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Macedo TZ, Silva EL, Sakamoto IK, Zaiat M, Varesche MBA. Influence of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and ethanol on the degradation kinetics of domestic sewage in co-digestion with commercial laundry wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1547-1558. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Faria CVD, Delforno TP, Okada DY, Varesche MBA. Evaluation of anionic surfactant removal by anaerobic degradation of commercial laundry wastewater and domestic sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:988-996. [PMID: 29210595 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1414317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An expanded granular sludge bed reactor was evaluated for the anaerobic digestion of commercial laundry wastewater and domestic sewage focused on the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). The reactor was operated in three stages, all under mesophilic conditions and with a hydraulic retention time of 36 h. At stage I, the laundry wastewater was diluted with tap water (influent: 15.3 ± 4.9 mg LAS/L); at stage II, 50% of the feed volume was domestic sewage and 50% was a mixture of tap water and laundry wastewater (influent: 15.8 ± 4.9 mg LAS/L); and at stage III, only domestic sewage was used as a diluent of the laundry wastewater (influent: 24.1 ± 4.1 mg LAS/L). Due to the addition of domestic sewage the organic compounds content and LAS in the influent increased. Under such conditions, it was observed that LAS removal rate decreased from 77.2 ± 14.9% (stage I) to 55.3 ± 18.4% (stage III). Statistical tests indicated that the decrease of the LAS removal rate was significant and indicated a correlation between the removal of LAS and specific organic loading rate. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed genera similar to Geobacter, Desulfovibrio, Syntrophomonas, Syntrophus, Desulfobulbus, Desulfomonile, and Desulfomicrobium, which were related to the degradation of LAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vieira de Faria
- a Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation , Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Tiago Palladino Delforno
- b Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA) , Campinas University - UNICAMP , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Yukio Okada
- c University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Technology , Division of Technology in Environment Sanitation , Limeira , Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- a Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation , Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II , São Carlos , Brazil
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Delforno TP, Macedo TZ, Midoux C, Lacerda GV, Rué O, Mariadassou M, Loux V, Varesche MBA, Bouchez T, Bize A, Oliveira VM. Comparative metatranscriptomic analysis of anaerobic digesters treating anionic surfactant contaminated wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:482-494. [PMID: 30176460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three distinct biological reactors fed with synthetic medium (UASB_Control), synthetic medium and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS; UASB_SL), and real laundry wastewater (UASB_LW) were compared using a metatranscriptomic approach to determine putative bioindicator genes and taxonomies associated to all steps of anaerobic LAS biodegradation pathway. A homemade bioinformatics pipeline combined with an R workflow was developed to perform the RNAseq data analysis. UASB_SL and UASB_LW showed similar values of LAS biological degradation (~47%) and removal (53-55%). Rarefaction analysis revealed that 1-2 million reads were sufficient to access the whole functional capacity. In the first step of LAS biodegradation pathway, fumarate reductase subunit C was detected and taxonomically assigned to the genus Syntrophobacter (0.002% - UASB_SL; 0.0015% - UASB_LW; not detected - UASB_Control). In the second step, many enzymes related to beta-oxidation were observed and most of them with low relative abundance in UASB Control and taxonomically related with Smithella, Acinetobacter and Syntrophorhabdus. For the ring cleavage step, the abundance of 6 OCH CoA hydrolase putative gene was ten times higher in UASB_SL and UASB_LW when compared to UASB_Control, and assigned to Desulfomonile and Syntrophorhabdus. Finally, the adenylylsulfate reductase, taxonomically related with Desulfovibrio and Desulfomonile, was observed in the desulfonation step with the highest relative abundance in UASB_LW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P Delforno
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - Thais Z Macedo
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, São Carlos, SP CEP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Cédric Midoux
- Irstea, UR HBAN, F-92761 Antony, France; Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement - MaIAGE, UR1404, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gileno V Lacerda
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Olivier Rué
- Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement - MaIAGE, UR1404, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mahendra Mariadassou
- Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement - MaIAGE, UR1404, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valentin Loux
- Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement - MaIAGE, UR1404, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maria B A Varesche
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, São Carlos, SP CEP 13563-120, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria M Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil
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Ahmari H, Zeinali Heris S, Khayyat MH. Experimental investigation of new photocatalytic continuous coaxial cylinder reactor for elimination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid from waste water using nanotechnology. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Delforno TP, Lacerda GV, Sierra-Garcia IN, Okada DY, Macedo TZ, Varesche MBA, Oliveira VM. Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome in three different bioreactor configurations applied to commercial laundry wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:389-398. [PMID: 28249753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic and functional diversity of three different biological reactors (fluidized bed reactor, FBR; up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, UASB; and expanded granular sludge bed reactor, EGSB) used for commercial laundry wastewater treatment was investigated using metagenome shotgun sequencing. Metagenomes were sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq platform and were analyzed using MG-RAST, STAMP and PAST software. The EGSB and UASB reactors were more closely related based on taxonomic and functional profiles, likely due to similar granular sludge and procedures adopted to ensure anaerobic conditions. The EGSB and UASB reactors showed a predominance of methanogens and genes related to methanogenesis, with a prevalence of the acetoclastic pathway, in addition to the peripheral and central O2-independent pathways for aromatic compound degradation. By contrast, FBR showed a dominance of aerobic microbiota and pathways for O2-dependent aromatic compound degradation. Therefore, although the reactors showed similar surfactant removal levels, the microbial composition, functional diversity and aromatic compound degradation pathways were significantly distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Delforno
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - G V Lacerda
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - I N Sierra-Garcia
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - D Y Okada
- School of Technology, Division of Technology in Environment Sanitation, Campinas University - UNICAMP, Limeira, SP CEP 13484-332, Brazil.
| | - T Z Macedo
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo (EESC - USP), Campus II, São Carlos, SP CEP 13563-120, Brazil.
| | - M B A Varesche
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo (EESC - USP), Campus II, São Carlos, SP CEP 13563-120, Brazil.
| | - V M Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP CEP 13081-970, Brazil.
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Photo catalytic degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jardak K, Drogui P, Daghrir R. Surfactants in aquatic and terrestrial environment: occurrence, behavior, and treatment processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3195-216. [PMID: 26590059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants belong to a group of chemicals that are well known for their cleaning properties. Their excessive use as ingredients in care products (e.g., shampoos, body wash) and in household cleaning products (e.g., dishwashing detergents, laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners) has led to the discharge of highly contaminated wastewaters in aquatic and terrestrial environment. Once reached in the different environmental compartments (rivers, lakes, soils, and sediments), surfactants can undergo aerobic or anaerobic degradation. The most studied surfactants so far are linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEOs), and alcohol ethoxylate (AEOs). Concentrations of surfactants in wastewaters can range between few micrograms to hundreds of milligrams in some cases, while it reaches several grams in sludge used for soil amendments in agricultural areas. Above the legislation standards, surfactants can be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms which make treatment processes necessary before their discharge into the environment. Given this fact, biological and chemical processes should be considered for better surfactants removal. In this review, we investigate several issues with regard to: (1) the toxicity of surfactants in the environment, (2) their behavior in different ecological systems, (3) and the different treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants in order to reduce the effects of surfactants on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jardak
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - P Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R Daghrir
- Researcher in Water Technology Center, 696 avenue Sainte-Croix, Montréal, Québec, H4L 3Y2, Canada.
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Macedo TZ, Okada DY, Delforno TP, Braga JK, Silva EL, Varesche MBA. The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1835-44. [PMID: 26084256 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal from laundry wastewater and the related microbial community was investigated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). The AFBR was operated in three stages, in addition to the biomass adaptation stage without LAS (stage I). The stages were differentiated by their supplementary co-substrates: stage II had sucrose plus ethanol, stage III had only ethanol, and stage IV had no co-substrate. The replacement of sucrose plus ethanol with ethanol only for the substrate composition favored the efficiency of LAS removal, which remained high after the co-substrate was removed (stage II: 52 %; stage III: 73 %; stage IV: 77 %). A transition in the microbial community from Comamonadaceae to Rhodocyclaceae in conjunction with the co-substrate variation was observed using ion sequencing analysis. The microbial community that developed in response to an ethanol-only co-substrate improved LAS degradation more than the community that developed in response to a mixture of sucrose and ethanol, suggesting that ethanol is a better option for enriching an LAS-degrading microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Z Macedo
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - D Y Okada
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T P Delforno
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J K Braga
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E L Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, SP 310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M B A Varesche
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Carosia MF, Okada DY, Sakamoto IK, Silva EL, Varesche MBA. Microbial characterization and degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in an anaerobic reactor treating wastewater containing soap powder. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:316-323. [PMID: 24997374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) treating wastewater containing soap powder as LAS source. At Stage I, the AFBR was fed with a synthetic substrate containing yeast extract and ethanol as carbon sources, and without LAS; at Stage II, soap powder was added to this synthetic substrate obtaining an LAS concentration of 14 ± 3 mg L(-1). The compounds of soap powder probably inhibited some groups of microorganisms, increasing the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from 91 to 143 mg HAc L(-1). Consequently, the LAS removal rate was 48 ± 10% after the 156 days of operation. By sequencing, 16S rRNA clones belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Synergistetes were identified in the samples taken at the end of the experiment, with a remarkable presence of Dechloromonas sp. and Geobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fronja Carosia
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Jd. Santa Angelina, CEP 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dagoberto Yukio Okada
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Jd. Santa Angelina, CEP 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Kimiko Sakamoto
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Jd. Santa Angelina, CEP 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Jd. Santa Angelina, CEP 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Delforno TP, Moura AGL, Okada DY, Varesche MBA. Effect of biomass adaptation to the degradation of anionic surfactants in laundry wastewater using EGSB reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 154:114-121. [PMID: 24384318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two expanded granular sludge bed reactors were operated. RAB (adapted biomass) was operated in two stages: Stage I, with standard LAS (13.2 mg L(-1)); and Stage II, in which the standard LAS was replaced by diluted laundry wastewater according to the LAS concentration (11.2 mg L(-1)). RNAB (not adapted biomass) had a single stage, using direct wastewater (11.5 mg L(-1)). Thus, the strategy of biomass adaptation did not lead to an increase of surfactant removal in wastewater (RAB-Stage II: 77%; RNAB-Stage I: 78%). By means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, an 80% similarity was verified in the phases with laundry wastewater (sludge bed) despite the different reactor starting strategies. By pyrosequencing, many reads were related to genera of degraders of aromatic compounds and sulfate reducers (Syntrophorhabdus and Desulfobulbus). The insignificant difference in LAS removal between the two strategies was most likely due to the great microbial richness of the inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Delforno
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos (LPB), Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - A G L Moura
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos (LPB), Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - D Y Okada
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos (LPB), Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M B A Varesche
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos (LPB), Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Okada DY, Delforno TP, Esteves AS, Polizel J, Hirasawa JS, Duarte ICS, Varesche MBA. Influence of volatile fatty acid concentration stability on anaerobic degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 128:169-172. [PMID: 23735461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant used in cleaning products, which is usually found in wastewaters. Despite the greater LAS removal rate related to a lower concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA), the influence of different ranges of VFA on LAS degradation is not known. LAS degradation was evaluated in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors at different ranges of VFA concentrations. The reactors were fed with a synthetic wastewater containing LAS (14 mg/L). A greater LAS removal rate (40-80%) was related to the lower and narrower range of acetic acid concentration (1-22 mg/L) in the EGSB reactor. In the UASB reactor, the acetic acid concentrations presented a wider range (2-45 mg/L), and some low LAS removal rates (around 20-25%) were observed even at low acetic acid concentrations (<10 mg/L). The high recirculation rate in the EGSB reactor improved substrate-biomass contact, which resulted in a narrower range of VFA and greater LAS removal rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Y Okada
- Depto. de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, No. 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Okada DY, Esteves AS, Delforno TP, Hirasawa JS, Duarte ICS, Varesche MBA. Influence of co-substrates in the anaerobic degradation of an anionic surfactant. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322013000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Delforno TP, Okada DY, Polizel J, Sakamoto IK, Varesche MBA. Microbial characterization and removal of anionic surfactant in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:103-109. [PMID: 22212695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated linear alkylbenzene sulfonate removal in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor with hydraulic retention times of 26 h and 32 h. Sludge bed and separator phase biomass were phylogenetically characterized (sequencing 16S rRNA) and quantified (most probable number) to determine the total anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea. The reactor was fed with a mineral medium supplemented with 14 mg l(-1)LAS, ethanol and methanol. The stage I-32 h consisted of biomass adaptation (without LAS influent) until reactor stability was achieved (COD removal >97%). In stage II-32 h, LAS removal was 74% due to factors such as dilution, degradation and adsorption. Higher HRT values increased the LAS removal (stage III: 26 h - 48% and stage IV: 32 h - 64%), probably due to increased contact time between the biomass and LAS. The clone libraries were different between samples from the sludge bed (Synergitetes and Proteobacteria) and the separator phase (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Delforno
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Jurado-Alameda E, Vicaria JM, Altmajer-Vaz D, Luzón G, Jiménez-Pérez JL, Moya-Ramírez I. Ozone degradation of alkylbenzene sulfonate in aqueous solutions using a stirred tank reactor with recirculation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:2205-2212. [PMID: 22934991 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.707537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in aqueous solutions by ozone has been investigated. The ozonation process was performed in a stirred tank reactor with recirculation which simulates the clean-in-place process used in many industrial facilities. The gas-liquid mass transfer of ozone in a buffer solution at different temperatures (25-55°C) was also studied in the same device, revealing that ozone decomposition can be considered negligible under the experimental conditions assayed. The effect of the initial LAS concentration, temperature, and ozone concentration on the concentration of homologues and total LAS were analysed as a function of time. Both concentrations diminished with time, this effect being more significant when higher temperatures were assayed. The relative proportion of homologues shows that the homologues of higher chain length are degraded in a greater proportion than are the homologues with shorter chain lengths.
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Liquid phase micro-extraction of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate anionic surfactants in aqueous samples. MEMBRANES 2011; 1:299-313. [PMID: 24957870 PMCID: PMC4021876 DOI: 10.3390/membranes1040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction (LPME) of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) from aqueous samples was studied. Ion pair extraction of C10, C11, C12 and C13 homologues was facilitated with trihexylamine as ion-pairing agent, using di-n-hexylether as solvent for the supported liquid membrane (SLM). Effects of extraction time, acceptor buffer concentration, stirring speed, sample volume, NaCl and humic acids were studied. At 10–50 μg L−1 linear R2-coefficients were 0.99 for C10 and C11 and 0.96 for C12. RSD was typically ∼15%. Three observations were especially made. Firstly, LPME for these analytes was unusually slow with maximum enrichment observed after 15–24 h (depending on sample volume). Secondly, the enrichment depended on LAS sample concentration with 35–150 times enrichment below ∼150 μg L−1 and 1850–4400 times enrichment at 1 mg L−1. Thirdly, lower homologues were enriched more than higher homologues at low sample concentrations, with reversed conditions at higher concentrations. These observations may be due to the fact that LAS and the amine counter ion themselves influence the mass transfer at the water-SLM interface. The observations on LPME of LAS may aid in LPME application to other compounds with surfactant properties or in surfactant enhanced membrane extraction of other compounds.
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Abstract
Detergent surfactants can be found in wastewater in relevant concentrations. Most of them are known as ready degradable under aerobic conditions, as required by European legislation. Far fewer surfactants have been tested so far for biodegradability under anaerobic conditions. The natural environment is predominantly aerobic, but there are some environmental compartments such as river sediments, sub-surface soil layer and anaerobic sludge digesters of wastewater treatment plants which have strictly anaerobic conditions. This review gives an overview on anaerobic biodegradation processes, the methods for testing anaerobic biodegradability, and the anaerobic biodegradability of different detergent surfactant types (anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric surfactants).
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Mungray AK, Kumar P. Occurrence of anionic surfactants in treated sewage: risk assessment to aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 160:362-370. [PMID: 18430511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A comparative evaluation of occurrence of and risk to aquatic environment due to anionic surfactants (AS) in treated effluents from three main treatment processes, i.e. activated sludge process (ASP), oxidation pond (OP), and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) is presented. UASBR effluents contained substantial concentrations of AS (4.25-5.91mg/L as average AS removal was not found to exceed 18%). Post-treatment of UASBR effluent using 1-1.6 days detention, anaerobic polishing ponds (PP) was also found quite ineffective. In UASBR-PP combine, AS reduced only up to 30%. Effluents from OP based sewage treatment plants (STPs) also contained significant concentrations of AS. On the contrary, effluent AS or linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) concentrations recorded in ASP effluents were quite low (less than 0.2mg/L). Unlike UASBR, LAS or AS removals greater than 99% are achieved in ASP. Treated effluents from UASBR and OP based STPs when discharged to aquatic ecosystems are likely to cause substantial risk to aquatic environment due to the presence of AS while effluents from ASP are not supposed to pose risk. Need to find an effective aerobic post-treatment unit to UASBR for desired removal of AS is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, India.
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Duarte ICS, Oliveira LL, Saavedra NKD, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, Oliveira VM, Varesche MBA. Evaluation of the microbial diversity in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor treating linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Biodegradation 2007; 19:375-85. [PMID: 17647084 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-007-9143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to assess the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor. The reactor was filled with polyurethane foam where the sludge from a sanitary sewage treatment was immobilized. The hydraulic detention time (HDT) used in the experiments was of 12 h. The reactor was fed with synthetic substrate (410 mg l(-1) of meat extract, 115 mg l(-1) of starch, 80 mg l(-1) of saccharose, 320 mg l(-1) of sodium bicarbonate and 5 ml l(-1) of salt solution) in the following stages of operation: SI-synthetic substrate, SII-synthetic substrate with 7 mg l(-1) of LAS, SIII-synthetic substrate with 14 mg l(-1) of LAS and SIV-synthetic substrate containing yeast extract (substituting meat extract) and 14 mg l(-1) of LAS, without starch. At the end of the experiment (313 days) a degradation of approximately 35% of LAS was achieved. The higher the concentration of LAS, the greater the amount of foam for its adsorption. This is necessary because the isotherm of LAS adsorption in the foam is linear for the studied concentrations (2 to 50 mg l(-1)). Microscopic analyses of the biofilm revealed diverse microbial morphologies, while Denaturing Gradient Gel Eletrophoresis (DGGE) profiling showed variations in the population of total bacteria and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the members of the order Clostridiales were the major components of the bacterial community in the last reactor operation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C S Duarte
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, no. 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
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