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Marquez-Curtis LA, Dai XQ, Hang Y, Lam JY, Lyon J, Manning Fox JE, McGann LE, MacDonald PE, Kim SK, Elliott JAW. Cryopreservation and post-thaw characterization of dissociated human islet cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263005. [PMID: 35081145 PMCID: PMC8791532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to optimize the cryopreservation of dissociated islet cells and obtain functional cells that can be used in single-cell transcriptome studies on the pathology and treatment of diabetes. Using an iterative graded freezing approach we obtained viable cells after cooling in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% hydroxyethyl starch at 1°C/min to -40°C, storage in liquid nitrogen, rapid thaw, and removal of cryoprotectants by serial dilution. The expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule declined immediately after thaw, but recovered after overnight incubation, while that of an endocrine cell marker (HPi2) remained high after cryopreservation. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed differences in channel activities and exocytosis of various islet cell types; however, exocytotic responses, and the biophysical properties of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, are sustained after cryopreservation. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that overall transcriptome and crucial exocytosis genes are comparable between fresh and cryopreserved dispersed human islet cells. Thus, we report an optimized procedure for cryopreserving dispersed islet cells that maintained their membrane integrity, along with their molecular and functional phenotypes. Our findings will not only provide a ready source of cells for investigating cellular mechanisms in diabetes but also for bio-engineering pseudo-islets and islet sheets for modeling studies and potential transplant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A. Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yan Hang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Y. Lam
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E. Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Locksley E. McGann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Tang S, Davoudi Z, Wang G, Xu Z, Rehman T, Prominski A, Tian B, Bratlie KM, Peng H, Wang Q. Soft materials as biological and artificial membranes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12679-12701. [PMID: 34636824 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have seen emerging growth in the field of soft materials for synthetic biology. This review focuses on soft materials involved in biological and artificial membranes. The biological membranes discussed here are mainly those involved in the structure and function of cells and organelles. As building blocks in medicine, non-native membranes including nanocarriers (NCs), especially liposomes and DQAsomes, and polymeric membranes for scaffolds are constructed from amphiphilic combinations of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Artificial membranes can be prepared using synthetic, soft materials and molecules and then incorporated into structures through self-organization to form micelles or niosomes. The modification of artificial membranes can be realized using traditional chemical methods such as click reactions to target the delivery of NCs and control the release of therapeutics. The biomembrane, a lamellar structure inlaid with ion channels, receptors, lipid rafts, enzymes, and other functional units, separates cells and organelles from the environment. An active domain inserted into the membrane and organelles for energy conversion and cellular communication can target disease by changing the membrane's composition, structure, and fluidity and affecting the on/off status of the membrane gates. The biological membrane targets analyzing pathological mechanisms and curing complex diseases, which inspires us to create NCs with artificial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Research and Development of Natural Products Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, 39 Xin Yang Road, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Zahra Davoudi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 1014 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Guangtian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Research and Development of Natural Products Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, 39 Xin Yang Road, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tanzeel Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aleksander Prominski
- The James Franck Institute, Department of Chemistry, The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, Department of Chemistry, The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 1014 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Research and Development of Natural Products Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, 39 Xin Yang Road, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 1014 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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3
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Ebhodaghe SO. Natural Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2144-2194. [PMID: 34328068 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1958185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural polymeric scaffolds can be used for tissue engineering applications such as cell delivery and cell-free supporting of native tissues. This is because of their desirable properties such as; high biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength and conductivity, large surface area, porous- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicked structures. Specifically, their less toxicity and biocompatibility makes them suitable for several tissue engineering applications. For these reasons, several biopolymeric scaffolds are currently being explored for numerous tissue engineering applications. To date, research on the nature, chemistry, and properties of nanocomposite biopolymers are been reported, while the need for a comprehensive research note on more tissue engineering application of these biopolymers remains. As a result, this present study comprehensively reviews the development of common natural biopolymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications such as cartilage tissue engineering, cornea repairs, osteochondral defect repairs, and nerve regeneration. More so, the implications of research findings for further studies are presented, while the impact of research advances on future research and other specific recommendations are added as well.
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Azizipour E, Aghamollaei H, Halabian R, Poormoghadam D, Saffari M, Entezari M, Salimi A. A novel hydrogel scaffold contained bioactive glass nanowhisker (BGnW) for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:562-572. [PMID: 33434552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Employing hydrogels as an alternative strategy for repairing bone defects has received great attention in bone tissue engineering. In this study, hydrogel scaffold based on collagen, gelatin, and glutaraldehyde was combined with bioactive glass nanowhiskers (BGnW) to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into the osteogenic lineage and inducing biomineralization. Pure Gel-Glu-Col and bioactive glass nanowhiskers were used as control throughout the paper. Chemical, physical and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposite scaffold were assessed meticulously using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), porosity measurement, water uptake ability, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To determine the cytotoxicity and cell viability of the hydrogel, MTT assay and Acridine orange (AO) staining were performed. hMSCs seeded on Gel-Glu-Col/BGnW were then incubated with osteogenic differentiation media for 14 days. Biomineralization assays (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content assay, von Kossa, and Alizarin red staining) were carried out, and osteogenic genes and protein markers were examined using real time-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Results showed that the components of the hydrogel were properly integrated. The mechanical property of hydrogel was enhanced following the addition of BGnW. Cell viability assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the scaffold and increasing the proliferation after incorporating BGnW into pure Ge1-Glu-Col. Our nanocomposite maintained an enhanced ability of biomineralization as compared to its pure counterparts. Molecular investigations revealed an elevated level of osteogenic markers as compared to Ge1-Glu-Col and BGnW. All in all, Gel-Glu-Col/BGnW seems to be a potential candidate for the regeneration of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Azizipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Poormoghadam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Saffari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Shatabayeva E, Mun G, Shaikhutdinov Y, Khutoryanskiy V. Gelatin: sources, preparation and application in food and biomedicine. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a proteinaceous substance composed of all the essential amino acids (except tryptophan) and derived from collagen using a hydrolysis technique. Hydrogels and modified composites based on gelatin are widely used in the food industry, biomedicine, pharmaceutical industry and food packaging materials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonimmunogenicity and ability to stimulate cell adhesion and proliferation. Gelatin can absorb 5-10 times its weight of water and is the main ingredient of hard and soft capsules in pharmaceutical industry. It melts above 30°C and easily releases biologically active compounds, nutrients and drugs in human gastrointestinal tract. In addition, gelatin contains arginine-glycine-asparagine RGD-sequences in the polymer structure and contributes to various functions such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, tissue regeneration, wound healing, enhances bone formation and anti-cancer therapy. This article reports a brief overview of gelatin sources, gelatin preparation processes and its physico-chemical properties, as well as advances in the preparation of gelatin-based composite materials and hydrogels for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressings, active packaging using various cross-linking techniques.
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6
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Abstract
Insulin infusion pump, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and insulin infusion set (IIS) have been developed to be increasingly feasible for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several recently approved CGMs are transitioning from 7-day to 10-day wear time without the need for fingerprick recalibration. Nevertheless, studies and improvements on IIS, a critical part of insulin pump therapy, have been limited. In particular, the recommended wear time of IIS is still 2-3 days, which can hardly match the current duration of CGM for potential closed-loop system development. It is generally believed that both the inserted catheter and the subsequent infused insulin drug could induce particular subcutaneous tissue response and skin-related complications at the infusion site. In certain cases, poor glycaemic control, increased risk of hypoglycemia, and serious cosmetic impact on people with diabetes were observed. Skin complication has also been attributed as an important factor resulting users to discontinue insulin pump therapy. This article provides the rare systematic review of IIS induced subcutaneous tissue responses and skin complications, including the impacts from the inserted catheters, the subcutaneous infused insulin, and the adhesive or tape used to immobilize the catheter. The FDA's recommendation for the frequency of IIS change was further discussed. Future studies on this topic are required to further understand the IIS-related problems, and future strategies could be developed accordingly to significantly reduce the incidence of these problems, extend the wear time, and increase the acceptance of insulin pump based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershuai Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Zhiqiang Cao, PhD, Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201,
USA.
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7
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Zamproni LN, Teixeira D, Alliegro AA, Maugéri IL, des Rieux A, Porcionatto MA. Decreased viability and neurite length in neural cells treated with chitosan-dextran sulfate nanocomplexes. Neurotoxicology 2020; 76:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Hanafy AF, Abdalla AM, Guda TK, Gabr KE, Royall PG, Alqurshi A. Ocular anti-inflammatory activity of prednisolone acetate loaded chitosan-deoxycholate self-assembled nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3679-3689. [PMID: 31239660 PMCID: PMC6556883 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s195892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Conventional topical ophthalmic aqueous solutions and suspensions are often associated with low bioavailability and high administration frequency, pulsatile dose and poor exposure to certain ocular parts. The aim of this study was to develop an ophthalmic nanoparticles loaded gel, for delivering prednisolone acetate (PA), to increase dosing accuracy, bioavailability, and accordingly, efficiency of PA in treating inflammatory ocular diseases. Methods: A novel formulation of self-assembled nanoparticles was prepared by the complexation of chitosan (CS) and, the counter-ion, sodium deoxycholate (SD), loaded with the poorly-water-soluble PA. Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading content (LC) of prepared nanoparticles were assessed. Moreover, the nanoparticles were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug release and eye anti-inflammatory potential of the prepared novel formulation was investigated. Results: Mean particle size of the nanoparticles have dropped from 976 nm ±43 (PDI 1.285) to 480 nm ±28 (PDI 1.396) when the ratio of CS-SD was decreased. The incorporation of 0.1-0.3% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), in the preparation stages, resulted in smaller nanoparticles: 462 nm ±19 (PDI 0.942) and 321 nm ±22 (PDI 0.454) respectively. DSC and FTIR results demonstrated the interaction between CS and SD, however, no interactions were detected between PA and CS or SD. Drug release of PA as received, in simulated tears fluid (pH 7.4), showed a twofold increase (reaching an average of 98.6% in 24 hours) when incorporated into an optimized nanoparticle gel formulation (1:5 CS-SD). Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of PA nanoparticles loaded gel on female guinea pig eyes was significantly superior to that of the micronized drug loaded gel (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, KSA.,Research and Development Department, Al Andalous for Pharmaceutical Industries, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, KSA
| | - Tawheda K Guda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, KSA
| | - Khairy E Gabr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, KSA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Paul G Royall
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Abdulmalik Alqurshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, KSA
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9
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Gupta P, Garcia E, Sarkar A, Kapoor S, Rafiq K, Chand HS, Jayant RD. Nanoparticle Based Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:33-44. [PMID: 29737265 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180508113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained increased attention for delivering therapeutic agents effectively to the cardiovascular system. Heart targeted nanocarrier based drug delivery is a new, effective and efficacious approach for treating various cardiac related disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Nanocarrier based drug delivery system circumvents the problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, severe side effects and damage to the normal cells. Modification of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers such as size, shape and surface modifications can immensely alter its invivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and will provide better treatment strategy. Several nanocarriers such as lipid, phospholipid nanoparticles have been developed for delivering drugs to the target sites within the heart. This review summarizes and increases the understanding of the advanced nanosized drug delivery systems for treating cardiovascular disorders with the promising use of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Evelyn Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sumit Kapoor
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., 11800 SW 147th Ave, Miami, FL-33196, United States
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
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10
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Mooranian A, Zamani N, Mikov M, Goločorbin-Kon S, Stojanovic G, Arfuso F, Al-Salami H. Novel nano-encapsulation of probucol in microgels: scanning electron micrograph characterizations, buoyancy profiling, and antioxidant assay analyses. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S741-S747. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1511571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nassim Zamani
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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11
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Cheng G, Davoudi Z, Xing X, Yu X, Cheng X, Li Z, Deng H, Wang Q. Advanced Silk Fibroin Biomaterials for Cartilage Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2704-2715. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gu Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zahra Davoudi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, United States
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zubing Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, United States
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12
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Kumar N, Joisher H, Ganguly A. Polymeric Scaffolds for Pancreatic Tissue Engineering: A Review. Rev Diabet Stud 2018; 14:334-353. [PMID: 29590227 PMCID: PMC6230446 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2017.14.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of diabetes, with one in every eleven individuals worldwide suffering from this debilitating disease. As the available treatment options fail to reduce disease progression, novel avenues such as the bioartificial pancreas are being given serious consideration. In the past decade, the research focus has shifted towards the field of tissue engineering, which helps to design biological substitutes for repair and replacement of non-functional or damaged organs. Scaffolds constitute an integral part of tissue engineering; they have been shown to mimic the native extracellular matrix, thereby supporting cell viability and proliferation. This review offers a novel compilation of the recent advances in polymeric scaffolds, which are used for pancreatic tissue engineering. Furthermore, in this article, the design strategies for bioartificial pancreatic constructs and their future applications in cell-based therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anasuya Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS-Pilani, K.K Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India 403726
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13
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is being extensively researched as an alternative treatment for type 1 diabetic patients. This treatment is currently limited by temporal mismatch, between the availability of pancreas and isolated islets from deceased organ donor, and the recipient's need for freshly isolated islets. To solve this issue, cryopreservation of islets may offer the potential to bank islets for transplant on demand. Cryopreservation, however, introduces an overwhelmingly harsh environment to the ever-so-fragile islets. After exposure to the freezing and thawing, islets are usually either apoptotic, non-functional, or non-viable. Several studies have proposed various techniques that could lead to increased cell survival and function following a deep freeze. The purpose of this article is to critically review the techniques of islet cryopreservation, with the goal of highlighting optimization parameters that can lead to the most viable and functional islet upon recovery and/or transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg G. Kojayan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - David K. Imagawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. T. Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- CONTACT Jonathan R. T. Lakey, PhD, MSM. Professor, Department of Surgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Director, Clinical Islet Program, University of California Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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14
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Rawal S, Williams SJ, Ramachandran K, Stehno-Bittel L. Integration of mesenchymal stem cells into islet cell spheroids improves long-term viability, but not islet function. Islets 2017; 9:87-98. [PMID: 28662368 PMCID: PMC5624285 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1341455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets, especially the large islets (> 150µm in diameter) have poor survival rates in culture. Co-culturing with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to improve islet survival and function. However, most co-culture studies have been comprised of MSC surrounding islets in the media. The purpose of this study was to determine whether islet survival and function was improved when the 2 populations of cells were intermingled with each other in a defined geometry. Hybrid spheroids containing 25, 50 or 75 or 90% islets cells with appropriate numbers of MSCs were created along with spheroids comprised of only islet cells or only MSCs. Spheroids were tested for yield, viability, diameter, cellular composition, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The 25% islet/75% MSC group created the fewest spheroids, with the poorest survival and insulin secretion and the largest diameter. The remaining groups were highly viable with average diameters under 80µm at formation. However, the hybrid spheroid groups preferred to cluster in islet-only spheroids. The 50, 75 and 90% islet cell groups had excellent long-term survival with 90-95% viability at 2 weeks in culture, compared with the islet only group that were below 80% viability. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was not statistically different for the 50, 75, or 90 groups when exposed to 2.4, 16.8, or 22.4 mM glucose. Only the spheroids with 25% islet cells had a statistically lower levels of insulin release, and the 100% had statistically higher levels at 22.4 mM glucose and in response to secretagogue. Thus, imbedded co-culture improved long-term viability, but failed to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rawal
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S. Janette Williams
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Likarda LLC, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Likarda LLC, Kansas City, KS, USA
- CONTACT Lisa Stehno-Bittel Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 2002, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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15
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Li H, Chen Q, Zhao J, Urmila K. Fabricating upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles modified substrate for dynamical control of cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1034-1042. [PMID: 27600769 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted widespread interests in the field of biomedicine because of their unique upconverting capability by converting near infrared (NIR) excitation to visible or ultraviolet (UV) emission. Here, we developed a novel UCNP-based substrate for dynamic capture and release of cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria under NIR-control. The UCNPs harvest NIR light and convert it to ultraviolet light, which subsequently result in the cleavage of photoresponsive linker (PR linker) from the substrate, and on demand allows the release of a captured cell. The results show that after seeding cells for 5 h, the cells were efficiently captured on the surface of the substrate and ˜89.4% of the originally captured S. aureus was released from the surface after exposure to 2 W/cm2 NIR light for 30 min, and ˜92.1% of HepG2 cells. These findings provide a unique platform for exploring an entirely new application field for this promising luminescent nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Khulal Urmila
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
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16
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Rawal S, Harrington S, Williams SJ, Ramachandran K, Stehno-Bittel L. Long-term cryopreservation of reaggregated pancreatic islets resulting in successful transplantation in rats. Cryobiology 2017; 76:41-50. [PMID: 28483491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of pancreatic islets for long-term storage of islets used for transplantation or research has long been a goal. Unfortunately, few studies on long-term islet cryopreservation (1 month and longer) have reported positive outcomes in terms of islet yield, survival and function. In general, single cells have been shown to tolerate the cryopreservation procedure better than tissues/multicellular structures like islets. Thus, we optimized a method to cryopreserve single islet cells and, after thawing, reaggregated them into islet spheroids. Cryopreserved (CP) single human islet cells formed spheroids efficiently within 3-5 days after thawing. Approximately 79% of islet cells were recovered following the single-cell cryopreservation protocol. Viability after long-term cryopreservation (4 weeks or more) was significantly higher in the CP islet cell spheroids (97.4 ± 0.4%) compared to CP native islets (14.6 ± 0.4%). Moreover, CP islet cell spheroids had excellent viability even after weeks in culture (88.5 ± 1.6%). Metabolic activity was 4-5 times higher in CP islet cell spheroids than CP native islets at 24 and 48 h after thawing. Diabetic rats transplanted with CP islet cell spheroids were normoglycemic for 10 months, identical to diabetic rats transplanted with fresh islets. However, the animals receiving fresh islets required a higher volume of transplanted tissue to achieve normoglycemia compared to those transplanted with CP islet cell spheroids. By cryopreserving single cells instead of intact islets, we achieved highly viable and functional islets after thawing that required lower tissue volumes to reverse diabetes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rawal
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Stephen Harrington
- Likarda, LLC, 2002 W 39th Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA; University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - S Janette Williams
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Likarda, LLC, 2002 W 39th Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | | | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Likarda, LLC, 2002 W 39th Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.
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17
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Harrington S, Williams J, Rawal S, Ramachandran K, Stehno-Bittel L. Hyaluronic Acid/Collagen Hydrogel as an Alternative to Alginate for Long-Term Immunoprotected Islet Transplantation<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1088-1099. [PMID: 28142500 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate has long been the material of choice for immunoprotection of islets due to its low cost and ability to easily form microspheres. Unfortunately, this seaweed-derived material is notoriously prone to fibrotic overgrowth in vivo, resulting in premature graft failure. The purpose of this study was to test an alternative, hyaluronic acid (HA-COL), for in vitro function, viability, and allogeneic islet transplant outcomes in diabetic rats. In vitro studies indicated that the HA-COL gel had diffusion characteristics that would allow small molecules such as glucose and insulin to enter and exit the gel, whereas larger molecules (70 and 500 kDa dextrans) were impeded from diffusing past the gel edge in 24 h. Islets encapsulated in HA-COL hydrogel showed significantly improved in vitro viability over unencapsulated islets and retained their morphology and glucose sensitivity for 28 days. When unencapsulated allogeneic islet transplants were administered to the omentum of outbred rats, they initially were normoglycemic, but by 11 days returned to hyperglycemia. Immunohistological examination of the grafts and surrounding tissue indicated strong graft rejection. By comparison, when using the same outbred strain of rats, allogeneic transplantation of islets within the HA-COL gel reversed long-term diabetes and prevented graft rejection in all animals. Animals were sacrificed at 40, 52, 64, and 80 weeks for evaluation, and all were non-diabetic at sacrifice. Explanted grafts revealed viable islets in the transplant site as well as intact hydrogel, with little or no evidence of fibrotic overgrowth or cellular rejection. The results of these studies demonstrate great potential for HA-COL hydrogel as an alternative to sodium alginate for long-term immunoprotected islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Harrington
- 1 School of Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas.,2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,3 Likarda, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Janette Williams
- 2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,3 Likarda, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sonia Rawal
- 2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- 1 School of Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas.,2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,3 Likarda, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas
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18
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Moustafa A, Habara Y. Reciprocal interaction among gasotransmitters in isolated pancreatic β-cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:47-58. [PMID: 26577175 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the interplay among the three well-known gas molecules, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and their effects on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) and insulin secretion in rat pancreatic β-cells. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the expression of constitutive enzymes that are responsible for the production of NO, CO and H2S. CO and H2S increased NO production as indicated by the increase in diaminofluorescein-2 triazole fluorescence. NO and CO induced an elevation in the sulfane sulfur pool and concomitantly H2S production. The NO- and CO-induced H2S production was partially inhibited by hypotaurine, an H2S scavenger. NO and H2S produced CO production as revealed by a myoglobin assay. A calmodulin antagonist in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) significantly attenuated NO and H2S production. NO and CO induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase mainly via Ca(2+) release from internal stores; however, H2S induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase via the influx of extracellular Ca(2+). NO dose-dependently stimulated basal insulin release but CO dose-dependently inhibited it. H2S showed an insignificant effect on basal insulin secretion from freshly isolated pancreatic islets. Herein, we address for the first time the reciprocal and synergistic relation among gasotransmitters with diverse effects on basal insulin secretion that regulate β-cells functions and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yoshiaki Habara
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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19
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Lamboni L, Gauthier M, Yang G, Wang Q. Silk sericin: A versatile material for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1855-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Yang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Chen M. Advances in self-assembled chitosan nanomaterials for drug delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1301-1316. [PMID: 25109677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials based on chitosan have emerged as promising carriers of therapeutic agents for drug delivery due to good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Chitosan originated nanocarriers have been prepared by mini-emulsion, chemical or ionic gelation, coacervation/precipitation, and spray-drying methods. As alternatives to these traditional fabrication methods, self-assembled chitosan nanomaterials show significant advantages and have received growing scientific attention in recent years. Self-assembly is a spontaneous process by which organized structures with particular functions and properties could be obtained without additional complicated processing or modification steps. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the design, fabrication and physicochemical aspects of chitosan-based self-assembled nanomaterials. Their applications in drug delivery of different therapeutic agents are also discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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21
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Plasma treated polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene films assembled with chitosan and various preservatives for antimicrobial food packaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 114:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Park JH, Kim MK, El-Fiqi A, Seo SJ, Lee EJ, Kim JH, Kim HW. Bioactive and porous-structured nanocomposite microspheres effective for cell delivery: a feasibility study for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite microspherical cell-carrier system was developed to populate stem cells and to stimulate their osteogenesis for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Dankook University
- Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)
- Dankook University
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Dankook University
- Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)
- Dankook University
| | - Ahmed El-Fiqi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Dankook University
- Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)
- Dankook University
| | - Seog-Jin Seo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Dankook University
- Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)
- Dankook University
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Dankook University
- Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)
- Dankook University
| | - Joong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Dankook University
- Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)
- Dankook University
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- Dankook University
- Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)
- Dankook University
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23
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Peng H, Liu X, Wang R, Jia F, Dong L, Wang Q. Emerging nanostructured materials for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6435-6461. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent developments in the preparation and applications of nanostructured materials for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
| | - Xunpei Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
- Iowa State University
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24
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Yamashita S, Ohashi K, Utoh R, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ, Yamamoto M, Gotoh M, Okano T. Quality of Air-Transported Human Islets for Single Islet Cell Preparations. CELL MEDICINE 2013; 6:33-8. [PMID: 26858878 DOI: 10.3727/215517913x674243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In new generation medical therapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), cell-based approaches using pancreatic islets have attracted significant attention worldwide. In particular, dispersed islet cells obtained from isolated pancreatic islets have been a valuable source in the cell biology and tissue engineering fields. Our experimental approach to the development of new islet-based DM therapies consisted of creating a monolithic islet cell sheet format using dispersed islet cells. In this experiment, we explored the potential of internationally transporting human islets from Alberta, Canada to Tokyo, Japan and obtaining viable dispersed islet cells. A total of 34 batches of isolated and purified human islets were transported using a commercial air courier service. Prior to shipping, the human islets had been in culture for 0-108 h at the University of Alberta. The transportation period from Alberta to Tokyo was 2-5 days. The transported human islet cells were enzymatically dispersed as single cells in Tokyo. The number of single islet cells decreased as the number of transportation days increased. In contrast, cell viability was maintained regardless of the number of transportation days. The preshipment culture time had no effect on the number or viability of single cells dispersed in Tokyo. When dispersed single islet cells were plated on laminin-5-coated temperature-responsive polymer-grafted culture dishes, the cells showed favorable attachment followed by extension as a monolithic format. The present study demonstrated that long-distance transported human islets are a viable cell source for experiments utilizing dispersed human islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yamashita
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; †Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Utoh
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- ‡ Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- ‡ Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- † Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mitsukazu Gotoh
- § Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
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Abstract
Islet equivalent (IE), the standard estimate of isolated islet volume, is an essential measure to determine the amount of transplanted islet tissue in the clinic and is used in research laboratories to normalize results, yet it is based on the false assumption that all islets are spherical. Here, we developed and tested a new easy-to-use method to quantify islet volume with greater accuracy. Isolated rat islets were dissociated into single cells, and the total cell number per islet was determined by using computer-assisted cytometry. Based on the cell number per islet, we created a regression model to convert islet diameter to cell number with a high R2 value (0.8) and good validity and reliability with the same model applicable to young and old rats and males or females. Conventional IE measurements overestimated the tissue volume of islets. To compare results obtained using IE or our new method, we compared Glut2 protein levels determined by Western Blot and proinsulin content via ELISA between small (diameter≤100 μm) and large (diameter≥200 μm) islets. When normalized by IE, large islets showed significantly lower Glut2 level and proinsulin content. However, when normalized by cell number, large and small islets had no difference in Glut2 levels, but large islets contained more proinsulin. In conclusion, normalizing islet volume by IE overestimated the tissue volume, which may lead to erroneous results. Normalizing by cell number is a more accurate method to quantify tissue amounts used in islet transplantation and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hung Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 2002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Karthik Ramachandran
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, School of Engineering, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 2002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
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Wang Q, Gu Z, Jamal S, Detamore MS, Berkland C. Hybrid hydroxyapatite nanoparticle colloidal gels are injectable fillers for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2586-93. [PMID: 23815275 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable bone fillers have emerged as an alternative to the invasive surgery often required to treat bone defects. Current bone fillers may benefit from improvements in dynamic properties such as shear thinning during injection and recovery of material stiffness after placement. Negatively charged inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles (NPs) were assembled with positively charged organic poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs to create a cohesive colloidal gel. This material is held together by electrostatic forces that may be disrupted by shear to facilitate extrusion, molding, or injection. Scanning electron micrographs of the dried colloidal gels showed a well-organized, three-dimensional porous structure. Rheology tests revealed that certain colloidal gels could recover after being sheared. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were also highly viable when seeded on the colloidal gels. HAp/PLGA NP colloidal gels offer an attractive scheme for injectable filling and regeneration of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa
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27
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Beck A, Vinik Y, Shatz-Azoulay H, Isaac R, Streim S, Jona G, Boura-Halfon S, Zick Y. Otubain 2 is a novel promoter of beta cell survival as revealed by siRNA high-throughput screens of human pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1317-26. [PMID: 23515685 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce death of beta cells and hamper engraftment of transplanted islet mass. Our aim was to reveal novel genes involved in this process, as a platform for innovative therapeutic approaches. METHODS Small interfering RNA (siRNA) high-throughput screening (HTS) of primary human islets was employed to identify novel genes involved in cytokine-induced beta cell apoptosis. Dispersed human islets from nine human donors, treated with a combination of TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ were transfected with ∼730 different siRNAs. Caspase-3/7 activity was measured, results were analysed and potential anti- and pro-apoptotic genes were identified. RESULTS Dispersed human pancreatic islets appeared to be suitable targets for performance of siRNA HTS. Using this methodology we found a number of potential pro- and anti-apoptotic target hits that have not been previously associated with pancreatic beta cell death. One such hit was the de-ubiquitinating enzyme otubain 2 (OTUB2). OTUB2 knockdown increased caspase-3/7 activity in MIN6 cells and primary human islets and inhibited insulin secretion and increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity both under basal conditions and following cytokine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Use of dispersed human islets provides a new platform for functional HTS in a highly physiological system. Employing this technique enabled the identification of OTUB2 as a novel promoter of viability and insulin secretion in human beta cells. OTUB2 acts through the inhibition of NF-κB signalling, which is deleterious to beta cell survival. siRNA screens of human islets may therefore identify new targets, such as OTUB2, for therapeutic intervention in type 1 diabetes and islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beck
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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28
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Lee KM, Jung GS, Park JK, Choi SK, Jeon WB. Effects of Arg-Gly-Asp-modified elastin-like polypeptide on pseudoislet formation via up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5600-8. [PMID: 23142478 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in controlling the β-cell morphology, survival and insulin secretary functions. An RGD-modified elastin-like polypeptide (RGD-ELP), TGPG[VGRGD(VGVPG)(6)](20)WPC, has been reported previously as a bioactive matrix. In this study, to investigate whether RGD-ELP affects β-cell growth characteristics and insulin secretion, β-TC6 cells were cultured on the RGD-ELP coatings prepared via thermally induced phase transition. On RGD-ELP, β-TC6 cells clustered into an islet-like architecture with high cell viability. Throughout 7days' culture, the proliferation rate of the cells within a pseudoislet was similar to that of monolayer culture. Under high glucose (25mM), β-TC6 pseudoislets showed up-regulated insulin gene expression and exhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Importantly, the mRNA and protein abundances of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) E-cadherin and connexin-36 were much higher in pseudoislets than in monolayer cells. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of E-cadherin or connexin-36 expression severely limited pseudoislet formation. In addition, the mRNA levels of collagen types I and IV, fibronectin and laminin were significantly elevated in pseudoislets. The results suggest that RGD-ELP promotes pseudoislet formation via up-regulation of the CAM and ECM components. The functional roles of RGD-ELP are discussed in respect of its molecular composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Division of NanoBio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, South Korea
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29
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Ramachandran K, Williams SJ, Huang HH, Novikova L, Stehno-Bittel L. Engineering Islets for Improved Performance by Optimized Reaggregation in a Micromold. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:604-12. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Ramachandran
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - S. Janette Williams
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Han-Hung Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lesya Novikova
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Vakhshiteh F, Allaudin ZN, Mohd Lila MAB, Hani H. Size-related assessment on viability and insulin secretion of caprine islets in vitro. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:82-8. [PMID: 23406308 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful isolation, purification, and culture of caprine islets has recently been reported. The present study shows arange of size distribution in caprine islet diameter from 50 to 250 μm, in which 80% of the total islet yield was comprised of small islets. METHODS Caprine islets were isolated and purified. Islets were handpicked and the diameter of the islets was recorded using light microscopy. Viablility of the islets was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Insulin secretion assay was carried out and analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS When tested at 48 h after isolation, these small islets were 29.3% more viable compared to the large-sized islets. Large islets showed a high ratio (P < 0.01) of central core necrosis (29.5% ± 1.92) whilst no significant core death was observed in small islets (2.33% ± 0.59). The annexin assay demonstrated 5.21% ± 0.97 and 7.34% ± 0.78 apoptotic death for small and large islets, respectively. During static incubation, small islets released 2.89-fold (1.39 ± 0.2 ng/IE) higher insulin level under low glucose induction (3.3 mm) and simultaneously 2.92-fold (2.95 ± 0.33 ng/IE) more insulin under high glucose condition (16.7 mm) in comparison to large islets at the same islet equivalents (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present findings evidenced the superior quality of smaller caprine islets compared to larger ones under an optimized basal maintenance condition. As it is equally important to preserve the quality of larger caprine islets, this work warrants further investigation on special culture conditions to support these islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Liu C, Zhang Z, Liu X, Ni X, Li J. Gelatin-based hydrogels with β-cyclodextrin as a dual functional component for enhanced drug loading and controlled release. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Williams SJ, Huang HH, Kover K, Moore W, Berkland C, Singh M, Smirnova IV, MacGregor R, Stehno-Bittel L. Reduction of diffusion barriers in isolated rat islets improves survival, but not insulin secretion or transplantation outcome. Organogenesis 2012; 6:115-24. [PMID: 20885858 DOI: 10.4161/org.6.2.10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For people with type 1 diabetes and severe hypoglycemic unawareness, islet transplants offer hope for improving the quality of life. However, islet cell death occurs quickly during or after transplantation, requiring large quantities of islets per transplant. The purpose of this study was to determine whether poor function demonstrated in large islets was a result of diffusion barriers and if removing those barriers could improve function and transplantation outcomes. Islets were isolated from male DA rats and measured for cell viability, islet survival, glucose diffusion and insulin secretion. Modeling of diffusion barriers was completed using dynamic partial differential equations for a sphere. Core cell death occurred in 100% of the large islets (diameter >150 µm), resulting in poor survival within 7 days after isolation. In contrast, small islets (diameter <100 µm) exhibited good survival rates in culture (91%). Glucose diffusion into islets was tracked with 2-NBDG; 4.2 µm/min in small islets and 2.8 µm/min in large islets. 2-NBDG never permeated to the core cells of islets larger than 150 µm diameter. Reducing the diffusion barrier in large islets improved their immediate and long-term viability in culture. However, reduction of the diffusion barrier in large islets failed to improve their inferior in vitro insulin secretion compared to small islets, and did not return glucose control to diabetic animals following transplantation. Thus, diffusion barriers lead to low viability and poor survival for large islets, but are not solely responsible for the inferior insulin secretion or poor transplantation outcomes of large versus small islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janette Williams
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Islet transplantation: factors in short-term islet survival. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:421-9. [PMID: 21984594 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes. In recent years, the proportion of patients achieving initial insulin independence has improved, but longer term outcomes remain poor compared to those for whole pancreas transplants. This review article will discuss factors affecting islet yield and viability leading up to transplantation and in the immediate post-transplant period.
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a therapeutic option to replace destroyed β cells in autoimmune diabetes. Islets are transplanted into the liver via the portal vein; however, inflammation, the required immunosuppression, and lack of vasculature decrease early islet viability and function. Therefore, the use of accessory therapy and biomaterials to protect islets and improve islet function has definite therapeutic potential. Here we review the application of niche accessory cells and factors, as well as the use of biomaterials as carriers or capsules, for pancreatic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Borg
- Preclinical Approaches to Stem Cell Therapy/Diabetes, Technische Universität Dresden, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Preclinical Approaches to Stem Cell Therapy/Diabetes, Technische Universität Dresden, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Exercise increases insulin content and basal secretion in pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetic mice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:481427. [PMID: 21912535 PMCID: PMC3170797 DOI: 10.1155/2011/481427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise appears to improve glycemic control for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the mechanism responsible for this improvement is unknown. We hypothesized that exercise has a direct effect on the insulin-producing islets. Eight-week-old mice were divided into four groups: sedentary diabetic, exercised diabetic, sedentary control, and exercised control. The exercised groups participated in voluntary wheel running for 6 weeks. When compared to the control groups, the islet density, islet diameter, and β-cell proportion per islet were significantly lower in both sedentary and exercised diabetic groups and these alterations were not improved with exercise. The total insulin content and insulin secretion were significantly lower in sedentary diabetics compared to controls. Exercise significantly improved insulin content and insulin secretion in islets in basal conditions. Thus, some improvements in exercise-induced glycemic control in T1D mice may be due to enhancement of insulin content and secretion in islets.
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Effect of stoichiometry and pH on the structure and properties of Chitosan/Chondroitin sulfate complexes. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sudheesh N, Sharma SK, Khokhar MD, Shukla RS. Kinetic investigations on the modified chitosan catalyzed solvent-free synthesis of jasminaldehyde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang Q, Jamal S, Detamore MS, Berkland C. PLGA-chitosan/PLGA-alginate nanoparticle blends as biodegradable colloidal gels for seeding human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 96:520-7. [PMID: 21254383 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The natural polymers chitosan and alginate represent an attractive material choice for biodegradable inplants. These were used as coating materials to make positively and negatively charged PLGA nanoparticles, respectively. After blending at total solids concentration >10% wt/vol, these oppositely charged nanoparticles yielded a cohesive colloidal gel. Electrostatic forces between oppositely charged nanoparticles produced a stable 3D porous network that may be extruded or molded to the desired shape. This high concentration colloidal system demonstrated shear-thinning behavior due to the disruption of interparticle interactions. Once the external force was removed, the cohesive property of the colloidal gel was recovered. Scanning electron micrographs of dried colloidal networks revealed an organized, 3D microporous structure. Rheological studies were employed to probe the differences in plasticity and shear sensitivity of colloidal gels. Viability tests of hUCMSCs seeded on the colloidal gels also demonstrated the negligible cytotoxicity of the materials. All the results indicated the potential application of the biodegradable colloidal gels as an injectable scaffold in tissue engineering and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Huang HH, Novikova L, Williams SJ, Smirnova IV, Stehno-Bittel L. Low insulin content of large islet population is present in situ and in isolated islets. Islets 2011; 3:6-13. [PMID: 21325888 PMCID: PMC3060434 DOI: 10.4161/isl.3.1.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of morphologically distinct populations of islets in the pancreas was described over 60 years ago. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to possible functional differences between islet subpopulations until recently. We demonstrated that one population, the small islets, were superior to large islets in a number of functional aspects. However, that work did not determine whether these differences were inherent, or whether they arose because of the challenge of isolation procedures. Nor, were there data to explain the differences in insulin secretion. We utilized immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and transmission electron microscopy to compare the unique characteristics found in isolated rat islet populations in situ and after isolation. Insulin secretion of small isolated islets was significantly higher compared to large islets, which correlated with higher insulin content/area in small islets (in situ), a higher density of insulin secretory granules, and greater insulin content/volume in isolated islets. Specifically, the core b-cells of the large islets contained less insulin/cell with a lower insulin granule density than peripheral b-cells. When insulin secretion was normalized for total insulin content, large and small islets released the same percentage of total insulin. Small islets had a higher density of cells/area than large islets in vitro and in situ. The data provide a possible explanation for the inferior insulin secretion from large islets, as they have a lower total cell density and the b-cells of the core contain less insulin/cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hung Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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