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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Coenzyme Q10 and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020533. [PMID: 36830090 PMCID: PMC9952341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has important antioxidant properties. Because one of the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases is oxidative stress, analysis of the concentrations of CoQ10 in different tissues of AD patients and with other dementia syndromes and the possible therapeutic role of CoQ10 in AD have been addressed in several studies. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of these studies measuring tissue CoQ10 levels in patients with dementia and controls which showed that, compared with controls, AD patients had similar serum/plasma CoQ10 levels. We also revised the possible therapeutic effects of CoQ10 in experimental models of AD and other dementias (which showed important neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10) and in humans with AD, other dementias, and mild cognitive impairment (with inconclusive results). The potential role of CoQ10 treatment in AD and in improving memory in aged rodents shown in experimental models deserves future studies in patients with AD, other causes of dementia, and mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Ronda del Sur 10, E-28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-636-968395; Fax: +34-91-328-0704
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Ronda del Sur 10, E-28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
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Meza-Torres C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Fang L, Bui Thanh T, Rodríguez-Bies E, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Resveratrol Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in CoQ Synthesis in Liver in Mice Fed with High Fat Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050431. [PMID: 32429295 PMCID: PMC7278683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a bioactive natural molecule that induces antioxidant activity and increases protection against oxidative damage. RSV could be used to mitigate damages associated to metabolic diseases and aging. Particularly, RSV regulates different aspects of mitochondrial metabolism. However, no information is available about the effects of RSV on Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a central component in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Here, we report for the first time that RSV modulates COQ genes and parameters associated to metabolic syndrome in mice. Mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) presented a higher weight gain, triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol levels while RSV reverted TGs to control level but not weight or cholesterol. HFD induced a decrease of COQs gene mRNA level, whereas RSV reversed this decrease in most of the COQs genes. However, RSV did not show effect on CoQ9, CoQ10 and total CoQ levels, neither in CoQ-dependent antioxidant enzymes. HFD influenced mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy markers. RSV modulated the levels of PINK1 and PARKIN and their ratio, indicating modulation of mitophagy. In summary, we report that RSV influences some of the metabolic adaptations of HFD affecting mitochondrial physiology while also regulates COQs gene expression levels in a process that can be associated with mitochondrial dynamics and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Meza-Torres
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Ana Belén Cortés-Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Luis Fang
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Group, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Tung Bui Thanh
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Bies
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
- Departamento de Deporte e Informática, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.M.-T.); (J.D.H.-C.); (A.B.C.-R.); (T.B.T.); (E.R.-B.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-9384
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Mullan K, Cardwell CR, McGuinness B, Woodside JV, McKay GJ. Plasma Antioxidant Status in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Intact Elderly: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:305-317. [PMID: 29439339 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum antioxidants may afford neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) via correction of the pro-oxidative imbalance but findings reported have been inconsistent. We compared the pooled mean difference in serum levels of ten dietary antioxidants between patients with AD and cognitively intact controls from 52 studies in meta-analyses using random-effects models. Patients with AD had significantly lower plasma levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, vitamin A, C, and E, and uric acid. No significant difference was observed for plasma levels of β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. Considerable heterogeneity was detected across studies. The lower serum levels of dietary antioxidants from the carotene and vitamin subclasses observed in individuals with AD suggest reduced systemic availability of these subclasses in this prevalent form of dementia. To our knowledge, these are the first meta-analyses to demonstrate lower serum lycopene and to evaluate β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin levels in AD. In light of the significant heterogeneity detected across studies, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the data and therapeutic intervention approaches considered through supplementation measures. Our data may better inform interventions to improve antioxidant status in a condition of major public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Mullan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gareth J McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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González-Mariscal I, García-Testón E, Padilla S, Martín-Montalvo A, Pomares Viciana T, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Gandolfo Domínguez P, Santos-Ocaña C. The regulation of coenzyme q biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells: all that yeast can tell us. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:107-18. [PMID: 25126044 DOI: 10.1159/000362897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a mitochondrial lipid, which functions mainly as an electron carrier from complex I or II to complex III at the mitochondrial inner membrane, and also as antioxidant in cell membranes. CoQ is needed as electron acceptor in β-oxidation of fatty acids and pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis, and it is responsible for opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The yeast model has been very useful to analyze the synthesis of CoQ, and therefore, most of the knowledge about its regulation was obtained from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. CoQ biosynthesis is regulated to support 2 processes: the bioenergetic metabolism and the antioxidant defense. Alterations of the carbon source in yeast, or in nutrient availability in yeasts or mammalian cells, upregulate genes encoding proteins involved in CoQ synthesis. Oxidative stress, generated by chemical or physical agents or by serum deprivation, modifies specifically the expression of some COQ genes by means of stress transcription factors such as Msn2/4p, Yap1p or Hsf1p. In general, the induction of COQ gene expression produced by metabolic changes or stress is modulated downstream by other regulatory mechanisms such as the protein import to mitochondria, the assembly of a multi-enzymatic complex composed by Coq proteins and also the existence of a phosphorylation cycle that regulates the last steps of CoQ biosynthesis. The CoQ biosynthetic complex assembly starts with the production of a nucleating lipid such as HHB by the action of the Coq2 protein. Then, the Coq4 protein recognizes the precursor HHB acting as the nucleus of the complex. The activity of Coq8p, probably as kinase, allows the formation of an initial pre-complex containing all Coq proteins with the exception of Coq7p. This pre-complex leads to the synthesis of 5-demethoxy-Q6 (DMQ6), the Coq7p substrate. When de novo CoQ biosynthesis is required, Coq7p becomes dephosphorylated by the action of Ptc7p increasing the synthesis rate of CoQ6. This critical model is needed for a better understanding of CoQ biosynthesis. Taking into account that patients with CoQ10 deficiency maintain to some extent the machinery to synthesize CoQ, new promising strategies for the treatment of CoQ10 deficiency will require a better understanding of the regulation of CoQ biosynthesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena García-Testón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., USA
| | | | - Teresa Pomares Viciana
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Vazquez-Fonseca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Gandolfo Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
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Schrag M, Mueller C, Zabel M, Crofton A, Kirsch W, Ghribi O, Squitti R, Perry G. Oxidative stress in blood in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Lopes da Silva S, Vellas B, Elemans S, Luchsinger J, Kamphuis P, Yaffe K, Sijben J, Groenendijk M, Stijnen T. Plasma nutrient status of patients with Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 10:485-502. [PMID: 24144963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) patients are at risk of nutritional insufficiencies because of physiological and psychological factors. Nutritional compounds are postulated to play a role in the pathophysiological processes that are affected in AD. We here provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis that compares plasma levels of micronutrients and fatty acids in AD patients to those in cognitively intact elderly controls. A secondary objective was to explore the presence of different plasma nutrient levels between AD and control populations that did not differ in measures of protein/energy nourishment. METHODS We screened literature published after 1990 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, and Embase electronic databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for AD patients, controls, micronutrient, vitamins, and fatty acids, resulting in 3397 publications, of which 80 met all inclusion criteria. Status of protein/energy malnutrition was assessed by body mass index, mini nutritional assessment score, or plasma albumin. Meta-analysis, with correction for differences in mean age between AD patients and controls, was performed when more than five publications were retrieved for a specific nutrient. RESULTS We identified five or more studies for folate, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, copper, iron, and zinc but fewer than five studies for vitamins B1 and B6, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, manganese, and selenium (the results of the individual publications are discussed). Meta-analysis showed significantly lower plasma levels of folate and vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin E (P < .001), whereas nonsignificantly lower levels of zinc (P = .050) and vitamin D (P = .075) were found in AD patients. No significant differences were observed for plasma levels of copper and iron. A meta-analysis that was limited to studies reporting no differences in protein/energy malnourishment between AD and control populations yielded similar significantly lower plasma levels of folate and vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin E in AD. CONCLUSIONS The lower plasma nutrient levels indicate that patients with AD have impaired systemic availability of several nutrients. This difference appears to be unrelated to the classic malnourishment that is well known to be common in AD, suggesting that compromised micronutrient status may precede protein and energy malnutrition. Contributing factors might be AD-related alterations in feeding behavior and intake, nutrient absorption, alterations in metabolism, and increased utilization of nutrients for AD pathology-related processes. Given the potential role of nutrients in the pathophysiological processes of AD, the utility of nutrition may currently be underappreciated and offer potential in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lopes da Silva
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole and UMR INSERM 1027 University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Saskia Elemans
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Kamphuis
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martine Groenendijk
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Stijnen
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Liu J, Ames BN. Reducing mitochondrial decay with mitochondrial nutrients to delay and treat cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 8:67-89. [PMID: 16053240 DOI: 10.1080/10284150500047161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial decay due to oxidative damage is a contributor to brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). One type of mitochondrial decay is oxidative modification of key mitochondrial enzymes. Enzyme dysfunction, that is due to poor binding of substrates and coenzymes may be ameliorated by supplementing adequate levels of substrates or coenzyme precursors. Such supplementation with mitochondrial nutrients (mt-nutrients) may be useful to prevent or delay mitochondrial decay, thus prevent or treat AD and PD. In the present review, we survey the literature to identify mt-nutrients that can (1) protect mitochondrial enzymes and/or stimulate enzyme activity by elevating levels of substrates and cofactors; (2) induce phase-2 enzymes to enhance antioxidant defenses; (3) scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidant production in mitochondria, and (4) repair mitochondrial membrane. Then, we discuss the relationships among mt-nutrient deficiency, mitochondrial decay, and cognitive dysfunction, and summarize available evidence suggesting an effect of mt-nutrient supplementation on AD and PD. It appears that greater effects might be obtained by longer-term administration of combinations of mt-nutrients. Thus, optimal doses of combinations of mt-nutrients to delay and repair mitochondrial decay could be a strategy for preventing and treating cognitive dysfunction, including AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Liu
- Nutritional Genomic Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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The plasma membrane redox system in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2011; 228:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Huebbe P, Lodge JK, Rimbach G. Implications of apolipoprotein E genotype on inflammation and vitamin E status. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:623-30. [PMID: 20183830 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In Western societies the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and represents a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease. In a recent study we observed significantly lower tissue alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) concentrations in apoE4 compared with apoE3 mice. Furthermore, genes encoding for proteins involved in peripheral alpha-TOH transport and degradation were affected by the apoE genotype. Thus, the apoE4 genotype may be associated with lower vitamin E retention in peripheral tissues. This is possibly related to an altered lipoprotein metabolism including increased alpha-TOH retention in LDL, a decreased expression of lipoprotein receptors and impaired cellular vitamin E delivery system, and a greater intracellular degradation of tocopherols in the apoE4 genotype. An increasing number of studies in cultured cells, transgenic mice and human volunteers indicate a more pro-inflammatory state associated with the apoE4 allele. In apoE4 macrophages there is an enhanced transactivation of the key redox sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB accompanied by a higher production of pro-inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha) and a lower production of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10, as compared with apoE3 macrophages. Both tissue vitamin E retention and biomarkers of chronic inflammation may be affected by the apoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Butterfield DA, Bader Lange ML, Sultana R. Involvements of the lipid peroxidation product, HNE, in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:924-9. [PMID: 20176130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain AD pathogenesis. One such hypothesis proposed to explain AD pathogenesis is the oxidative stress hypothesis. Increased levels of oxidative stress markers including the markers of lipid peroxidation such as acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE), malondialdehyde, etc. are found in brains of AD subjects. In this review, we focus principally on research conducted in the area of HNE in the central nervous system (CNS) of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and further, we discuss likely consequences of lipid peroxidation with respect to AD pathogenesis and progression. Based on the research conducted so far in the area of lipid peroxidation, it is suggested that lipid accessible antioxidant molecules could be a promising therapeutic approach to treat or slow progression of MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506-0055, USA.
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Isobe C, Abe T, Terayama Y. Levels of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q-10 and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative damage and/or oxidative DNA damage contributes to the neurodegenerative process. J Neurol 2009; 257:399-404. [PMID: 19784856 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the possibility that mitochondrial oxidative damage, oxidative DNA damage or both contribute to the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we employed high-performance liquid chromatography using an electrochemical detector to measure the concentrations of the reduced and oxidized forms of coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 30 patients with AD and in 30 age-matched controls with no neurological disease. The percentage of oxidized/total CoQ-10 (%CoQ-10) in the CSF of the AD group (78.2 +/- 18.8%) was significantly higher than in the control group (41.3 +/- 10.4%) (P < 0.0001). The concentration of 8-OHdG in the CSF of AD patients was greater than in the CSF of controls (P < 0.0001) and was positively correlated with the duration of illness (r(s) = 0.95, P < 0.0001). The %CoQ-10 was correlated with concentrations of 8-OHdG in the CSF of AD patients (r(s) = 0.66, P < 0.001). The present study suggests that both mitochondrial oxidative damage and oxidative DNA damage play important roles in the pathogenesis of early AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0805, Japan.
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