessments for
sperm motility, acrosin activity, sperm DNA fragmentation and CLU gene expression.
Statistical differences were analyzed using paired t student test for comparisons between
two sub-groups where p<0.05 was set as significant. Results There was a significant decrease in sperm motility, sperm linear velocity,
sperm linearity index, and sperm acrosin activity, whereas there was a significant
increase in sperm DNA fragmentation percent, CLU gene expression and CLU protein levels in the exposed semen samples to RF-EMF compared with non-exposed
samples in OAT>AT>A>N groups, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion Cell phone emissions have a negative impact on exposed sperm motility index, sperm acrosin activity, sperm DNA fragmentation and seminal CLU gene expression,
especially in OAT cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Zalata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Z El-Samanoudy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Shaalan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youssef El-Baiomy
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Baliatsas C, Bolte J, Yzermans J, Kelfkens G, Hooiveld M, Lebret E, van Kamp I. Actual and perceived exposure to electromagnetic fields and non-specific physical symptoms: an epidemiological study based on self-reported data and electronic medical records. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:331-44. [PMID: 25704188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is continuing scientific debate and increasing public concern regarding the possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on general population's health. To date, no epidemiological study has investigated the possible association between actual and perceived EMF exposure and non-specific physical symptoms (NSPS) and sleep quality, using both self-reported and general practice (GP)-registered data. METHODS A health survey of adult (≥ 18) participants (n=5933) in the Netherlands was combined with the electronic medical records (EMRs) of NSPS as registered by general practitioners. Characterization of actual exposure was based on several proxies, such as prediction models of radiofrequency (RF)-EMF exposure, geo-coded distance to high-voltage overhead power lines and self-reported use/distance of/to indoor electrical appliances. Perceived exposure and the role of psychological variables were also examined. RESULTS Perceived exposure had a poor correlation with the actual exposure estimates. No significant association was found between modeled RF-EMF exposure and the investigated outcomes. Associations with NSPS were observed for use of an electric blanket and close distance to an electric charger during sleep. Perceived exposure, perceived control and avoidance behavior were associated with the examined outcomes. The association between perceived exposure was stronger for self-reported than for GP-registered NSPS. There was some indication, but no consistent pattern for an interaction between idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI-EMF) and the association between actual exposure and NSPS. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, there is no convincing evidence for an association between everyday life RF-EMF exposure and NSPS and sleep quality in the population. Better exposure characterization, in particular with respect to sources of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) is needed to draw more solid conclusions. We argue that perceived exposure is an independent determinant of NSPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Baliatsas
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - John Bolte
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Yzermans
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Kelfkens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Hooiveld
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lebret
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Irene van Kamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Berolo S, Steenstra I, Amick BC, Wells RP. A comparison of two methods to assess the usage of mobile hand-held communication devices. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12:276-285. [PMID: 25436479 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2014.973111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to: 1) examine agreement between self-reported measures of mobile device use and direct measures of use, and 2) understand how respondents thought about their device use when they provided self-reports. Self-reports of six categories of device use were obtained using a previously developed questionnaire, and direct measures of use were collected using a custom logging application (n = 47). Bland-Altman analyses were used to examine agreement between the two measurement approaches. Interviews targeted participants' experiences completing the device use section of the questionnaire. Self-reports of use on a typical day last week overestimated logged use. Overestimates tended to be low at low average usage times, and became more variable as usage time increased. Self-reports of use yesterday also exceeded logged use, however the degree of overestimation was less than for a typical day last week. Six themes were identified from interviews, including the thought process used by participants to arrive at usage and the ease of reporting usage. It is challenging for respondents of this questionnaire to provide accurate self-reports of use. The source of this challenge may be attributed to the intrinsic difficulty of estimating use, partly due to the multiple functions of the devices as well as the variability of use both within a day and a week. Research investigating the relationship between device use and health outcomes should include a logging application to examine exposure simultaneously with self-reports to better understand the sources of hazardous exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Berolo
- a Department of Kinesiology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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