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Nyariki JN, Kimani NM, Kibet PS, Kinuthia GK, Isaac AO. Coenzyme Q10 exhibits anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory thereby decelerating the occurrence of experimental cerebral malaria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 255:111579. [PMID: 37385350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Malaria (CM) is associated with the complex neurological syndrome, whose pathology is mediated by severe inflammatory processes following infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Coenzyme-Q10 (Co-Q10) is a potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent with numerous clinical applications. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of oral administration of Co-Q10 on the initiation or regulation of inflammatory immune response during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). For this purpose, the pre-clinical effect of Co-Q10 was evaluated in C57BL/6 J mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). Treatment with Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltrating parasite load, greatly improved the survival rate of PbA-infected mice that occurred independent of parasitaemia and prevented PbA-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltration of effector CD8 + T cells in the brain and secretion of cytolytic Granzyme B molecules. Notably, Co-Q10-treated mice had reduced levels of CD8 +T cell chemokines CXCR3, CCR2, and CCR5 in the brain following PbA-infection. Brain tissue analysis showed a reduction in the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF- α, CCL3, and RANTES in Co-Q10 administered mice. In addition, Co-Q10 modulated the differentiation and maturation of both splenic and brain dendritic cells and cross-presentation (CD8α+DCs) during ECM. Remarkably, Co-Q10 was very effective in decreasing levels of CD86, MHC-II, and CD40 in macrophages associated with ECM pathology. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in increased expression levels of Arginase-1 and Ym1/chitinase 3-like 3, which is linked to ECM protection. Furthermore, Co-Q10 supplementation prevented PbA-induced depletion of Arginase and CD206 mannose receptor levels. Co-Q10 abrogated PbA-driven elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6 levels. In conclusion, the oral supplementation with Co-Q10 decelerates the occurrence of ECM by preventing lethal inflammatory immune responses and dampening genes associated with inflammation and immune-pathology during ECM, and offers an inimitable opening for developing an anti-inflammatory agent against cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical of University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Njogu M Kimani
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, P.O Box 6-60100 Embu, Kenya
| | - Peter Shikuku Kibet
- Department of Pathology, Hematology and Blood Transfusion thematic unit, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey K Kinuthia
- Department of Science & Public Health, Daystar University, PO Box 44400-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, School Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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Fakhrolmobasheri M, Hosseini MS, Shahrokh SG, Mohammadi Z, Kahlani MJ, Majidi SE, Zeinalian M. Coenzyme Q10 and Its Therapeutic Potencies Against COVID-19 and Other Similar Infections: A Molecular Review. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:233-243. [PMID: 37342382 PMCID: PMC10278218 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: New lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently, has been converted to a disastrous pandemic worldwide. As there has been found no definitive treatment for the infection in this review we focused on molecular aspects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and possible therapeutic potencies of CoQ10 against COVID-19 and similar infections. Methods: This is a narrative review in which we used some authentic resources including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and some preprint databases, the molecular aspects of CoQ10 effects, regarding to the COVID-19 pathogenesis, have been analyzed and discussed. Results: CoQ10 is an essential cofactor in the electron transport chain of the phosphorylative oxidation system. It is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory supplement which has been tested for the management and prevention of a variety of diseases particularly diseases with inflammatory pathogenesis. CoQ10 is a strong anti-inflammatory agent which can reduce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)- 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other inflammatory cytokines. The cardio-protective role of CoQ10 in improving viral myocarditis and drug induced cardiotoxicity has been determined in different studies. CoQ10 could also improve the interference in the RAS system caused by COVID-19 through exerting anti-Angiotensin II effects and decreasing oxidative stress. CoQ10 passes easily through blood-brain barrier (BBB). As a neuroprotective agent CoQ10 can reduce oxidative stress and modulate the immunologic reactions. These properties may help to reduce CNS inflammation and prevent BBB damage and neuronal apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: CoQ10 supplementation may prevent the COVID-19-induced morbidities with a potential protective role against the deleterious consequences of the disease, further clinical evaluations are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz-Sadat Hosseini
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Ghazal Shahrokh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Kahlani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Erfan Majidi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Iranians Cancer Control Charity Institute (MACSA), Isfahan, Iran
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Moreno-Fernandez J, Ochoa JJ, De Paco Matallana C, Caño A, Martín-Alvarez E, Sanchez-Romero J, Toledano JM, Puche-Juarez M, Prados S, Ruiz-Duran S, Diaz-Meca L, Carrillo MP, Diaz-Castro J. COVID-19 during Gestation: Maternal Implications of Evoked Oxidative Stress and Iron Metabolism Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020184. [PMID: 35204067 PMCID: PMC8868249 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has reached pandemic proportions worldwide, with considerable consequences for both health and the economy. In pregnant women, COVID-19 can alter the metabolic environment, iron metabolism, and oxygen supply of trophoblastic cells, and therefore have a negative influence on essential mechanisms of fetal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy with regard to the oxidative/antioxidant status in mothers’ serum and placenta, together with placental iron metabolism. Results showed no differences in superoxide dismutase activity and placental antioxidant capacity. However, antioxidant capacity decreased in the serum of infected mothers. Catalase activity decreased in the COVID-19 group, while an increase in 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, hydroperoxides, 15-FT-isoprostanes, and carbonyl groups were recorded in this group. Placental vitamin D, E, and Coenzyme-Q10 also showed to be increased in the COVID-19 group. As for iron-related proteins, an up-regulation of placental DMT1, ferroportin-1, and ferritin expression was recorded in infected women. Due to the potential role of iron metabolism and oxidative stress in placental function and complications, further research is needed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 that may affect pregnancy, so as to assess the short-term and long-term outcomes in mothers’ and infants’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Clinical Medicine and Public Health Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.O.); (C.D.P.M.)
| | - Catalina De Paco Matallana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.S.-R.); (L.D.-M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.O.); (C.D.P.M.)
| | - Africa Caño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Cecilio Universitary Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Estefania Martín-Alvarez
- Unit of Neonatology, Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Javier Sanchez-Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.S.-R.); (L.D.-M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Prados
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Cecilio Universitary Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Susana Ruiz-Duran
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Lucia Diaz-Meca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.S.-R.); (L.D.-M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Paz Carrillo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18012 Granada, Spain
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Teran E, Hernández I, Tana L, Teran S, Galaviz-Hernandez C, Sosa-Macías M, Molina G, Calle A. Mitochondria and Coenzyme Q10 in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1561. [PMID: 30498451 PMCID: PMC6249996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy constitute one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality across the world and particularly in developing countries such as Ecuador. However, despite its impact on public health, the primary pathophysiological processes involved are yet to be elucidated. It has been proposed, among other theories, that an abnormal placentation may induce an endothelial dysfunction, which is ultimately responsible for the final clinical manifestations. Mitochondria, particularly from trophoblastic cells, are responsible for the production of energy, which is extremely important for normal placentation. The malfunction in this supply of energy may produce higher levels of free radicals. In both production of energy and free radicals, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a crucial role in electron transport. As such, the role of CoQ10 in the genesis and prevention of preeclampsia has become the focus of a number of research groups, including that of the authors. Developing an in-depth understanding of these mechanisms might allow us to design new and feasible strategies with which we can reduce preeclampsia, particularly in the Latin-American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Facultad de Enfermería, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Leandro Tana
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Gustavo Molina
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Calle
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Shah SA, Sander S, Cios D, Lipeika J, Kluger J, White CM. Electrocardiographic and Hemodynamic Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 41:420-5. [PMID: 17341532 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1h539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coenzyme Q10 (C0Q10) is an endogenous cofactor required for mitochondrial energy production and touted to treat heart failure and prevent statin-induced myopathy. In guinea pig ventricular myocytes, C0Q10 prolongs action potential duration, an effect that might prolong the QTc interval in humans. Additionally, C0Q10 reduced blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Objective: To determine the electrocardiographic (ECG) and hemodynamic impact of C0Q10 in healthy individuals. Methods: Healthy volunteers (N = 26; 62% male, age 24 ± 3 y) were randomized to receive a single dose of C0Q10 50 mg and matching placebo in a crossover fashion with a 7 day washout period between treatments. Twelve-lead ECGs, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and other hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index) were evaluated immediately before (baseline) and 1, 3, 5, and 8 hours after ingestion of the study drug. ECG parameters (P wave and QRS complex duration; PR, QT, QTc, and RR intervals) were measured in lead II by one blinded investigator. For each time point, duplicate blood pressure levels were taken manually and then averaged. Hemodynamic parameters were measured using bioelectrical impedance cardiography. Results: C0Q10 had no effect on any of the evaluated ECG parameters. The maximum postdosing systolic blood pressure showed a statistically significant increase with C0Q10 (117 ± 10 vs 119 ± 10 mm Hg; p = 0.037), an effect driven by increases in cardiac index (3.09 vs 2.95 L/min/m2; p = 0.017). However, blood pressure elevation was most evident at the 5 hour timepoint (116 ± 10 vs 113 ± 11 mm Hg; p = 0.049) and was only transient. There were no differences between groups for maximum postdosing diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: One dose of CoQ10 does not have any effect on ECG variables and exhibits only mild and transient effect on systolic blood pressure in young, healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin A Shah
- University of Connecticut and Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
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Dakshinamurti S, Dakshinamurti K. Antihypertensive and neuroprotective actions of pyridoxine and its derivatives. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:1083-90. [PMID: 26281007 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role in the nervous system as the amino acid decarboxylases involved in the synthesis of all putative neurotransmitters requires the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. Vitamin B6 in its various forms has antioxidant properties. Pyridoxal phosphate has a role in regulating cellular calcium transport through both the voltage-mediated and ATP-mediated purinergic mechanisms of cellular calcium influx and, hence, has a role in the control of hypertension. Pharmacological doses of vitamin B6 appear to decrease the high blood pressure associated with both genetic and nongenetic models of hypertension. Vitamin B6 has a crucial role in the normal function of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also protects against ischemia and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- a Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti
- b St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Juanak N. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic profile in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2015; 40:413-8. [PMID: 25913756 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE CoenzymeQ10 (CoQ10 ), or ubiquinone, is an endogenous enzyme cofactor produced by most human cells. It is a potent antioxidant and is necessary for energy production in mitochondria. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with multiple metabolic abnormalities, principally resulting from the inflammation and oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions. Clinical trials of the effects of supplementary CoQ10 on metabolic control in diabetes have reported inconsistent results. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on glycaemic control, lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with diabetes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, NCCAM, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and historical search of reference lists of relevant articles. The bibliographic databases were searched from inception to February 2015. We included randomized, placebo-controlled trials of CoQ10 in diabetes lasting at least 12 weeks. HbA1c or fasting plasma glucose had to be reported. Primary outcome was glycemic control, and secondary outcomes were lipid profile and blood pressure. Treatment effect was estimated with mean difference. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Seven trials were included in the meta-analysis, involving 356 patients. Neither CoQ10 alone nor CoQ10 plus fenofibrate improved glycemic control. In addition, CoQ10, alone or in combination with fenofibrate, did not alter LDL-C, HDL-C and blood pressure. Triglycerides levels were significantly reduced with CoQ10 (mean difference -0·26 mmol/L, 95% CI -0·05 mmol/L to -0·47 mmol/L, P = 0·02) and CoQ10 plus fenofibrate (mean difference -0·72 mmol/L, 95% CI -0·32 mmol/L to -1·12 mmol/L, P = 0·0004). CoQ10 plus fenofibrate also effectively reduced total cholesterol (mean difference: -0·45 mmol/L, 95% CI -0·06 mmol/L to -0·84 mmol/L, P = 0·02). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 supplementation has no beneficial effects on glycemic control, lipid profile or blood pressure in patients with diabetes. However, it may reduce triglycerides levels. Due to limited data availability, well-powered and well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to clearly determine the effect of CoQ10 on metabolic profile in diabetes. Dosage effects should also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suksomboon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Poolsup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon-Pathom, Thailand
| | - N Juanak
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of coenzyme Q10 therapy in hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:261-70. [PMID: 22113168 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to examine the effects of adjunctive coenzyme Q(10) therapy on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in subjects with the metabolic syndrome and inadequate BP control. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week crossover trial, coenzyme Q(10) (100 mg twice daily) or placebo was administrated to 30 subjects with the metabolic syndrome, and inadequate BP control (an average clinic BP of ≥140 systolic mm Hg or ≥130 mm Hg for patients with type 2 diabetes) while taking an unchanged, conventional antihypertensive regimen. Clinic and 24-h ambulatory BP were assessed pre- and post-treatment phases. The primary outcomes were the changes in 24-h systolic and diastolic BP during adjunctive therapy with coenzyme Q(10) vs. placebo and prespecified secondary outcomes included changes in BP loads. RESULTS Compared with placebo, treatment with coenzyme Q(10) was not associated with statistically significant reductions in systolic (P = 0.60) or diastolic 24-h ambulatory BP (P = 0.12) or heart rate (P = 0.10), although daytime diastolic BP loads, were significantly lower during coenzyme Q(10) administration with thresholds set at >90 mm Hg (P = 0.007) and ≥85 mm Hg (P = 0.03). Coenzyme Q(10) was well tolerated and was not associated with any clinically relevant changes in safety parameters. CONCLUSIONS Although it is possible that coenzyme Q(10) may improve BP control under some circumstances, any effects are likely to be smaller than reported in previous meta-analyses. Furthermore, our data suggest that coenzyme Q(10) is not currently indicated as adjunctive antihypertensive treatment for patients with the metabolic syndrome whose BP control is inadequate, despite regular antihypertensive therapy.
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9
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Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Arterial Stiffness, Metabolic Parameters, and Fatigue in Obese Subjects: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study. J Med Food 2011; 14:386-90. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Abdallah GM, El-Sayed ESM, Abo-Salem OM. Effect of lead toxicity on coenzyme Q levels in rat tissues. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1753-6. [PMID: 20385196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a persistent and common environmental contaminant, which chiefly plays a significant role in modern industry. Coenzyme Q acts as electron and proton carrier in mitochondria and functions as an antioxidant in its reduced form (ubiquinol). To investigate the hazardous effects of lead on the coenzyme Q level, rats were injected i.p. with lead acetate (5 mg/kg b.wt. daily for 6 weeks). Our results showed that the levels of both oxidized (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol) forms of coenzyme Q(9) and Q(10) in serum, brain, liver and kidney of lead-treated rats are quite different depending on the organ tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamil M Abdallah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt
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Nishimura A, Fujimura M, Hasegawa F, Shibata N. Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Nifedipine and Coenzyme Q10 in Rats: A New Type of Drug-Supplement Interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Nishimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Mari Fujimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Fuyuka Hasegawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Nobuhito Shibata
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
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Evidence for a causal role of oxidative stress in the myocardial complications of insulin resistance. Heart Lung Circ 2008; 18:11-8. [PMID: 19119069 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Kimura I, Kimura M, Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T, Koya S. Can Coenzyme Q10 Lead to Improvement of Essential Hypertension?: A Long-Term Case Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kimura
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Toyama College
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Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a powerful antioxidant that buffers the potential adverse consequences of free radicals produced during oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Oxidative stress, resulting in glutathione loss and oxidative DNA and protein damage, has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Experimental studies in animal models suggest that CoQ10 may protect against neuronal damage that is produced by ischemia, atherosclerosis and toxic injury. Though most have tended to be pilot studies, there are published preliminary clinical trials showing that CoQ10 may offer promise in many brain disorders. For example, a 16-month randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial in 80 subjects with mild Parkinson's disease found significant benefits for oral CoQ10 1,200 mg/day to slow functional deterioration. However, to date, there are no published clinical trials of CoQ10 in Alzheimer's disease. Available data suggests that oral CoQ10 seems to be relatively safe and tolerated across the range of 300-2,400 mg/day. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm CoQ10's safety and promise as a clinically effective neuroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joyce Young
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
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Sander S, Coleman CI, Patel AA, Kluger J, White CM. The impact of coenzyme Q10 on systolic function in patients with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail 2006; 12:464-72. [PMID: 16911914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an endogenous cofactor in the mitochondrial energy production. CoQ10 has been touted to improve heart failure, but its effect on systolic function is controversial. Several small, randomized controlled trials evaluating CoQ10 showed variable results and were largely underpowered. We conducted a meta-analysis of these trials to evaluate the impact of CoQ10 therapy on ejection fraction and cardiac output. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify randomized, controlled trials of CoQ10 in heart failure between 1966 and June 2005. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess clinical heterogeneity between trials. Of the 11 trials identified, 10 evaluated ejection fraction (n = 277) and 2 evaluated cardiac output (n = 42). Doses ranged from 60 to 200 mg/day with treatment periods ranging from 1 to 6 months. There was a 3.7% net improvement in ejection fraction (95% CI 1.59-5.77; P < .00001 for statistical heterogeneity). A more profound effect among patients not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was observed (6.74% [95% CI 2.63-10.86]). Cardiac output increased an average of 0.28 L/minute (95% CI 0.03-0.53; P = .96 for statistical heterogeneity). CONCLUSION CoQ10 enhances systolic function in chronic heart failure, but its effectiveness may be reduced with concomitant use of current standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sander
- University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Hathcock JN, Shao A. Risk assessment for coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 45:282-8. [PMID: 16814438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) widely occurs in organisms and tissues, and is produced and used as both a drug and dietary supplement. Increasing evidence of health benefits of orally administered CoQ10 are leading to daily consumption in larger amounts, and this increase justifies research and risk assessment to evaluate the safety. A large number of clinical trials have been conducted using a range of CoQ10 doses. Reports of nausea and other adverse gastrointestinal effects of CoQ10 cannot be causally related to the active ingredient because there is no dose-response relationship: the adverse effects are no more common at daily intakes of 1200 mg than at a 60 mg. Systematic evaluation of the research designs and data do not provide a basis for risk assessment and the usual safe upper level of intake (UL) derived from it unless the newer methods described as the observed safe level (OSL) or highest observed intake (HOI) are utilized. The OSL risk assessment method indicates that the evidence of safety is strong at intakes up to 1200 mg/day, and this level is identified as the OSL. Much higher levels have been tested without adverse effects and may be safe, but the data for intakes above 1200 mg/day are not sufficient for a confident conclusion of safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Hathcock
- Council for Responsible Nutrition, 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036-5114, USA.
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Sachidanandam K, Fagan SC, Ergul A. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: Antioxidants and Unresolved Issues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:115-32. [PMID: 16007229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2005.tb00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. However, clinical trials with classic vitamin antioxidants failed to demonstrate any benefit in cardiovascular outcomes. Recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms involved in free radical generation reinstate that a more comprehensive approach targeting the prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation early in the disease process may prove beneficial. Experimental studies and reviews in oxidative stress were selected to provide a better understanding of the roles of the reactive species in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical studies that evaluated the efficacy of several classes of antioxidants in CVD were included in the second part of this review to discuss future therapeutic guidelines based on currently available evidence. In conclusion, before a potential role for antioxidants in the treatment of CVD is eliminated, more carefully designed studies with classic as well as new antioxidants in well-defined patient populations are warranted to provide a definitive answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Sachidanandam
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy
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Johansen JS, Harris AK, Rychly DJ, Ergul A. Oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants in diabetes: linking basic science to clinical practice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2005; 4:5. [PMID: 15862133 PMCID: PMC1131912 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. There is growing evidence that excess generation of highly reactive free radicals, largely due to hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress, which further exacerbates the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. Overproduction and/or insufficient removal of these free radicals result in vascular dysfunction, damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids. Despite overwhelming evidence on the damaging consequences of oxidative stress and its role in experimental diabetes, large scale clinical trials with classic antioxidants failed to demonstrate any benefit for diabetic patients. As our understanding of the mechanisms of free radical generation evolves, it is becoming clear that rather than merely scavenging reactive radicals, a more comprehensive approach aimed at preventing the generation of these reactive species as well as scavenging may prove more beneficial. Therefore, new strategies with classic as well as new antioxidants should be implemented in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex K Harris
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David J Rychly
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Medical College of Georgia Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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